diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.cc b/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.cc
index a6ad0772e..166430da4 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.cc
@@ -485,9 +485,9 @@ static sherpa_onnx::OfflineRecognizerConfig GetOfflineRecognizerConfig(
 
   if (config->model_config.debug) {
 #if __OHOS__
-    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%{public}s", recognizer_config.ToString().c_str());
+    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%{public}s\n", recognizer_config.ToString().c_str());
 #else
-    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%s", recognizer_config.ToString().c_str());
+    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%s\n", recognizer_config.ToString().c_str());
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -967,9 +967,9 @@ sherpa_onnx::VadModelConfig GetVadModelConfig(
 
   if (vad_config.debug) {
 #if __OHOS__
-    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%{public}s", vad_config.ToString().c_str());
+    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%{public}s\n", vad_config.ToString().c_str());
 #else
-    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%s", vad_config.ToString().c_str());
+    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%s\n", vad_config.ToString().c_str());
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ struct SherpaOnnxOfflineTts {
   std::unique_ptr<sherpa_onnx::OfflineTts> impl;
 };
 
-SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTts(
+static sherpa_onnx::OfflineTtsConfig GetOfflineTtsConfig(
     const SherpaOnnxOfflineTtsConfig *config) {
   sherpa_onnx::OfflineTtsConfig tts_config;
 
@@ -1084,9 +1084,20 @@ SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTts(
   tts_config.max_num_sentences = SHERPA_ONNX_OR(config->max_num_sentences, 2);
 
   if (tts_config.model.debug) {
+#if __OHOS__
+    SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%{public}s\n", tts_config.ToString().c_str());
+#else
     SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("%s\n", tts_config.ToString().c_str());
+#endif
   }
 
+  return tts_config;
+}
+
+SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTts(
+    const SherpaOnnxOfflineTtsConfig *config) {
+  auto tts_config = GetOfflineTtsConfig(config);
+
   if (!tts_config.Validate()) {
     SHERPA_ONNX_LOGE("Errors in config");
     return nullptr;
@@ -1908,6 +1919,7 @@ SherpaOnnxOfflineSpeakerDiarizationProcessWithCallbackNoArg(
 
   return ans;
 }
+#endif
 
 #ifdef __OHOS__
 
@@ -1959,6 +1971,23 @@ SherpaOnnxVoiceActivityDetector *SherpaOnnxCreateVoiceActivityDetectorOHOS(
 
   return p;
 }
-#endif
 
-#endif
+#if SHERPA_ONNX_ENABLE_TTS == 1
+SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTtsOHOS(
+    const SherpaOnnxOfflineTtsConfig *config, NativeResourceManager *mgr) {
+  if (!mgr) {
+    return SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTts(config);
+  }
+
+  auto tts_config = GetOfflineTtsConfig(config);
+
+  SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *tts = new SherpaOnnxOfflineTts;
+
+  tts->impl = std::make_unique<sherpa_onnx::OfflineTts>(mgr, tts_config);
+
+  return tts;
+}
+
+#endif  // #if SHERPA_ONNX_ENABLE_TTS == 1
+
+#endif  // #ifdef __OHOS__
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h b/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h
index 5251413a8..e9cd5be0a 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h
@@ -1558,6 +1558,9 @@ SHERPA_ONNX_API SherpaOnnxVoiceActivityDetector *
 SherpaOnnxCreateVoiceActivityDetectorOHOS(
     const SherpaOnnxVadModelConfig *config, float buffer_size_in_seconds,
     NativeResourceManager *mgr);
+
+SHERPA_ONNX_API SherpaOnnxOfflineTts *SherpaOnnxCreateOfflineTtsOHOS(
+    const SherpaOnnxOfflineTtsConfig *config, NativeResourceManager *mgr);
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.cc
index 499f17f68..fe5e595b9 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.cc
@@ -7,17 +7,19 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <strstream>
 #include <utility>
 
 #if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include <strstream>
-
 #include "android/asset_manager.h"
 #include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <memory>
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
 
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/macros.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/onnx-utils.h"
@@ -110,8 +112,8 @@ Lexicon::Lexicon(const std::string &lexicon, const std::string &tokens,
   InitPunctuations(punctuations);
 }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-Lexicon::Lexicon(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon,
+template <typename Manager>
+Lexicon::Lexicon(Manager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon,
                  const std::string &tokens, const std::string &punctuations,
                  const std::string &language, bool debug /*= false*/
                  )
@@ -132,7 +134,6 @@ Lexicon::Lexicon(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon,
 
