diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 351f5e16a7f..a3d669b44e3 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@ result
 *.pk
 *.vk
 **/Verifier.toml
+**/target
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 85b5c12aa46..846110fead2 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@ version = 3
 [[package]]
 name = "acir"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "018148d69bf14422b1c1d62909a241af2a7f51fec064feb2b01de88fb02b11b8"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/acvm.git?branch=mv/verify_proof#3c492db693d9f4cb83c4814bdc5d6cf0945f4b47"
 dependencies = [
  "acir_field",
  "flate2",
@@ -17,8 +16,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "acir_field"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4d40dac25cf6be6335dd86286caeac859afd0dc74a4a75c64eed041b0f00a278"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/acvm.git?branch=mv/verify_proof#3c492db693d9f4cb83c4814bdc5d6cf0945f4b47"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-bn254",
  "ark-ff",
@@ -31,8 +29,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "acvm"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e17b7bc8f2b2215075b8e080ba3a0b8b7d759f04bc44b27e5bb8d845f4c77f20"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/acvm.git?branch=mv/verify_proof#3c492db693d9f4cb83c4814bdc5d6cf0945f4b47"
 dependencies = [
  "acir",
  "acvm_stdlib",
@@ -46,11 +43,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "acvm-backend-barretenberg"
+version = "0.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "acvm",
+ "barretenberg-sys",
+ "blake2",
+ "dirs 3.0.2",
+ "futures-util",
+ "getrandom",
+ "indicatif",
+ "pkg-config",
+ "reqwest",
+ "rust-embed",
+ "tokio",
+ "wasmer",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "acvm_stdlib"
 version = "0.9.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "33ce2d19a9d1e7ff1bf415ed909b43031e33ef6df21be70e470bb1817b3e6989"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/acvm.git?branch=mv/verify_proof#3c492db693d9f4cb83c4814bdc5d6cf0945f4b47"
 dependencies = [
  "acir",
 ]
@@ -101,6 +115,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "aho-corasick"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "67fc08ce920c31afb70f013dcce1bfc3a3195de6a228474e45e1f145b36f8d04"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -110,11 +133,54 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6342bd4f5a1205d7f41e94a41a901f5647c938cdfa96036338e8533c9d6c2450"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is-terminal",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle"
-version = "0.3.5"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "41ed9a86bf92ae6580e0a31281f65a1b1d867c0cc68d5346e2ae128dddfa6a7d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e765fd216e48e067936442276d1d57399e37bce53c264d6fefbe298080cb57ee"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "23ea9e81bd02e310c216d080f6223c179012256e5151c41db88d12c88a1684d2"
+checksum = "5ca11d4be1bab0c8bc8734a9aa7bf4ee8316d462a08c6ac5052f888fef5b494b"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "180abfa45703aebe0093f79badacc01b8fd4ea2e35118747e5811127f926e188"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "arena"
@@ -136,9 +202,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ec"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3c60370a92f8e1a5f053cad73a862e1b99bc642333cd676fa11c0c39f80f4ac2"
+checksum = "defd9a439d56ac24968cca0571f598a61bc8c55f71d50a89cda591cb750670ba"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ff",
  "ark-poly",
@@ -153,9 +219,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c2d42532524bee1da5a4f6f733eb4907301baa480829557adcff5dfaeee1d9a"
+checksum = "ec847af850f44ad29048935519032c33da8aa03340876d351dfab5660d2966ba"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ff-asm",
  "ark-ff-macros",
@@ -173,32 +239,32 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-asm"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9d6873aaba7959593d89babed381d33e2329453368f1bf3c67e07686a1c1056f"
+checksum = "3ed4aa4fe255d0bc6d79373f7e31d2ea147bcf486cba1be5ba7ea85abdb92348"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-ff-macros"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f3c2e7d0f2d67cc7fc925355c74d36e7eda19073639be4a0a233d4611b8c959d"
+checksum = "7abe79b0e4288889c4574159ab790824d0033b9fdcb2a112a3182fac2e514565"
 dependencies = [
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-poly"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8f6ec811462cabe265cfe1b102fcfe3df79d7d2929c2425673648ee9abfd0272"
+checksum = "d320bfc44ee185d899ccbadfa8bc31aab923ce1558716e1997a1e74057fe86bf"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-ff",
  "ark-serialize",
@@ -209,9 +275,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-serialize"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e7e735959bc173ea4baf13327b19c22d452b8e9e8e8f7b7fc34e6bf0e316c33e"
+checksum = "adb7b85a02b83d2f22f89bd5cac66c9c89474240cb6207cb1efc16d098e822a5"
 dependencies = [
  "ark-serialize-derive",
  "ark-std",
@@ -221,13 +287,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ark-serialize-derive"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd34f0920d995d2c932f38861c416f70de89a6de9875876b012557079603e6cc"
+checksum = "ae3281bc6d0fd7e549af32b52511e1302185bd688fd3359fa36423346ff682ea"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -242,14 +308,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "assert_cmd"
-version = "2.0.10"
+version = "2.0.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec0b2340f55d9661d76793b2bfc2eb0e62689bd79d067a95707ea762afd5e9dd"
+checksum = "86d6b683edf8d1119fe420a94f8a7e389239666aa72e65495d91c00462510151"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "bstr",
  "doc-comment",
- "predicates 3.0.2",
+ "predicates 3.0.3",
  "predicates-core",
  "predicates-tree",
  "wait-timeout",
@@ -257,14 +323,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "assert_fs"
-version = "1.0.12"
+version = "1.0.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e9d5bf7e5441c6393b5a9670a5036abe6b4847612f594b870f7332dbf10cf6fa"
+checksum = "f070617a68e5c2ed5d06ee8dd620ee18fb72b99f6c094bed34cf8ab07c875b48"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "doc-comment",
  "globwalk",
- "predicates 3.0.2",
+ "predicates 3.0.3",
  "predicates-core",
  "predicates-tree",
  "tempfile",
@@ -286,16 +352,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.6.2",
  "object 0.30.3",
  "rustc-demangle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "barretenberg-sys"
-version = "0.1.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6bc96e40cc45e7d5622cbc57a140aee926a7fb6e4f7d07dda758daa9256f3317"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/barretenberg-sys.git?branch=mv/recursion-bindings#78ce8a7ecc2689fbd91788ee0cbc6f2258835f14"
 dependencies = [
  "bindgen",
  "cc",
@@ -305,27 +370,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "barretenberg_static_lib"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45#e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45"
-dependencies = [
- "barretenberg-sys",
- "common",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "barretenberg_wasm"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45#e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45"
-dependencies = [
- "common",
- "getrandom",
- "pkg-config",
- "rust-embed",
- "wasmer",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
 version = "0.21.0"
@@ -350,7 +394,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "rustc-hash",
  "shlex",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
  "which",
 ]
 
