diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f665cff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1041 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+/**
+ * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+ * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+ * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		the component type of the array
+ * @param values
+ * 		the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+ * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+ * @since 3.0
+ */
+public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+    {
+        for (final T val : /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        values) {
+            if (val != null) {
+                return val;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..188fd11ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 147,
+    "npe_method": "firstNonNull",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_121"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e6c6ee6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_121/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 147,
+    "npe_method": "firstNonNull",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7237a475f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1041 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+/**
+ * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+ * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+ * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+ * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		the component type of the array
+ * @param values
+ * 		the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+ * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+ * @since 3.0
+ */
+public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+    {
+        for (final T val : values) {
+            {
+                return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+                val;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad606e991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 149,
+    "npe_method": "firstNonNull",
+    "deref_field": "val",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_123"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9df16886b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_123/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 149,
+    "npe_method": "firstNonNull",
+    "deref_field": "val",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7656a0aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+/**
+ * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+ * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+ * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+ * is returned.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+ * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param values
+ * 		the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+ * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+{@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+ * @since 3.5
+ */
+public static boolean allNotNull(final java.lang.Object... values) {
+    {
+        for (final java.lang.Object val : /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..310884463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 212,
+    "npe_method": "allNotNull",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_184"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b438502e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_184/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 212,
+    "npe_method": "allNotNull",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c75e486ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1033 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+/**
+ * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+ * object is {@code null}.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param obj
+ * 		the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+ * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+ * @since 2.1
+ * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+removed in future releases
+ */
+public static int hashCode(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+    return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+    obj.hashCode();
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5696e70e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 289,
+    "npe_method": "hashCode",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_272"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f433b8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_272/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 289,
+    "npe_method": "hashCode",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35ea8f574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+/**
+ * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+ * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+ * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+ * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+ * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param objects
+ * 		the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+ * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+ * @since 3.0
+ * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+removed in future releases.
+ */
+public static int hashCodeMulti(final java.lang.Object... objects) {
+    int hash = 1;
+    {
+        for (final java.lang.Object object : /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        objects) {
+            final int tmpHash = org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+            hash = (hash * 31) + tmpHash;
+        }
+    }
+    return hash;
+}
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aff44eae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 325,
+    "npe_method": "hashCodeMulti",
+    "deref_field": "objects",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_300"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de72345a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_300/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 325,
+    "npe_method": "hashCodeMulti",
+    "deref_field": "objects",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f0c1e7ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1035 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+// Identity ToString
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+ * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+ * will return {@code null}.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+ * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+ * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param object
+ * 		the object to create a toString for, may be
+ * 		{@code null}
+ * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+{@code null} passed in
+ */
+public static java.lang.String identityToString(final java.lang.Object object) {
+    {
+        final java.lang.StringBuilder builder = new java.lang.StringBuilder();
+        org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7184dbaf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 350,
+    "npe_method": "identityToString",
+    "deref_field": "object",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_328"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af76f316f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_328/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 350,
+    "npe_method": "identityToString",
+    "deref_field": "object",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d88cc9e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+// ToString
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+ * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+ * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+ * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+ * @param obj
+ * 		the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+ * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+ * @since 2.0
+ * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+ */
+public static java.lang.String toString(final java.lang.Object obj) {
+    return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+    obj.toString();
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67b1fedb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 481,
+    "npe_method": "toString",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_457"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99a6cd164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_457/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 481,
+    "npe_method": "toString",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f432aabbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1040 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+/**
+ * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+ * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+ * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+ * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+ * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+ * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+ * @param obj
+ * 		the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+ * @param nullStr
+ * 		the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+ * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+ * @since 2.0
+ * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+will be removed in future releases.
