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1857. Largest Color Value in a Directed Graph

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Description

There is a directed graph of n colored nodes and m edges. The nodes are numbered from 0 to n - 1.

You are given a string colors where colors[i] is a lowercase English letter representing the color of the ith node in this graph (0-indexed). You are also given a 2D array edges where edges[j] = [aj, bj] indicates that there is a directed edge from node aj to node bj.

A valid path in the graph is a sequence of nodes x1 -> x2 -> x3 -> ... -> xk such that there is a directed edge from xi to xi+1 for every 1 <= i < k. The color value of the path is the number of nodes that are colored the most frequently occurring color along that path.

Return the largest color value of any valid path in the given graph, or -1 if the graph contains a cycle.

 

Example 1:

Input: colors = "abaca", edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[2,3],[3,4]]

Output: 3

Explanation: The path 0 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 contains 3 nodes that are colored "a" (red in the above image).

Example 2:

Input: colors = "a", edges = [[0,0]]

Output: -1

Explanation: There is a cycle from 0 to 0.

 

Constraints:

<li><code>n == colors.length</code></li>

<li><code>m == edges.length</code></li>

<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>

<li><code>0 &lt;= m &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>

<li><code>colors</code> consists of lowercase English letters.</li>

<li><code>0 &lt;= a<sub>j</sub>, b<sub>j</sub>&nbsp;&lt; n</code></li>

Solutions

Python3

class Solution:
    def largestPathValue(self, colors: str, edges: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        n = len(colors)
        indeg = [0] * n
        g = defaultdict(list)
        for a, b in edges:
            g[a].append(b)
            indeg[b] += 1
        q = deque()
        dp = [[0] * 26 for _ in range(n)]
        for i, v in enumerate(indeg):
            if v == 0:
                q.append(i)
                c = ord(colors[i]) - ord('a')
                dp[i][c] += 1
        cnt = 0
        ans = 1
        while q:
            i = q.popleft()
            cnt += 1
            for j in g[i]:
                indeg[j] -= 1
                if indeg[j] == 0:
                    q.append(j)
                c = ord(colors[j]) - ord('a')
                for k in range(26):
                    dp[j][k] = max(dp[j][k], dp[i][k] + (c == k))
                    ans = max(ans, dp[j][k])
        return -1 if cnt < n else ans

Java

class Solution {
    public int largestPathValue(String colors, int[][] edges) {
        int n = colors.length();
        List<Integer>[] g = new List[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            g[i] = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        int[] indeg = new int[n];
        for (int[] e : edges) {
            int a = e[0], b = e[1];
            g[a].add(b);
            ++indeg[b];
        }
        Deque<Integer> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
        int[][] dp = new int[n][26];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (indeg[i] == 0) {
                q.offer(i);
                int c = colors.charAt(i) - 'a';
                ++dp[i][c];
            }
        }
        int cnt = 0;
        int ans = 1;
        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            int i = q.pollFirst();
            ++cnt;
            for (int j : g[i]) {
                if (--indeg[j] == 0) {
                    q.offer(j);
                }
                int c = colors.charAt(j) - 'a';
                for (int k = 0; k < 26; ++k) {
                    dp[j][k] = Math.max(dp[j][k], dp[i][k] + (c == k ? 1 : 0));
                    ans = Math.max(ans, dp[j][k]);
                }
            }
        }
        return cnt == n ? ans : -1;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int largestPathValue(string colors, vector<vector<int>>& edges) {
        int n = colors.size();
        vector<vector<int>> g(n);
        vector<int> indeg(n);
        for (auto& e : edges) {
            int a = e[0], b = e[1];
            g[a].push_back(b);
            ++indeg[b];
        }
        queue<int> q;
        vector<vector<int>> dp(n, vector<int>(26));
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (indeg[i] == 0) {
                q.push(i);
                int c = colors[i] - 'a';
                dp[i][c]++;
            }
        }
        int cnt = 0;
        int ans = 1;
        while (!q.empty()) {
            int i = q.front();
            q.pop();
            ++cnt;
            for (int j : g[i]) {
                if (--indeg[j] == 0) q.push(j);
                int c = colors[j] - 'a';
                for (int k = 0; k < 26; ++k) {
                    dp[j][k] = max(dp[j][k], dp[i][k] + (c == k));
                    ans = max(ans, dp[j][k]);
                }
            }
        }
        return cnt == n ? ans : -1;
    }
};

Go

func largestPathValue(colors string, edges [][]int) int {
	n := len(colors)
	g := make([][]int, n)
	indeg := make([]int, n)
	for _, e := range edges {
		a, b := e[0], e[1]
		g[a] = append(g[a], b)
		indeg[b]++
	}
	q := []int{}
	dp := make([][]int, n)
	for i := range dp {
		dp[i] = make([]int, 26)
	}
	for i, v := range indeg {
		if v == 0 {
			q = append(q, i)
			c := colors[i] - 'a'
			dp[i][c]++
		}
	}
	cnt := 0
	ans := 1
	for len(q) > 0 {
		i := q[0]
		q = q[1:]
		cnt++
		for _, j := range g[i] {
			indeg[j]--
			if indeg[j] == 0 {
				q = append(q, j)
			}
			c := int(colors[j] - 'a')
			for k := 0; k < 26; k++ {
				t := 0
				if c == k {
					t = 1
				}
				dp[j][k] = max(dp[j][k], dp[i][k]+t)
				ans = max(ans, dp[j][k])
			}
		}
	}
	if cnt == n {
		return ans
	}
	return -1
}

func max(a, b int) int {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

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