diff --git a/examples/connect.py b/examples/connect.py
index ac7d3ed1..f7917dc8 100644
--- a/examples/connect.py
+++ b/examples/connect.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
diff --git a/examples/disallow_streams_by_port.py b/examples/disallow_streams_by_port.py
index 1fe744fe..b9e32712 100755
--- a/examples/disallow_streams_by_port.py
+++ b/examples/disallow_streams_by_port.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
 #
 # This uses a very simple custom txtorcon.IStreamAttacher to disallow
 # certain streams based solely on their port; by default it closes
diff --git a/examples/dns_lookups.py b/examples/dns_lookups.py
index f49dc32d..727a8b38 100644
--- a/examples/dns_lookups.py
+++ b/examples/dns_lookups.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import clientFromString
diff --git a/examples/hidden_echo.py b/examples/hidden_echo.py
index 3f527bb5..593a148c 100644
--- a/examples/hidden_echo.py
+++ b/examples/hidden_echo.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import protocol, reactor, endpoints
 
 # like the echo-server example on the front page of
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor.py b/examples/launch_tor.py
index 367cd899..5bb5feb2 100755
--- a/examples/launch_tor.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 """
 Launch a private Tor instance.
 """
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor2web.py b/examples/launch_tor2web.py
index f83e2c34..fdf8136c 100644
--- a/examples/launch_tor2web.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor2web.py
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 # running tor supports, *without* resorting to looking at version
 # numbers.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks, Deferred
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor_endpoint.py b/examples/launch_tor_endpoint.py
index 7346242a..ce3d89ec 100755
--- a/examples/launch_tor_endpoint.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor_endpoint.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 # Here we set up a Twisted Web server and then launch our own tor with
 # a configured hidden service directed at the Web server we set
 # up. This uses serverFromString to translate the "onion" endpoint
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor_endpoint2.py b/examples/launch_tor_endpoint2.py
index 510490d8..72a24c4c 100755
--- a/examples/launch_tor_endpoint2.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor_endpoint2.py
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 # up. This uses serverFromString to translate the "onion" endpoint descriptor
 # into a TCPHiddenServiceEndpoint object...
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import serverFromString
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor_unix_sockets.py b/examples/launch_tor_unix_sockets.py
index 54768bb1..750cfeb3 100644
--- a/examples/launch_tor_unix_sockets.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor_unix_sockets.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 """
 Use the 'global_tor' instance from txtorcon; this is a Tor
 instance that either doesn't exist or is unique to this process'
diff --git a/examples/launch_tor_with_simplehttpd.py b/examples/launch_tor_with_simplehttpd.py
index 0bbc9519..6c799c75 100755
--- a/examples/launch_tor_with_simplehttpd.py
+++ b/examples/launch_tor_with_simplehttpd.py
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
     ./launch_tor_with_simplehttpd.py -p 8080 -d /opt/files/
 '''
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import SimpleHTTPServer
 import SocketServer
 import functools
diff --git a/examples/minimal_endpoint.py b/examples/minimal_endpoint.py
index 8a037bff..fc8115da 100755
--- a/examples/minimal_endpoint.py
+++ b/examples/minimal_endpoint.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import serverFromString
 from twisted.web import server, static
diff --git a/examples/monitor.py b/examples/monitor.py
index 8907aa9a..1f4237c6 100755
--- a/examples/monitor.py
+++ b/examples/monitor.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 # Just listens for a few EVENTs from Tor (INFO NOTICE WARN ERR) and
 # prints out the contents, so functions like a log monitor.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet import task, defer
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import UNIXClientEndpoint
 import txtorcon
diff --git a/examples/stem_relay_descriptor.py b/examples/stem_relay_descriptor.py
index 855c56a5..2c9d1cf8 100755
--- a/examples/stem_relay_descriptor.py
+++ b/examples/stem_relay_descriptor.py
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # descriptors -- by default Tor only downloads "microdescriptors"
 # (whose information is already available live via txtorcon.Router
 # instances). Set "UseMicrodescriptors 0" to download "full" descriptors
-from __future__ import print_function
 