+ */
+public static java.lang.String toString(final java.lang.Object obj, final java.lang.String nullStr) {
+    return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+    obj.toString();
+}
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..516e94023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 507,
+    "npe_method": "toString",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_483"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcf9b46f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_483/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 507,
+    "npe_method": "toString",
+    "deref_field": "obj",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a88cd6279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1033 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+// Comparable
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		type of the values processed by this method
+ * @param values
+ * 		the set of comparable values, may be null
+ * @return <ul>
+<li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+<li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+<li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+<li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+</ul>
+ */
+public static <T extends java.lang.Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+    T result = null;
+    {
+        for (final T value : /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        values) {
+            if (org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils.compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                result = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a7927a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 521,
+    "npe_method": "min",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_503"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..774ca40cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_503/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 521,
+    "npe_method": "min",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..879602648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1031 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+/**
+ * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		type of the values processed by this method
+ * @param values
+ * 		the set of comparable values, may be null
+ * @return <ul>
+<li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+<li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+<li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+<li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+</ul>
+ */
+public static <T extends java.lang.Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+    T result = null;
+    {
+        for (final T value : /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+        values) {
+            if (org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils.compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                result = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..863f5f6ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 544,
+    "npe_method": "max",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_528"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be6e65f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_528/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 544,
+    "npe_method": "max",
+    "deref_field": "values",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd1299b3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+// Mode
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		type of values processed by this method
+ * @param items
+ * 		to check
+ * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+ * @since 3.0.1
+ */
+public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+    if (org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+        final java.util.HashMap<T, org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt> occurrences = new java.util.HashMap<T, org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt>(items.length);
+        for (final T t : items) {
+            final org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+            {
+                /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+                count.increment();
+            }
+        }
+        T result = null;
+        int max = 0;
+        for (final java.util.Map.Entry<T, org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+            final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+            if (cmp == max) {
+                result = null;
+            } else if (cmp > max) {
+                max = cmp;
+                result = e.getKey();
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0253a84c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 649,
+    "npe_method": "mode",
+    "deref_field": "count",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_635"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efa546218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_635/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 649,
+    "npe_method": "mode",
+    "deref_field": "count",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ed91793b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1036 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+    public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+        return object != null ? object : defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+/**
+ * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+ * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+ * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+ * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+ * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+ * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		the type of the object
+ * @param obj
+ * 		the object to clone, null returns null
+ * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+ * @throws CloneFailedException
+ * 		if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+ * @since 3.0
+ */
+public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+    final T clone = org.apache.commons.lang3.ObjectUtils.clone(obj);
+    return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+    clone;
+}
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecf91f61b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 744,
+    "npe_method": "cloneIfPossible",
+    "deref_field": "clone",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_724"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30405a37a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_724/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 744,
+    "npe_method": "cloneIfPossible",
+    "deref_field": "clone",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/Dockerfile b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b7fbe349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/kupl/starlab-benchmarks/java-base:commons-lang
+
+ENV TZ=Asia/Seoul
+
+COPY ./metadata.json .
+COPY ./npe.json .
+COPY ./buggy.java /tmp/buggy.java
+RUN export BUGGY_PATH=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.filepath") \
+    && export BUGGY_LINE=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.line") \
+    && export BUGGY_MTHD=$(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".npe.npe_method") \
+    && mv /tmp/buggy.java $BUGGY_PATH \
+    && echo "[{\"filepath\": \"$BUGGY_PATH\", \"line\": $BUGGY_LINE, \"method_name\": \"$BUGGY_MTHD\"}]" | jq . > traces.json
+
+RUN git init . && git add -A
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".buildCommand")
+
+RUN $(cat metadata.json | jq -r ".testCommand"); if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then exit 1; fi
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/buggy.java b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/buggy.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76049bf2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/buggy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.lang3;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.CloneFailedException;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.MutableInt;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrBuilder;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operations on {@code Object}.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class tries to handle {@code null} input gracefully.
+ * An exception will generally not be thrown for a {@code null} input.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>#ThreadSafe#</p>
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+//@Immutable
+public class ObjectUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Singleton used as a {@code null} placeholder where
+     * {@code null} has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there
+     * is no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to
+     * distinguish between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This instance is Serializable.</p>
+     */
+    public static final Null NULL = new Null();
+
+    /**
+     * <p>{@code ObjectUtils} instances should NOT be constructed in
+     * standard programming. Instead, the static methods on the class should
+     * be used, such as {@code ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("a","b");}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ObjectUtils() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    // Defaulting
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param object  the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+     * @param defaultValue  the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+     */
+// Defaulting
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * <p>Returns a default value if the object passed is {@code null}.</p>
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, null)      = null
+ * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "")        = ""
+ * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+ * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+ * ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param <T>
+ * 		the type of the object
+ * @param object
+ * 		the {@code Object} to test, may be {@code null}
+ * @param defaultValue
+ * 		the default value to return, may be {@code null}
+ * @return {@code object} if it is not {@code null}, defaultValue otherwise
+ */
+public static <T> T defaultIfNull(final T object, final T defaultValue) {
+    return /* NPEX_NULL_EXP */
+    object;
+}
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Returns the first value in the array which is not {@code null}.