@@ -414,9 +458,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "build-data"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a94f9f7aab679acac7ce29ba5581c00d3971a861c3b501c5bb74c3ba0026d90"
+checksum = "4ac83c47416b2db78a5a8a45d7d229a730b62806fa41ac6b4dbde6d016798776"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "safe-lock",
@@ -425,9 +469,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.12.0"
+version = "3.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0d261e256854913907f67ed06efbc3338dfe6179796deefc1ff763fc1aee5535"
+checksum = "9b1ce199063694f33ffb7dd4e0ee620741495c32833cde5aa08f02a0bf96f0c8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytecheck"
@@ -448,7 +492,7 @@ checksum = "e31225543cb46f81a7e224762764f4a6a0f097b1db0b175f69e8065efaa42de5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -516,9 +560,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clang-sys"
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77ed9a53e5d4d9c573ae844bfac6872b159cb1d1585a83b29e7a64b7eef7332a"
+checksum = "c688fc74432808e3eb684cae8830a86be1d66a2bd58e1f248ed0960a590baf6f"
 dependencies = [
  "glob",
  "libc",
@@ -527,40 +571,45 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.1.8"
+version = "4.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3d7ae14b20b94cb02149ed21a86c423859cbe18dc7ed69845cace50e52b40a5"
+checksum = "8a1f23fa97e1d1641371b51f35535cb26959b8e27ab50d167a8b996b5bada819"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags",
+ "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
- "clap_lex",
- "is-terminal",
  "once_cell",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "clap_builder"
+version = "4.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fdc5d93c358224b4d6867ef1356d740de2303e9892edc06c5340daeccd96bab"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "bitflags",
+ "clap_lex",
  "strsim",
- "termcolor",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.1.8"
+version = "4.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "44bec8e5c9d09e439c4335b1af0abaab56dcf3b94999a936e1bb47b9134288f0"
+checksum = "3f9644cd56d6b87dbe899ef8b053e331c0637664e9e21a33dfcdc36093f5c5c4"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
- "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.3.2"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "350b9cf31731f9957399229e9b2adc51eeabdfbe9d71d9a0552275fd12710d09"
-dependencies = [
- "os_str_bytes",
-]
+checksum = "8a2dd5a6fe8c6e3502f568a6353e5273bbb15193ad9a89e457b9970798efbea1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "codespan"
@@ -619,19 +668,10 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "common"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend?rev=e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45#e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45"
-dependencies = [
- "acvm",
- "blake2",
- "dirs 3.0.2",
- "futures-util",
- "indicatif",
- "reqwest",
- "sled",
- "tokio",
-]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "console"
@@ -684,9 +724,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5827cebf4670468b8772dd191856768aedcb1b0278a04f989f7766351917b9dc"
+checksum = "e496a50fda8aacccc86d7529e2c1e0892dbd0f898a6b5645b5561b89c3210efa"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "corosensei"
@@ -703,9 +743,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.2.5"
+version = "0.2.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28d997bd5e24a5928dd43e46dc529867e207907fe0b239c3477d924f7f2ca320"
+checksum = "3e4c1eaa2012c47becbbad2ab175484c2a84d1185b566fb2cc5b8707343dfe58"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -780,9 +820,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-channel"
-version = "0.5.7"
+version = "0.5.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf2b3e8478797446514c91ef04bafcb59faba183e621ad488df88983cc14128c"
+checksum = "a33c2bf77f2df06183c3aa30d1e96c0695a313d4f9c453cc3762a6db39f99200"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "crossbeam-utils",
@@ -853,9 +893,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxx"
-version = "1.0.92"
+version = "1.0.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a140f260e6f3f79013b8bfc65e7ce630c9ab4388c6a89c71e07226f49487b72"
+checksum = "f61f1b6389c3fe1c316bf8a4dccc90a38208354b330925bce1f74a6c4756eb93"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "cxxbridge-flags",
@@ -865,9 +905,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxx-build"
-version = "1.0.92"
+version = "1.0.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da6383f459341ea689374bf0a42979739dc421874f112ff26f829b8040b8e613"
+checksum = "12cee708e8962df2aeb38f594aae5d827c022b6460ac71a7a3e2c3c2aae5a07b"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
  "codespan-reporting 0.11.1",
@@ -875,24 +915,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "scratch",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxxbridge-flags"
-version = "1.0.92"
+version = "1.0.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "90201c1a650e95ccff1c8c0bb5a343213bdd317c6e600a93075bca2eff54ec97"
+checksum = "7944172ae7e4068c533afbb984114a56c46e9ccddda550499caa222902c7f7bb"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cxxbridge-macro"
-version = "1.0.92"
+version = "1.0.94"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b75aed41bb2e6367cae39e6326ef817a851db13c13e4f3263714ca3cfb8de56"
+checksum = "2345488264226bf682893e25de0769f3360aac9957980ec49361b083ddaa5bc5"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -915,7 +955,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ident_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -926,7 +966,7 @@ checksum = "a4aab4dbc9f7611d8b55048a3a16d2d010c2c8334e46304b40ac1cc14bf3b48e"
 dependencies = [
  "darling_core",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -946,7 +986,7 @@ checksum = "fcc3dd5e9e9c0b295d6e1e4d811fb6f157d5ffd784b8d202fc62eac8035a770b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1076,7 +1116,7 @@ checksum = "c134c37760b27a871ba422106eedbb8247da973a09e82558bf26d619c882b159"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1097,18 +1137,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "darling",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "errno"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f639046355ee4f37944e44f60642c6f3a7efa3cf6b78c78a0d989a8ce6c396a1"
+checksum = "4bcfec3a70f97c962c307b2d2c56e358cf1d00b558d74262b5f929ee8cc7e73a"
 dependencies = [
  "errno-dragonfly",
  "libc",
- "winapi",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1159,12 +1199,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flate2"
-version = "1.0.25"
+version = "1.0.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a8a2db397cb1c8772f31494cb8917e48cd1e64f0fa7efac59fbd741a0a8ce841"
+checksum = "3b9429470923de8e8cbd4d2dc513535400b4b3fef0319fb5c4e1f520a7bef743"
 dependencies = [
  "crc32fast",
- "miniz_oxide",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.7.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1202,16 +1242,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "fs2"
-version = "0.4.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9564fc758e15025b46aa6643b1b77d047d1a56a1aea6e01002ac0c7026876213"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "fuchsia-cprng"
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -1226,53 +1256,53 @@ checksum = "fed34cd105917e91daa4da6b3728c47b068749d6a62c59811f06ed2ac71d9da7"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-channel"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "164713a5a0dcc3e7b4b1ed7d3b433cabc18025386f9339346e8daf15963cf7ac"
+checksum = "955518d47e09b25bbebc7a18df10b81f0c766eaf4c4f1cccef2fca5f2a4fb5f2"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "86d7a0c1aa76363dac491de0ee99faf6941128376f1cf96f07db7603b7de69dd"
+checksum = "4bca583b7e26f571124fe5b7561d49cb2868d79116cfa0eefce955557c6fee8c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "89d422fa3cbe3b40dca574ab087abb5bc98258ea57eea3fd6f1fa7162c778b91"
+checksum = "4fff74096e71ed47f8e023204cfd0aa1289cd54ae5430a9523be060cdb849964"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-macro"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3eb14ed937631bd8b8b8977f2c198443447a8355b6e3ca599f38c975e5a963b6"
+checksum = "89ca545a94061b6365f2c7355b4b32bd20df3ff95f02da9329b34ccc3bd6ee72"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-sink"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec93083a4aecafb2a80a885c9de1f0ccae9dbd32c2bb54b0c3a65690e0b8d2f2"
+checksum = "f43be4fe21a13b9781a69afa4985b0f6ee0e1afab2c6f454a8cf30e2b2237b6e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd65540d33b37b16542a0438c12e6aeead10d4ac5d05bd3f805b8f35ab592879"
+checksum = "76d3d132be6c0e6aa1534069c705a74a5997a356c0dc2f86a47765e5617c5b65"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3ef6b17e481503ec85211fed8f39d1970f128935ca1f814cd32ac4a6842e84ab"
+checksum = "26b01e40b772d54cf6c6d721c1d1abd0647a0106a12ecaa1c186273392a69533"
 dependencies = [
  "futures-core",
  "futures-io",
@@ -1285,15 +1315,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "slab",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "fxhash"
-version = "0.2.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c31b6d751ae2c7f11320402d34e41349dd1016f8d5d45e48c4312bc8625af50c"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "generational-arena"
 version = "0.2.8"
@@ -1305,9 +1326,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "generic-array"
-version = "0.14.6"
+version = "0.14.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bff49e947297f3312447abdca79f45f4738097cc82b06e72054d2223f601f1b9"
+checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
  "version_check",
@@ -1315,9 +1336,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.8"
+version = "0.2.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c05aeb6a22b8f62540c194aac980f2115af067bfe15a0734d7277a768d396b31"
+checksum = "c85e1d9ab2eadba7e5040d4e09cbd6d072b76a557ad64e797c2cb9d4da21d7e4"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "libc",
@@ -1353,7 +1374,7 @@ version = "0.4.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "029d74589adefde59de1a0c4f4732695c32805624aec7b68d91503d4dba79afc"
 dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
+ "aho-corasick 0.7.20",
  "bstr",
  "fnv",
  "log",
@@ -1514,9 +1535,9 @@ checksum = "c4a1e36c821dbe04574f602848a19f742f4fb3c98d40449f11bcad18d6b17421"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper"
-version = "0.14.25"
+version = "0.14.26"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cc5e554ff619822309ffd57d8734d77cd5ce6238bc956f037ea06c58238c9899"
+checksum = "ab302d72a6f11a3b910431ff93aae7e773078c769f0a3ef15fb9ec692ed147d4"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-channel",
@@ -1551,16 +1572,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
-version = "0.1.53"
+version = "0.1.56"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "64c122667b287044802d6ce17ee2ddf13207ed924c712de9a66a5814d5b64765"
+checksum = "0722cd7114b7de04316e7ea5456a0bbb20e4adb46fd27a3697adb812cff0f37c"
 dependencies = [
  "android_system_properties",
  "core-foundation-sys",
  "iana-time-zone-haiku",
  "js-sys",
  "wasm-bindgen",
- "winapi",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1614,9 +1635,9 @@ checksum = "ce23b50ad8242c51a442f3ff322d56b02f08852c77e4c0b4d3fd684abc89c683"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "1.9.2"
+version = "1.9.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1885e79c1fc4b10f0e172c475f458b7f7b93061064d98c3293e98c5ba0c8b399"
+checksum = "bd070e393353796e801d209ad339e89596eb4c8d430d18ede6a1cced8fafbd99"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
@@ -1646,30 +1667,31 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "io-lifetimes"
-version = "1.0.6"
+version = "1.0.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cfa919a82ea574332e2de6e74b4c36e74d41982b335080fa59d4ef31be20fdf3"
+checksum = "9c66c74d2ae7e79a5a8f7ac924adbe38ee42a859c6539ad869eb51f0b52dc220"
 dependencies = [
+ "hermit-abi 0.3.1",
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.45.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ipnet"
-version = "2.7.1"
+version = "2.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30e22bd8629359895450b59ea7a776c850561b96a3b1d31321c1949d9e6c9146"
+checksum = "12b6ee2129af8d4fb011108c73d99a1b83a85977f23b82460c0ae2e25bb4b57f"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "is-terminal"
-version = "0.4.4"
+version = "0.4.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "21b6b32576413a8e69b90e952e4a026476040d81017b80445deda5f2d3921857"
+checksum = "adcf93614601c8129ddf72e2d5633df827ba6551541c6d8c59520a371475be1f"
 dependencies = [
  "hermit-abi 0.3.1",
  "io-lifetimes",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.45.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1732,9 +1754,9 @@ checksum = "884e2677b40cc8c339eaefcb701c32ef1fd2493d71118dc0ca4b6a736c93bd67"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.140"
+version = "0.2.142"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "99227334921fae1a979cf0bfdfcc6b3e5ce376ef57e16fb6fb3ea2ed6095f80c"
+checksum = "6a987beff54b60ffa6d51982e1aa1146bc42f19bd26be28b0586f252fccf5317"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -1757,19 +1779,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.1.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f051f77a7c8e6957c0696eac88f26b0117e54f52d3fc682ab19397a8812846a4"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "lock_api"
-version = "0.4.9"
+version = "0.3.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "435011366fe56583b16cf956f9df0095b405b82d76425bc8981c0e22e60ec4df"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "scopeguard",
-]
+checksum = "b64f40e5e03e0d54f03845c8197d0291253cdbedfb1cb46b13c2c117554a9f4c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
@@ -1798,7 +1810,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c0fbfc88337168279f2e9ae06e157cfed4efd3316e14dc96ed074d4f2e6c5952"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1845,9 +1857,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mime"
-version = "0.3.16"
+version = "0.3.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2a60c7ce501c71e03a9c9c0d35b861413ae925bd979cc7a4e30d060069aaac8d"
+checksum = "6877bb514081ee2a7ff5ef9de3281f14a4dd4bceac4c09388074a6b5df8a139a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "minimal-lexical"
@@ -1864,6 +1876,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "adler",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e7810e0be55b428ada41041c41f32c9f1a42817901b4ccf45fa3d4b6561e74c7"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
 version = "0.8.6"
@@ -1901,10 +1922,9 @@ name = "nargo_cli"
 version = "0.4.1"
 dependencies = [
  "acvm",
+ "acvm-backend-barretenberg",
  "assert_cmd",
  "assert_fs",
- "barretenberg_static_lib",
- "barretenberg_wasm",
  "build-data",
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "clap",
@@ -2112,43 +2132,12 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "624a8340c38c1b80fd549087862da4ba43e08858af025b236e509b6649fc13d5"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "os_str_bytes"
-version = "6.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b7820b9daea5457c9f21c69448905d723fbd21136ccf521748f23fd49e723ee"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "owo-colors"
 version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c1b04fb49957986fdce4d6ee7a65027d55d4b6d2265e5848bbb507b58ccfdb6f"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot"
-version = "0.11.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d17b78036a60663b797adeaee46f5c9dfebb86948d1255007a1d6be0271ff99"
-dependencies = [
- "instant",
- "lock_api",
- "parking_lot_core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "parking_lot_core"
-version = "0.8.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "60a2cfe6f0ad2bfc16aefa463b497d5c7a5ecd44a23efa72aa342d90177356dc"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "instant",
- "libc",
- "redox_syscall",
- "smallvec",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
 version = "1.0.12"
@@ -2222,9 +2211,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "predicates"
-version = "3.0.2"
+version = "3.0.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c575290b64d24745b6c57a12a31465f0a66f3a4799686a6921526a33b0797965"
+checksum = "09963355b9f467184c04017ced4a2ba2d75cbcb4e7462690d388233253d4b1a9"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "difflib",
@@ -2257,7 +2246,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error-attr",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
  "version_check",
 ]
 
