diff --git a/nano/core_test/wallet.cpp b/nano/core_test/wallet.cpp
index 6aad11bc15..3c835e209e 100644
--- a/nano/core_test/wallet.cpp
+++ b/nano/core_test/wallet.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TEST (wallet, no_special_keys_accounts)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	ASSERT_FALSE (wallet.exists (transaction, key1.pub));
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ TEST (wallet, no_key)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	nano::raw_key prv1;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ TEST (wallet, fetch_locked)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_TRUE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	ASSERT_EQ (key1.pub, wallet.insert_adhoc (transaction, key1.prv));
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ TEST (wallet, retrieval)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	ASSERT_TRUE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ TEST (wallet, empty_iteration)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto i (wallet.begin (transaction));
 	auto j (wallet.end ());
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ TEST (wallet, one_item_iteration)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	wallet.insert_adhoc (transaction, key1.prv);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ TEST (wallet, two_item_iteration)
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
 	{
 		auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
-		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 		ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 		wallet.insert_adhoc (transaction, key1.prv);
 		wallet.insert_adhoc (transaction, key2.prv);
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ TEST (wallet, find_none)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::account account (1000);
 	ASSERT_EQ (wallet.end (), wallet.find (transaction, account));
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ TEST (wallet, find_existing)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	ASSERT_FALSE (wallet.exists (transaction, key1.pub));
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ TEST (wallet, rekey)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::raw_key password;
 	wallet.password.value (password);
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ TEST (wallet, hash_password)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::raw_key hash1;
 	wallet.derive_key (hash1, transaction, "");
@@ -428,25 +428,25 @@ TEST (wallet, reopen_default_password)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
 	{
-		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 		ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 		ASSERT_TRUE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
 	}
 	{
 		bool init;
-		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 		ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 		ASSERT_TRUE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
 	}
 	{
-		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 		ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 		wallet.rekey (transaction, "");
 		ASSERT_TRUE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
 	}
 	{
 		bool init;
-		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+		nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 		ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 		ASSERT_FALSE (wallet.valid_password (transaction));
 		wallet.attempt_password (transaction, " ");
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ TEST (wallet, representative)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (wallet.is_representative (transaction));
 	ASSERT_EQ (nano::dev::genesis->account (), wallet.representative (transaction));
@@ -484,11 +484,11 @@ TEST (wallet, serialize_json_empty)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	std::string serialized;
 	wallet1.serialize_json (transaction, serialized);
-	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
+	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::raw_key password1;
 	nano::raw_key password2;
@@ -509,13 +509,13 @@ TEST (wallet, serialize_json_one)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::keypair key;
 	wallet1.insert_adhoc (transaction, key.prv);
 	std::string serialized;
 	wallet1.serialize_json (transaction, serialized);
-	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
+	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::raw_key password1;
 	nano::raw_key password2;
@@ -538,14 +538,14 @@ TEST (wallet, serialize_json_password)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::keypair key;
 	wallet1.rekey (transaction, "password");
 	wallet1.insert_adhoc (transaction, key.prv);
 	std::string serialized;
 	wallet1.serialize_json (transaction, serialized);
-	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
+	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1", serialized);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (wallet2.valid_password (transaction));
 	ASSERT_FALSE (wallet2.attempt_password (transaction, "password"));
@@ -571,11 +571,11 @@ TEST (wallet_store, move)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet1 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::keypair key1;
 	wallet1.insert_adhoc (transaction, key1.prv);
-	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet2 (error, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "1");
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	nano::keypair key2;
 	wallet2.insert_adhoc (transaction, key2.prv);
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ TEST (wallet, deterministic_keys)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	auto key1 = wallet.deterministic_key (transaction, 0);
 	auto key2 = wallet.deterministic_key (transaction, 0);
 	ASSERT_EQ (key1, key2);
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ TEST (wallet, reseed)
 	ASSERT_FALSE (init);
 	auto transaction (env.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
+	nano::wallet_store wallet (init, kdf, transaction, env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0");
 	nano::raw_key seed1;
 	seed1 = 1;
 	nano::raw_key seed2;
diff --git a/nano/node/wallet.cpp b/nano/node/wallet.cpp
index 8f2ec7e0ca..4369d96eed 100644
--- a/nano/node/wallet.cpp
+++ b/nano/node/wallet.cpp
@@ -255,17 +255,18 @@ int const nano::wallet_store::special_count (7);
 std::size_t const nano::wallet_store::check_iv_index (0);
 std::size_t const nano::wallet_store::seed_iv_index (1);
 
-nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, nano::account representative_a, unsigned fanout_a, std::string const & wallet_a, std::string const & json_a) :
+nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, store::lmdb::env & env_a, nano::account representative_a, unsigned fanout_a, std::string const & wallet_a, std::string const & json_a) :
 	password (0, fanout_a),
 	wallet_key_mem (0, fanout_a),
-	kdf (kdf_a)
+	kdf (kdf_a),
+	env{ env_a }
 {
 	init_a = false;
 	initialize (transaction_a, init_a, wallet_a);
 	if (!init_a)
 	{
 		MDB_val junk;
-		debug_assert (mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &junk) == MDB_NOTFOUND);
+		debug_assert (mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &junk) == MDB_NOTFOUND);
 		boost::property_tree::ptree wallet_l;
 		std::stringstream istream (json_a);
 		try
@@ -298,11 +299,11 @@ nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::trans
 				init_a = true;
 			}
 		}
-		init_a |= mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &junk) != 0;
-		init_a |= mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (wallet_key_special), &junk) != 0;
-		init_a |= mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (salt_special), &junk) != 0;
-		init_a |= mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (check_special), &junk) != 0;
-		init_a |= mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (representative_special), &junk) != 0;
+		init_a |= mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &junk) != 0;
+		init_a |= mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (wallet_key_special), &junk) != 0;
+		init_a |= mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (salt_special), &junk) != 0;
+		init_a |= mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (check_special), &junk) != 0;
+		init_a |= mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (representative_special), &junk) != 0;
 		nano::raw_key key;
 		key.clear ();
 		password.value_set (key);
@@ -311,10 +312,11 @@ nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::trans
 	}
 }
 
-nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, nano::account representative_a, unsigned fanout_a, std::string const & wallet_a) :
+nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, store::lmdb::env & env_a, nano::account representative_a, unsigned fanout_a, std::string const & wallet_a) :
 	password (0, fanout_a),
 	wallet_key_mem (0, fanout_a),
-	kdf (kdf_a)
+	kdf (kdf_a),
+	env{ env_a }
 {
 	init_a = false;
 	initialize (transaction_a, init_a, wallet_a);
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ nano::wallet_store::wallet_store (bool & init_a, nano::kdf & kdf_a, store::trans
 	{
 		int version_status;
 		MDB_val version_value;
-		version_status = mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &version_value);
+		version_status = mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (version_special), &version_value);
 		if (version_status == MDB_NOTFOUND)
 		{
 			version_put (transaction_a, version_current);
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ void nano::wallet_store::initialize (store::transaction const & transaction_a, b
 	debug_assert (strlen (path_a.c_str ()) == path_a.size ());
 	auto error (0);
 	MDB_dbi handle_l;
-	error |= mdb_dbi_open (tx (transaction_a), path_a.c_str (), MDB_CREATE, &handle_l);
+	error |= mdb_dbi_open (env.tx (transaction_a), path_a.c_str (), MDB_CREATE, &handle_l);
 	handle = handle_l;
 	init_a = error != 0;
 }
@@ -424,7 +426,7 @@ bool nano::wallet_store::insert_watch (store::transaction const & transaction_a,
 