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code null} is returned.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null)      = null
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "")        = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, null, "")  = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "zz")      = "zz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull("abc", *)        = "abc"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(null, "xyz", *)  = "xyz"
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull(Boolean.TRUE, *) = Boolean.TRUE
+     * ObjectUtils.firstNonNull()                = null
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the component type of the array
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return the first value from {@code values} which is not {@code null},
+     *  or {@code null} if there are no non-null values
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T firstNonNull(final T... values) {
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T val : values) {
+                if (val != null) {
+                    return val;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if any value in the given array is not {@code null}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If all the values are {@code null} or the array is {@code null}
+     * or empty then {@code false} is returned. Otherwise {@code true} is returned.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*)                = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(*, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null, *, *) = true
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null)             = false
+     * ObjectUtils.anyNotNull(null, null)       = false
+     * </pre>
+     * 
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code true} if there is at least one non-null value in the array,
+     * {@code false} if all values in the array are {@code null}s.
+     * If the array is {@code null} or empty {@code false} is also returned.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean anyNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        return firstNonNull(values) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if all values in the array are not {@code nulls}.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If any value is {@code null} or the array is {@code null} then
+     * {@code false} is returned. If all elements in array are not
+     * {@code null} or the array is empty (contains no elements) {@code true}
+     * is returned.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*)             = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, null)    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(null, *)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, null)       = false
+     * ObjectUtils.allNotNull(*, *, null, *) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param values  the values to test, may be {@code null} or empty
+     * @return {@code false} if there is at least one {@code null} value in the array or the array is {@code null},
+     * {@code true} if all values in the array are not {@code null}s or array contains no elements.
+     * @since 3.5
+     */
+    public static boolean allNotNull(final Object... values) {
+        if (values == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (final Object val : values) {
+            if (val == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Null-safe equals/hashCode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for equality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, null)                  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(null, "")                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", null)                    = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals("", "")                      = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = false
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = true
+     * ObjectUtils.equals(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code true} if the values of both objects are the same
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.equals(Object, Object)} in Java 7 and will
+     * be removed from future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static boolean equals(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        if (object1 == object2) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (object1 == null || object2 == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return object1.equals(object2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Compares two objects for inequality, where either one or both
+     * objects may be {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, null)                  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(null, "")                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", null)                    = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual("", "")                      = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, null)          = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, "true")        = true
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.TRUE)  = false
+     * ObjectUtils.notEqual(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE) = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object1  the first object, may be {@code null}
+     * @param object2  the second object, may be {@code null}
+     * @return {@code false} if the values of both objects are the same
+     */
+    public static boolean notEqual(final Object object1, final Object object2) {
+        return ObjectUtils.equals(object1, object2) == false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code of an object returning zero when the
+     * object is {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(null)   = 0
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCode(obj)    = obj.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param obj  the object to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the object, or zero if null
+     * @since 2.1
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hashCode(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCode(final Object obj) {
+        // hashCode(Object) retained for performance, as hash code is often critical
+        return obj == null ? 0 : obj.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the hash code for multiple objects.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>This allows a hash code to be rapidly calculated for a number of objects.
+     * The hash code for a single object is the <em>not</em> same as {@link #hashCode(Object)}.