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
diff --git a/examples/stream_circuit_logger.py b/examples/stream_circuit_logger.py
index 53e7fc5e..50a98a1b 100755
--- a/examples/stream_circuit_logger.py
+++ b/examples/stream_circuit_logger.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 # This uses an IStreamListener and an ICircuitListener to log all
 # built circuits and all streams that succeed.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 from twisted.python import log
 from twisted.internet.task import react
diff --git a/examples/tor_info.py b/examples/tor_info.py
index 30188358..e1cc8fae 100755
--- a/examples/tor_info.py
+++ b/examples/tor_info.py
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@
 # transaction, you'll have to use TorControlProtocol's get_info
 # instead.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
 from txtorcon import TorInfo, build_local_tor_connection
diff --git a/examples/web_client.py b/examples/web_client.py
index a9a95b21..3d7ff094 100644
--- a/examples/web_client.py
+++ b/examples/web_client.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # this example shows how to use Twisted's web client with Tor via
 # txtorcon
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
diff --git a/examples/web_client_authenticated.py b/examples/web_client_authenticated.py
index 3bcf12d2..3eb1589a 100644
--- a/examples/web_client_authenticated.py
+++ b/examples/web_client_authenticated.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # this example shows how to use Twisted's web client with Tor via
 # txtorcon
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
diff --git a/examples/web_client_custom_circuit.py b/examples/web_client_custom_circuit.py
index 8290f704..3ea29d87 100644
--- a/examples/web_client_custom_circuit.py
+++ b/examples/web_client_custom_circuit.py
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 # do anything "special" to select your circuit hops you risk making it
 # easy to de-anonymize this (and all other) Tor circuits.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, Factory
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks, Deferred
 from twisted.internet.task import react
diff --git a/examples/web_client_treq.py b/examples/web_client_treq.py
index 99d1a44b..a03de4a8 100644
--- a/examples/web_client_treq.py
+++ b/examples/web_client_treq.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 # just copying over most of "carml checkpypi" because it's a good
 # example of "I want a stream over *this* circuit".
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks
 from twisted.internet.task import react
 from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_endpoints.py b/examples/web_onion_service_endpoints.py
index 4a8df9a3..e845bb41 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_endpoints.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_endpoints.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # parser plugin but code without knowledge of txtorcon can still
 # launch a Tor instance using it. cool!
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints, error
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_auth.py b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_auth.py
index daea3f02..d4051073 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_auth.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_auth.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # parser plugin but code without knowledge of txtorcon can still
 # launch a Tor instance using it. cool!
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_nonanon.py b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_nonanon.py
index d6e414ae..525e372f 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_nonanon.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_nonanon.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 # services. Once you publish a service like this, there's no going
 # back to location-hidden.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_unix.py b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_unix.py
index a735003b..487bd0ab 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_unix.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_ephemeral_unix.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # parser plugin but code without knowledge of txtorcon can still
 # launch a Tor instance using it. cool!
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from os.path import abspath
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_filesystem.py b/examples/web_onion_service_filesystem.py
index 4068b8b0..6fe038ac 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_filesystem.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_filesystem.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 import os
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_prop224.py b/examples/web_onion_service_prop224.py
index 04dd7bfa..3034b5e7 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_prop224.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_prop224.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # parser plugin but code without knowledge of txtorcon can still
 # launch a Tor instance using it. cool!
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 
diff --git a/examples/web_onion_service_prop224_endpoints_file.py b/examples/web_onion_service_prop224_endpoints_file.py
index 31099753..835a8174 100644
--- a/examples/web_onion_service_prop224_endpoints_file.py
+++ b/examples/web_onion_service_prop224_endpoints_file.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 # parser plugin but code without knowledge of txtorcon can still
 # launch a Tor instance using it. cool!
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 from twisted.internet import defer, task, endpoints
 from twisted.web import server, resource
 
diff --git a/examples/webui_server.py b/examples/webui_server.py
index a17c4b1f..28d03676 100755
--- a/examples/webui_server.py
+++ b/examples/webui_server.py
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from twisted.internet import reactor
 from nevow.appserver import NevowSite
 from nevow import loaders, tags, livepage
diff --git a/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run b/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run
index 0b0b031d..325e4c30 100755
--- a/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run
+++ b/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from twisted.python import log
 
 log.startLogging(sys.stdout)
 
-print sys.argv[0]
+print(sys.argv[0])
 
 sys.path.insert(0, '/txtorcon')
 import txtorcon
@@ -31,22 +31,22 @@ class Simple(resource.Resource):
 
 def updates(prog, tag, summary):
     p = ('#' * int(10*(prog/100.0))) + ('.'*(10 - int(10*(prog/100.0))))
-    print "%s %s" % (p, summary)
+    print("%s %s" % (p, summary))
 