@@ -2274,9 +2263,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.52"
+version = "1.0.56"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d0e1ae9e836cc3beddd63db0df682593d7e2d3d891ae8c9083d2113e1744224"
+checksum = "2b63bdb0cd06f1f4dedf69b254734f9b45af66e4a031e42a7480257d9898b435"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -2307,7 +2296,7 @@ checksum = "16b845dbfca988fa33db069c0e230574d15a3088f147a87b64c7589eb662c9ac"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2429,6 +2418,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "redox_syscall"
+version = "0.3.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "567664f262709473930a4bf9e51bf2ebf3348f2e748ccc50dea20646858f8f29"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "redox_users"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -2436,7 +2434,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b033d837a7cf162d7993aded9304e30a83213c648b6e389db233191f891e5c2b"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
- "redox_syscall",
+ "redox_syscall 0.2.16",
  "thiserror",
 ]
 
@@ -2453,11 +2451,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex"
-version = "1.7.1"
+version = "1.8.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "48aaa5748ba571fb95cd2c85c09f629215d3a6ece942baa100950af03a34f733"
+checksum = "af83e617f331cc6ae2da5443c602dfa5af81e517212d9d611a5b3ba1777b5370"
 dependencies = [
- "aho-corasick",
+ "aho-corasick 1.0.1",
  "memchr",
  "regex-syntax",
 ]
@@ -2470,9 +2468,9 @@ checksum = "6c230d73fb8d8c1b9c0b3135c5142a8acee3a0558fb8db5cf1cb65f8d7862132"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
-version = "0.6.28"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "456c603be3e8d448b072f410900c09faf164fbce2d480456f50eea6e25f9c848"
+checksum = "a5996294f19bd3aae0453a862ad728f60e6600695733dd5df01da90c54363a3c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "region"
@@ -2562,9 +2560,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rkyv"
-version = "0.7.40"
+version = "0.7.41"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c30f1d45d9aa61cbc8cd1eb87705470892289bb2d01943e7803b873a57404dc3"
+checksum = "21499ed91807f07ae081880aabb2ccc0235e9d88011867d984525e9a4c3cfa3e"
 dependencies = [
  "bytecheck",
  "hashbrown 0.12.3",
@@ -2576,13 +2574,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rkyv_derive"
-version = "0.7.40"
+version = "0.7.41"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ff26ed6c7c4dfc2aa9480b86a60e3c7233543a270a680e10758a507c5a4ce476"
+checksum = "ac1c672430eb41556291981f45ca900a0239ad007242d1cb4b4167af842db666"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2609,9 +2607,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rust-embed"
-version = "6.6.0"
+version = "6.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb133b9a38b5543fad3807fb2028ea47c5f2b566f4f5e28a11902f1a358348b6"
+checksum = "1b68543d5527e158213414a92832d2aab11a84d2571a5eb021ebe22c43aab066"
 dependencies = [
  "rust-embed-impl",
  "rust-embed-utils",
@@ -2628,7 +2626,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "rust-embed-utils",
  "shellexpand",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
  "walkdir",
 ]
 
@@ -2645,9 +2643,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-demangle"
-version = "0.1.21"
+version = "0.1.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7ef03e0a2b150c7a90d01faf6254c9c48a41e95fb2a8c2ac1c6f0d2b9aefc342"
+checksum = "d626bb9dae77e28219937af045c257c28bfd3f69333c512553507f5f9798cb76"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
@@ -2666,16 +2664,16 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustix"
-version = "0.36.9"
+version = "0.37.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fd5c6ff11fecd55b40746d1995a02f2eb375bf8c00d192d521ee09f42bef37bc"
+checksum = "a0661814f891c57c930a610266415528da53c4933e6dea5fb350cbfe048a9ece"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
  "errno",
  "io-lifetimes",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys 0.45.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2809,9 +2807,9 @@ checksum = "bebd363326d05ec3e2f532ab7660680f3b02130d780c299bca73469d521bc0ed"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
-version = "1.0.155"
+version = "1.0.160"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "71f2b4817415c6d4210bfe1c7bfcf4801b2d904cb4d0e1a8fdb651013c9e86b8"
+checksum = "bb2f3770c8bce3bcda7e149193a069a0f4365bda1fa5cd88e03bca26afc1216c"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_derive",
 ]
@@ -2827,20 +2825,20 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_derive"
-version = "1.0.155"
+version = "1.0.160"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d071a94a3fac4aff69d023a7f411e33f40f3483f8c5190b1953822b6b76d7630"
+checksum = "291a097c63d8497e00160b166a967a4a79c64f3facdd01cbd7502231688d77df"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.94"
+version = "1.0.96"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1c533a59c9d8a93a09c6ab31f0fd5e5f4dd1b8fc9434804029839884765d04ea"
+checksum = "057d394a50403bcac12672b2b18fb387ab6d289d957dab67dd201875391e52f1"
 dependencies = [
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
@@ -2941,22 +2939,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sled"
-version = "0.34.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f96b4737c2ce5987354855aed3797279def4ebf734436c6aa4552cf8e169935"
-dependencies = [
- "crc32fast",
- "crossbeam-epoch",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "fs2",
- "fxhash",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "parking_lot",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
 version = "1.10.0"
@@ -3029,7 +3011,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3050,22 +3032,21 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "synstructure"
-version = "0.12.6"
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f36bdaa60a83aca3921b5259d5400cbf5e90fc51931376a9bd4a0eb79aa7210f"
+checksum = "a34fcf3e8b60f57e6a14301a2e916d323af98b0ea63c599441eec8558660c822"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
- "unicode-xid",
+ "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "target-lexicon"
-version = "0.12.6"
+version = "0.12.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ae9980cab1db3fceee2f6c6f643d5d8de2997c58ee8d25fb0cc8a9e9e7348e5"
+checksum = "fd1ba337640d60c3e96bc6f0638a939b9c9a7f2c316a1598c279828b3d1dc8c5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempdir"
@@ -3079,15 +3060,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.4.0"
+version = "3.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "af18f7ae1acd354b992402e9ec5864359d693cd8a79dcbef59f76891701c1e95"
+checksum = "b9fbec84f381d5795b08656e4912bec604d162bff9291d6189a78f4c8ab87998"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "fastrand",
- "redox_syscall",
+ "redox_syscall 0.3.5",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.42.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.45.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3107,22 +3088,22 @@ checksum = "3369f5ac52d5eb6ab48c6b4ffdc8efbcad6b89c765749064ba298f2c68a16a76"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.39"
+version = "1.0.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a5ab016db510546d856297882807df8da66a16fb8c4101cb8b30054b0d5b2d9c"
+checksum = "978c9a314bd8dc99be594bc3c175faaa9794be04a5a5e153caba6915336cebac"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.39"
+version = "1.0.40"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5420d42e90af0c38c3290abcca25b9b3bdf379fc9f55c528f53a269d9c9a267e"
+checksum = "f9456a42c5b0d803c8cd86e73dd7cc9edd429499f37a3550d286d5e86720569f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3163,18 +3144,17 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.26.0"
+version = "1.28.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03201d01c3c27a29c8a5cee5b55a93ddae1ccf6f08f65365c2c918f8c1b76f64"
+checksum = "c3c786bf8134e5a3a166db9b29ab8f48134739014a3eca7bc6bfa95d673b136f"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "bytes",
  "libc",
- "memchr",
  "mio",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "socket2",
- "windows-sys 0.45.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3190,9 +3170,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio-util"
-version = "0.7.7"
+version = "0.7.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5427d89453009325de0d8f342c9490009f76e999cb7672d77e46267448f7e6b2"
+checksum = "806fe8c2c87eccc8b3267cbae29ed3ab2d0bd37fca70ab622e46aaa9375ddb7d"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-core",
@@ -3225,9 +3205,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.19.6"
+version = "0.19.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08de71aa0d6e348f070457f85af8bd566e2bc452156a423ddf22861b3a953fae"
+checksum = "239410c8609e8125456927e6707163a3b1fdb40561e4b803bc041f466ccfdc13"
 dependencies = [
  "indexmap",
  "serde",
@@ -3244,11 +3224,10 @@ checksum = "b6bc1c9ce2b5135ac7f93c72918fc37feb872bdc6a5533a8b85eb4b86bfdae52"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.37"
+version = "0.1.38"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8ce8c33a8d48bd45d624a6e523445fd21ec13d3653cd51f681abf67418f54eb8"
+checksum = "cf9cf6a813d3f40c88b0b6b6f29a5c95c6cdbf97c1f9cc53fb820200f5ad814d"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
  "log",
  "pin-project-lite",
  "tracing-attributes",
@@ -3257,13 +3236,13 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.23"
+version = "0.1.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4017f8f45139870ca7e672686113917c71c7a6e02d4924eda67186083c03081a"
+checksum = "0f57e3ca2a01450b1a921183a9c9cbfda207fd822cef4ccb00a65402cbba7a74"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3288,9 +3267,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.16"
+version = "0.3.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a6176eae26dd70d0c919749377897b54a9276bd7061339665dd68777926b5a70"
+checksum = "30a651bc37f915e81f087d86e62a18eec5f79550c7faff886f7090b4ea757c77"
 dependencies = [
  "sharded-slab",
  "thread_local",
@@ -3311,9 +3290,9 @@ checksum = "497961ef93d974e23eb6f433eb5fe1b7930b659f06d12dec6fc44a8f554c0bba"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
-version = "0.3.11"
+version = "0.3.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "524b68aca1d05e03fdf03fcdce2c6c94b6daf6d16861ddaa7e4f2b6638a9052c"
+checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
@@ -3359,6 +3338,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "percent-encoding",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "utf8parse"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "valuable"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -3382,12 +3367,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "walkdir"
-version = "2.3.2"
+version = "2.3.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "808cf2735cd4b6866113f648b791c6adc5714537bc222d9347bb203386ffda56"
+checksum = "36df944cda56c7d8d8b7496af378e6b16de9284591917d307c9b4d313c44e698"
 dependencies = [
  "same-file",
- "winapi",
  "winapi-util",
 ]
 
@@ -3436,7 +3420,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -3470,7 +3454,7 @@ checksum = "2aff81306fcac3c7515ad4e177f521b5c9a15f2b08f4e32d823066102f35a5f6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -3483,9 +3467,9 @@ checksum = "0046fef7e28c3804e5e38bfa31ea2a0f73905319b677e57ebe37e49358989b5d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-encoder"
-version = "0.25.0"
+version = "0.26.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4eff853c4f09eec94d76af527eddad4e9de13b11d6286a1ef7134bc30135a2b7"
+checksum = "d05d0b6fcd0aeb98adf16e7975331b3c17222aa815148f5b976370ce589d80ef"
 dependencies = [
  "leb128",
 ]
@@ -3601,7 +3585,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro-error",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3753,9 +3737,9 @@ checksum = "718ed7c55c2add6548cca3ddd6383d738cd73b892df400e96b9aa876f0141d7a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wast"
-version = "55.0.0"
+version = "57.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4984d3e1406571f4930ba5cf79bd70f75f41d0e87e17506e0bd19b0e5d085f05"
+checksum = "6eb0f5ed17ac4421193c7477da05892c2edafd67f9639e3c11a82086416662dc"
 dependencies = [
  "leb128",
  "memchr",
@@ -3765,9 +3749,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wat"
-version = "1.0.61"
+version = "1.0.63"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "af2b53f4da14db05d32e70e9c617abdf6620c575bd5dd972b7400037b4df2091"
+checksum = "ab9ab0d87337c3be2bb6fc5cd331c4ba9fd6bcb4ee85048a0dd59ed9ecf92e53"
 dependencies = [
  "wast",
 ]
@@ -3843,6 +3827,15 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e686886bc078bc1b0b600cac0147aadb815089b6e4da64016cbd754b6342700f"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3862,12 +3855,12 @@ version = "0.42.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5a3e1820f08b8513f676f7ab6c1f99ff312fb97b553d30ff4dd86f9f15728aa7"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.42.2",
  "windows_i686_gnu 0.42.2",
  "windows_i686_msvc 0.42.2",
  "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.2",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
 ]
 
