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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Testimony</title>
<meta name="description" content="Testimony about testing">
<meta name="author" content="Milan Popovic">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent"/>
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/black.css" id="theme">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/presentation/testimony_about_testing.css">
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</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>Testimony <br/>(about testing)</h1>
<p>
<small>Presented by <a href="http://milanpopovic.me">Milan Popović</a> / <a
href="http://twitter.com/komita1981">@komita1981</a></small>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Me</h2>
<p class="left_align">
PHP developer
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Work for Navus Consulting GMBH
</p>
<p class="left_align">
I like to learn and share knowledge
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Active member of PHP Srbija
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
What is main property of bad code?
</p>
<h2 class="fragment">
<span class="red_text">
It's untestable
</span>
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Kent Beck's rules of simple code</h2>
<ul>
<ol>
1. Runs all the tests
</ol>
<ol>
2. Contains no duplication
</ol>
<ol>
3. Express the intent of programmer
</ol>
<ol>
4. Minimizes the number of classes and methods
</ol>
</ul>
<p class="fragment red_text">
Given in order of importance
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
<blockquote>
No software engineers release even the tiniest change without testing, except the very
confident and the very sloppy. - Kent Beck
</blockquote>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<blockquote>
The degree to which you know how your software behaves is the degree to which you have
accurately tested it. - Max Kanat-Alexander
</blockquote>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What is testing?</h2>
<p class="fragment">
Testing is the activity of finding out whether a piece of code produces the intended behavior
</p>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>What do people think about testing?</h2>
</section>
<section>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/i-dont-always-test-my-code.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/code_without_tests.jpeg">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Time consuming - Who has time to write tests???
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/hard-work.jpg" height="600px" width="790px">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Testing is hard
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/steep_learning_curve.jpg">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Steep learning curve
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/no-money.jpg">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Don’t make anybody any money
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
Time consuming
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Testing is hard
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Steep learning curve
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Don’t make anybody any money
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Why do we never have time to do it right but always have time to do it over?
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>What testing really is?</h2>
<p class="left_align red">
Fundamental part of professional software development
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Prove you've done your work
</p>
<p class="left_align">
An insurance that the system works
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Reduce number of bugs
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Help you make better code design - easier to maintain - facilitating change
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Prove you've done your work - Help you check much faster if you're work is done. Testing is an
insurance that the system works.<br/><br/>
Facilitates change - protect you from breaking things - guard from regression bugs. Let you apply
changes with less worries - refactoring will improve things without breaking anything.<br/><br/>
Reduce number of bugs - Having a bug in the code means carrying a
risk. Utilising a set of unit tests, engineers can dramatically reduce number of bugs and the
risk with untested code - It better for you that you find your bugs than your client.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>What testing really is?</h2>
<p class="left_align">
Ensures stable, long lasting application
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Verify correctness much faster and less troublesome
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Improve understanding how clients are going to use your code
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Enhance security
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Provide free documentation
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Cost of not testing or late testing
</h2>
<p class="left_align">
Testing is expensive (event up to 40% of project's budget)
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Not testing is event more expensive
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Cost of testing increases exponentially if happens later
</p>
<p class="left_align">
If you deliver code without tests, it's legacy code
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Why do so many developers not deliver tests with their code?
</h2>
<p class="left_align">
Habit is not established early
</p>
<p class="left_align">
The consequence of not writing unit tests is delayed
</p>
<p class="left_align">
The consequence is often suffered by other people, not the original author
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Informational Conformity & Halo effect
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
What is to be tested?
</h2>
<h2 class="fragment">
<span class="red_text">
EVERYTHING
</span>
</h2>
<p class="fragment">
To be more precise
</p>
<h2 class="fragment">
<span class="red_text">
EVERYTHING THAT COULD BREAK YOUR APP
</span>
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>
DDT vs TDD vs TFD vs BDD vs Whatever
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Write unit tests before or after code?
</h2>
<p class="fragment left_align">
After - You test what you code - Test Last <br/>
Development Driven Testing - <span class="red_text">DDT</span>
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Before - You code what you test - Test First<br/>
Test Driven Development - <span class="red_text">TDD</span>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony/ddt_circle_of_life.png">
<aside class="notes">
Test Last = Test-After Development (TAD)
TAD programmers want to verify their code, too, but they typically have little interest in
treating the tests as “specifications by example.” For them, the usually singular goal of unit
testing is to verify whether or not some aspects of the code work. These unit tests typically
cover up to two-thirds of the code base. Other forms of integration tests can increase effective
coverage, but unit tests are the closest reliable documentation for the code you’re modifying.
