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English Version

题目描述

给定一个整数数组 nums 和一个整数目标值 target,请你在该数组中找出 和为目标值 target  的那 两个 整数,并返回它们的数组下标。

你可以假设每种输入只会对应一个答案。但是,数组中同一个元素在答案里不能重复出现。

你可以按任意顺序返回答案。

 

示例 1:

输入:nums = [2,7,11,15], target = 9
输出:[0,1]
解释:因为 nums[0] + nums[1] == 9 ,返回 [0, 1] 。

示例 2:

输入:nums = [3,2,4], target = 6
输出:[1,2]

示例 3:

输入:nums = [3,3], target = 6
输出:[0,1]

 

提示:

  • 2 <= nums.length <= 104
  • -109 <= nums[i] <= 109
  • -109 <= target <= 109
  • 只会存在一个有效答案

进阶:你可以想出一个时间复杂度小于 O(n2) 的算法吗?

解法

方法一:哈希表

用哈希表(字典)存放数组值以及对应的下标。

遍历数组,当发现 target - nums[i] 在哈希表中,说明找到了目标值。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是数组 nums 的长度。

Python3

class Solution:
    def twoSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
        m = {}
        for i, v in enumerate(nums):
            x = target - v
            if x in m:
                return [m[x], i]
            m[v] = i

Java

class Solution {
    public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
        Map<Integer, Integer> m = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            int v = nums[i];
            int x = target - v;
            if (m.containsKey(x)) {
                return new int[] {m.get(x), i};
            }
            m.put(v, i);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        unordered_map<int, int> m;
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            int v = nums[i];
            int x = target - v;
            if (m.count(x)) return {m[x], i};
            m[v] = i;
        }
        return {};
    }
};

Go

func twoSum(nums []int, target int) []int {
	m := map[int]int{}
	for i, v := range nums {
		x := target - v
		if j, ok := m[x]; ok {
			return []int{j, i}
		}
		m[v] = i
	}
	return nil
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} target
 * @return {number[]}
 */
var twoSum = function (nums, target) {
    const m = new Map();
    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
        const v = nums[i];
        const x = target - v;
        if (m.has(x)) {
            return [m.get(x), i];
        }
        m.set(v, i);
    }
    return [];
};

C#

public class Solution {
    public int[] TwoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
        var m = new Dictionary<int, int>();
        for (var i = 0; i < nums.Length; ++i)
        {
            int j;
            int v = nums[i];
            int x = target - v;
            if (m.TryGetValue(x, out j))
            {
                return new [] {j, i};
            }
            if (!m.ContainsKey(v))
            {
                m.Add(v, i);
            }

        }
        return null;
    }
}

Swift

class Solution {
    func twoSum(_ nums: [Int], _ target: Int) -> [Int] {
        var map = [Int: Int]()
        var i = 0
        for num in nums {
            map[num] = i
            i = i + 1
        }
        i = 0
        for num in nums {
            if let otherIndex = map[target - num], otherIndex != i {
                return [i, otherIndex]
            }
            i = i + 1
        }
        return []
    }
}

Nim

import std/enumerate

proc twoSum(nums: seq[int], target: int): seq[int] =
    var
        bal: int
        tdx: int
    for idx, val in enumerate(nums):
        bal = target - val
        if bal in nums:
            tdx = nums.find(bal)
            if idx != tdx:
                return @[idx, tdx]

Rust

use std::collections::HashMap;

pub fn soluation(nums: Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Vec<i32> {
    let mut map = HashMap::new();
    for (i, item) in nums.iter().enumerate() {
        if map.contains_key(item) {
            return vec![i as i32, map[item]];
        } else {
            let x = target - nums[i];
            map.insert(x, i as i32);
        }
    }
    unreachable!()
}

...