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
 def main(reactor):
-    print "Launching Tor"
+    print("Launching Tor")
     tor = yield txtorcon.launch(reactor, socks_port=0, progress_updates=updates)
 
     hs_endpoint = tor.create_onion_endpoint(80)
 
-    print "Starting site"
+    print("Starting site")
     site = server.Site(Simple())
     port = yield hs_endpoint.listen(site)
 
-    print port.getHost().onion_uri, port.getHost().onion_port, port.local_address
-    print "liftoff"
+    print(port.getHost().onion_uri, port.getHost().onion_port, port.local_address)
+    print("liftoff")
     os.system("netstat -pltn")
 
 task.react(main)
diff --git a/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/host_run b/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/host_run
index b0a039a0..0e9cf11b 100755
--- a/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/host_run
+++ b/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/host_run
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@ from xml.dom import minidom
 
 d = os.path.realpath(os.path.curdir)
 container = subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'run', '-v', d+':/txtorcon:ro', '-d',
-                                     'txtorcon-tester', '/txtorcon/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run']).strip()
-print 'container:', container
+                                     'txtorcon-tester', '/txtorcon/integration/hidden_service_listen_ports/container_run'],
+                                    text=True).strip()
+print('container:', container)
 def kill_container(container):
-    print "killing", container
+    print("killing", container)
     subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'kill', container])
 atexit.register(functools.partial(kill_container, container))
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ data = subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'inspect', container])
 data = json.loads(data)[0]
 
 ip = data['NetworkSettings']['IPAddress']
-print "ip address", ip
+print("ip address", ip)
 
 logs_printed = 0
 while True:
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ while True:
     time.sleep(1)
     continue
 
-print "running nmap (scanning all 65535 TCP ports)..."
+print("running nmap (scanning all 65535 TCP ports)...")
 fname = 'txtorcon-nmap'
 #print subprocess.check_output(['nmap', '-T5', '-PN', ip])
 nmap = subprocess.check_output(['nmap', '-T5', '-p', '1-65535', '-oX', fname, 
@@ -50,17 +51,17 @@ dom = minidom.parse(open(fname, 'r'))
 ports = dom.getElementsByTagName('port')
 is_error = None
 if len(ports):
-    print "Open ports found:"
+    print("Open ports found:")
     for e in ports:
         state = e.getElementsByTagName('state')[0].getAttribute('state')
         port = e.getAttribute('portid')
-        print port, state
+        print(port, state)
     is_error = '%d open ports found' % len(ports)
 
 if is_error:
-    print "FAILED", is_error
+    print("FAILED", is_error)
     sys.exit(1)
 
 else:
-    print "OK."
+    print("OK.")
     sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/integration/run.py b/integration/run.py
index 55690da6..498e68d0 100644
--- a/integration/run.py
+++ b/integration/run.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 ## if any one does.
 ## FIXME can't I [ab]use trial or unittest for this??
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import sys
 import subprocess
diff --git a/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run b/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run
index 8916d5f6..2d529ff3 100755
--- a/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run
+++ b/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ log.startLogging(sys.stdout)
 
 def updates(prog, tag, summary):
     p = ('#' * int(10*(prog/100.0))) + ('.'*(10 - int(10*(prog/100.0))))
-    print "%s %s" % (p, summary)
+    print("%s %s" % (p, summary))
 
 @defer.inlineCallbacks
 def main(reactor):
-    print "Launching Tor"
+    print("Launching Tor")
     tor = yield txtorcon.launch(reactor, progress_updates=updates)
-    print "launch over:", proto
-    print 'Running "ps afxu":'
+    print("launch over:", proto)
+    print('Running "ps afxu":')
     os.system("ps afxu")
 
 task.react(main)
diff --git a/integration/timeout_tor_launch/host_run b/integration/timeout_tor_launch/host_run
index fb4a8975..aea8fccb 100755
--- a/integration/timeout_tor_launch/host_run
+++ b/integration/timeout_tor_launch/host_run
@@ -8,27 +8,26 @@ import os
 import atexit
 import functools
 import subprocess
-import json
 import time
 import sys
-from xml.dom import minidom
 
 d = os.path.realpath(os.path.curdir)
 container = subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'run', '-v', d+':/txtorcon:ro',
-                                     '-d', 'txtorcon-tester', '/txtorcon/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run']).strip()
-print 'container:', container
+                                     '-d', 'txtorcon-tester', '/txtorcon/integration/timeout_tor_launch/container_run'],
+                                    text=True).strip()
+print('container:', container)
 def kill_container(container):
-    print "killing", container
+    print("killing", container)
     subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'kill', container])
 atexit.register(functools.partial(kill_container, container))
 