 void nano::wallet_store::erase (store::transaction const & transaction_a, nano::account const & pub)
 {
-	auto status (mdb_del (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub), nullptr));
+	auto status (mdb_del (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub), nullptr));
 	(void)status;
 	debug_assert (status == 0);
 }
@@ -433,7 +435,7 @@ nano::wallet_value nano::wallet_store::entry_get_raw (store::transaction const &
 {
 	nano::wallet_value result;
 	nano::store::lmdb::db_val value;
-	auto status (mdb_get (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub_a), value));
+	auto status (mdb_get (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub_a), value));
 	if (status == 0)
 	{
 		result = nano::wallet_value (value);
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ nano::wallet_value nano::wallet_store::entry_get_raw (store::transaction const &
 
 void nano::wallet_store::entry_put_raw (store::transaction const & transaction_a, nano::account const & pub_a, nano::wallet_value const & entry_a)
 {
-	auto status (mdb_put (tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub_a), nano::store::lmdb::db_val (sizeof (entry_a), const_cast<nano::wallet_value *> (&entry_a)), 0));
+	auto status (mdb_put (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (pub_a), nano::store::lmdb::db_val (sizeof (entry_a), const_cast<nano::wallet_value *> (&entry_a)), 0));
 	(void)status;
 	debug_assert (status == 0);
 }
@@ -542,7 +544,7 @@ bool nano::wallet_store::exists (store::transaction const & transaction_a, nano:
 void nano::wallet_store::serialize_json (store::transaction const & transaction_a, std::string & string_a)
 {
 	boost::property_tree::ptree tree;
-	for (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::wallet_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, handle)), n (nullptr); i != n; ++i)
+	for (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::wallet_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, env, handle)), n (nullptr); i != n; ++i)
 	{
 		tree.put (i->first.to_string (), i->second.key.to_string ());
 	}
@@ -659,14 +661,14 @@ void nano::kdf::phs (nano::raw_key & result_a, std::string const & password_a, n
 
 nano::wallet::wallet (bool & init_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, nano::wallets & wallets_a, std::string const & wallet_a) :
 	lock_observer ([] (bool, bool) {}),
-	store (init_a, wallets_a.kdf, transaction_a, wallets_a.node.config.random_representative (), wallets_a.node.config.password_fanout, wallet_a),
+	store (init_a, wallets_a.kdf, transaction_a, wallets_a.env, wallets_a.node.config.random_representative (), wallets_a.node.config.password_fanout, wallet_a),
 	wallets (wallets_a)
 {
 }
 
 nano::wallet::wallet (bool & init_a, store::transaction & transaction_a, nano::wallets & wallets_a, std::string const & wallet_a, std::string const & json) :
 	lock_observer ([] (bool, bool) {}),
-	store (init_a, wallets_a.kdf, transaction_a, wallets_a.node.config.random_representative (), wallets_a.node.config.password_fanout, wallet_a, json),
+	store (init_a, wallets_a.kdf, transaction_a, wallets_a.env, wallets_a.node.config.random_representative (), wallets_a.node.config.password_fanout, wallet_a, json),
 	wallets (wallets_a)
 {
 }
@@ -798,7 +800,7 @@ bool nano::wallet::import (std::string const & json_a, std::string const & passw
 		auto transaction (wallets.tx_begin_write ());
 		nano::uint256_union id;
 		random_pool::generate_block (id.bytes.data (), id.bytes.size ());
-		temp = std::make_unique<nano::wallet_store> (error, wallets.node.wallets.kdf, transaction, 0, 1, id.to_string (), json_a);
+		temp = std::make_unique<nano::wallet_store> (error, wallets.node.wallets.kdf, transaction, wallets.env, 0, 1, id.to_string (), json_a);
 	}
 	if (!error)
 	{
@@ -822,7 +824,7 @@ void nano::wallet::serialize (std::string & json_a)
 
