diff --git a/src/Application.php b/src/Application.php
index 9fc812a6..5d34785b 100644
--- a/src/Application.php
+++ b/src/Application.php
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@ class Application implements
      */
     public function __construct(
         protected ServiceManager $serviceManager,
-        EventManagerInterface $events = null,
-        RequestInterface $request = null,
-        ResponseInterface $response = null
+        ?EventManagerInterface $events = null,
+        ?RequestInterface $request = null,
+        ?ResponseInterface $response = null
     ) {
         $this->setEventManager($events ?: $serviceManager->get('EventManager'));
         $this->request        = $request ?: $serviceManager->get('Request');
diff --git a/src/MiddlewareListener.php b/src/MiddlewareListener.php
index cfa4408e..77368112 100644
--- a/src/MiddlewareListener.php
+++ b/src/MiddlewareListener.php
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ protected function marshalInvalidMiddleware(
         $middlewareName,
         MvcEvent $event,
         Application $application,
-        Exception $exception = null
+        ?Exception $exception = null
     ) {
         $event->setName(MvcEvent::EVENT_DISPATCH_ERROR);
         $event->setError($type);
diff --git a/src/Service/AbstractPluginManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/AbstractPluginManagerFactory.php
index 60182fa0..1c2ed0b0 100644
--- a/src/Service/AbstractPluginManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/AbstractPluginManagerFactory.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPluginManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return AbstractPluginManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $options            = $options ?: [];
         $pluginManagerClass = static::PLUGIN_MANAGER_CLASS;
diff --git a/src/Service/ApplicationFactory.php b/src/Service/ApplicationFactory.php
index 3436f225..25d4cd5c 100644
--- a/src/Service/ApplicationFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ApplicationFactory.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ApplicationFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return Application
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new Application(
             $container,
diff --git a/src/Service/ControllerManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/ControllerManagerFactory.php
index 14ce12a9..c538d92d 100644
--- a/src/Service/ControllerManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ControllerManagerFactory.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class ControllerManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ControllerManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         if ($options) {
             return new ControllerManager($container, $options);
diff --git a/src/Service/DispatchListenerFactory.php b/src/Service/DispatchListenerFactory.php
index 62b0cb37..c7f89048 100644
--- a/src/Service/DispatchListenerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/DispatchListenerFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class DispatchListenerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return DispatchListener
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new DispatchListener($container->get('ControllerManager'));
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/EventManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/EventManagerFactory.php
index d5818e0c..213e2c05 100644
--- a/src/Service/EventManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/EventManagerFactory.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class EventManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return EventManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $shared = $container->has('SharedEventManager') ? $container->get('SharedEventManager') : null;
 
diff --git a/src/Service/HttpDefaultRenderingStrategyFactory.php b/src/Service/HttpDefaultRenderingStrategyFactory.php
index ba310e5d..ac2acbea 100644
--- a/src/Service/HttpDefaultRenderingStrategyFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/HttpDefaultRenderingStrategyFactory.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class HttpDefaultRenderingStrategyFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return DefaultRenderingStrategy
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $strategy = new DefaultRenderingStrategy($container->get(View::class));
         $config   = $this->getConfig($container);
diff --git a/src/Service/HttpExceptionStrategyFactory.php b/src/Service/HttpExceptionStrategyFactory.php
index b4c55dea..4ff562b9 100644
--- a/src/Service/HttpExceptionStrategyFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/HttpExceptionStrategyFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class HttpExceptionStrategyFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ExceptionStrategy
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $strategy = new ExceptionStrategy();
         $config   = $this->getConfig($container);
diff --git a/src/Service/HttpMethodListenerFactory.php b/src/Service/HttpMethodListenerFactory.php
index 6152ebc3..bd3f7903 100644
--- a/src/Service/HttpMethodListenerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/HttpMethodListenerFactory.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class HttpMethodListenerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * {@inheritdoc}
      * @return HttpMethodListener
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $config = $container->get('config');
 