-print "waiting 15 seconds"
+print("waiting 15 seconds")
 time.sleep(15)
 
-print "gathering logs"
-logs = subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'logs', container])
+print("gathering logs")
+logs = subprocess.check_output(['docker', 'logs', container], text=True)
 
-print logs
+print(logs)
 if '/usr/sbin/tor' in logs:
     sys.exit(1)
 sys.exit(0)
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 8a588be1..7de741fa 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from os.path import join
 from os import listdir
 from setuptools import setup
diff --git a/test/test_controller.py b/test/test_controller.py
index 90ccc811..92a6e713 100644
--- a/test/test_controller.py
+++ b/test/test_controller.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import six
 import functools
 from os.path import join
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
@@ -1504,12 +1503,6 @@ def test_remove_unfound(self):
         yield self.tor.remove_onion_authentication("non_existing.onion")
         self.assertEqual(0, len(self.cfg.HidServAuth))
 
-    def test_context_manager_py2(self):
-        if not six.PY2:
-            return
-        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-            self.tor.onion_authentication("foo.onion", "token")
-
     @defer.inlineCallbacks
     def test_add_and_remove(self):
         yield self.tor.add_onion_authentication("foo.onion", "a_token")
diff --git a/test/test_endpoints.py b/test/test_endpoints.py
index 500dda7c..5902fd0a 100644
--- a/test/test_endpoints.py
+++ b/test/test_endpoints.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import sys
 from unittest.mock import patch
@@ -1331,7 +1329,6 @@ def getHost(self):
 
 
 def port_generator():
-    # XXX six has xrange/range stuff?
     for x in range(65535, 0, -1):
         yield x
 
diff --git a/test/test_fsm.py b/test/test_fsm.py
index 3bbc6a14..a0518d19 100644
--- a/test/test_fsm.py
+++ b/test/test_fsm.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import txtorcon.spaghetti
 from txtorcon.spaghetti import State
 from txtorcon.spaghetti import Transition
diff --git a/test/test_onion.py b/test/test_onion.py
index 63960079..62471d05 100644
--- a/test/test_onion.py
+++ b/test/test_onion.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import sys
 from unittest.mock import Mock
diff --git a/test/test_socks.py b/test/test_socks.py
index a017a40f..6342babc 100644
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from six import BytesIO, text_type
+from io import BytesIO
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from twisted.trial import unittest
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@ def test_resolve_ptr_str(self, fac):
         d = socks.resolve_ptr(socks_ep, 'meejah.ca')
         self.assertEqual(1, len(fac.mock_calls))
         self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], text_type)
+            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], str)
         )
         return d
 
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ def test_resolve_str(self, fac):
         d = socks.resolve(socks_ep, 'meejah.ca')
         self.assertEqual(1, len(fac.mock_calls))
         self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], text_type)
+            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], str)
         )
         return d
 
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ def test_resolve_ptr_bytes(self, fac):
         d = socks.resolve_ptr(socks_ep, b'meejah.ca')
         self.assertEqual(1, len(fac.mock_calls))
         self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], text_type)
+            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], str)
         )
         return d
 
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ def test_resolve_bytes(self, fac):
         d = socks.resolve(socks_ep, b'meejah.ca')
         self.assertEqual(1, len(fac.mock_calls))
         self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], text_type)
+            isinstance(fac.mock_calls[0][1][0], str)
         )
         return d
 
diff --git a/test/test_stream.py b/test/test_stream.py
index 357f9e40..4d076095 100644
--- a/test/test_stream.py
+++ b/test/test_stream.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from txtorcon.util import maybe_ip_addr
 from twisted.trial import unittest
 from twisted.internet import defer
diff --git a/test/test_torconfig.py b/test/test_torconfig.py
index fb0f6715..6f8a4aa6 100644
--- a/test/test_torconfig.py
+++ b/test/test_torconfig.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 import functools
 import warnings
-from six import StringIO
+from io import StringIO
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 from os.path import join
 
diff --git a/test/test_torcontrolprotocol.py b/test/test_torcontrolprotocol.py
index e15bdf03..f74b4b3e 100644
--- a/test/test_torcontrolprotocol.py
+++ b/test/test_torcontrolprotocol.py
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from os.path import exists
 
