diff --git a/src/App.jsx b/src/App.jsx
index 82bd8c9..2309d74 100644
--- a/src/App.jsx
+++ b/src/App.jsx
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import BookSearch from "./components/BookSearch";
 import BookList from "./components/BookList";
 import Header from "./components/Header";
 import useFetchBooks from "./hooks/useFetchBooks";
-import CenterdSpinner from "./components/CenteredSpinner";
+import CenteredSpinner from "./components/CenteredSpinner";
 import "./App.css";
 
 const App = () => {
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const App = () => {
     language: "en",
     sortType: "relevance",
   });
+  
   const { books, loading, error, success } = useFetchBooks(searchParams);
 
   const handleSearch = (searchValue, searchType, language, sortType) => {
@@ -20,11 +21,11 @@ const App = () => {
   };
 
   return (
-    <div>
+    <div role="main"> {/* Indicate main content for assistive technologies */}
       <Header />
       <BookSearch onSearch={handleSearch} searchParams={searchParams} />
-      {loading && <CenterdSpinner />}
-      {error && <p>Error: {error.message}</p>}
+      {loading && <CenteredSpinner />}
+      {error && <p aria-live="assertive">Error: {error.message}</p>} {/* Announce error messages */}
       {success && <BookList books={books} />}
     </div>
   );
diff --git a/src/components/BookItem.jsx b/src/components/BookItem.jsx
index aa773e0..704368f 100644
--- a/src/components/BookItem.jsx
+++ b/src/components/BookItem.jsx
@@ -22,13 +22,20 @@ export default function BookItem({ book }) {
 
   return (
     <div>
-      <Card sx={cardStyle} onClick={handleOpen}>
+      <Card
+        sx={cardStyle}
+        onClick={handleOpen}
+        role="button" // Ensure the Card behaves like a button
+        tabIndex={0} // Make the Card focusable
+        onKeyPress={(e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter') handleOpen(); }} // Allow keyboard activation
+        aria-label={`View details for ${title} by ${authors?.join(", ")}`} // Provide an accessible label
+      >
         <CardMedia
           component="img"
           sx={{ objectFit: "contain" }}
           height="200"
           image={imageLinks?.thumbnail?.replace(/&edge=curl/g, "")}
-          alt={`Cover of ${title} by ${authors?.join(", ")}`}
+          alt={`Cover of ${title} by ${authors?.join(", ")}`} // Alt text already descriptive
         />
         <CardActions
           disableSpacing
@@ -40,7 +47,13 @@ export default function BookItem({ book }) {
             justifyContent: "center",
           }}
         >
-          <MoreHorizIcon sx={{ height: "2em", width: "2em" }} />
+          <MoreHorizIcon 
+            sx={{ height: "2em", width: "2em" }} 
+            aria-label="More options" // Add label for icon button
+            role="button" // Indicate that it's a button
+            tabIndex={0} // Make it focusable
+            onKeyPress={(e) => { if (e.key === 'Enter') handleOpen(); }} // Allow keyboard activation
+          />
         </CardActions>
       </Card>
       <BookItemBack
diff --git a/src/components/BookItemBack.jsx b/src/components/BookItemBack.jsx
index 4124f28..db6d512 100644
--- a/src/components/BookItemBack.jsx
+++ b/src/components/BookItemBack.jsx
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export default function BookItemBack({
       onClose={handleClose}
       aria-labelledby="modal-modal-title"
       aria-describedby="modal-modal-authors"
+      closeAfterTransition // Improves focus management and accessibility
     >
       <Box
         sx={{
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ export default function BookItemBack({
           alignItems: "center",
           justifyContent: "space-evenly",
         }}
+        role="dialog" // Indicate this Box is a dialog
+        aria-modal="true" // Indicate it is a modal
       >
         <Box className="text-wrapper">
           <Typography id="modal-modal-title" variant="h6" component="h2">
@@ -51,14 +54,8 @@ export default function BookItemBack({
             {authors?.join(", ")}
           </Typography>
         </Box>
-        <IconButton aria-label="link to book">
-          <a
-            href={canonicalVolumeLink}
-            target="_blank"
-            rel="noopener noreferrer"
-          >
-            <LinkIcon sx={{ height: "2em", width: "2em" }} />
-          </a>
+        <IconButton aria-label="Link to book" onClick={() => window.open(canonicalVolumeLink, '_blank', 'noopener,noreferrer')}>
+          <LinkIcon sx={{ height: "2em", width: "2em" }} />
         </IconButton>
       </Box>
     </Modal>
diff --git a/src/components/BookList.jsx b/src/components/BookList.jsx
index b67b5c9..98af04c 100644
--- a/src/components/BookList.jsx
+++ b/src/components/BookList.jsx
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ const BookList = ({ books }) => {
   const indexOfFirstBook = indexOfLastBook - booksPerPage;
   const currentBooks = books.slice(indexOfFirstBook, indexOfLastBook);
   const paginate = (pageNumber) => setCurrentPage(pageNumber);
+
   return (
     <>
       <Box
@@ -21,7 +22,10 @@ const BookList = ({ books }) => {
           gap: "1rem",
           marginBottom: "2rem",
         }}
+        role="region" // Indicate this is a region of related content
+        aria-labelledby="book-list-title" // Link to the heading
       >
+        <h2 id="book-list-title" style={{ display: 'none' }}>Book List</h2> {/* Hidden heading for screen readers */}
         {currentBooks.map((book, index) => (
           <BookItem key={book.id || index} book={book} />
         ))}
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ const BookList = ({ books }) => {
       <Box
         className="pagination-wrapper"
         sx={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center" }}
+        role="navigation" // Indicate this is a navigation region
+        aria-label="Pagination controls" // Provide a label for navigation
       >
         <Paginate
           booksPerPage={booksPerPage}
diff --git a/src/components/BookSearch.jsx b/src/components/BookSearch.jsx
index b684273..53a7b98 100644
--- a/src/components/BookSearch.jsx
+++ b/src/components/BookSearch.jsx
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ const BookSearch = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
         alignItems: "center",
         marginBottom: 2,
       }}
+      role="region" // Indicate this is a search region
+      aria-labelledby="book-search-title" // Link to the title
     >
+      <h2 id="book-search-title" style={{ display: 'none' }}>Book Search</h2> {/* Hidden heading for screen readers */}
       <TextField
         label="Search for books"
         value={searchValue}
@@ -51,10 +54,11 @@ const BookSearch = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
         InputProps={{
           endAdornment: (
             <InputAdornment position="end">
-              <Search />
+              <Search aria-hidden="true" /> {/* Hide icon from screen readers */}
             </InputAdornment>
           ),
         }}
+        aria-label="Search for books" // Provide label for assistive technologies
       />
       <Box sx={{ display: "flex", gap: 2, width: "100%" }}>
         <Select
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@ const BookSearch = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
           onChange={(e) => setSearchType(e.target.value)}
           variant="outlined"
           fullWidth
+          aria-label="Select search type" // Provide label for assistive technologies
         >
           <MenuItem value="title">Title</MenuItem>
           <MenuItem value="author">Author</MenuItem>
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ const BookSearch = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
           onChange={(e) => setLanguage(e.target.value)}
           variant="outlined"
           fullWidth
+          aria-label="Select language" // Provide label for assistive technologies
         >
           {languages.map((language) => (
             <MenuItem key={language.lang} value={language.lang}>
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@ const BookSearch = ({ onSearch, searchParams }) => {
           onChange={(e) => setSortType(e.target.value)}
           variant="outlined"
           fullWidth
+          aria-label="Select sort type" // Provide label for assistive technologies
         >
           <MenuItem value="relevance">Relevance</MenuItem>
           <MenuItem value="newest">Newest</MenuItem>
diff --git a/src/components/CenteredSpinner.tsx b/src/components/CenteredSpinner.tsx
index 867a715..bf7e7ed 100644
--- a/src/components/CenteredSpinner.tsx
+++ b/src/components/CenteredSpinner.tsx
@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@ import React from 'react';
 import CircularProgress from '@mui/material/CircularProgress';
 import Box from '@mui/material/Box';
 