 void nano::wallet_store::destroy (store::transaction const & transaction_a)
 {
-	auto status (mdb_drop (tx (transaction_a), handle, 1));
+	auto status (mdb_drop (env.tx (transaction_a), handle, 1));
 	(void)status;
 	debug_assert (status == 0);
 	handle = 0;
@@ -1348,8 +1350,8 @@ nano::wallets::wallets (bool error_a, nano::node & node_a) :
 		release_assert (status == 0);
 		std::string beginning (nano::uint256_union (0).to_string ());
 		std::string end ((nano::uint256_union (nano::uint256_t (0) - nano::uint256_t (1))).to_string ());
-		store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (beginning.size (), const_cast<char *> (beginning.c_str ()))));
-		store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> n (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (end.size (), const_cast<char *> (end.c_str ()))));
+		store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (beginning.size (), const_cast<char *> (beginning.c_str ()))));
+		store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> n (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (end.size (), const_cast<char *> (end.c_str ()))));
 		for (; i != n; ++i)
 		{
 			nano::wallet_id id;
@@ -1477,8 +1479,8 @@ void nano::wallets::reload ()
 	std::unordered_set<nano::uint256_union> stored_items;
 	std::string beginning (nano::uint256_union (0).to_string ());
 	std::string end ((nano::uint256_union (nano::uint256_t (0) - nano::uint256_t (1))).to_string ());
-	store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (beginning.size (), const_cast<char *> (beginning.c_str ()))));
-	store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> n (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (end.size (), const_cast<char *> (end.c_str ()))));
+	store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> i (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (beginning.size (), const_cast<char *> (beginning.c_str ()))));
+	store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> n (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (end.size (), const_cast<char *> (end.c_str ()))));
 	for (; i != n; ++i)
 	{
 		nano::wallet_id id;
@@ -1706,8 +1708,8 @@ void nano::wallets::split_if_needed (store::transaction & transaction_destinatio
 			std::string beginning (nano::uint256_union (0).to_string ());
 			std::string end ((nano::uint256_union (nano::uint256_t (0) - nano::uint256_t (1))).to_string ());
 
-			auto get_store_it = [&handle = handle] (store::transaction const & transaction_source, std::string const & hash) {
-				return store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction_source, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (hash.size (), const_cast<char *> (hash.c_str ()))));
+			auto get_store_it = [&handle = handle, &env = env] (store::transaction const & transaction_source, std::string const & hash) {
+				return store::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<std::array<char, 64>, nano::no_value>> (transaction_source, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (hash.size (), const_cast<char *> (hash.c_str ()))));
 			};
 
 			// First do a read pass to check if there are any wallets that need extracting (to save holding a write lock and potentially being blocked)
@@ -1781,13 +1783,13 @@ nano::uint128_t const nano::wallets::high_priority = std::numeric_limits<nano::u
 
 nano::store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> nano::wallet_store::begin (store::transaction const & transaction_a)
 {
-	store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> result (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (nano::account (special_count))));
+	store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> result (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (nano::account (special_count))));
 	return result;
 }
 
 nano::store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> nano::wallet_store::begin (store::transaction const & transaction_a, nano::account const & key)
 {
-	store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> result (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (key)));
+	store::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value> result (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::account, nano::wallet_value>> (transaction_a, env, handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (key)));
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -1827,11 +1829,6 @@ bool nano::mdb_wallets_store::init_error () const
 	return error;
 }
 
