diff --git a/outlines/caching.py b/outlines/caching.py
index 6fdda6214..6f05dd665 100644
--- a/outlines/caching.py
+++ b/outlines/caching.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
+import fcntl
 import functools
 import os
 from typing import Callable, Optional
@@ -11,6 +12,21 @@
 _caching_enabled = True
 
 
+class FileLock:
+    def __init__(self, lock_path):
+        lock_dir = os.path.dirname(lock_path)
+        os.makedirs(lock_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        self.lock_file = open(lock_path, "a+")
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        fcntl.flock(self.lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
+        return self.lock_file
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        fcntl.flock(self.lock_file, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+        self.lock_file.close()
+
+
 class CloudpickleDisk(Disk):
     def __init__(self, directory, compress_level=1, **kwargs):
         self.compress_level = compress_level
@@ -52,12 +68,13 @@ def get_cache():
 
     home_dir = os.path.expanduser("~")
     cache_dir = os.environ.get("OUTLINES_CACHE_DIR", f"{home_dir}/.cache/outlines")
-    memory = Cache(
-        cache_dir,
-        eviction_policy="none",
-        cull_limit=0,
-        disk=CloudpickleDisk,
-    )
+    with FileLock(os.path.join(cache_dir, "outlines_cache.lock")):
+        memory = Cache(
+            cache_dir,
+            eviction_policy="none",
+            cull_limit=0,
+            disk=CloudpickleDisk,
+        )
 
     # ensure if version upgrade occurs, old cache is pruned
     if outlines_version != memory.get("__version__"):