@@ -3877,7 +3870,16 @@ version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "75283be5efb2831d37ea142365f009c02ec203cd29a3ebecbc093d52315b66d0"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.42.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3886,21 +3888,42 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8e5180c00cd44c9b1c88adb3693291f1cd93605ded80c250a75d472756b4d071"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
  "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.42.2",
  "windows_i686_gnu 0.42.2",
  "windows_i686_msvc 0.42.2",
  "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.2",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
  "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7b1eb6f0cd7c80c79759c929114ef071b87354ce476d9d94271031c0497adfd5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.0",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.0",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.0",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "597a5118570b68bc08d8d59125332c54f1ba9d9adeedeef5b99b02ba2b0698f8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91ae572e1b79dba883e0d315474df7305d12f569b400fcf90581b06062f7e1bc"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3913,6 +3936,12 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e08e8864a60f06ef0d0ff4ba04124db8b0fb3be5776a5cd47641e942e58c4d43"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b2ef27e0d7bdfcfc7b868b317c1d32c641a6fe4629c171b8928c7b08d98d7cf3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3925,6 +3954,12 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c61d927d8da41da96a81f029489353e68739737d3beca43145c8afec9a31a84f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "622a1962a7db830d6fd0a69683c80a18fda201879f0f447f065a3b7467daa241"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3937,6 +3972,12 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "44d840b6ec649f480a41c8d80f9c65108b92d89345dd94027bfe06ac444d1060"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4542c6e364ce21bf45d69fdd2a8e455fa38d316158cfd43b3ac1c5b1b19f8e00"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3949,12 +3990,24 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ca2b8a661f7628cbd23440e50b05d705db3686f894fc9580820623656af974b1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7896dbc1f41e08872e9d5e8f8baa8fdd2677f29468c4e156210174edc7f7b953"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.33.0"
@@ -3967,11 +4020,17 @@ version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.48.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a515f5799fe4961cb532f983ce2b23082366b898e52ffbce459c86f67c8378a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.3.5"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee7b2c67f962bf5042bfd8b6a916178df33a26eec343ae064cb8e069f638fa6f"
+checksum = "ae8970b36c66498d8ff1d66685dc86b91b29db0c7739899012f63a63814b4b28"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -3993,21 +4052,20 @@ checksum = "85e60b0d1b5f99db2556934e21937020776a5d31520bf169e851ac44e6420214"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize"
-version = "1.5.7"
+version = "1.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c394b5bd0c6f669e7275d9c20aa90ae064cb22e75a1cad54e1b34088034b149f"
+checksum = "2a0956f1ba7c7909bfb66c2e9e4124ab6f6482560f6628b5aaeba39207c9aad9"
 dependencies = [
  "zeroize_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zeroize_derive"
-version = "1.3.3"
+version = "1.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "44bf07cb3e50ea2003396695d58bf46bc9887a1f362260446fad6bc4e79bd36c"
+checksum = "ce36e65b0d2999d2aafac989fb249189a141aee1f53c612c1f37d72631959f69"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
- "synstructure",
+ "syn 2.0.15",
 ]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 26eec846ef9..897f27f85fe 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ edition = "2021"
 rust-version = "1.66"
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-acvm = "0.9.0"
+# acvm = "0.9.0"
+acvm = { features = ["bn254"], git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/acvm.git", branch = "mv/verify_proof" }
+# acvm = { features = ["bn254"], path = "/Users/maximvezenov/Documents/dev/noir-lang/acvm/acvm" }
 arena = { path = "crates/arena" }
 fm = { path = "crates/fm" }
 iter-extended = { path = "crates/iter-extended" }
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/ops/execute.rs b/crates/nargo/src/ops/execute.rs
index eb82df60d41..e4c8a5afbb5 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/ops/execute.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/ops/execute.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-use acvm::PartialWitnessGenerator;
 use acvm::{acir::circuit::Circuit, pwg::block::Blocks};
+use acvm::{PartialWitnessGenerator, PartialWitnessGeneratorStatus};
 use noirc_abi::WitnessMap;
 
 use crate::NargoError;
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ pub fn execute_circuit(
     mut initial_witness: WitnessMap,
 ) -> Result<WitnessMap, NargoError> {
     let mut blocks = Blocks::default();
-    let (unresolved_opcodes, oracles) =
-        backend.solve(&mut initial_witness, &mut blocks, circuit.opcodes)?;
-    if !unresolved_opcodes.is_empty() || !oracles.is_empty() {
+    let solver_status = backend.solve(&mut initial_witness, &mut blocks, circuit.opcodes)?;
+    if matches!(solver_status, PartialWitnessGeneratorStatus::RequiresOracleData { .. }) {
         todo!("Add oracle support to nargo execute")
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/ops/mod.rs b/crates/nargo/src/ops/mod.rs
index 5d1f096ecf4..83b10a32a80 100644
--- a/crates/nargo/src/ops/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/ops/mod.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ pub use self::execute::execute_circuit;
 pub use self::preprocess::{preprocess_contract, preprocess_program};
 pub use self::prove::prove_execution;
 pub use self::verify::verify_proof;
+pub use self::recursion::{proof_as_fields, vk_as_fields};
 
 mod codegen_verifier;
 mod execute;
 mod preprocess;
 mod prove;
 mod verify;
+mod recursion;
diff --git a/crates/nargo/src/ops/recursion.rs b/crates/nargo/src/ops/recursion.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc1827c8f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nargo/src/ops/recursion.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use acvm::{ProofSystemCompiler, FieldElement};
+use noirc_abi::WitnessMap;
+
+use crate::NargoError;
+
+pub fn proof_as_fields(
+    backend: &impl ProofSystemCompiler,
+    proof: &[u8],
+    public_inputs: WitnessMap,
+) -> Result<Vec<FieldElement>, NargoError> {
+    let proof_as_fields = backend.proof_as_fields(proof, public_inputs);
+    
+    Ok(proof_as_fields)
+}
+
+pub fn vk_as_fields(
+    backend: &impl ProofSystemCompiler,
+    verification_key: &[u8],
+) -> Result<(Vec<FieldElement>, FieldElement), NargoError> {
+    let (vk_as_fields, vk_hash) = backend.vk_as_fields(verification_key);
+    
+    Ok((vk_as_fields, vk_hash))
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/Cargo.toml b/crates/nargo_cli/Cargo.toml
index 40ab4b92459..ba8d189502b 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ termcolor = "1.1.2"
 color-eyre = "0.6.2"
 
 # Backends
-aztec_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_static_lib", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45" }
-aztec_wasm_backend = { optional = true, package = "barretenberg_wasm", git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", rev = "e3d4504f15e1295e637c4da80b1d08c87c267c45" }
+# acvm-backend-barretenberg = { git = "https://github.com/noir-lang/aztec_backend", branch = "mv/recursion", default-features=false }
+acvm-backend-barretenberg = { path = "/Users/maximvezenov/Documents/dev/noir-lang/aztec_backend", default-features=false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempdir = "0.3.7"
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ predicates = "2.1.5"
 [features]
 default = ["plonk_bn254"]
 # The plonk backend can only use bn254, so we do not specify the field
-plonk_bn254 = ["aztec_backend"]
-plonk_bn254_wasm = ["aztec_wasm_backend"]
+plonk_bn254 = ["acvm-backend-barretenberg/native"]
+plonk_bn254_wasm = ["acvm-backend-barretenberg/wasm"]
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/backends.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/backends.rs
index e1113279f80..bbec5c99006 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/backends.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/backends.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,8 @@
-cfg_if::cfg_if! {
-    if #[cfg(feature = "plonk_bn254")] {
-        pub(crate) use aztec_backend::Plonk as ConcreteBackend;
-    } else if #[cfg(feature = "plonk_bn254_wasm")] {
-        pub(crate) use aztec_wasm_backend::Plonk as ConcreteBackend;
-    } else {
-        compile_error!("please specify a backend to compile with");
-    }
-}
+pub(crate) use acvm_backend_barretenberg::Barretenberg as ConcreteBackend;
+
+#[cfg(not(any(feature = "plonk_bn254", feature = "plonk_bn254_wasm")))]
+compile_error!("please specify a backend to compile with");
 
-// As we have 3 feature flags we must test all 3 potential pairings to ensure they're mutually exclusive.
 #[cfg(all(feature = "plonk_bn254", feature = "plonk_bn254_wasm"))]
 compile_error!(
     "feature \"plonk_bn254\"  and feature \"plonk_bn254_wasm\" cannot be enabled at the same time"
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/check_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/check_cmd.rs
index 557093444a1..3049c830def 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/check_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/check_cmd.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run(args: CheckCommand, config: NargoConfig) -> Result<(), CliErro
 }
 
 fn check_from_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(p: P, compile_options: &CompileOptions) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let mut driver = Resolver::resolve_root_manifest(p.as_ref(), backend.np_language())?;
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/codegen_verifier_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/codegen_verifier_cmd.rs
index 319a5722708..f23502a15b5 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/codegen_verifier_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/codegen_verifier_cmd.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CodegenVerifierCommand {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn run(args: CodegenVerifierCommand, config: NargoConfig) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     // TODO(#1201): Should this be a utility function?
     let circuit_build_path = args
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
index 50c21486385..78b52003166 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/compile_cmd.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) struct CompileCommand {
 pub(crate) fn run(args: CompileCommand, config: NargoConfig) -> Result<(), CliError> {
     let circuit_dir = config.program_dir.join(TARGET_DIR);
 
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     // If contracts is set we're compiling every function in a 'contract' rather than just 'main'.
     if args.contracts {
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/execute_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/execute_cmd.rs
index 9d1429bbda7..adeefc860a5 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/execute_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/execute_cmd.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn execute_with_path(
     program_dir: &Path,
     compile_options: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(Option<InputValue>, WitnessMap), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let compiled_program = compile_circuit(&backend, program_dir, compile_options)?;
 