   InitPunctuations(punctuations);
 }
-#endif
 
 std::vector<TokenIDs> Lexicon::ConvertTextToTokenIds(
     const std::string &text, const std::string & /*voice*/ /*= ""*/) const {
@@ -371,4 +372,18 @@ void Lexicon::InitPunctuations(const std::string &punctuations) {
   }
 }
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template Lexicon::Lexicon(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon,
+                          const std::string &tokens,
+                          const std::string &punctuations,
+                          const std::string &language, bool debug = false);
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template Lexicon::Lexicon(NativeResourceManager *mgr,
+                          const std::string &lexicon, const std::string &tokens,
+                          const std::string &punctuations,
+                          const std::string &language, bool debug = false);
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.h
index fb60cdb7f..39329694b 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/lexicon.h
@@ -13,11 +13,6 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-frontend.h"
 
 namespace sherpa_onnx {
@@ -31,11 +26,10 @@ class Lexicon : public OfflineTtsFrontend {
           const std::string &punctuations, const std::string &language,
           bool debug = false);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  Lexicon(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon,
-          const std::string &tokens, const std::string &punctuations,
-          const std::string &language, bool debug = false);
-#endif
+  template <typename Manager>
+  Lexicon(Manager *mgr, const std::string &lexicon, const std::string &tokens,
+          const std::string &punctuations, const std::string &language,
+          bool debug = false);
 
   std::vector<TokenIDs> ConvertTextToTokenIds(
       const std::string &text, const std::string &voice = "") const override;
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.cc
index 72481e094..0806a9fa2 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.cc
@@ -2,20 +2,24 @@
 //
 // Copyright (c)  2023  Xiaomi Corporation
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include <strstream>
-
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <codecvt>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <locale>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <strstream>
 #include <utility>
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#include "android/asset_manager.h"
+#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/macros.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/onnx-utils.h"
@@ -82,9 +86,9 @@ OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(
   token2id_ = ReadTokens(is);
 }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template <typename Manager>
 OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(
-    AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+    Manager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
     const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data)
     : meta_data_(meta_data) {
   auto buf = ReadFile(mgr, tokens);
@@ -92,8 +96,6 @@ OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(
   token2id_ = ReadTokens(is);
 }
 
-#endif
-
 std::vector<TokenIDs> OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::ConvertTextToTokenIds(
     const std::string &_text, const std::string & /*voice = ""*/) const {
   // see
@@ -189,4 +191,18 @@ std::vector<TokenIDs> OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::ConvertTextToTokenIds(
   return ans;
 }
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(
+    AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+    const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
+
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend::OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(
+    NativeResourceManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+    const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
+
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.h
index ffd2bb5f4..fcd2f6dd5 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-character-frontend.h
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-frontend.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model-metadata.h"
 
@@ -24,11 +19,10 @@ class OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend : public OfflineTtsFrontend {
   OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(const std::string &tokens,
                               const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+  template <typename Manager>
+  OfflineTtsCharacterFrontend(Manager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
                               const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
 
-#endif
   /** Convert a string to token IDs.
    *
    * @param text The input text.
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.cc
index 063730db8..62b6eebba 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.cc
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#include "android/asset_manager.h"
+#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-impl.h"
 
 namespace sherpa_onnx {
@@ -16,12 +25,21 @@ std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> OfflineTtsImpl::Create(
   return std::make_unique<OfflineTtsVitsImpl>(config);
 }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template <typename Manager>
 std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> OfflineTtsImpl::Create(
-    AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config) {
+    Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config) {
   // TODO(fangjun): Support other types
   return std::make_unique<OfflineTtsVitsImpl>(mgr, config);
 }
+
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> OfflineTtsImpl::Create(
+    AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> OfflineTtsImpl::Create(
+    NativeResourceManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.h
index 3c9e27b1b..db8b7162d 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.h
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.h"
 
 namespace sherpa_onnx {
@@ -23,10 +18,9 @@ class OfflineTtsImpl {
 
   static std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> Create(const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  static std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> Create(AAssetManager *mgr,
+  template <typename Manager>
+  static std::unique_ptr<OfflineTtsImpl> Create(Manager *mgr,
                                                 const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
-#endif
 