The real sticking point with TAD is productivity. When you don’t think about how to craft code
so it’s testable, you’ll often end up with code that is near-impossible to test. The test-writer
has to either rework it or use a lot of finesse to avoid rework. This makes testing feel like a
waste of time. No wonder so few programmers have fully embraced unit-testing! We find TAD to be
simply less fun, less beneficial, less productive, and more frustrating than TDD.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
The Three Laws of TDD
</h2>
<ol>
<li>
You may not write production code until you have written a failing unit test
</li>
<li>
You may not write more of a unit test than is sufficient to fail
</li>
<li>
You may not write more production code than is sufficient to pass the currently failing
test
</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony/tdd_circle_of_life.png">
<aside class="notes">
With TDD, every line of code has a reason to exist, with tests to back it up.
Only write code if you absolutely have to and always know what your code is supposed to do before
you start writing it - and that is what TDD approach provides for you
“Red-Green-Refactor,” meaning that you start with a failing test, then pass it, and then make
your code readable and more maintainable.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/test_statistics.png">
</p>
<p>
IBM & Microsoft - TDD - 20-40% longer to complete but 40-90% fewer bugs in production
</p>
</section>
<section>
<blockquote>
By 2022 it will be not be possible to get a professional programming job if you do not practice
TDD routinely - Allan Kelly
</blockquote>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h2>State of mind</h2>
<p>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/make_it_brake_it.jpg">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
A tester has heart of a developer - in a jar on the desk. :-)
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h2>
Levels, types and methods of software testing
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
Levels
</h3>
<p class="left_align">
Unit
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Integration
</p>
<p class="left_align">
System
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Acceptance
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Unit - by developers
Integration - by developers
System - by testers
Acceptance - by customers
Unit:
the return value of the subroutine (as mentioned previously)
a change in the state of the object under test, or
a request to change the state of some dependency.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
Types
</h3>
<p class="left_align">
A/B
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Acceptance
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Accessibility
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Alpha/Beta
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Concurrent
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Conformance and type
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
Types
</h3>
<p class="left_align">
Compatibility
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Destructive
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Development
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Documentation
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Functional vs Non Functional
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Internationalization & Localization
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
Types
</h3>
<p class="left_align">
Installation
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Performance
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Regression
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Smoke and Sanity
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Security
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Usability
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>
Methods
</h3>
<p class="left_align">
Static
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Dynamic
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Static - reviews, walkthroughs, inspections, cp detector, death code, code smell, coding standards
Dynamic - executing programmed code with a given set of test cases
White box & Black box testing
</aside>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/advice.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
1. Try with writing tests after writing the code
<p class="left_align">
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
2. When you get confidence try to write tests before the code
<p class="left_align">
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
3. Treat test like your code - keep it "clean"
<p class="left_align">
<p class="fragment">
<ul>
<li>
Tests are clean if they are readable
</li>
<li>
What make them readable is clarity, simplicity and density of expression
</li>
<li>
Be descriptive about what you are testing
</li>
<li>
Do not duplicate test code
</li>
<li>
Do not make tests complex
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Tests are clean if they are readable. What make them readable is clarity, simplicity and
density of expression - Clean Code - Robert C Martin
"What makes a clean test? Three things - Readability, readability, readability
Readability is even more important than in production code
Keep in mind that testing code is important as production code - maybe more important. It must
be clean as production code. Code changes and that means that your tests also changes - if you
write them bad than you have big problem - double problem. You are not safe anymore. You will start
writing code without tests.
Unit tests keep our code flexible, maintainable and reusable. Without them we loose everything.
With good tests we can improve architecture and design without having the fear of introducing
bugs.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
4. Number of asserts in a test ought to be minimized
</p>
<aside class="notes">
One assert per test story...
Better use Single Concept per Test
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
5. Use Virtual Environments
</p>
<p class="left_align">
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/vagrant_docker.png">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
6. Use continuous integration server
</p>
<p class="red_text left_align">
When I say testing I mean AUTOMATED testing
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Automated testing is key point for software quality and is preferred because of it's repeatability and
easy of use
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Manual testing is time consuming and boring allowed in some complex scenarios
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Run tests often
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Run all your unit tests as often as possible, ideally every time the code is changed and
before any commit. Running tests often gives you confidence that your changes didn't break
anything and generally lowers the stress of programming in the dark. For larger systems,
you may just run specific test suites that are relevant to the code you're working on. Run
all your acceptance, integration, stress, and unit tests at least once per day (or night).
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
7. Test Boundary Conditions
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Take care about testing boundary values
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
8. Use test saboteurs
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Humbug
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Infection
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Mutation Testing is, in a nutshell, giving your unit tests a run for their money. It
involves injecting small defects into source code and then checking if the unit tests
noticed. If they do, then your unit tests have "killed" the mutation. If not, the mutation
has escaped detection. As unit tests are intended to prevent regressions, having a real
regression pass unnoticed would be a bad thing! Whereas Code Coverage can tell you what code
your tests are executing, Mutation Testing is intended to help you judge how well your unit
tests actually perform and where they could be improved.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
9. Use test coverage properly
</p>
<p class="left_align">
A rule of the thumb for test coverage related to cyclomatic complexity is to have
test cases equal in number to the cyclomatic complexity value.
