diff --git a/junit.xml b/junit.xml
index d92ca3f..d4d7dca 100644
--- a/junit.xml
+++ b/junit.xml
@@ -1,81 +1,81 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<testsuites name="jest tests" tests="59" failures="0" errors="0" time="2.312">
-  <testsuite name="User Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T11:47:08" time="1.263" tests="11">
-    <testcase classname="User Controller GET /user should retrieve user details successfully" name="User Controller GET /user should retrieve user details successfully" time="0.078">
+<testsuites name="jest tests" tests="59" failures="0" errors="0" time="2.195">
+  <testsuite name="User Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T12:12:39" time="1.251" tests="11">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller GET /user should retrieve user details successfully" name="User Controller GET /user should retrieve user details successfully" time="0.077">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller GET /user should return 404 if user not found" name="User Controller GET /user should return 404 if user not found" time="0.07">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller GET /user should return 404 if user not found" name="User Controller GET /user should return 404 if user not found" time="0.069">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="User Controller GET /user should handle server errors" name="User Controller GET /user should handle server errors" time="0.07">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should update user details successfully" name="User Controller PUT /user should update user details successfully" time="0.071">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should update user details successfully" name="User Controller PUT /user should update user details successfully" time="0.07">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should update other user details successfully" name="User Controller PUT /user should update other user details successfully" time="0.071">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should update other user details successfully" name="User Controller PUT /user should update other user details successfully" time="0.069">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should return 404 if user not found when updating user" name="User Controller PUT /user should return 404 if user not found when updating user" time="0.069">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should return 404 if user not found when updating user" name="User Controller PUT /user should return 404 if user not found when updating user" time="0.07">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should handle server errors when updating user" name="User Controller PUT /user should handle server errors when updating user" time="0.072">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller PUT /user should handle server errors when updating user" name="User Controller PUT /user should handle server errors when updating user" time="0.068">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="User Controller POST /user/change-password should change the password successfully" name="User Controller POST /user/change-password should change the password successfully" time="0.069">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 400 if the current password is incorrect" name="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 400 if the current password is incorrect" time="0.069">
+    <testcase classname="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 400 if the current password is incorrect" name="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 400 if the current password is incorrect" time="0.07">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 404 if user not found when changing password" name="User Controller POST /user/change-password should return 404 if user not found when changing password" time="0.068">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="User Controller POST /user/change-password should handle server errors when changing password" name="User Controller POST /user/change-password should handle server errors when changing password" time="0.068">
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
-  <testsuite name="verifyToken Middleware" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T11:47:10" time="0.449" tests="15">
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if no token is provided" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if no token is provided" time="0.069">
+  <testsuite name="verifyToken Middleware" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T12:12:40" time="0.411" tests="15">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if no token is provided" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if no token is provided" time="0.063">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is invalid" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is invalid" time="0.009">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is invalid" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is invalid" time="0.007">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is missing required user information" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is missing required user information" time="0.009">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is missing required user information" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is missing required user information" time="0.014">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is blacklisted" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is blacklisted" time="0.016">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is blacklisted" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the token is blacklisted" time="0.015">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the user is not found" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the user is not found" time="0.015">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the user is not found" name="verifyToken Middleware should return 401 if the user is not found" time="0.016">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should attach user info to req and call next() if the token is valid and user is found" name="verifyToken Middleware should attach user info to req and call next() if the token is valid and user is found" time="0.017">
+    <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should attach user info to req and call next() if the token is valid and user is found" name="verifyToken Middleware should attach user info to req and call next() if the token is valid and user is found" time="0.016">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="verifyToken Middleware should handle token verification failure gracefully" name="verifyToken Middleware should handle token verification failure gracefully" time="0.015">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="logger Middleware should log the request details to the database" name="logger Middleware should log the request details to the database" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="logger Middleware should handle logging failure gracefully" name="logger Middleware should handle logging failure gracefully" time="0.013">
+    <testcase classname="logger Middleware should handle logging failure gracefully" name="logger Middleware should handle logging failure gracefully" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="logger Middleware should log the request with null userId if req.user is not defined" name="logger Middleware should log the request with null userId if req.user is not defined" time="0.016">
+    <testcase classname="logger Middleware should log the request with null userId if req.user is not defined" name="logger Middleware should log the request with null userId if req.user is not defined" time="0.011">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="roleAuthorization Middleware should allow access if the user has the required role" name="roleAuthorization Middleware should allow access if the user has the required role" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="roleAuthorization Middleware should allow access if the user has the required role" name="roleAuthorization Middleware should allow access if the user has the required role" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if the user does not have the required role" name="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if the user does not have the required role" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if the user does not have the required role" name="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if the user does not have the required role" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if req.user.role is undefined or empty" name="roleAuthorization Middleware should deny access if req.user.role is undefined or empty" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="validationErrorHandler Middleware should return 400 if validation errors are present" name="validationErrorHandler Middleware should return 400 if validation errors are present" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="validationErrorHandler Middleware should return 400 if validation errors are present" name="validationErrorHandler Middleware should return 400 if validation errors are present" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="validationErrorHandler Middleware should call next() if no validation errors are present" name="validationErrorHandler Middleware should call next() if no validation errors are present" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