-interface CenterdSpinnerProps{
-    height?: number;
-    size?: number;
+interface CenteredSpinnerProps {
+  height?: number;
+  size?: number;
 }
 
-const CenterdSpinner = ({height, size}:CenterdSpinnerProps) => {
-
+const CenteredSpinner = ({ height, size }: CenteredSpinnerProps) => {
   return (
     <Box
       sx={{
@@ -18,12 +17,14 @@ const CenterdSpinner = ({height, size}:CenterdSpinnerProps) => {
         display: 'flex',
         alignItems: 'center',
         justifyContent: 'center',
-        mt: 2
+        mt: 2,
       }}
+      role="status" // Indicate that this is a loading status
+      aria-live="polite" // Notify screen readers of loading status
     >
-      <CircularProgress size={size}/>
+      <CircularProgress size={size} aria-label="Loading..." /> {/* Provide label for accessibility */}
     </Box>
   );
 };
 
-export default CenterdSpinner;
\ No newline at end of file
+export default CenteredSpinner;
diff --git a/src/components/Header.jsx b/src/components/Header.jsx
index 82e21dc..91f1a94 100644
--- a/src/components/Header.jsx
+++ b/src/components/Header.jsx
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ const Header = () => {
       <img
         className="header-img"
         src="./bookfinderlogo.svg"
-        alt="Book Finder Header"
-      ></img>
+        alt="Book Finder logo" // Simplified alt text
+        role="img" // Indicate that this is an image
+      />
     </header>
   );
 };
diff --git a/src/components/Paginate.jsx b/src/components/Paginate.jsx
index 69c08f2..b1ce4fc 100644
--- a/src/components/Paginate.jsx
+++ b/src/components/Paginate.jsx
@@ -5,9 +5,17 @@ const Paginate = ({ booksPerPage, totalBooks, paginate }) => {
   for (let i = 1; i <= Math.ceil(totalBooks / booksPerPage); i++) {
     pageNumber.push(i);
   }
+
   return (
-    <Box>
-      <Pagination count={pageNumber.length} onChange={(e, p) => paginate(p)} />
+    <Box
+      role="navigation" // Indicate that this is a navigation section
+      aria-label="Pagination controls" // Provide a label for the navigation
+    >
+      <Pagination
+        count={pageNumber.length}
+        onChange={(e, p) => paginate(p)}
+        aria-label="Page navigation" // Provide an accessible label for pagination
+      />
     </Box>
   );
 };