   virtual GeneratedAudio Generate(
       const std::string &text, int64_t sid = 0, float speed = 1.0,
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-impl.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-impl.h
index 72b21a3b5..972303dd4 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-impl.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-impl.h
@@ -6,16 +6,10 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <strstream>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include <strstream>
-
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "fst/extensions/far/far.h"
 #include "kaldifst/csrc/kaldi-fst-io.h"
 #include "kaldifst/csrc/text-normalizer.h"
@@ -82,8 +76,8 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsImpl : public OfflineTtsImpl {
     }
   }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  OfflineTtsVitsImpl(AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config)
+  template <typename Manager>
+  OfflineTtsVitsImpl(Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config)
       : config_(config),
         model_(std::make_unique<OfflineTtsVitsModel>(mgr, config.model)) {
     InitFrontend(mgr);
@@ -130,7 +124,6 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsImpl : public OfflineTtsImpl {
       }    // for (const auto &f : files)
     }      // if (!config.rule_fars.empty())
   }
-#endif
 
   int32_t SampleRate() const override {
     return model_->GetMetaData().sample_rate;
@@ -297,8 +290,8 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsImpl : public OfflineTtsImpl {
   }
 
  private:
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  void InitFrontend(AAssetManager *mgr) {
+  template <typename Manager>
+  void InitFrontend(Manager *mgr) {
     const auto &meta_data = model_->GetMetaData();
 
     if (meta_data.frontend == "characters") {
@@ -323,7 +316,6 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsImpl : public OfflineTtsImpl {
           meta_data.punctuations, meta_data.language, config_.model.debug);
     }
   }
-#endif
 
   void InitFrontend() {
     const auto &meta_data = model_->GetMetaData();
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.cc
index 90e0993d6..38efc6204 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.cc
@@ -9,6 +9,15 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#include "android/asset_manager.h"
+#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/macros.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/onnx-utils.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/session.h"
@@ -26,8 +35,8 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsModel::Impl {
     Init(buf.data(), buf.size());
   }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  Impl(AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config)
+  template <typename Manager>
+  Impl(Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config)
       : config_(config),
         env_(ORT_LOGGING_LEVEL_ERROR),
         sess_opts_(GetSessionOptions(config)),
@@ -35,7 +44,6 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsModel::Impl {
     auto buf = ReadFile(mgr, config.vits.model);
     Init(buf.data(), buf.size());
   }
-#endif
 
   Ort::Value Run(Ort::Value x, int64_t sid, float speed) {
     if (meta_data_.is_piper || meta_data_.is_coqui) {
@@ -336,11 +344,10 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsModel::Impl {
 OfflineTtsVitsModel::OfflineTtsVitsModel(const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config)
     : impl_(std::make_unique<Impl>(config)) {}
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-OfflineTtsVitsModel::OfflineTtsVitsModel(AAssetManager *mgr,
+template <typename Manager>
+OfflineTtsVitsModel::OfflineTtsVitsModel(Manager *mgr,
                                          const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config)
     : impl_(std::make_unique<Impl>(mgr, config)) {}
-#endif
 
 OfflineTtsVitsModel::~OfflineTtsVitsModel() = default;
 
@@ -359,4 +366,14 @@ const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &OfflineTtsVitsModel::GetMetaData() const {
   return impl_->GetMetaData();
 }
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template OfflineTtsVitsModel::OfflineTtsVitsModel(
+    AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config);
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template OfflineTtsVitsModel::OfflineTtsVitsModel(
+    NativeResourceManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config);
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.h
index 543963c9d..a880934ef 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model.h
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "onnxruntime_cxx_api.h"  // NOLINT
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-model-config.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model-metadata.h"
@@ -24,9 +19,9 @@ class OfflineTtsVitsModel {
   ~OfflineTtsVitsModel();
 
   explicit OfflineTtsVitsModel(const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config);
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  OfflineTtsVitsModel(AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config);
-#endif
+
+  template <typename Manager>
+  OfflineTtsVitsModel(Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsModelConfig &config);
 