-MDB_txn * nano::wallet_store::tx (store::transaction const & transaction_a) const
-{
-	return static_cast<MDB_txn *> (transaction_a.get_handle ());
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<nano::container_info_component> nano::collect_container_info (wallets & wallets, std::string const & name)
 {
 	std::size_t items_count;
diff --git a/nano/node/wallet.hpp b/nano/node/wallet.hpp
index c585ae2995..9f3e86830e 100644
--- a/nano/node/wallet.hpp
+++ b/nano/node/wallet.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nano/lib/id_dispenser.hpp>
 #include <nano/lib/lmdbconfig.hpp>
 #include <nano/lib/locks.hpp>
 #include <nano/lib/work.hpp>
@@ -13,11 +14,13 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_set>
+
 namespace nano
 {
 class node;
 class node_config;
 class wallets;
+
 // The fan spreads a key out over the heap to decrease the likelihood of it being recovered by memory inspection
 class fan final
 {
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ class fan final
 	nano::mutex mutex;
 	void value_get (nano::raw_key &);
 };
+
 class kdf final
 {
 public:
@@ -42,6 +46,7 @@ class kdf final
 	nano::mutex mutex;
 	unsigned & kdf_work;
 };
+
 enum class key_type
 {
 	not_a_type,
@@ -49,11 +54,12 @@ enum class key_type
 	adhoc,
 	deterministic
 };
+
 class wallet_store final
 {
 public:
-	wallet_store (bool &, nano::kdf &, store::transaction &, nano::account, unsigned, std::string const &);
-	wallet_store (bool &, nano::kdf &, store::transaction &, nano::account, unsigned, std::string const &, std::string const &);
+	wallet_store (bool &, nano::kdf &, store::transaction &, store::lmdb::env &, nano::account, unsigned, std::string const &);
+	wallet_store (bool &, nano::kdf &, store::transaction &, store::lmdb::env &, nano::account, unsigned, std::string const &, std::string const &);
 	std::vector<nano::account> accounts (store::transaction const &);
 	void initialize (store::transaction const &, bool &, std::string const &);
 	nano::uint256_union check (store::transaction const &);
@@ -118,8 +124,9 @@ class wallet_store final
 	std::recursive_mutex mutex;
 
 private:
-	MDB_txn * tx (store::transaction const &) const;
+	nano::store::lmdb::env & env;
 };
+
 // A wallet is a set of account keys encrypted by a common encryption key
 class wallet final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<nano::wallet>
 {
@@ -233,9 +240,9 @@ class wallets final
 	std::thread thread;
 	static nano::uint128_t const generate_priority;
 	static nano::uint128_t const high_priority;
+
 	/** Start read-write transaction */
 	store::write_transaction tx_begin_write ();
-
 	/** Start read-only transaction */
 	store::read_transaction tx_begin_read ();
 
@@ -252,6 +259,7 @@ class wallets_store
 	virtual ~wallets_store () = default;
 	virtual bool init_error () const = 0;
 };
+
 class mdb_wallets_store final : public wallets_store
 {
 public:
diff --git a/nano/rpc_test/rpc.cpp b/nano/rpc_test/rpc.cpp
index 59b83a9fe0..615d672928 100644
--- a/nano/rpc_test/rpc.cpp
+++ b/nano/rpc_test/rpc.cpp
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ TEST (rpc, wallet_export)
 	bool error (false);
 	auto transaction (node->wallets.tx_begin_write ());
 	nano::kdf kdf{ nano::dev::network_params.kdf_work };
-	nano::wallet_store store (error, kdf, transaction, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0", wallet_json);
+	nano::wallet_store store (error, kdf, transaction, node->wallets.env, nano::dev::genesis->account (), 1, "0", wallet_json);
 	ASSERT_FALSE (error);
 	ASSERT_TRUE (store.exists (transaction, nano::dev::genesis_key.pub));
 }
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/iterator.hpp b/nano/store/lmdb/iterator.hpp
index 9a9addf3ff..e8230fd73f 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/iterator.hpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/iterator.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <nano/store/component.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/db_val.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/iterator.hpp>
+#include <nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/transaction.hpp>
 