 from twisted.python import log, failure
diff --git a/test/test_torstate.py b/test/test_torstate.py
index ceab1315..ecc4e15d 100644
--- a/test/test_torstate.py
+++ b/test/test_torstate.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 from zope.interface import implementer, directlyProvides
 from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass
 from twisted.trial import unittest
diff --git a/test/test_util_imports.py b/test/test_util_imports.py
index b2285c96..64be5289 100644
--- a/test/test_util_imports.py
+++ b/test/test_util_imports.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import sys
 import functools
 from unittest import skipUnless
-import six
 
 
 def fake_import(orig, name, *args, **kw):
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ def fake_import(orig, name, *args, **kw):
 
 class TestImports(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    @skipUnless(six.PY2 and 'pypy' not in sys.version.lower(), "Doesn't work in PYPY, Py3")
+    @skipUnless(False and 'pypy' not in sys.version.lower(), "Doesn't work in PYPY, Py3")
     def test_no_GeoIP(self):
         """
         Make sure we don't explode if there's no GeoIP module
diff --git a/test3/test_controller.py b/test3/test_controller.py
index 5c6ceb79..8304d8c7 100644
--- a/test3/test_controller.py
+++ b/test3/test_controller.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # this is for python3-only tests
 
-import six
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
@@ -12,9 +11,6 @@
 import txtorcon
 
 
-if six.PY2:
-    raise unittest.skip()
-
 class Python3ControllerTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/txtorcon/__init__.py b/txtorcon/__init__.py
index 7e6ea3cd..0f64e5dd 100644
--- a/txtorcon/__init__.py
+++ b/txtorcon/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from txtorcon._metadata import __version__, __author__, __contact__
 from txtorcon._metadata import __license__, __copyright__, __url__
 
diff --git a/txtorcon/addrmap.py b/txtorcon/addrmap.py
index fea42939..1b53503e 100644
--- a/txtorcon/addrmap.py
+++ b/txtorcon/addrmap.py
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from txtorcon.interface import IAddrListener
 from txtorcon.util import maybe_ip_addr
 
@@ -15,7 +10,7 @@
 import shlex
 
 
-class Addr(object):
+class Addr:
     """
     One address mapping (e.g. example.com -> 127.0.0.1)
     """
diff --git a/txtorcon/circuit.py b/txtorcon/circuit.py
index d9ce0917..d43b1565 100644
--- a/txtorcon/circuit.py
+++ b/txtorcon/circuit.py
@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
-import six
 import time
 from datetime import datetime
 
@@ -69,7 +63,7 @@ def add_endpoint(self, target_ep, circuit):
 
     def _add_real_target(self, real_addr, circuit, d):
         # joy oh joy, ipaddress wants unicode, Twisted gives us bytes...
-        real_host = maybe_ip_addr(six.text_type(real_addr.host))
+        real_host = maybe_ip_addr(str(real_addr.host))
         real_port = real_addr.port
         self._circuit_targets[(real_host, real_port)] = (circuit, d)
 
diff --git a/txtorcon/controller.py b/txtorcon/controller.py
index 4e7f4877..2e5c1792 100644
--- a/txtorcon/controller.py
+++ b/txtorcon/controller.py
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
 import sys
-import six
 import shlex
 import tempfile
 import functools
@@ -1039,7 +1034,7 @@ def create_onion_service(self, ports, private_key=None, version=3,
             raise ValueError(
                 "The only valid Onion service versions are 2 or 3"
             )
-        if not isinstance(ports, Sequence) or isinstance(ports, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(ports, Sequence) or isinstance(ports, str):
             raise ValueError("'ports' must be a sequence (list, tuple, ..)")
 
         processed_ports = yield _validate_ports(self._reactor, ports)
@@ -1097,7 +1092,7 @@ def create_filesystem_onion_service(self, ports, onion_service_dir,
             been made.
 