diff --git a/src/Service/HttpRouteNotFoundStrategyFactory.php b/src/Service/HttpRouteNotFoundStrategyFactory.php
index 1e33511c..71fc1ca3 100644
--- a/src/Service/HttpRouteNotFoundStrategyFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/HttpRouteNotFoundStrategyFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class HttpRouteNotFoundStrategyFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return RouteNotFoundStrategy
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $strategy = new RouteNotFoundStrategy();
         $config   = $this->getConfig($container);
diff --git a/src/Service/HttpViewManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/HttpViewManagerFactory.php
index cda573d0..eb7cf67e 100644
--- a/src/Service/HttpViewManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/HttpViewManagerFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class HttpViewManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return HttpViewManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new HttpViewManager();
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/InjectTemplateListenerFactory.php b/src/Service/InjectTemplateListenerFactory.php
index b7d27d78..9b29844a 100644
--- a/src/Service/InjectTemplateListenerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/InjectTemplateListenerFactory.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class InjectTemplateListenerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      *
      * @return InjectTemplateListener
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $listener = new InjectTemplateListener();
         $config   = $container->get('config');
diff --git a/src/Service/ModuleManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/ModuleManagerFactory.php
index 1fbde489..762b3284 100644
--- a/src/Service/ModuleManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ModuleManagerFactory.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class ModuleManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ModuleManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $configuration    = $container->get('ApplicationConfig');
         $listenerOptions  = new ListenerOptions($configuration['module_listener_options']);
diff --git a/src/Service/RequestFactory.php b/src/Service/RequestFactory.php
index 77d2e0ee..1a46026b 100644
--- a/src/Service/RequestFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/RequestFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class RequestFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return HttpRequest
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new HttpRequest();
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/ResponseFactory.php b/src/Service/ResponseFactory.php
index bd870714..714fbac9 100644
--- a/src/Service/ResponseFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ResponseFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ResponseFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return HttpResponse
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new HttpResponse();
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/ServiceListenerFactory.php b/src/Service/ServiceListenerFactory.php
index bb95f09e..fb71041f 100644
--- a/src/Service/ServiceListenerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ServiceListenerFactory.php
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class ServiceListenerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @throws ServiceNotCreatedException for invalid ServiceListener service
      * @throws ServiceNotCreatedException For invalid configurations.
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $requestedName, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $requestedName, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $configuration   = $container->get('ApplicationConfig');
 
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewFactory.php
index 934eacd1..aa0c25e3 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewFactory.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ViewFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return View
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $view   = new View();
         $events = $container->get('EventManager');
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewHelperManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewHelperManagerFactory.php
index 17f5148c..83b4acf6 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewHelperManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewHelperManagerFactory.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class ViewHelperManagerFactory extends AbstractPluginManagerFactory
      * @return HelperPluginManager
      * @throws ServiceNotCreatedException
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $requestedName, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $requestedName, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $options = $options ?: [];
         $options['factories'] ??= [];
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewManagerFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewManagerFactory.php
index aed5ba67..6747cbb8 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewManagerFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewManagerFactory.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ViewManagerFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return HttpViewManager
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return $container->get('HttpViewManager');
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererFactory.php
index 2472f07d..5686c124 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererFactory.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class ViewPhpRendererFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return PhpRenderer
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $renderer = new PhpRenderer();
         $renderer->setHelperPluginManager($container->get('ViewHelperManager'));
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererStrategyFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererStrategyFactory.php
index da178645..ce83c472 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererStrategyFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewPhpRendererStrategyFactory.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ViewPhpRendererStrategyFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return PhpRendererStrategy
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         return new PhpRendererStrategy($container->get(PhpRenderer::class));
     }
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewPrefixPathStackResolverFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewPrefixPathStackResolverFactory.php
index 9d473adc..baa3c82d 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewPrefixPathStackResolverFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewPrefixPathStackResolverFactory.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ViewPrefixPathStackResolverFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return PrefixPathStackResolver
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $config   = $container->get('config');
         $prefixes = [];
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewResolverFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewResolverFactory.php
index 63bb8105..9f81c68e 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewResolverFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewResolverFactory.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class ViewResolverFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ViewResolver\AggregateResolver
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $resolver = new ViewResolver\AggregateResolver();
 
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewTemplateMapResolverFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewTemplateMapResolverFactory.php
index aa69bb0d..28f357f1 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewTemplateMapResolverFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewTemplateMapResolverFactory.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class ViewTemplateMapResolverFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ViewResolver\TemplateMapResolver
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $config = $container->get('config');
         $map = [];
diff --git a/src/Service/ViewTemplatePathStackFactory.php b/src/Service/ViewTemplatePathStackFactory.php
index fd364ba8..3c63e75a 100644
--- a/src/Service/ViewTemplatePathStackFactory.php
+++ b/src/Service/ViewTemplatePathStackFactory.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class ViewTemplatePathStackFactory implements FactoryInterface
      * @param  null|array $options
      * @return ViewResolver\TemplatePathStack
      */
-    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, array $options = null)
+    public function __invoke(ContainerInterface $container, $name, ?array $options = null)
     {
         $config = $container->get('config');