 #include <lmdb/libraries/liblmdb/lmdb.h>
@@ -13,9 +14,9 @@ template <typename T, typename U>
 class iterator : public iterator_impl<T, U>
 {
 public:
-	iterator (store::transaction const & transaction_a, MDB_dbi db_a, MDB_val const & val_a = MDB_val{}, bool const direction_asc = true)
+	iterator (store::transaction const & transaction_a, env const & env_a, MDB_dbi db_a, MDB_val const & val_a = MDB_val{}, bool const direction_asc = true)
 	{
-		auto status (mdb_cursor_open (tx (transaction_a), db_a, &cursor));
+		auto status (mdb_cursor_open (env_a.tx (transaction_a), db_a, &cursor));
 		release_assert (status == 0);
 		auto operation (MDB_SET_RANGE);
 		if (val_a.mv_size != 0)
@@ -165,12 +166,6 @@ class iterator : public iterator_impl<T, U>
 	store::iterator_impl<T, U> & operator= (store::iterator_impl<T, U> const &) = delete;
 	MDB_cursor * cursor{ nullptr };
 	std::pair<store::db_val<MDB_val>, store::db_val<MDB_val>> current;
-
-private:
-	MDB_txn * tx (store::transaction const & transaction_a) const
-	{
-		return static_cast<MDB_txn *> (transaction_a.get_handle ());
-	}
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.cpp b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.cpp
index 310ef25c48..1e419bae35 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.cpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.cpp
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ void nano::store::lmdb::component::rebuild_db (store::write_transaction const &
 		MDB_dbi temp;
 		mdb_dbi_open (env.tx (transaction_a), "temp_table", MDB_CREATE, &temp);
 		// Copy all values to temporary table
-		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val>> (transaction_a, table))), n (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
+		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val>> (transaction_a, env, table))), n (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
 		{
 			auto s = mdb_put (env.tx (transaction_a), temp, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->first), i->second, MDB_APPEND);
 			release_assert_success (s);
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ void nano::store::lmdb::component::rebuild_db (store::write_transaction const &
 		// Clear existing table
 		mdb_drop (env.tx (transaction_a), table, 0);
 		// Put values from copy
-		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val>> (transaction_a, temp))), n (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
+		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val>> (transaction_a, env, temp))), n (store::iterator<nano::uint256_union, nano::store::lmdb::db_val> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
 		{
 			auto s = mdb_put (env.tx (transaction_a), table, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->first), i->second, MDB_APPEND);
 			release_assert_success (s);
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ void nano::store::lmdb::component::rebuild_db (store::write_transaction const &
 		MDB_dbi temp;
 		mdb_dbi_open (env.tx (transaction_a), "temp_table", MDB_CREATE, &temp);
 		// Copy all values to temporary table
-		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info>> (transaction_a, pending_store.pending_handle))), n (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
+		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info>> (transaction_a, env, pending_store.pending_handle))), n (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
 		{
 			auto s = mdb_put (env.tx (transaction_a), temp, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->first), nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->second), MDB_APPEND);
 			release_assert_success (s);
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ void nano::store::lmdb::component::rebuild_db (store::write_transaction const &
 		release_assert (count (transaction_a, pending_store.pending_handle) == count (transaction_a, temp));
 		mdb_drop (env.tx (transaction_a), pending_store.pending_handle, 0);
 		// Put values from copy
-		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info>> (transaction_a, temp))), n (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
+		for (auto i (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info>> (transaction_a, env, temp))), n (store::iterator<nano::pending_key, nano::pending_info> (nullptr)); i != n; ++i)
 		{
 			auto s = mdb_put (env.tx (transaction_a), pending_store.pending_handle, nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->first), nano::store::lmdb::db_val (i->second), MDB_APPEND);
 			release_assert_success (s);
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.hpp b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.hpp
index 6e935ed5fc..eda13d4c98 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.hpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb.hpp
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ class component : public nano::store::component
 	template <typename Key, typename Value>
 	store::iterator<Key, Value> make_iterator (store::transaction const & transaction_a, tables table_a, bool const direction_asc = true) const
 	{
-		return store::iterator<Key, Value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<Key, Value>> (transaction_a, table_to_dbi (table_a), nano::store::lmdb::db_val{}, direction_asc));
+		return store::iterator<Key, Value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<Key, Value>> (transaction_a, env, table_to_dbi (table_a), nano::store::lmdb::db_val{}, direction_asc));
 	}
 