         """
-        if not isinstance(ports, Sequence) or isinstance(ports, six.string_types):
+        if not isinstance(ports, Sequence) or isinstance(ports, str):
             raise ValueError("'ports' must be a sequence (list, tuple, ..)")
         processed_ports = yield _validate_ports(self._reactor, ports)
 
diff --git a/txtorcon/endpoints.py b/txtorcon/endpoints.py
index 33535125..2ec6e0a5 100644
--- a/txtorcon/endpoints.py
+++ b/txtorcon/endpoints.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
 import shutil
 import weakref
diff --git a/txtorcon/interface.py b/txtorcon/interface.py
index 888efe80..84fd0c1d 100644
--- a/txtorcon/interface.py
+++ b/txtorcon/interface.py
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from zope.interface import Interface, Attribute
 
diff --git a/txtorcon/log.py b/txtorcon/log.py
index 2292449f..c2443409 100644
--- a/txtorcon/log.py
+++ b/txtorcon/log.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@
 This module handles txtorcon debug messages.
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from twisted.python import log as twlog
 
 __all__ = ['txtorlog']
diff --git a/txtorcon/onion.py b/txtorcon/onion.py
index 4a3c207c..0daae4db 100644
--- a/txtorcon/onion.py
+++ b/txtorcon/onion.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import os
 import re
-import six
 import base64
 import hashlib
 import functools
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
 
 
-class HiddenServiceClientAuth(object):
+class HiddenServiceClientAuth:
     """
     Encapsulates a single client-authorization, as parsed from a
     HiddenServiceDir's "client_keys" file if you have stealth or basic
@@ -1375,7 +1374,7 @@ def _validate_ports(reactor, ports):
                     "{} 127.0.0.1:{}".format(remote, local)
                 )
 
-        elif isinstance(port, (six.text_type, str)):
+        elif isinstance(port, str):
             _validate_single_port_string(port)
             processed_ports.append(port)
 
@@ -1407,7 +1406,7 @@ def _validate_ports_low_level(ports):
     """
     if not isinstance(ports, (list, tuple)):
         raise ValueError("'ports' must be a list of strings")
-    if any([not isinstance(x, (six.text_type, str)) for x in ports]):
+    if any([not isinstance(x, str) for x in ports]):
         raise ValueError("'ports' must be a list of strings")
     for port in ports:
         _validate_single_port_string(port)
diff --git a/txtorcon/router.py b/txtorcon/router.py
index c1e648b9..a14505b3 100644
--- a/txtorcon/router.py
+++ b/txtorcon/router.py
@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import json
 from datetime import datetime
 from .util import NetLocation
 from .util import _Version
-import six
 from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
 from binascii import b2a_hex, a2b_hex
 
@@ -38,7 +32,7 @@ def hashFromHexId(hexid):
     return b64encode(a2b_hex(hexid))[:-1].decode('ascii')
 
 
-class PortRange(object):
+class PortRange:
     """
     Represents a range of ports for Router policies.
     """
@@ -53,7 +47,7 @@ def __str__(self):
         return "%d-%d" % (self.min, self.max)
 
 
-class Router(object):
+class Router:
     """
     Represents a Tor Router, including location.
 
@@ -179,7 +173,7 @@ def flags(self, flags):
         There is some current work in Twisted for open-ended constants
         (enums) support however, it seems.
         """
-        if isinstance(flags, (six.text_type, bytes)):
+        if isinstance(flags, (str, bytes)):
             flags = flags.split()
         self._flags = [x.lower() for x in flags]
         self.name_is_unique = 'named' in self._flags
diff --git a/txtorcon/socks.py b/txtorcon/socks.py
index 46b41baf..a3e1dee5 100644
--- a/txtorcon/socks.py
+++ b/txtorcon/socks.py
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 # Python3. Also, Tor's SOCKS5 implementation is especially simple,
 # since it doesn't do BIND or UDP ASSOCIATE.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import six
 import struct
 from socket import inet_pton, inet_ntoa, inet_aton, AF_INET6, AF_INET
 
@@ -41,9 +38,9 @@
 
 
 def _create_ip_address(host, port):
-    if not isinstance(host, six.text_type):
+    if not isinstance(host, str):
         raise ValueError(
-            "'host' must be {}, not {}".format(six.text_type, type(host))
+            "'host' must be str, not {}".format(type(host))
         )
     try:
         a = ipaddress.ip_address(host)
@@ -87,13 +84,13 @@ def __init__(self, req_type, host,
                     req_type
                 )
             )
-        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, str, six.text_type)):
+        if not isinstance(host, (bytes, str)):
             raise ValueError(
                 "'host' must be text (not {})".format(type(host))
             )
         # XXX what if addr is None?
         self._req_type = req_type
-        self._addr = _create_ip_address(six.text_type(host), port)
+        self._addr = _create_ip_address(str(host), port)
         self._data = b''
         self._on_disconnect = on_disconnect
         self._create_connection = create_connection
@@ -646,9 +643,7 @@ def resolve(tor_endpoint, hostname):
 
