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English Version

题目描述

某种外星语也使用英文小写字母,但可能顺序 order 不同。字母表的顺序(order)是一些小写字母的排列。

给定一组用外星语书写的单词 words,以及其字母表的顺序 order,只有当给定的单词在这种外星语中按字典序排列时,返回 true;否则,返回 false

 

示例 1:

输入:words = ["hello","leetcode"], order = "hlabcdefgijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"
输出:true
解释:在该语言的字母表中,'h' 位于 'l' 之前,所以单词序列是按字典序排列的。

示例 2:

输入:words = ["word","world","row"], order = "worldabcefghijkmnpqstuvxyz"
输出:false
解释:在该语言的字母表中,'d' 位于 'l' 之后,那么 words[0] > words[1],因此单词序列不是按字典序排列的。

示例 3:

输入:words = ["apple","app"], order = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
输出:false
解释:当前三个字符 "app" 匹配时,第二个字符串相对短一些,然后根据词典编纂规则 "apple" > "app",因为 'l' > '∅',其中 '∅' 是空白字符,定义为比任何其他字符都小(更多信息)。

 

提示:

  • 1 <= words.length <= 100
  • 1 <= words[i].length <= 20
  • order.length == 26
  • 在 words[i] 和 order 中的所有字符都是英文小写字母。

解法

用数组或哈希表存放字母顺序。依次遍历单词列表,检测相邻两单词是否满足字典序。

Python3

class Solution:
    def isAlienSorted(self, words: List[str], order: str) -> bool:
        m = {c: i for i, c in enumerate(order)}
        for i in range(20):
            prev = -1
            valid = True
            for x in words:
                curr = -1 if i >= len(x) else m[x[i]]
                if prev > curr:
                    return False
                if prev == curr:
                    valid = False
                prev = curr
            if valid:
                return True
        return True

Java

class Solution {
    public boolean isAlienSorted(String[] words, String order) {
        int[] m = new int[26];
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
            m[order.charAt(i) - 'a'] = i;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            int prev = -1;
            boolean valid = true;
            for (String x : words) {
                int curr = i >= x.length() ? -1 : m[x.charAt(i) - 'a'];
                if (prev > curr) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (prev == curr) {
                    valid = false;
                }
                prev = curr;
            }
            if (valid) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    bool isAlienSorted(vector<string>& words, string order) {
        vector<int> m(26);
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) m[order[i] - 'a'] = i;
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            int prev = -1;
            bool valid = true;
            for (auto& x : words) {
                int curr = i >= x.size() ? -1 : m[x[i] - 'a'];
                if (prev > curr) return false;
                if (prev == curr) valid = false;
                prev = curr;
            }
            if (valid) break;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

Go

func isAlienSorted(words []string, order string) bool {
	m := make([]int, 26)
	for i, c := range order {
		m[c-'a'] = i
	}
	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
		prev := -1
		valid := true
		for _, x := range words {
			curr := -1
			if i < len(x) {
				curr = m[x[i]-'a']
			}
			if prev > curr {
				return false
			}
			if prev == curr {
				valid = false
			}
			prev = curr
		}
		if valid {
			break
		}
	}
	return true
}

Rust

use std::collections::HashMap;
impl Solution {
    pub fn is_alien_sorted(words: Vec<String>, order: String) -> bool {
        let n = words.len();
        let mut map = HashMap::new();
        order.as_bytes().iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, &v)| {
            map.insert(v, i);
        });
        for i in 1..n {
            let s1 = words[i - 1].as_bytes();
            let s2 = words[i].as_bytes();
            let mut is_equal = true;
            for i in 0..s1.len().min(s2.len()) {
                if map.get(&s1[i]) > map.get(&s2[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
                if map.get(&s1[i]) < map.get(&s2[i]) {
                    is_equal = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if is_equal && s1.len() > s2.len() {
                return false;
            }
        }
        true
    }
}

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