+     * The hash code for multiple objects is the same as that calculated by an
+     * {@code ArrayList} containing the specified objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti()                 = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti((Object[]) null)  = 1
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a)                = 31 + a.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b)              = (31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()
+     * ObjectUtils.hashCodeMulti(a,b,c)            = ((31 + a.hashCode()) * 31 + b.hashCode()) * 31 + c.hashCode()
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param objects  the objects to obtain the hash code of, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the hash code of the objects, or zero if null
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.hash(Object...)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static int hashCodeMulti(final Object... objects) {
+        int hash = 1;
+        if (objects != null) {
+            for (final Object object : objects) {
+                final int tmpHash = ObjectUtils.hashCode(object);
+                hash = hash * 31 + tmpHash;
+            }
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    // Identity ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will return {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(null)         = null
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString("")           = "java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(Boolean.TRUE) = "java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for, may be
+     *  {@code null}
+     * @return the default toString text, or {@code null} if
+     *  {@code null} passed in
+     */
+    public static String identityToString(final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        identityToString(builder, object);
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, "")            = appendable.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(appendable, Boolean.TRUE)  = appendable.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param appendable  the appendable to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final Appendable appendable, final Object object) throws IOException {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        appendable.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StrBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, "")            = buf.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(buf, Boolean.TRUE)  = buf.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param buffer  the buffer to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuffer buffer, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        buffer.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Appends the toString that would be produced by {@code Object}
+     * if a class did not override toString itself. {@code null}
+     * will throw a NullPointerException for either of the two parameters. </p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, "")            = builder.append("java.lang.String@1e23"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa"
+     * ObjectUtils.identityToString(builder, Boolean.TRUE)  = builder.append("java.lang.Boolean@7fa")
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param builder  the builder to append to
+     * @param object  the object to create a toString for
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static void identityToString(final StringBuilder builder, final Object object) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Cannot get the toString of a null identity");
+        }
+        builder.append(object.getClass().getName())
+              .append('@')
+              .append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(object)));
+    }
+
+    // ToString
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * an empty string ("") if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null)         = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE) = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code ""} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object)} in Java 7 and will be
+     * removed in future releases. Note however that said method will return "null" for null references, while this
+     * method returns and empty String. To preserve behavior use {@code java.util.Objects.toString(myObject, "")}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj) {
+        return obj == null ? StringUtils.EMPTY : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the {@code toString} of an {@code Object} returning
+     * a specified text if {@code null} input.</p>
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, null)           = null
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(null, "null")         = "null"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("", "null")           = ""
+     * ObjectUtils.toString("bat", "null")        = "bat"
+     * ObjectUtils.toString(Boolean.TRUE, "null") = "true"
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @see StringUtils#defaultString(String,String)
+     * @see String#valueOf(Object)
+     * @param obj  the Object to {@code toString}, may be null
+     * @param nullStr  the String to return if {@code null} input, may be null
+     * @return the passed in Object's toString, or {@code nullStr} if {@code null} input
+     * @since 2.0
+     * @deprecated this method has been replaced by {@code java.util.Objects.toString(Object, String)} in Java 7 and
+     * will be removed in future releases.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String toString(final Object obj, final String nullStr) {
+        return obj == null ? nullStr : obj.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Comparable
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the lesser object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the lesser of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T min(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, true) < 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param values the set of comparable values, may be null
+     * @return
+     *  <ul>
+     *   <li>If any objects are non-null and unequal, the greater object.
+     *   <li>If all objects are non-null and equal, the first.
+     *   <li>If any of the comparables are null, the greater of the non-null objects.
+     *   <li>If all the comparables are null, null is returned.
+     *  </ul>
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T max(final T... values) {
+        T result = null;
+        if (values != null) {
+            for (final T value : values) {
+                if (compare(value, result, false) > 0) {
+                    result = value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.
+     * {@code null} is assumed to be less than a non-{@code null} value.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2) {
+        return compare(c1, c2, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null safe comparison of Comparables.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> type of the values processed by this method
+     * @param c1  the first comparable, may be null
+     * @param c2  the second comparable, may be null
+     * @param nullGreater if true {@code null} is considered greater
+     *  than a non-{@code null} value or if false {@code null} is
+     *  considered less than a Non-{@code null} value
+     * @return a negative value if c1 &lt; c2, zero if c1 = c2
+     *  and a positive value if c1 &gt; c2
+     * @see java.util.Comparator#compare(Object, Object)
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> int compare(final T c1, final T c2, final boolean nullGreater) {
+        if (c1 == c2) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (c1 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? 1 : -1;
+        } else if (c2 == null) {
+            return nullGreater ? -1 : 1;
+        }
+        return c1.compareTo(c2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T extends Comparable<? super T>> T median(final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items);
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>();
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the "best guess" middle value among comparables. If there is an even
+     * number of total values, the lower of the two middle values will be returned.