 	template <typename Key, typename Value>
 	store::iterator<Key, Value> make_iterator (store::transaction const & transaction_a, tables table_a, nano::store::lmdb::db_val const & key) const
 	{
-		return store::iterator<Key, Value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<Key, Value>> (transaction_a, table_to_dbi (table_a), key));
+		return store::iterator<Key, Value> (std::make_unique<nano::store::lmdb::iterator<Key, Value>> (transaction_a, env, table_to_dbi (table_a), key));
 	}
 
 	bool init_error () const override;
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.cpp b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.cpp
index b34289e7f1..efb5e83087 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.cpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <nano/lib/utility.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp>
 
 #include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
@@ -105,5 +106,6 @@ nano::store::write_transaction nano::store::lmdb::env::tx_begin_write (store::lm
 
 MDB_txn * nano::store::lmdb::env::tx (store::transaction const & transaction_a) const
 {
+	debug_assert (transaction_a.store_id () == store_id);
 	return static_cast<MDB_txn *> (transaction_a.get_handle ());
 }
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp
index 21634509db..1bde4c211c 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/lmdb_env.hpp
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nano/lib/id_dispenser.hpp>
 #include <nano/lib/lmdbconfig.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/component.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/lmdb/transaction_impl.hpp>
 
+namespace
+{
+nano::id_dispenser id_gen;
+}
+
 namespace nano::store::lmdb
 {
 /**
@@ -62,5 +68,6 @@ class env final
 	store::write_transaction tx_begin_write (txn_callbacks callbacks = txn_callbacks{}) const;
 	MDB_txn * tx (store::transaction const & transaction_a) const;
 	MDB_env * environment;
+	nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id{ id_gen.next_id () };
 };
 } // namespace nano::store::lmdb
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/transaction.cpp b/nano/store/lmdb/transaction.cpp
index ad18863934..a01698c09d 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/transaction.cpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/transaction.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class matches_txn final
 }
 
 nano::store::lmdb::read_transaction_impl::read_transaction_impl (nano::store::lmdb::env const & environment_a, nano::store::lmdb::txn_callbacks txn_callbacks_a) :
+	store::read_transaction_impl (environment_a.store_id),
 	txn_callbacks (txn_callbacks_a)
 {
 	auto status (mdb_txn_begin (environment_a, nullptr, MDB_RDONLY, &handle));
@@ -70,6 +71,7 @@ void * nano::store::lmdb::read_transaction_impl::get_handle () const
 }
 
 nano::store::lmdb::write_transaction_impl::write_transaction_impl (nano::store::lmdb::env const & environment_a, nano::store::lmdb::txn_callbacks txn_callbacks_a) :
+	store::write_transaction_impl (environment_a.store_id),
 	env (environment_a),
 	txn_callbacks (txn_callbacks_a)
 {
diff --git a/nano/store/lmdb/transaction_impl.hpp b/nano/store/lmdb/transaction_impl.hpp
index cdeff1404e..001fd896a3 100644
--- a/nano/store/lmdb/transaction_impl.hpp
+++ b/nano/store/lmdb/transaction_impl.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <nano/lib/diagnosticsconfig.hpp>
+#include <nano/lib/id_dispenser.hpp>
 #include <nano/lib/timer.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/component.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/transaction.hpp>
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class txn_callbacks
 	std::function<void (store::transaction_impl const *)> txn_start{ [] (store::transaction_impl const *) {} };
 	std::function<void (store::transaction_impl const *)> txn_end{ [] (store::transaction_impl const *) {} };
 };
+
 class read_transaction_impl final : public store::read_transaction_impl
 {
 public:
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ class write_transaction_impl final : public store::write_transaction_impl
 	lmdb::txn_callbacks txn_callbacks;
 	bool active{ true };
 };
-} // namespace nano
+} // namespace nano::store::lmdb
 
 namespace nano
 {
diff --git a/nano/store/transaction.cpp b/nano/store/transaction.cpp
index 7d30d403a0..395f81caf9 100644
--- a/nano/store/transaction.cpp
+++ b/nano/store/transaction.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,37 @@
 #include <nano/lib/utility.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/transaction.hpp>
 
