diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/items.proto b/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/items.proto
index a7d10b4e..ed892391 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/items.proto
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/items.proto
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ enum ImageUse {
     IMAGE_USE_WORKING_DIRECTORY = 2;
 }
 
-message ImageSpec {
+message ImageRef {
     string name = 1;
     repeated ImageUse use = 2;
 }
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ message JobTty {
 
 message ContainerParent {
     oneof parent {
-        ImageSpec image = 1;
+        ImageRef image = 1;
         ContainerRef container = 2;
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/spec.rs b/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/spec.rs
index 43ad535a..fb855408 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/spec.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-client-base/src/spec.rs
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ where
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, Hash, IntoProtoBuf, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd, TryFromProtoBuf)]
-#[proto(proto_buf_type = "proto::ImageSpec")]
-pub struct ImageSpec {
+#[proto(proto_buf_type = "proto::ImageRef")]
+pub struct ImageRef {
     pub name: String,
     pub r#use: EnumSet<ImageUse>,
 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub struct ContainerRef {
     enum_type = "proto::container_parent::Parent"
 )]
 pub enum ContainerParent {
-    Image(ImageSpec),
+    Image(ImageRef),
     Container(ContainerRef),
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub enum ContainerParent {
 macro_rules! image_container_parent {
     (@expand [] -> [$name:expr, $layers:literal, $environment:literal, $working_directory:literal]) => {
         $crate::spec::ContainerParent::Image(
-            $crate::spec::ImageSpec {
+            $crate::spec::ImageRef {
                 name: $name.into(),
                 r#use: {
                     let mut r#use = EnumSet::new();
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-client-process/src/preparer.rs b/crates/maelstrom-client-process/src/preparer.rs
index 5b9640e1..84de1088 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-client-process/src/preparer.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-client-process/src/preparer.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use maelstrom_base::{
     NonEmpty, Sha256Digest, Timeout, UserId, Utf8PathBuf,
 };
 use maelstrom_client_base::spec::{
-    ContainerParent, ContainerSpec, ConvertedImage, EnvironmentSpec, ImageSpec, ImageUse,
+    ContainerParent, ContainerSpec, ConvertedImage, EnvironmentSpec, ImageRef, ImageUse,
     JobSpec as ClientJobSpec, LayerSpec,
 };
 use maelstrom_util::ext::OptionExt as _;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl<DepsT: Deps> Preparer<DepsT> {
         let (pending_image, get_image) = {
             match container.parent {
                 None | Some(ContainerParent::Container(_)) => (None, None),
-                Some(ContainerParent::Image(ImageSpec { name, r#use })) => {
+                Some(ContainerParent::Image(ImageRef { name, r#use })) => {
                     if r#use.is_empty() {
                         (None, None)
                     } else {
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/lib.rs b/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/lib.rs
index 4646c54f..8d8b6e52 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use maelstrom_base::{
 };
 use maelstrom_client::{
     job_spec,
-    spec::{ImageSpec, LayerSpec, PrefixOptions},
+    spec::{ImageRef, LayerSpec, PrefixOptions},
     AcceptInvalidRemoteContainerTlsCerts, CacheDir, Client, ClientBgProcess,
     ContainerImageDepotDir, ContainerParent, ProjectDir, StateDir,
 };
@@ -169,13 +169,13 @@ struct PytestTestCollector<'client> {
     build_dir: RootBuf<BuildDir>,
     cache_dir: RootBuf<CacheDir>,
     client: &'client Client,
-    test_layers: Mutex<HashMap<ImageSpec, LayerSpec>>,
+    test_layers: Mutex<HashMap<ImageRef, LayerSpec>>,
 }
 
 impl PytestTestCollector<'_> {
     fn get_pip_packages(
         &self,
-        image_spec: ImageSpec,
+        image_spec: ImageRef,
         ref_: &DockerReference,
         ui: &UiSender,
     ) -> Result<Utf8PathBuf> {
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ impl PytestTestCollector<'_> {
         Ok(upper.try_into()?)
     }
 
-    fn build_test_layer(&self, image: ImageSpec, ui: &UiSender) -> Result<Option<LayerSpec>> {
+    fn build_test_layer(&self, image: ImageRef, ui: &UiSender) -> Result<Option<LayerSpec>> {
         let image_name: ImageName = image.name.parse()?;
         let ImageName::Docker(ref_) = image_name else {
             return Ok(None);
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub(crate) struct PytestTestArtifact {
     ignored_tests: Vec<String>,
     package: PytestPackageId,
     pytest_options: PytestConfigValues,
-    test_layers: HashMap<ImageSpec, LayerSpec>,
+    test_layers: HashMap<ImageRef, LayerSpec>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ impl CollectTests for PytestTestCollector<'_> {
         Ok((handle, stream))
     }
 
-    fn build_test_layers(&self, images: Vec<ImageSpec>, ui: &UiSender) -> Result<()> {
+    fn build_test_layers(&self, images: Vec<ImageRef>, ui: &UiSender) -> Result<()> {
         let mut test_layers = self.test_layers.lock().unwrap();
         for image in images {
             if let Entry::Vacant(e) = test_layers.entry(image.clone()) {
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/pytest.rs b/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/pytest.rs
index e9b0cf0a..aeff3260 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/pytest.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-pytest/src/pytest.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
 use maelstrom_client::{
-    spec::{ImageSpec, LayerSpec},
+    spec::{ImageRef, LayerSpec},
     ProjectDir,
 };
 use maelstrom_test_runner::WaitStatus;
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn pytest_collect_tests(
     pytest_options: &PytestConfigValues,
     project_dir: &Root<ProjectDir>,
     build_dir: &Root<BuildDir>,
-    test_layers: HashMap<ImageSpec, LayerSpec>,
+    test_layers: HashMap<ImageRef, LayerSpec>,
 ) -> Result<(WaitHandle, TestArtifactStream)> {
     compile_python(project_dir.as_ref())?;
 