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param comparator to use for comparisons
+     * @param items to compare
+     * @return T at middle position
+     * @throws NullPointerException if items or comparator is {@code null}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if items is empty or contains {@code null} values
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T median(final Comparator<T> comparator, final T... items) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(items, "null/empty items");
+        Validate.noNullElements(items);
+        Validate.notNull(comparator, "null comparator");
+        final TreeSet<T> sort = new TreeSet<T>(comparator);
+        Collections.addAll(sort, items);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") //we know all items added were T instances
+        final
+        T result = (T) sort.toArray()[(sort.size() - 1) / 2];
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Mode
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Find the most frequently occurring item.
+     * 
+     * @param <T> type of values processed by this method
+     * @param items to check
+     * @return most populous T, {@code null} if non-unique or no items supplied
+     * @since 3.0.1
+     */
+    public static <T> T mode(final T... items) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isNotEmpty(items)) {
+            final HashMap<T, MutableInt> occurrences = new HashMap<T, MutableInt>(items.length);
+            for (final T t : items) {
+                final MutableInt count = occurrences.get(t);
+                if (count == null) {
+                    occurrences.put(t, new MutableInt(1));
+                } else {
+                    count.increment();
+                }
+            }
+            T result = null;
+            int max = 0;
+            for (final Map.Entry<T, MutableInt> e : occurrences.entrySet()) {
+                final int cmp = e.getValue().intValue();
+                if (cmp == max) {
+                    result = null;
+                } else if (cmp > max) {
+                    max = cmp;
+                    result = e.getKey();
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // cloning
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T clone(final T obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof Cloneable) {
+            final Object result;
+            if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+                final Class<?> componentType = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
+                if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
+                    result = ((Object[]) obj).clone();
+                } else {
+                    int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+                    result = Array.newInstance(componentType, length);
+                    while (length-- > 0) {
+                        Array.set(result, length, Array.get(obj, length));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    final Method clone = obj.getClass().getMethod("clone");
+                    result = clone.invoke(obj);
+                } catch (final NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName()
+                        + " has no clone method", e);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Cannot clone Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e);
+                } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
+                    throw new CloneFailedException("Exception cloning Cloneable type "
+                        + obj.getClass().getName(), e.getCause());
+                }
+            }
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // OK because input is of type T
+            final T checked = (T) result;
+            return checked;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Clone an object if possible.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is similar to {@link #clone(Object)}, but will return the provided
+     * instance as the return value instead of {@code null} if the instance
+     * is not cloneable. This is more convenient if the caller uses different
+     * implementations (e.g. of a service) and some of the implementations do not allow concurrent
+     * processing or have state. In such cases the implementation can simply provide a proper
+     * clone implementation and the caller's code does not have to change.</p>
+     *
+     * @param <T> the type of the object
+     * @param obj  the object to clone, null returns null
+     * @return the clone if the object implements {@link Cloneable} otherwise the object itself
+     * @throws CloneFailedException if the object is cloneable and the clone operation fails
+     * @since 3.0
+     */
+    public static <T> T cloneIfPossible(final T obj) {
+        final T clone = clone(obj);
+        return clone == null ? obj : clone;
+    }
+
+    // Null
+    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Class used as a null placeholder where {@code null}
+     * has another meaning.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>For example, in a {@code HashMap} the
+     * {@link java.util.HashMap#get(java.lang.Object)} method returns
+     * {@code null} if the {@code Map} contains {@code null} or if there is
+     * no matching key. The {@code Null} placeholder can be used to distinguish
+     * between these two cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Another example is {@code Hashtable}, where {@code null}
+     * cannot be stored.</p>
+     */
+    public static class Null implements Serializable {
+        /**
+         * Required for serialization support. Declare serialization compatibility with Commons Lang 1.0
+         *
+         * @see java.io.Serializable
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7092611880189329093L;
+
+        /**
+         * Restricted constructor - singleton.
+         */
+        Null() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>Ensure singleton.</p>
+         *
+         * @return the singleton value
+         */
+        private Object readResolve() {
+            return ObjectUtils.NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Constants (LANG-816):
+    /*
+        These methods ensure constants are not inlined by javac.