+/*
+ * transaction_impl
+ */
+
+nano::store::transaction_impl::transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id_a) :
+	store_id{ store_id_a }
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * read_transaction_impl
+ */
+
+nano::store::read_transaction_impl::read_transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id_a) :
+	transaction_impl (store_id_a)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_transaction_impl
+ */
+
+nano::store::write_transaction_impl::write_transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id_a) :
+	transaction_impl (store_id_a)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * read_transaction
+ */
+
 nano::store::read_transaction::read_transaction (std::unique_ptr<store::read_transaction_impl> read_transaction_impl) :
 	impl (std::move (read_transaction_impl))
 {
@@ -12,6 +43,11 @@ void * nano::store::read_transaction::get_handle () const
 	return impl->get_handle ();
 }
 
+nano::id_dispenser::id_t nano::store::read_transaction::store_id () const
+{
+	return impl->store_id;
+}
+
 void nano::store::read_transaction::reset () const
 {
 	impl->reset ();
@@ -28,6 +64,10 @@ void nano::store::read_transaction::refresh () const
 	renew ();
 }
 
+/*
+ * write_transaction
+ */
+
 nano::store::write_transaction::write_transaction (std::unique_ptr<store::write_transaction_impl> write_transaction_impl) :
 	impl (std::move (write_transaction_impl))
 {
@@ -42,6 +82,11 @@ void * nano::store::write_transaction::get_handle () const
 	return impl->get_handle ();
 }
 
+nano::id_dispenser::id_t nano::store::write_transaction::store_id () const
+{
+	return impl->store_id;
+}
+
 void nano::store::write_transaction::commit ()
 {
 	impl->commit ();
diff --git a/nano/store/transaction.hpp b/nano/store/transaction.hpp
index 5061886907..70b2d9c344 100644
--- a/nano/store/transaction.hpp
+++ b/nano/store/transaction.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <nano/lib/id_dispenser.hpp>
 #include <nano/store/tables.hpp>
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -9,13 +10,17 @@ namespace nano::store
 class transaction_impl
 {
 public:
+	transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id);
 	virtual ~transaction_impl () = default;
 	virtual void * get_handle () const = 0;
+
+	nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id;
 };
 
 class read_transaction_impl : public transaction_impl
 {
 public:
+	explicit read_transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id = 0);
 	virtual void reset () = 0;
 	virtual void renew () = 0;
 };
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@ class read_transaction_impl : public transaction_impl
 class write_transaction_impl : public transaction_impl
 {
 public:
+	explicit write_transaction_impl (nano::id_dispenser::id_t const store_id = 0);
 	virtual void commit () = 0;
 	virtual void renew () = 0;
 	virtual bool contains (nano::tables table_a) const = 0;
@@ -33,6 +39,7 @@ class transaction
 public:
 	virtual ~transaction () = default;
 	virtual void * get_handle () const = 0;
+	virtual nano::id_dispenser::id_t store_id () const = 0;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -44,6 +51,8 @@ class read_transaction final : public transaction
 public:
 	explicit read_transaction (std::unique_ptr<read_transaction_impl> read_transaction_impl);
 	void * get_handle () const override;
+	nano::id_dispenser::id_t store_id () const override;
+
 	void reset () const;
 	void renew () const;
 	void refresh () const;
@@ -61,6 +70,8 @@ class write_transaction final : public transaction
 public:
 	explicit write_transaction (std::unique_ptr<write_transaction_impl> write_transaction_impl);
 	void * get_handle () const override;
+	nano::id_dispenser::id_t store_id () const override;
+
 	void commit ();
 	void renew ();
 	void refresh ();