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-run/src/spec.rs b/crates/maelstrom-run/src/spec.rs
index 6ed9c5b0..5431ef69 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-run/src/spec.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-run/src/spec.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use maelstrom_base::{
     UserId, Utf8PathBuf,
 };
 use maelstrom_client::spec::{
-    incompatible, ContainerParent, ContainerSpec, EnvironmentSpec, Image, ImageSpec, ImageUse,
+    incompatible, ContainerParent, ContainerSpec, EnvironmentSpec, Image, ImageRef, ImageUse,
     IntoEnvironment, JobSpec, LayerSpec, PossiblyImage,
 };
 use serde::de::Error as _;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl Job {
             }
         };
         let parent = self.image.map(|image| {
-            ContainerParent::Image(ImageSpec {
+            ContainerParent::Image(ImageRef {
                 name: image,
                 r#use: image_use,
             })
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/deps.rs b/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/deps.rs
index debf3d22..2cc6982a 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/deps.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/deps.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{metadata::TestMetadata, ui};
 use anyhow::Result;
 use maelstrom_base::Utf8PathBuf;
-use maelstrom_client::spec::{ImageSpec, LayerSpec};
+use maelstrom_client::spec::{ImageRef, LayerSpec};
 use maelstrom_util::{process::ExitCode, template::TemplateVars};
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ pub trait CollectTests {
     fn get_packages(&self, ui: &ui::UiSender) -> Result<Vec<Self::Package>>;
 
     /// Build any test layers that might want to be used later. This function is allowed to block.
-    fn build_test_layers(&self, _images: Vec<ImageSpec>, _ui: &ui::UiSender) -> Result<()> {
+    fn build_test_layers(&self, _images: Vec<ImageRef>, _ui: &ui::UiSender) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/metadata.rs b/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/metadata.rs
index a65bcfce..af1cf3e9 100644
--- a/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/metadata.rs
+++ b/crates/maelstrom-test-runner/src/metadata.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use container::TestContainer;
 use directive::TestDirective;
 use maelstrom_base::{EnumSet, GroupId, JobMount, JobNetwork, Timeout, UserId, Utf8PathBuf};
 use maelstrom_client::{
-    spec::{ContainerParent, EnvironmentSpec, ImageSpec, ImageUse, LayerSpec, PossiblyImage},
+    spec::{ContainerParent, EnvironmentSpec, ImageRef, ImageUse, LayerSpec, PossiblyImage},
     ProjectDir,
 };
 use maelstrom_util::{fs::Fs, root::Root, template::TemplateVars};
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl TestMetadataContainer {
 
         if container.image.is_some() {
             self.parent = container.image.as_ref().map(|image| {
-                ContainerParent::Image(ImageSpec {
+                ContainerParent::Image(ImageRef {
                     name: image.into(),
                     r#use: image_use,
                 })
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ where
             .try_fold(TestMetadata::default(), |m, d| m.try_fold(d))
     }
 
-    pub fn get_all_images(&self) -> Vec<ImageSpec> {
+    pub fn get_all_images(&self) -> Vec<ImageRef> {
         self.directives
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|directive| {
-                directive.container.image.as_ref().map(|name| ImageSpec {
+                directive.container.image.as_ref().map(|name| ImageRef {
                     name: name.into(),
                     r#use: {
                         let mut image_use = EnumSet::new();
diff --git a/py/maelstrom_client/__init__.py b/py/maelstrom_client/__init__.py
index 7096341a..4d199037 100644
--- a/py/maelstrom_client/__init__.py
+++ b/py/maelstrom_client/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
     Duration,
     EnvironmentSpec,
     GlobLayer,
-    ImageSpec,
+    ImageRef,
     ImageUse,
     JobDevice,
     JobMount,
diff --git a/py/maelstrom_client/client.py b/py/maelstrom_client/client.py
index 04c32809..3f7d894b 100644
--- a/py/maelstrom_client/client.py
+++ b/py/maelstrom_client/client.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 from typing import Optional, Union, Protocol, Sequence
 from .items_pb2 import (
     GlobLayer,
-    ImageSpec,
+    ImageRef,
     JobMount,
     JobSpec,
     PathsLayer,
diff --git a/py/run_job.py b/py/run_job.py
index 80b4f5f5..8ee184c4 100755
--- a/py/run_job.py
+++ b/py/run_job.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import os
 import sys
 
-from maelstrom_client import Client, ImageSpec, ContainerSpec, ContainerRef, JobSpec, ImageUse, ContainerParent
+from maelstrom_client import Client, ImageRef, ContainerSpec, ContainerRef, JobSpec, ImageUse, ContainerParent
 
 def main():
     prog=sys.argv[1]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def main():
 
     client = Client(slots=4)
 
-    image = ImageSpec(name="docker://alpine", use=[ImageUse.IMAGE_USE_LAYERS])
+    image = ImageRef(name="docker://alpine", use=[ImageUse.IMAGE_USE_LAYERS])
     container = ContainerSpec(working_directory="/", parent=ContainerParent(image=image))
     spec = JobSpec(
         container=container,