   /** Run the model.
    *
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.cc
index 12feda0b7..ec2c69523 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.cc
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+#include "android/asset_manager.h"
+#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/file-utils.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/macros.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-impl.h"
@@ -78,10 +87,9 @@ std::string OfflineTtsConfig::ToString() const {
 OfflineTts::OfflineTts(const OfflineTtsConfig &config)
     : impl_(OfflineTtsImpl::Create(config)) {}
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-OfflineTts::OfflineTts(AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config)
+template <typename Manager>
+OfflineTts::OfflineTts(Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config)
     : impl_(OfflineTtsImpl::Create(mgr, config)) {}
-#endif
 
 OfflineTts::~OfflineTts() = default;
 
@@ -95,4 +103,14 @@ int32_t OfflineTts::SampleRate() const { return impl_->SampleRate(); }
 
 int32_t OfflineTts::NumSpeakers() const { return impl_->NumSpeakers(); }
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template OfflineTts::OfflineTts(AAssetManager *mgr,
+                                const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template OfflineTts::OfflineTts(NativeResourceManager *mgr,
+                                const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.h
index 03a13a159..8399443c0 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts.h
@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-model-config.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/parse-options.h"
 
@@ -69,9 +64,8 @@ class OfflineTts {
   ~OfflineTts();
   explicit OfflineTts(const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  OfflineTts(AAssetManager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
-#endif
+  template <typename Manager>
+  OfflineTts(Manager *mgr, const OfflineTtsConfig &config);
 
   // @param text A string containing words separated by spaces
   // @param sid Speaker ID. Used only for multi-speaker models, e.g., models
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.cc b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.cc
index de753db61..298274654 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.cc
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.cc
@@ -11,16 +11,19 @@
 #include <mutex>  // NOLINT
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
+#include <strstream>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include <strstream>
-
 #include "android/asset_manager.h"
 #include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
 #endif
 
+#if __OHOS__
+#include "rawfile/raw_file_manager.h"
+#endif
+
 #include "espeak-ng/speak_lib.h"
 #include "phoneme_ids.hpp"
 #include "phonemize.hpp"
@@ -196,9 +199,9 @@ PiperPhonemizeLexicon::PiperPhonemizeLexicon(
   InitEspeak(data_dir);
 }
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template <typename Manager>
 PiperPhonemizeLexicon::PiperPhonemizeLexicon(
-    AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens, const std::string &data_dir,
+    Manager *mgr, const std::string &tokens, const std::string &data_dir,
     const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data)
     : meta_data_(meta_data) {
   {
@@ -212,7 +215,6 @@ PiperPhonemizeLexicon::PiperPhonemizeLexicon(
   // data_dir.
   InitEspeak(data_dir);
 }
-#endif
 
 std::vector<TokenIDs> PiperPhonemizeLexicon::ConvertTextToTokenIds(
     const std::string &text, const std::string &voice /*= ""*/) const {
@@ -255,4 +257,16 @@ std::vector<TokenIDs> PiperPhonemizeLexicon::ConvertTextToTokenIds(
   return ans;
 }
 
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
+template PiperPhonemizeLexicon::PiperPhonemizeLexicon(
+    AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens, const std::string &data_dir,
+    const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
+#endif
+
+#if __OHOS__
+template PiperPhonemizeLexicon::PiperPhonemizeLexicon(
+    NativeResourceManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+    const std::string &data_dir, const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace sherpa_onnx
diff --git a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.h b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.h
index 34922de29..ccd790a96 100644
--- a/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.h
+++ b/sherpa-onnx/csrc/piper-phonemize-lexicon.h
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-#include "android/asset_manager.h"
-#include "android/asset_manager_jni.h"
-#endif
-
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-frontend.h"
 #include "sherpa-onnx/csrc/offline-tts-vits-model-metadata.h"
 
@@ -24,11 +19,10 @@ class PiperPhonemizeLexicon : public OfflineTtsFrontend {
   PiperPhonemizeLexicon(const std::string &tokens, const std::string &data_dir,
                         const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
 
-#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 9
-  PiperPhonemizeLexicon(AAssetManager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
+  template <typename Manager>
+  PiperPhonemizeLexicon(Manager *mgr, const std::string &tokens,
                         const std::string &data_dir,
                         const OfflineTtsVitsModelMetaData &meta_data);
-#endif
 
   std::vector<TokenIDs> ConvertTextToTokenIds(
       const std::string &text, const std::string &voice = "") const override;