</p>
<p class="left_align">
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/code-coverage.jpg">
</p>
<aside class="notes">
The higher code coverage makes your confidence also high - less fear of change
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="red_text">
Test branch coverage not only code coverage
<pre><code data-trim contenteditable>
sampleMethod()
{
if (a < 5 and b > 10){
return a + b;
}
return $a - $b;
}
</code></pre>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
10. Test before refactoring
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
11. Write unit tests for each bug you are going to fix
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
12. Think twice before using New Operators - new ClassName()
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
13. Think twice before using statics - SomeClass::someMethod()
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
14. Avoid endless "anding" - Breaking SRP
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
15. Avoid using switch-case often - use design patterns instead
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
16. Avoid using too many dependencies - max 4 dependencies
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
17. Avoid logic in constructor - only assign variables
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Do not do real work in constructor
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
17. Do not break Law of Demeter
</p>
<pre><code data-trim contenteditable>
$company->getOwner()->getAccount()->getBank()...
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
18. Do Not Mock What You Do not Own
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Wrap 3rd party.
A framework or third party object often has to provide a large interface to solve a large
number of needs, of which you only need a subset. When you write your wrapper don't try and
write everything it does, write the operations you need, with the interface you want. If
you're using the language of your domain, rather than the language of the third party object,
this is much simpler.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
19. Use data providers
</p>
<pre><code data-trim contenteditable>
/**
* @dataProvider getSuccessfulAddData
*/
public function testSuccessfulAdd($a, $b, $result)
{
$this->assertEquals($result,
$this->calculator->add($a, $b));
}
public function getSuccessfulAddData()
{
return [
['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'result' => 3],
['a' => 2, 'b' => 1, 'result' => 3],
['a' => 0, 'b' => 1, 'result' => 1],
['a' => 1, 'b' => 0, 'result' => 1],
];
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
20. Respect 3A of Unit testing
</p>
<p class="left_align">
<span class="red_text">A</span>rrange objects, creating and setting them up as necessary.
</p>
<p class="left_align">
<span class="red_text">A</span>ct on an object
</p>
<p class="left_align">
<span class="red_text">A</span>ssert that something is as expected
</p>
<aside class="notes">
<p class="left_align">
Arrange = Setup
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Act = Poke
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Assert = Verify
</p>
Meszaros adds one more element - teardown (cleanup)
Bill Wake coined this as 3 A - TDD by example book
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>
21.
<img class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/unit-testing-mvc.png">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
22. Programming by Wishful Thinking
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Write some code that uses a component, before you implement the component. This helps to
discover what functions and data you need, and following this discovery will lead you to more
simple and useful APIs.
I write acceptance tests using a fixture I wish I had, and then implement the feature using
collaborators I wish I had.
Defer the decision about how to represent your data by imagining you have any function you
wish you had in order to solve your problem in the simplest way possible.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
23. Use test doubles properly
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Dummy
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Fake
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Stub
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Mock
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Spy
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Commands should be mocked - queries should be stubbed
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
24. Before asserting through loop use assertCount
</p>
<aside class="notes">
Foreach on empty will assert nothing and we will have false positive test
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
25. Do not lie about your real dependencies - use DI
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Don't look for things! Ask for things!
</p>
<aside class="notes">
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
26. Smoke testing
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Quick check if there are any problems
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Check if application is running
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Ping an important API endpoint
</p>
<aside class="notes">
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
27. Add time for testing in your estimates
</p>
<ul>
<li>
30% testing
</li>
<li>
30% implementation
</li>
<li>
10% logging and metrics
</li>
<li>
30% refactoring
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
28. If you provide API use documentation testing
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Dredd
</p>
<p class="left_align">
Supports Swagger & API Blueprint
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
29. Run tests in parallel
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
30. Weeks of programming can save you hours of planning and writing tests
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<img height="680" class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/facts.gif">
</section>
<section>
<p class="left_align">
Once you start testing You wont want to write code without tests again
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
You are not good developer if you are not good tester
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Developers starts producing better code
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Testing makes developers complacent
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Writing code that is testable encourages best practices - such as SOLID
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Quality is everyone’s responsibility — especially ours - developer’s
</p>
<p class="fragment left_align">
Testing is fun :-)
</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<p>
<img height="680" class="noframes"
src="img/testimony_about_testing/test_driven_development_by_example.jpg">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img height="680" class="noframes"
src="img/testimony_about_testing/growing_oos_gbt.jpg">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img height="680" class="noframes"
src="img/testimony_about_testing/continuous_delivery_book.jpg">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img height="680" class="noframes"
src="img/testimony_about_testing/ci_book.jpg">
</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>
<img height="680" class="noframes" src="img/testimony_about_testing/the_art_of_unit_testing.png">
</p>
</section>
</section>