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
index a5093b4d775..9fe9f5c7a53 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/gates_cmd.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn count_gates_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     program_dir: P,
     compile_options: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let compiled_program = compile_circuit(&backend, program_dir.as_ref(), compile_options)?;
     let num_opcodes = compiled_program.circuit.opcodes.len();
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/mod.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/mod.rs
index 2bb92925e59..b90c90225cb 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/mod.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ mod print_acir_cmd;
 mod prove_cmd;
 mod test_cmd;
 mod verify_cmd;
+mod recursion_cmd;
 
 const GIT_HASH: &str = env!("GIT_COMMIT");
 const IS_DIRTY: &str = env!("GIT_DIRTY");
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ enum NargoCommand {
     Test(test_cmd::TestCommand),
     Gates(gates_cmd::GatesCommand),
     PrintAcir(print_acir_cmd::PrintAcirCommand),
+    Recursion(recursion_cmd::RecursionCommand),
 }
 
 pub fn start_cli() -> eyre::Result<()> {
@@ -79,6 +81,7 @@ pub fn start_cli() -> eyre::Result<()> {
         NargoCommand::Gates(args) => gates_cmd::run(args, config),
         NargoCommand::CodegenVerifier(args) => codegen_verifier_cmd::run(args, config),
         NargoCommand::PrintAcir(args) => print_acir_cmd::run(args, config),
+        NargoCommand::Recursion(args) => recursion_cmd::run(args, config),
     }?;
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/print_acir_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/print_acir_cmd.rs
index 589cc490f40..38b841121bc 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/print_acir_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/print_acir_cmd.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn print_acir_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     program_dir: P,
     compile_options: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let compiled_program = compile_circuit(&backend, program_dir.as_ref(), compile_options)?;
     println!("{}", compiled_program.circuit);
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
index fd60f004e2b..1698da2d3a0 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/prove_cmd.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ pub(crate) struct ProveCommand {
     #[arg(short, long)]
     verify: bool,
 
+    /// Whether to generate this proof using the recursive prover
+    #[arg(short, long)]
+    recursive: bool,
+
     #[clap(flatten)]
     compile_options: CompileOptions,
 }
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ pub(crate) fn prove_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     check_proof: bool,
     compile_options: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<Option<PathBuf>, CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let preprocessed_program = match circuit_build_path {
         Some(circuit_build_path) => read_program_from_file(circuit_build_path)?,
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/recursion_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/recursion_cmd.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f51f4a2cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/recursion_cmd.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+use std::{path::{PathBuf, Path}, collections::BTreeMap};
+
+use crate::{
+    errors::CliError,
+    constants::{PROOFS_DIR, TARGET_DIR, VERIFIER_INPUT_FILE, PROOF_EXT}
+};
+
+use clap::Args;
+use nargo::ops::{proof_as_fields, vk_as_fields};
+use noirc_abi::input_parser::{Format, InputValue};
+use super::{NargoConfig, fs::{program::read_program_from_file, inputs::{read_inputs_from_file, write_inputs_to_file}, load_hex_data, create_named_dir}, compile_cmd::compile_circuit};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Args)]
+pub(crate) struct RecursionCommand {
+    /// The name of the proof
+    proof_name: String,
+
+    /// The name of the circuit build fiels (ACIR, proving and verification key)
+    circuit_name: String,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn run(args: RecursionCommand, config: NargoConfig) -> Result<(), CliError> {
+    let proof_path = config.program_dir.join(PROOFS_DIR).join(&args.proof_name).with_extension(PROOF_EXT);
+
+    let target_dir = config.program_dir.join(TARGET_DIR);
+
+    let circuit_build_path = target_dir.join(&args.circuit_name);
+
+    let recursion_artifacts_path = target_dir.join("recursion");
+    create_named_dir(recursion_artifacts_path.as_ref(), "recursion");
+
+    gen_recursion_artifacts_with_path(config.program_dir, proof_path, circuit_build_path, recursion_artifacts_path, args.circuit_name)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn gen_recursion_artifacts_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    program_dir: P,
+    proof_path: PathBuf,
+    circuit_build_path: P,
+    recursion_artifacts_path: P,
+    circuit_name: String,
+) -> Result<(), CliError> {
+    // TODO: do we want circuit's to be optional? If the circuit has not changed
+    // the verification key will be the same, but the proof generated could potentially be generated by a different circuit
+    // let preprocessed_program = match circuit_build_path {
+    //     Some(circuit_build_path) => read_program_from_file(circuit_build_path)?,
+    //     None => {
+    //         let compiled_program =
+    //             compile_circuit(&backend, program_dir.as_ref(), compile_options)?;
+    //         preprocess_program(&backend, compiled_program)?
+    //     }
+    // };
+
+    let preprocessed_program = read_program_from_file(&circuit_build_path)?;
+
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
+
+    let public_abi = preprocessed_program.abi.clone().public_abi();
+    let (public_inputs_map, return_value) =
+        read_inputs_from_file(program_dir, VERIFIER_INPUT_FILE, Format::Toml, &public_abi)?;
+    let public_inputs = public_abi.encode(&public_inputs_map, return_value)?;
+
+    let proof = &load_hex_data(&proof_path)?;
+
+    let proof_fields = proof_as_fields(&backend, proof, public_inputs)?;
+    
+    let mut recursion_artifacts_map = BTreeMap::new();
+    recursion_artifacts_map.insert("proof".to_owned(), InputValue::Vec(proof_fields));
+
+    let (vk_fields, vk_hash) = vk_as_fields(&backend, &preprocessed_program.verification_key)?;
+    recursion_artifacts_map.insert("verification_key".to_owned(), InputValue::Vec(vk_fields));
+    recursion_artifacts_map.insert("key_hash".to_owned(), InputValue::Field(vk_hash));
+
+    write_inputs_to_file(&recursion_artifacts_map, &None, recursion_artifacts_path, &circuit_name, Format::Toml)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/test_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/test_cmd.rs
index d168e6c39ca..65f8265a862 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/test_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/test_cmd.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fn run_tests(
     test_name: &str,
     compile_options: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let mut driver = Resolver::resolve_root_manifest(program_dir, backend.np_language())?;
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn run_test(
     driver: &Driver,
     config: &CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let program = driver
         .compile_no_check(config, main)
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
index cf2e4859091..07b7e351ee9 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/src/cli/verify_cmd.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ fn verify_with_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(
     circuit_build_path: Option<P>,
     compile_options: CompileOptions,
 ) -> Result<(), CliError> {
-    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend;
+    let backend = crate::backends::ConcreteBackend::default();
 
     let preprocessed_program = match circuit_build_path {
         Some(circuit_build_path) => read_program_from_file(circuit_build_path)?,
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/hello_world.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/hello_world.rs
index 121f09f0ece..52b8c12f7b9 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/hello_world.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/hello_world.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@
 //! It then follows the steps published at https://noir-lang.org/getting_started/hello_world.html
 //! Any modifications to the commands run here MUST be documented in the noir-lang book.
 
+mod prove_and_verify;
+
+use acvm::FieldElement;
 use assert_cmd::prelude::*;
+use noirc_abi::input_parser::{Format, InputValue};
 use predicates::prelude::*;
-use std::process::Command;
+use std::{process::Command, collections::BTreeMap, fs::File, io::Write};
+use tempdir::TempDir;
+
+use prove_and_verify::copy_recursively;
 
 use assert_fs::prelude::{FileWriteStr, PathAssert, PathChild};
 
@@ -54,3 +61,88 @@ fn hello_world_example() {
     cmd.arg("verify").arg(proof_name);
     cmd.assert().success();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn recursive_proof_composition() {
+    let current_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap();
+
+    let xor_dir = current_dir.join("tests/test_data/xor");
+    let recursion_dir = current_dir.join("tests/test_data/recursion");
+
+    let tmp_dir = TempDir::new("recursion_tests").unwrap();
+    let tmp_xor_dir = tmp_dir.as_ref().join("xor");
+    let tmp_recursion_dir = tmp_dir.as_ref().join("recursion");
+
+    copy_recursively(xor_dir, &tmp_xor_dir)
+        .expect("failed to copy test cases to temp directory");
+
+    copy_recursively(recursion_dir, &tmp_recursion_dir)
+        .expect("failed to copy test cases to temp directory");
+
+    std::env::set_current_dir(&tmp_xor_dir).unwrap();
+
+    // `nargo check`
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("check");
+    cmd.assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("Constraint system successfully built!"));
+
+    let circuit_name = "c";
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("compile").arg(circuit_name);
+    cmd.assert().success();
+
+    let proof_name = "p";
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("prove").arg(proof_name).arg(circuit_name);
+    cmd.assert().success();
+
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("recursion").arg(proof_name).arg(circuit_name);
+    cmd.assert().success();
+
+    let recursion_artifacts_path = tmp_xor_dir.join("target/recursion").join(format!("{circuit_name}.toml"));
+
+    let recursion_artifacts_string = std::fs::read_to_string(recursion_artifacts_path).unwrap();
+
+    let mut recursion_circuit_inputs_map = BTreeMap::new();
+    recursion_circuit_inputs_map.insert("public_input".to_owned(), InputValue::Field(FieldElement::from_hex("0x0a").unwrap()));
+
+    let input_aggregation_object = [FieldElement::zero(); 16].to_vec();
+    recursion_circuit_inputs_map.insert("input_aggregation_object".to_owned(), InputValue::Vec(input_aggregation_object));
+
+    let additional_inputs = Format::Toml.serialize(&recursion_circuit_inputs_map).unwrap();
+    let full_recursion_prover_inputs = recursion_artifacts_string + "\n" + &additional_inputs;
+
+    let recursion_prover_file_path = tmp_recursion_dir.join("Prover").with_extension("toml");
+    let mut recursion_prover_file = match File::create(recursion_prover_file_path) {
+        Err(why) => panic!("couldn't create recursion Prover.toml: {why}"),
+        Ok(file) => file,
+    };
+    match recursion_prover_file.write_all(full_recursion_prover_inputs.as_bytes()) {
+        Err(why) => panic!("couldn't write to recursion Prover.toml: {why}"),
+        Ok(_) => (),
+    }
+
+    std::env::set_current_dir(&tmp_recursion_dir).unwrap();
+
+    // `nargo check`
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("check");
+    cmd.assert()
+        .success()
+        .stdout(predicate::str::contains("Constraint system successfully built!"));
+
+    // `nargo prove p`
+    let proof_name = "p";
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("prove").arg(proof_name);
+    cmd.assert().success();
+
+    // `nargo verify p`
+    let mut cmd = Command::cargo_bin("nargo").unwrap();
+    cmd.arg("verify").arg(proof_name);
+    cmd.assert().success();
+
+}
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/prove_and_verify.rs b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/prove_and_verify.rs
index 070db6d8ce8..60910bdc9ed 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/prove_and_verify.rs
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/prove_and_verify.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,26 @@
 use tempdir::TempDir;
 