     :param hostname: the hostname to look up.
     """
-    if six.PY2 and isinstance(hostname, str):
-        hostname = unicode(hostname)  # noqa
-    elif six.PY3 and isinstance(hostname, bytes):
+    if isinstance(hostname, bytes):
         hostname = hostname.decode('ascii')
     factory = _TorSocksFactory(
         hostname, 0, 'RESOLVE', None,
@@ -667,9 +662,7 @@ def resolve_ptr(tor_endpoint, ip):
 
     :param ip: the IP address to look up.
     """
-    if six.PY2 and isinstance(ip, str):
-        ip = unicode(ip)  # noqa
-    elif six.PY3 and isinstance(ip, bytes):
+    if isinstance(ip, bytes):
         ip = ip.decode('ascii')
     factory = _TorSocksFactory(
         ip, 0, 'RESOLVE_PTR', None,
@@ -692,9 +685,7 @@ class TorSocksEndpoint(object):
     def __init__(self, socks_endpoint, host, port, tls=False):
         self._proxy_ep = socks_endpoint  # can be Deferred
         assert self._proxy_ep is not None
-        if six.PY2 and isinstance(host, str):
-            host = unicode(host)  # noqa
-        if six.PY3 and isinstance(host, bytes):
+        if isinstance(host, bytes):
             host = host.decode('ascii')
         self._host = host
         self._port = port
diff --git a/txtorcon/spaghetti.py b/txtorcon/spaghetti.py
index 361dc915..b622fa08 100644
--- a/txtorcon/spaghetti.py
+++ b/txtorcon/spaghetti.py
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import warnings
 
 
-class FSM(object):
+class FSM:
     """
     Pass callables for matcher and handler to add_handler to create
     transitions between states. A "matcher" is a predicate, and if a
diff --git a/txtorcon/stream.py b/txtorcon/stream.py
index 6ad98b81..bb49579f 100644
--- a/txtorcon/stream.py
+++ b/txtorcon/stream.py
@@ -11,18 +11,13 @@
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from twisted.python import log
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from txtorcon.interface import ICircuitContainer, IStreamListener
 from txtorcon.util import find_keywords, maybe_ip_addr
 
 
-class Stream(object):
+class Stream:
     """
     Represents an active stream in Tor's state (:class:`txtorcon.TorState`).
 
diff --git a/txtorcon/torconfig.py b/txtorcon/torconfig.py
index 6c364259..3a1a6619 100644
--- a/txtorcon/torconfig.py
+++ b/txtorcon/torconfig.py
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
 import re
-import six
 import functools
 import warnings
 from io import StringIO
@@ -67,7 +62,7 @@ def launch_tor(config, reactor,
     defer.returnValue(tor.process)
 
 
-class TorConfigType(object):
+class TorConfigType:
     """
     Base class for all configuration types, which function as parsers
     and un-parsers.
@@ -253,11 +248,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return '_ListWrapper' + super(_ListWrapper, self).__repr__()
 
 
-if six.PY2:
-    setattr(_ListWrapper, '__setslice__', _wrapture(list.__setslice__))
-
-
-class HiddenService(object):
+class HiddenService:
     """
     Because hidden service configuration is handled specially by Tor,
     we wrap the config in this class. This corresponds to the
@@ -424,7 +415,7 @@ def _is_valid_keyblob(key_blob_or_type):
 # resulting class in isinstance() things and the like, because Twisted
 # makes it into a function instead :( so we @deprecate __init__ for now
 # @deprecated(_Version("txtorcon", 18, 0, 0))
-class EphemeralHiddenService(object):
+class EphemeralHiddenService:
     '''
     Deprecated as of 18.0.0. Please instead use :class:`txtorcon.EphemeralOnionService`
 
@@ -448,7 +439,7 @@ def __init__(self, ports, key_blob_or_type='NEW:BEST', auth=[], ver=2):
             raise ValueError(
                 'key_blob_or_type must be a string in the formats '
                 '"NEW:<ALGORITHM>" or "<ALGORITHM>:<KEY>"')
-        if isinstance(ports, (six.text_type, str)):
+        if isinstance(ports, str):
             ports = [ports]
         self._ports = [x.replace(' ', ',') for x in ports]
         self._keyblob = key_blob_or_type
@@ -523,7 +514,7 @@ def _endpoint_from_socksport_line(reactor, socks_config):
     return TCP4ClientEndpoint(reactor, host, port)
 