+        For example, typically a developer might declare a constant like so:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = 5;
+
+        Should a different jar file refer to this, and the MAGIC_NUMBER
+        is changed a later date (e.g., MAGIC_NUMBER = 6), the different jar
+        file will need to recompile itself.  This is because javac
+        typically inlines the primitive or String constant directly into
+        the bytecode, and removes the reference to the MAGIC_NUMBER field.
+
+        To help the other jar (so that it does not need to recompile
+        when constants are changed) the original developer can declare
+        their constant using one of the CONST() utility methods, instead:
+
+            public final static int MAGIC_NUMBER = CONST(5);
+     */
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static boolean MAGIC_FLAG = ObjectUtils.CONST(true);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the boolean value to return
+     * @return the boolean v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static boolean CONST(final boolean v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST((byte) 127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte value to return
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST(final byte v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static byte MAGIC_BYTE = ObjectUtils.CONST_BYTE(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the byte literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a byte, that is, smaller than -128 or
+     *         larger than 127.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static byte CONST_BYTE(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Byte.MIN_VALUE || v > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -128 and 127: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (byte) v;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static char MAGIC_CHAR = ObjectUtils.CONST('a');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the char value to return
+     * @return the char v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static char CONST(final char v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST((short) 123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short value to return
+     * @return the short v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST(final short v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static short MAGIC_SHORT = ObjectUtils.CONST_SHORT(127);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the short literal (as an int) value to return
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the value passed to v
+     *         is larger than a short, that is, smaller than -32768 or
+     *         larger than 32767.
+     * @return the byte v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static short CONST_SHORT(final int v) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (v < Short.MIN_VALUE || v > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Supplied value must be a valid byte literal between -32768 and 32767: [" + v + "]");
+        }
+        return (short) v;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static int MAGIC_INT = ObjectUtils.CONST(123);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to return
+     * @return the int v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static int CONST(final int v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static long MAGIC_LONG = ObjectUtils.CONST(123L);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the long value to return
+     * @return the long v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static long CONST(final long v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static float MAGIC_FLOAT = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0f);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the float value to return
+     * @return the float v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static float CONST(final float v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static double MAGIC_DOUBLE = ObjectUtils.CONST(1.0);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param v the double value to return
+     * @return the double v, unchanged
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static double CONST(final double v) { return v; }
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the provided value unchanged.
+     * This can prevent javac from inlining a constant
+     * field, e.g.,
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *     public final static String MAGIC_STRING = ObjectUtils.CONST("abc");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * This way any jars that refer to this field do not
+     * have to recompile themselves if the field's value
+     * changes at some future date.
+     *
+     * @param <T> the Object type 
+     * @param v the genericized Object value to return (typically a String).
+     * @return the genericized Object v, unchanged (typically a String).
+     * @since 3.2
+     */
+    public static <T> T CONST(final T v) { return v; }
+
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/metadata.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/metadata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2928087dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/metadata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "language": "java",
+  "id": "commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95",
+  "buggyPath": ".",
+  "referencePath": null,
+  "buildCommand": "mvn package -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100 -DskipTests=true -DskipITs=true -Dtest=None -DfailIfNoTests=false",
+  "testCommand": "mvn test -V -B -Denforcer.skip=true -Dcheckstyle.skip=true -Dcobertura.skip=true -Drat.skip=true -Dlicense.skip=true -Dfindbugs.skip=true -Dgpg.skip=true -Dskip.npm=true -Dskip.gulp=true -Dskip.bower=true -Drat.numUnapprovedLicenses=100",
+  "categories": [
+    "safety",
+    "npe"
+  ],
+  "npe": {
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 117,
+    "npe_method": "defaultIfNull",
+    "deref_field": "object",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils",
+    "repo": "commons-lang",
+    "bug_id": "ObjectUtils_95"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/npe.json b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/npe.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9f783fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Java/commons-lang-ObjectUtils_95/npe.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "filepath": "src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtils.java",
+    "line": 117,
+    "npe_method": "defaultIfNull",
+    "deref_field": "object",
+    "npe_class": "ObjectUtils"
+}
\ No newline at end of file