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-use std::fs;
+use std::fs::{self, DirEntry};
+use std::path::Path;
+
+/// Copy files from source to destination recursively.
+pub fn copy_recursively(
+    source: impl AsRef<Path>,
+    destination: impl AsRef<Path>,
+) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    fs::create_dir_all(&destination)?;
+    for entry in fs::read_dir(&source)? {
+        let entry = entry?;
+        let filetype = entry.file_type()?;
+        if filetype.is_dir() {
+            copy_recursively(entry.path(), destination.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
+        } else {
+            fs::copy(entry.path(), destination.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
 
 mod tests {
     use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -27,24 +46,6 @@ mod tests {
         conf_data
     }
 
-    /// Copy files from source to destination recursively.
-    pub fn copy_recursively(
-        source: impl AsRef<Path>,
-        destination: impl AsRef<Path>,
-    ) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-        fs::create_dir_all(&destination)?;
-        for entry in fs::read_dir(source)? {
-            let entry = entry?;
-            let filetype = entry.file_type()?;
-            if filetype.is_dir() {
-                copy_recursively(entry.path(), destination.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
-            } else {
-                fs::copy(entry.path(), destination.as_ref().join(entry.file_name()))?;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn noir_integration() {
         // Try to find the directory that Cargo sets when it is running; otherwise fallback to assuming the CWD
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/merkle_insert/src/main.nr b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/merkle_insert/src/main.nr
index 9d612977fa8..3ab4efb64c0 100644
--- a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/merkle_insert/src/main.nr
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/merkle_insert/src/main.nr
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ fn main(
     let old_leaf_exists = std::merkle::check_membership(old_root, old_leaf, index, old_hash_path);
     constrain old_leaf_exists == 1;
     constrain old_root == std::merkle::compute_root_from_leaf(old_leaf, index, old_hash_path);
-    let new_leaf_exists = std::merkle::check_membership(new_root, leaf, index, old_hash_path);
-    constrain new_leaf_exists == 1;
+    let calculated_root = std::merkle::compute_merkle_root(leaf, index, old_hash_path);
+    constrain new_root == calculated_root;
 
     let h = std::hash::mimc_bn254(mimc_input);
     // Regression test for PR #891
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Nargo.toml b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Nargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65ab14da16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Nargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[package]
+authors = [""]
+compiler_version = "0.4.1"
+
+[dependencies]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Prover.toml b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Prover.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4a39740bdfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/Prover.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
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+
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"0x000000000000000000000000000000000029e43ebaf8f62f50d4b355a5fcc922", "0x000000000000000000000000000000d56d91e5ba6a69bd196ec92ab0bea93647", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000148f46afa46543255a81914c5279e1", "0x000000000000000000000000000000ee5f9749910d8a63b33bb369c834a500bf", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001011e1e2d76750fbcceebaf2157840", "0x00000000000000000000000000000036268dff2bc112ecc0322c88579390e0b3", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001ad5728e6bf12a82af01eeb1487802", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b6c4596b778ab2404672e07fa0ac19ec86", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000027d448a20e433003295d074b0f0e0", "0x00000000000000000000000000000018c4347708e93a0e2fc7f190cebc6fe036", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000002d5c3527dde0816ee1836500a5d420", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b33906cbc4e9badec6bd61f0b100df45b8", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000002c7513e6507493550d40bfac85e933", "0x0000000000000000000000000000004e3aae0b73031a38513038218da180cab7", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000060debf0c1bbb74e4ddbf554f8b5d3", "0x0000000000000000000000000000006efb6cb32ce7e61243d2ed91f223bdb20d", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000020de0c23d10cd268a17fc641a024e2", "0x000000000000000000000000000000db92550b30be7d5a944d42d1526f970800", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000002b2891ff35b817850407610ce864", "0x0000000000000000000000000000008ab82ffe538b09d1b30ae1045af6d9ece4", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001ce120441dae2f06f06b5f1b7f0571", "0x00000000000000000000000000000012306dfba880f78fdcfd198e287df3dd00", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000115ff991e4ecec23a5f363517f9fec", "0x000000000000000000000000000000c156a25d190e4a010a18b8185ef311bfc2", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000067625706cdd46fced6af42e57aa31", "0x000000000000000000000000000000ebf11762356fedebd5c414875b778d08bc", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000ee3f392c42f0cf2ef31a24211dc04", "0x00000000000000000000000000000073c2e8b17c897a26a491dae2e84031c2c7", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000074f13ce4cd700a6e96ad5beb82459", "0x0000000000000000000000000000005ec1a9ddf3c2a0339a2cc1af9d4c554d04", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000501957be5a070a890e03df0335cb5", "0x180f9ffb422a88f9e94ac05aee10e44dc93ff6dbc500075f0faf74895021e0df", "0x2b94b3f53b48e388fa3d4993177a0fc1660b22a6702b88b8b72909ddb6f615dc", "0x253c56360f9bb22d07c70c53862b4711448aab506c2e3e31fad128690cbbec5a", "0x018b802461f551a53b4b7fd18f5a4a760bd1df9985d3d471b29d261527b00e62", "0x288de370d960235736d4eb9f7e7818ba138d0b7cd49d8dc918de0538f012d96c", "0x2764ef9c90cab3673c0772887397b4b7c04d79d5b9731fd5c7d82ef62cbf9a1f", "0x0712ff6793ebb0b0668944d581a14d1737d859b12331268513d4074dbca6149f", "0x2c9d3f3257f167c8c6e5d4a1c72538c270960b48608ad5cf0d1e1b8d93c94d08", "0x20f3f943daa1d0f0ddd93fa755e8600abe8a9ad70fc9cb506c959d48088c0d85", "0x11ecad3379384fad7b73325820ca4f41dff8cbb4d2c0df6d20406dc7bd5174a0", "0x0fd924cb4584b3f6df037cdd6a2c26673582e19e8431ea740e89764000602f11", "0x21d3137bf8c81d05280afd4721798d86c8bac4efac0a2cc6a8ecebaf37af0bc7", "0x2455e7d6be911a29a32ecc3c82715427f5aff400642b16aa4f39f53e411e7602", "0x072bd713f54a2ef55f36ef168b2bdc70965e872e001be321205117be7017724e", "0x0c1f64a0e7a3e08560b43c72325d3a64b26289aff1d84570672f0a94389a6a10", "0x270063ac9000cc565d0728b2e5b1de213d3d508e7e91be481ab9a332c8340a33", "0x25f5499686fb5f77c4a9b3b27f0c97a8cdcc95080d5471954f0a7d99c3c80b55", "0x26820d37b4c651c5d2fa5bc38b0bda4ab5328ebbb73ba78a9a17dc52e0bd3409", "0x0576c995eb08940dbb447e9c984a0da18d062cfad767d6859d683503fe13d0e0", "0x143c44dbccb1dc104d924db44f8d25c9df921399417338ab9f8c64bf4b4f444e", "0x0b5a48b1162c1e346802ab38dfb7b6fa071552170ff097a1df815875cf38491b", "0x1798a9c7d32e392207030330c45c950d61ea9dd9ca70a07cd7d6bfdff617760d", "0x28c912e5129036cb39172d8e8b6833ee7417fed70776535408d9184d5ec3d9b3", "0x2d3e00aea2f0f6107d40e8719b8d0ee62ec41de4ae824b61f05e79437fbf9f90", "0x20bdc72859e03f1ecad66ab07dd2374ea098eb67d721f217549ec19cadac10ff", "0x012205502e172b2ee14b2b8329802628c82fca888b226fb8647aa5710aa650e4", "0x1cc0a2c97dd57937d142a29f0321c23feec6b2c42dae8d2673e7727a3e59da9d", "0x22821946637280bcfe3cdc68f6199285d5984c964fbf507c061e1e735a6dde0f", "0x24485e955fface253303598088fab224b656815d2ab9b9cfed25858e4513b049", "0x11785ca28b175f273428f9e3e88e0749f9a79e8313e2ab18aab7133e9e498d3d", "0x158d4815958ec5b62815984596965bd035bbae0b9ab43bf27c909a6870c536d5", "0x06a090e3c4e140f005709a1ec2c4578f4eb527eec59ad764317c0d423eb774f4", "0x2c0a940acdb1f4849c10f8265711614f09ae2a3f64d4a625799a0c3bc2932a90", "0x246eed25c919832279df0bb2366520ab038c81e3d186289b37113bbc648f8826", "0x298865d048017afb0b28604eaf33d24ffaacc547bc1d5b0c925b472437309026", "0x0a13dc472f0cd5477e1a8bab96b97da23c8f715d28c40bb71e01594893a67037", "0x07d5694314a48513013c684661e39f9f5fe3ed5ab7284299bdfe12d062118c8b", "0x1d560f2cb22815b9afa3c3a15143f5fe1d14275b0c2fe34b2b3b4c5ab329c095", "0x1389a993e59ba69c0b94170a45b17811ac4945d66fa31576b7a4130ace04dc0a", "0x074a6bcf69542eb84d2e3bb67004391650e339b683cc067aadfeb9d1830b58c6", "0x2a911a141086ae4909d39f3b770e834b14e90e74a56ce19e94c444eda43b3d6b", "0x000000000000000000000000000000354c43d822f8540138390c7e7a74ff3684", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001cea2728d37fe22cb1ed06226a1316", "0x0000000000000000000000000000004f0792a24b610e27065dce8c964fa83d45", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000171b5ca5c86e0c1fe785b20a09b8ba", "0x00000000000000000000000000000020cb95424c60c1be50aaf3b12500c7045e", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000002b6cedbf9ee921c34d9181dec84410", "0x0000000000000000000000000000003f34c36812654767666c9c59339b0b790e", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000014d9d9a27f8cd1add117b834c3422e"]
+verification_key = ["0x006fab49b869ae62001deac878b2667bd31bf3e28e3a2d764aa49b8d9bbdd310", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "0x0000000000000000000000000000003404be1595e5504cc605ac8ef3860aa700", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000018f7f7038aa55c168070e5fa71c711", "0x0000000000000000000000000000007737623180d6db14eedd88a292c32a66ed", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000002cb868dc42d2272ed05cea780a3b2", "0x0000000000000000000000000000002f60152775671437b19a6605a23ab2450d", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000094f46605db7eaebc318a1d6eb0a13", "0x000000000000000000000000000000576808b58acd54b5177b3c99d034bb9dba", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000026b9a55104cb174c15dcbf67fc20a0", "0x000000000000000000000000000000771e7c3d88f1a9363e1c19c8350c85e3cd", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000011b26f3ec083ed471c710105af3cd", "0x0000000000000000000000000000001719c7ef326dc9b65b7404014c0a192149", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001c448abfcf36e5020a79c88d61ebbc", "0x00000000000000000000000000000085da19557d2c1954f8e4b50c8f9f416cb8", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000028f437ec8d2a42df2a711764ce675a", "0x00000000000000000000000000000053eebb686a574202f7a6e7056dac4e6a04", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000a30a2af6d9faaf84d75107090fbb8", "0x000000000000000000000000000000a5c526253b5d7fe5bc03090f882512cf51", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001264282b9bdf8043ad67c553d11486", "0x000000000000000000000000000000892d49bcae8a30f909f5e27198818422ef", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000044c1cf862883cc720de3bf1a65158", "0x00000000000000000000000000000063bb9b6be191ad0333a01860021474652e", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000021d4a4fbf4255ec22363c0e67fddcd", "0x00000000000000000000000000000031df120c8c2cdaa1deced300e262a41a59", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000127f2963c9cc3e46c9b2a81f010566", "0x00000000000000000000000000000055b3eb94ad7db1cebf2493787119372bf2", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000125ef4e2acb74a4d7e1746b1cb3556", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b6e69abc23cbd3ea2b7e0ac8e44f500473", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000012a37dea2c03430ee09cfaf0dab3b7", "0x00000000000000000000000000000091c4b58c9466db7519e549de29653f7e08", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000005da324c9f8c5928b073bd5d3d4b0f", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b6cc35b21df59fb4e2a36cefe98fe936c4", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000135878d2105778eaba1a0023a84035", "0x000000000000000000000000000000e648cd91b86f4b17f30e4e62110f41f410", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001c354c314e59ad314b5388a1feb73d", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b06b91150e48b16fa9a3d52188b430447f", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000018b19ba5b1ef0342f198ff0ef41bab", "0x000000000000000000000000000000cc6b57ed37a72741fd60d4a9c9de019013", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000012343e6875fb97c8dd7ba0515caa0b", "0x000000000000000000000000000000a7e527a7eb6b1ae11fe00e4c5277f9a685", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000029ff8300c511064acecd1f509280e", "0x000000000000000000000000000000eb82b47185154284553789f289db5818b6", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001016abd0ae2334d050428e797067df", "0x000000000000000000000000000000fc433da4e3998d5adde582a6df90efffd3", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000020d603d61b3c2e0779dfdacf85432c", "0x00000000000000000000000000000038bf08fd657ed34b579855216db4c51e0e", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001362b7a10dfb405d68f831ba5b1f1e", "0x00000000000000000000000000000018511419fe4ece0a80041eee0eb05974bd", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001d13a06c7ac45280962393773ded47", "0x0000000000000000000000000000002dce77d4a83bda0ed9e93f8c382a9a1a83", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000223d882d759fc08bac197c0c0b4a0c", "0x000000000000000000000000000000e797720f53bf212d66d2b15866404d04dd", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001f7a89c97f3459327900e148f7c021", "0x00000000000000000000000000000095cf09e567947e95b25161db1a6493a63e", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001ca18c9d8bd644fc8080ddcf840839", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b65e49b9800ebf970b5d5810cca03feb48", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000791f68e28d22fabb3f7c95b2872c3", "0x000000000000000000000000000000031738dc11c806fc626e06f3c528f261d1", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000004058b5c321f1d0de7302f994ef5b0", "0x000000000000000000000000000000e6e99bd35fbcabda70289996fea3a93011", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000db7c40d801d2e7eac001a5673c3cd", "0x0000000000000000000000000000004994438a00d1ab228927f908ccfcf2ed3d", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000237c83789d39d8459848d87929a49e", "0x0000000000000000000000000000008725eb45c8e1888226f2bcc036e0d6a698", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000009d3b1fef691b49a440d6a0ad2be80", "0x0000000000000000000000000000004ad874e52a05928aa2b170cc2b63c274ef", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000010c9d5ae2475ab1b23571f638477ca", "0x000000000000000000000000000000c690acbf94666d3cdb1700cf7aad52ad26", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000eb136ae272592f98cc23b90dd9b9e", "0x0000000000000000000000000000006dfe9ae4650c42e2d748c4a41f31ef3f79", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000002cc60738774946a2165785da782965", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b372175007e1d700a6c6dccf7725a68cf4", "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000055b0ef271f117387a3e661982046e", "0x00000000000000000000000000000030c29017ffa425c6869ff399db0e9adb6d", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000029379efcf5b36e94fa459fcf11803e", "0x000000000000000000000000000000bed1592b719b28e44dc87b6ad1884f642c", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000d0037fb7889608353203ef391d7a1", "0x00000000000000000000000000000021a91fa2bd116913d763836e62dbb9957f", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000029cc2825f5f92281f1c7a3df846304", "0x000000000000000000000000000000e4a765d9dccfd5af2cc8d69af2ece343a3", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001242a3f2f4fec5433e22394c4541b1", "0x000000000000000000000000000000f9992678a973b8fb38c824d0c9a6d14010", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000001a146c1b754ee0eb69e6895b7dd9bf", "0x000000000000000000000000000000c2fc1876673fbae3031dc825559b61f6dc", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000002d45c6df9b1a2d830fb34f1519341e", "0x0000000000000000000000000000007a72745061f1f059046fd03f84564e5d7a", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000012592c8f38051aaf92a955aa17ae75", "0x000000000000000000000000000000081c6ba09203e3e0d874f8bc31e6a0ec40", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000cdbf1a771f6eb78964a939acddeb9", "0x000000000000000000000000000000b66e472a0cfd42cc6313ec34ff6882e4dc", "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000ebaed1a9a0773ce3a62637ea9d53a", "0x000000000000000000000000000000d2a2bfd3e7ac5860e62f2495a5e792d513", "0x000000000000000000000000000000000022ab28abcec226916d0c7258ba9d2d"]
+key_hash = "0x2b6e74a005fa5dd61ae599dc14f53bdf2b0643a8ebd005ab63a99e145cc81ed4"
diff --git a/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/src/main.nr b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/src/main.nr
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9fd4e2e9f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/nargo_cli/tests/test_data/recursion/src/main.nr
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use dep::std;
+
+fn main(
+    verification_key : [Field; 114], 
+    proof : [Field; 94], 
+    public_input : Field, 
+    key_hash : Field, 
+    input_aggregation_object : [Field; 16]
+) -> pub [Field; 16] {
+    let output_aggregation_object = std::verify_proof(
+        verification_key, 
+        proof, 
+        public_input, 
+        key_hash, 
+        input_aggregation_object
+    );
+
+    let mut output = [0; 16];
+    for i in 0..16 {
+        output[i] = output_aggregation_object[i];
+    }
+    output
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
index 64a02061b0f..438ada0167c 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/lib.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ impl Evaluator {
         let inter_var_witness = self.add_witness_to_cs();
 