 
-class TorConfig(object):
+class TorConfig:
     """This class abstracts out Tor's config, and can be used both to
     create torrc files from nothing and track live configuration of a Tor
     instance.
diff --git a/txtorcon/torcontrolprotocol.py b/txtorcon/torcontrolprotocol.py
index e882160a..a23a50d9 100644
--- a/txtorcon/torcontrolprotocol.py
+++ b/txtorcon/torcontrolprotocol.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
 import re
 import base64
diff --git a/txtorcon/torinfo.py b/txtorcon/torinfo.py
index fb9f7917..44cdcace 100644
--- a/txtorcon/torinfo.py
+++ b/txtorcon/torinfo.py
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import functools
 from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from txtorcon.interface import ITorControlProtocol
 
 
-class MagicContainer(object):
+class MagicContainer:
     """
     This merely contains 1 or more methods or further MagicContainer
     instances; see _do_setup in TorInfo.
diff --git a/txtorcon/torstate.py b/txtorcon/torstate.py
index e3defdd6..64d46673 100644
--- a/txtorcon/torstate.py
+++ b/txtorcon/torstate.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 import os
 import stat
 import warnings
diff --git a/txtorcon/util.py b/txtorcon/util.py
index 406a0f59..4800ac23 100644
--- a/txtorcon/util.py
+++ b/txtorcon/util.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
+import asyncio
 import glob
 import os
 import hmac
@@ -12,7 +9,6 @@
 import subprocess
 import ipaddress
 import re
-import six
 
 from twisted.internet import defer
 from twisted.internet.interfaces import IProtocolFactory
@@ -22,9 +18,6 @@
 from zope.interface import implementer
 from zope.interface import Interface
 
-if six.PY3:
-    import asyncio
-
 try:
     import GeoIP as _GeoIP
     GeoIP = _GeoIP
@@ -148,8 +141,6 @@ def maybe_ip_addr(addr):
     TODO consider explicitly checking for .exit or .onion at the end?
     """
 
-    if six.PY2 and isinstance(addr, str):
-        addr = unicode(addr)  # noqa
     try:
         return ipaddress.ip_address(addr)
     except ValueError:
@@ -337,10 +328,7 @@ def unescape_quoted_string(string):
     # handeled as escape codes by string.decode('string-escape').
     # This is needed so e.g. '\x00' is not unescaped as '\0'
     string = re.sub(r'((?:^|[^\\])(?:\\\\)*)\\([^ntr0-7\\])', r'\1\2', string)
-    if six.PY3:
-        # XXX hmmm?
-        return bytes(string, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
-    return string.decode('string-escape')
+    return bytes(string, 'ascii').decode('unicode-escape')
 
 
 def default_control_port():
@@ -385,7 +373,7 @@ def maybe_coroutine(obj):
     (This is to insert in all callback chains from user code, in case
     that user code is Python3 and used 'async def')
     """
-    if six.PY3 and asyncio.iscoroutine(obj):
+    if asyncio.iscoroutine(obj):
         return defer.ensureDeferred(obj)
     return obj
 
@@ -532,7 +520,7 @@ def _is_non_public_numeric_address(host):
     # for numeric hostnames, skip RFC1918 addresses, since no Tor exit
     # node will be able to reach those. Likewise ignore IPv6 addresses.
     try:
-        a = ipaddress.ip_address(six.text_type(host))
+        a = ipaddress.ip_address(str(host))
     except ValueError:
         return False        # non-numeric, let Tor try it
     if a.is_loopback or a.is_multicast or a.is_private or a.is_reserved \
diff --git a/txtorcon/web.py b/txtorcon/web.py
index d42b0b32..f3485849 100644
--- a/txtorcon/web.py
+++ b/txtorcon/web.py
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import with_statement
-
 from twisted.web.iweb import IAgentEndpointFactory
 from twisted.web.client import Agent, BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS
 from twisted.internet.defer import inlineCallbacks, returnValue, Deferred
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@
 
 
 @implementer(IAgentEndpointFactory)
-class _AgentEndpointFactoryUsingTor(object):
+class _AgentEndpointFactoryUsingTor:
     def __init__(self, reactor, tor_socks_endpoint, tls_context_factory):
         self._reactor = reactor
         self._proxy_ep = SingleObserver()