         // Link that witness to the arithmetic gate
-        let constraint = &arithmetic_gate - &inter_var_witness;
+        let constraint = &arithmetic_gate - inter_var_witness;
         self.opcodes.push(AcirOpcode::Arithmetic(constraint));
         inter_var_witness
     }
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
index 8257e0c9f9a..11371dc54a6 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/constraints.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mul_with_witness(
     let a_arith;
     let a_arith = if !a.mul_terms.is_empty() && !b.is_const() {
         let a_witness = evaluator.create_intermediate_variable(a.clone());
-        a_arith = Expression::from(&a_witness);
+        a_arith = Expression::from(a_witness);
         &a_arith
     } else {
         a
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) fn mul_with_witness(
             a_arith
         } else {
             let b_witness = evaluator.create_intermediate_variable(b.clone());
-            b_arith = Expression::from(&b_witness);
+            b_arith = Expression::from(b_witness);
             &b_arith
         }
     } else {
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ pub(crate) fn mul_with_witness(
 //a*b
 pub(crate) fn mul(a: &Expression, b: &Expression) -> Expression {
     if a.is_const() {
-        return b * &a.q_c;
+        return b * a.q_c;
     } else if b.is_const() {
-        return a * &b.q_c;
+        return a * b.q_c;
     } else if !(a.is_linear() && b.is_linear()) {
         unreachable!("Can only multiply linear terms");
     }
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ pub(crate) fn subtract(a: &Expression, k: FieldElement, b: &Expression) -> Expre
 // TODO in either case, we can put this in ACIR, if its useful
 pub(crate) fn add(a: &Expression, k: FieldElement, b: &Expression) -> Expression {
     if a.is_const() {
-        return (b * &k) + &a.q_c;
+        return (b * k) + a.q_c;
     } else if b.is_const() {
-        return a.clone() + &(k * b.q_c);
+        return a.clone() + (k * b.q_c);
     }
 
     let mut output = Expression::from_field(a.q_c + k * b.q_c);
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate_truncate(
     if let Some(a_c) = lhs.to_const() {
         let mut a_big = BigUint::from_bytes_be(&a_c.to_be_bytes());
         a_big %= exp_big;
-        return Expression::from(&FieldElement::from_be_bytes_reduce(&a_big.to_bytes_be()));
+        return Expression::from(FieldElement::from_be_bytes_reduce(&a_big.to_bytes_be()));
     }
     let exp = FieldElement::from_be_bytes_reduce(&exp_big.to_bytes_be());
 
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate_truncate(
     let my_constraint = add(&res, -FieldElement::one(), lhs);
     evaluator.push_opcode(AcirOpcode::Arithmetic(my_constraint));
 
-    Expression::from(&b_witness)
+    Expression::from(b_witness)
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn evaluate_udiv(
@@ -552,8 +552,8 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate_udiv(
     //range check q<=a
     try_range_constraint(q_witness, bit_size, evaluator);
     // a-b*q-r = 0
-    let mut d = mul_with_witness(evaluator, rhs, &Expression::from(&q_witness));
-    d = add(&d, FieldElement::one(), &Expression::from(&r_witness));
+    let mut d = mul_with_witness(evaluator, rhs, &Expression::from(q_witness));
+    d = add(&d, FieldElement::one(), &Expression::from(r_witness));
     d = mul_with_witness(evaluator, &d, predicate);
     let div_euclidean = subtract(&pa, FieldElement::one(), &d);
 
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/internal_var.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/internal_var.rs
index 8e6e16776a9..27d6b0ec25b 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/internal_var.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/internal_var.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl InternalVar {
     /// Expression, this method is infallible.
     pub(crate) fn from_witness(witness: Witness) -> InternalVar {
         InternalVar {
-            expression: Expression::from(&witness),
+            expression: Expression::from(witness),
             cached_witness: Some(witness),
             id: None,
         }
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/binary.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/binary.rs
index bf1f59391f9..87280eb1fde 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/binary.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/binary.rs
@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate(
                     if r_value.is_zero() {
                         panic!("Panic - division by zero");
                     } else {
-                        (l_c.expression() * &r_value.inverse()).into()
+                        (l_c.expression() * r_value.inverse()).into()
                     }
                 } else {
                     //TODO avoid creating witnesses here.
                     let x_witness = acir_gen.var_cache.get_or_compute_witness(r_c, evaluator).expect("unexpected constant expression"); 
-                    let inverse = Expression::from(&constraints::evaluate_inverse(
+                    let inverse = Expression::from(constraints::evaluate_inverse(
                         x_witness, &predicate, evaluator,
                     ));
                     InternalVar::from(constraints::mul_with_witness(
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/bitwise.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/bitwise.rs
index 947cf93edd9..f8ca271835e 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/bitwise.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/bitwise.rs
@@ -155,9 +155,9 @@ pub(super) fn evaluate_bitwise(
         constraints::subtract(
             &Expression::from_field(max),
             FieldElement::one(),
-            &Expression::from(&result),
+            &Expression::from(result),
         )
     } else {
-        Expression::from(&result)
+        Expression::from(result)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/cmp.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/cmp.rs
index 4abd34f6e01..0f8091e2f6f 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/cmp.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/cmp.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub(super) fn evaluate_neq(
             .get_or_compute_witness(x, evaluator)
             .expect("unexpected constant expression");
 
-        return Expression::from(&constraints::evaluate_zero_equality(x_witness, evaluator));
+        return Expression::from(constraints::evaluate_zero_equality(x_witness, evaluator));
     }
 
     // Arriving here means that `lhs` and `rhs` are not Arrays
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ pub(super) fn evaluate_neq(
             .var_cache
             .get_or_compute_witness(x, evaluator)
             .expect("unexpected constant expression");
-        Expression::from(&constraints::evaluate_zero_equality(x_witness, evaluator))
+        Expression::from(constraints::evaluate_zero_equality(x_witness, evaluator))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/intrinsics.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/intrinsics.rs
index 7d6f7e2c32c..e69c30b1931 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/intrinsics.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/intrinsics.rs
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate(
         }
         Opcode::LowLevel(op) => {
             let inputs = prepare_inputs(acir_gen, args, ctx, evaluator);
-            let output_count = op.definition().output_size.0 as u32;
+
             outputs =
-                prepare_outputs(&mut acir_gen.memory, instruction_id, output_count, ctx, evaluator);
+                prepare_outputs_no_count(&mut acir_gen.memory, instruction_id, ctx, evaluator);
 
             let func_call = BlackBoxFuncCall {
                 name: op,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate(
             }
             outputs =
                 prepare_outputs(&mut acir_gen.memory, instruction_id, array.len, ctx, evaluator);
-            let out_expr: Vec<Expression> = outputs.iter().map(|w| w.into()).collect();
+            let out_expr: Vec<Expression> = outputs.iter().map(|w| (*w).into()).collect();
             for i in 0..(out_expr.len() - 1) {
                 bound_constraint_with_offset(
                     &out_expr[i],
@@ -235,6 +235,25 @@ fn prepare_outputs(
     outputs
 }
 
+fn prepare_outputs_no_count(
+    memory_map: &mut AcirMem,
+    pointer: NodeId,
+    ctx: &SsaContext,
+    evaluator: &mut Evaluator,
+) -> Vec<Witness> {
+    // Create fresh variables that will link to the output
+    let l_obj = ctx.try_get_node(pointer).unwrap();
+    if let node::ObjectType::ArrayPointer(a) = l_obj.get_type() {
+        let mem_array = &ctx.mem[a];
+        let output_nb = mem_array.len;
+        let outputs = vecmap(0..output_nb, |_| evaluator.add_witness_to_cs());
+        memory_map.map_array(a, &outputs, ctx);
+        outputs
+    } else {
+        vec![evaluator.add_witness_to_cs()]
+    }
+}
+
 fn evaluate_println(
     var_cache: &mut InternalVarCache,
     memory_map: &mut AcirMem,
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/not.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/not.rs
index ff8bb26f788..76ad7c93a88 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/not.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/not.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(crate) fn evaluate(
     let l_c = var_cache.get_or_compute_internal_var_unwrap(*value, evaluator, ctx);
     Some(
         constraints::subtract(
-            &Expression::from(&FieldElement::from(a)),
+            &Expression::from(FieldElement::from(a)),
             FieldElement::one(),
             l_c.expression(),
         )
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/sort.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/sort.rs
index 04524959fbe..ffcbf1ea7c0 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/sort.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/acir_gen/operations/sort.rs
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ mod test {
         acir::{circuit::opcodes::BlackBoxFuncCall, native_types::Witness},
         pwg::block::Blocks,
         FieldElement, OpcodeResolution, OpcodeResolutionError, PartialWitnessGenerator,
+        PartialWitnessGeneratorStatus,
     };
 
     use crate::{
@@ -180,10 +181,10 @@ mod test {
             // compute the network output by solving the constraints
             let backend = MockBackend {};
             let mut blocks = Blocks::default();
-            let (unresolved_opcodes, oracles) = backend
+            let solver_status = backend
                 .solve(&mut solved_witness, &mut blocks, eval.opcodes.clone())
                 .expect("Could not solve permutation constraints");
-            assert!(unresolved_opcodes.is_empty() && oracles.is_empty(), "Incomplete solution");
+            assert_eq!(solver_status, PartialWitnessGeneratorStatus::Solved, "Incomplete solution");
             let mut b_val = Vec::new();
             for i in 0..output.len() {
                 b_val.push(solved_witness[&b_wit[i]]);
diff --git a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
index 8248322c488..0ace5969d0c 100644
--- a/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
+++ b/crates/noirc_evaluator/src/ssa/builtin.rs
@@ -75,12 +75,13 @@ impl Opcode {
                     BlackBoxFunc::SHA256
                     | BlackBoxFunc::Blake2s
                     | BlackBoxFunc::Pedersen
-                    | BlackBoxFunc::FixedBaseScalarMul => BigUint::zero(),
+                    | BlackBoxFunc::FixedBaseScalarMul
+                    | BlackBoxFunc::VerifyProof => BigUint::zero(),
                     // Verify returns zero or one
-                    BlackBoxFunc::SchnorrVerify
-                    | BlackBoxFunc::EcdsaSecp256k1
-                    | BlackBoxFunc::MerkleMembership => BigUint::one(),
-                    BlackBoxFunc::HashToField128Security => ObjectType::native_field().max_size(),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::SchnorrVerify | BlackBoxFunc::EcdsaSecp256k1 => BigUint::one(),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::ComputeMerkleRoot | BlackBoxFunc::HashToField128Security => {
+                        ObjectType::native_field().max_size()
+                    }
                     BlackBoxFunc::AES => {
                         todo!("ICE: AES is unimplemented")
                     }
@@ -111,13 +112,16 @@ impl Opcode {
                     BlackBoxFunc::SHA256 | BlackBoxFunc::Blake2s => {
                         (32, ObjectType::unsigned_integer(8))
                     }
-                    BlackBoxFunc::HashToField128Security => (1, ObjectType::native_field()),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::ComputeMerkleRoot | BlackBoxFunc::HashToField128Security => {
+                        (1, ObjectType::native_field())
+                    }
                     // See issue #775 on changing this to return a boolean
-                    BlackBoxFunc::MerkleMembership
-                    | BlackBoxFunc::SchnorrVerify
-                    | BlackBoxFunc::EcdsaSecp256k1 => (1, ObjectType::native_field()),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::SchnorrVerify | BlackBoxFunc::EcdsaSecp256k1 => {
+                        (1, ObjectType::native_field())
+                    }
                     BlackBoxFunc::Pedersen => (2, ObjectType::native_field()),
                     BlackBoxFunc::FixedBaseScalarMul => (2, ObjectType::native_field()),
+                    BlackBoxFunc::VerifyProof => (16, ObjectType::native_field()),
                     BlackBoxFunc::RANGE | BlackBoxFunc::AND | BlackBoxFunc::XOR => {
                         unreachable!("ICE: these opcodes do not have Noir builtin functions")
                     }
diff --git a/examples_failing/ecdsa_secp256k1/src/main.nr b/examples_failing/ecdsa_secp256k1/src/main.nr
index 6ee7a98a89d..6919c2584cc 100644
--- a/examples_failing/ecdsa_secp256k1/src/main.nr
+++ b/examples_failing/ecdsa_secp256k1/src/main.nr
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use dep::std;
 // - Noir should be agnostic to backends, so even though
 // the only backend implemented does not work properly for this,
 // we can still implement it on the frontend.
-fn main(hashed_message : [32]u8, pub_key_x : [32]u8, pub_key_y : [32]u8, signature : [64]u8) {
+fn main(hashed_message : [u8; 32], pub_key_x : [u8; 32], pub_key_y : [u8; 32], signature : [u8; 64]) {
      // Is there ever a situation where someone would want 
      // to ensure that a signature was invalid?
      let x = std::ecdsa_secp256k1::verify_signature(pub_key_x,pub_key_y,signature, hashed_message);
diff --git a/flake.lock b/flake.lock
index 7c01326f86d..6a6aff10f73 100644
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1682345890,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ZsInK9Iy81MaCugouU3ifa5Vw2GKlJK9MxCU/LF8bIw=",
+        "lastModified": 1682626614,
+        "narHash": "sha256-TC535frlYLUTDZ2iHAtUtKpMJWngL1MFxzEXhOfeCo8=",
         "owner": "AztecProtocol",
         "repo": "barretenberg",
-        "rev": "87aeb375d7b434e0faf47abb79f97753ab760987",
+        "rev": "7b5598890c1fa4ee485a4a0015fcb23b5389392e",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
diff --git a/noir_stdlib/src/lib.nr b/noir_stdlib/src/lib.nr
index f0af06b97ba..870c799eb39 100644
--- a/noir_stdlib/src/lib.nr
+++ b/noir_stdlib/src/lib.nr
@@ -13,3 +13,7 @@ mod collections;
 
 #[builtin(println)]
 fn println<T>(_input : T) {}
+
+// TODO: have the compiler insert the key_hash and remove as param 
+#[foreign(verify_proof)]
+fn verify_proof(_verification_key : [Field], _proof : [Field], _public_input : Field, _key_hash : Field, _input_aggregation_object : [Field]) -> [Field] {}
diff --git a/noir_stdlib/src/merkle.nr b/noir_stdlib/src/merkle.nr
index 9f7c5d5b130..a47ce86c94b 100644
--- a/noir_stdlib/src/merkle.nr
+++ b/noir_stdlib/src/merkle.nr
@@ -5,16 +5,15 @@
 // and the hashpath proves this
 // Currently we assume that it is a binary tree, so depth k implies a width of 2^k
 // XXX: In the future we can add an arity parameter
-#[foreign(merkle_membership)]
-fn check_membership(_root : Field, _leaf : Field, _index : Field, _hash_path: [Field]) -> Field {}
-
-
-#[alternative(merkle_membership)]
-fn check_membership_in_noir(root : Field, leaf : Field, index : Field, hash_path: [Field]) -> Field {
-    (compute_root_from_leaf(leaf, index, hash_path) == root) as Field
+fn check_membership(_root : Field, _leaf : Field, _index : Field, _hash_path: [Field]) -> Field {
+    (compute_merkle_root(_leaf, _index, _hash_path) == _root) as Field
 }
 
+#[foreign(compute_merkle_root)]
+fn compute_merkle_root(_leaf : Field, _index : Field, _hash_path: [Field]) -> Field {}
+
 // Returns the root of the tree from the provided leaf and its hashpath, using pedersen hash
+#[alternative(compute_merkle_root)]
 fn compute_root_from_leaf(leaf : Field, index : Field, hash_path: [Field]) -> Field {
     let n = hash_path.len();
     let index_bits = index.to_le_bits(n as u32);