-  <testsuite name="Auth Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T11:47:10" time="0.276" tests="24">
+  <testsuite name="Auth Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T12:12:40" time="0.218" tests="24">
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return a token on successful login" name="Auth Controller login should return a token on successful login" time="0.003">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 400 if username or password is missing" name="Auth Controller login should return 400 if username or password is missing" time="0.003">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 400 if username or password is missing" name="Auth Controller login should return 400 if username or password is missing" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 401 if user is not found" name="Auth Controller login should return 401 if user is not found" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 401 if password does not match" name="Auth Controller login should return 401 if password does not match" time="0.003">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 401 if password does not match" name="Auth Controller login should return 401 if password does not match" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 500 on server error" name="Auth Controller login should return 500 on server error" time="0.003">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller login should return 500 on server error" name="Auth Controller login should return 500 on server error" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should register a new user and send verification email" name="Auth Controller signup should register a new user and send verification email" time="0.008">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should register a new user and send verification email" name="Auth Controller signup should register a new user and send verification email" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should return 400 if user already exists" name="Auth Controller signup should return 400 if user already exists" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should return 400 if user already exists" name="Auth Controller signup should return 400 if user already exists" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should return 500 on server error during signup" name="Auth Controller signup should return 500 on server error during signup" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller signup should return 500 on server error during signup" name="Auth Controller signup should return 500 on server error during signup" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should resend verification email successfully" name="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should resend verification email successfully" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 404 if user is not found" name="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 404 if user is not found" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 404 if user is not found" name="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 404 if user is not found" time="0.006">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 400 if user is already verified" name="Auth Controller resendVerificationEmail should return 400 if user is already verified" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
@@ -85,45 +85,45 @@
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid or expired verification link" name="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid or expired verification link" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid verification link if user not found" name="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid verification link if user not found" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid verification link if user not found" name="Auth Controller verification should return 400 for invalid verification link if user not found" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller verifyUser should return user authentication status" name="Auth Controller verifyUser should return user authentication status" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller verifyUser should return user authentication status" name="Auth Controller verifyUser should return user authentication status" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller forgotPassword should send password reset link successfully" name="Auth Controller forgotPassword should send password reset link successfully" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 404 if user is not found" name="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 404 if user is not found" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 404 if user is not found" name="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 404 if user is not found" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 500 on server error during forgot password" name="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 500 on server error during forgot password" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 500 on server error during forgot password" name="Auth Controller forgotPassword should return 500 on server error during forgot password" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resetPassword should reset password successfully" name="Auth Controller resetPassword should reset password successfully" time="0.009">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resetPassword should reset password successfully" name="Auth Controller resetPassword should reset password successfully" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid or expired token" name="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid or expired token" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid token if user not found" name="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid token if user not found" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid token if user not found" name="Auth Controller resetPassword should return 400 for invalid token if user not found" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller logout should log out successfully" name="Auth Controller logout should log out successfully" time="0.003">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller logout should log out successfully" name="Auth Controller logout should log out successfully" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Auth Controller logout should return 500 on server error during logout" name="Auth Controller logout should return 500 on server error during logout" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Auth Controller logout should return 500 on server error during logout" name="Auth Controller logout should return 500 on server error during logout" time="0.005">
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
-  <testsuite name="sendVerificationEmail" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T11:47:10" time="0.106" tests="2">
+  <testsuite name="sendVerificationEmail" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T12:12:41" time="0.099" tests="2">
     <testcase classname="sendVerificationEmail should send a verification email successfully" name="sendVerificationEmail should send a verification email successfully" time="0.006">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="sendVerificationEmail should handle errors when sending email" name="sendVerificationEmail should handle errors when sending email" time="0.009">
+    <testcase classname="sendVerificationEmail should handle errors when sending email" name="sendVerificationEmail should handle errors when sending email" time="0.014">
     </testcase>
   </testsuite>
-  <testsuite name="Role Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T11:47:11" time="0.092" tests="7">
+  <testsuite name="Role Controller" errors="0" failures="0" skipped="0" timestamp="2024-08-13T12:12:41" time="0.078" tests="7">
     <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role should create a new role successfully" name="Role Controller POST /role should create a new role successfully" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role should handle errors when creating a role" name="Role Controller POST /role should handle errors when creating a role" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role should handle errors when creating a role" name="Role Controller POST /role should handle errors when creating a role" time="0.006">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role/assign should assign a role to a user successfully" name="Role Controller POST /role/assign should assign a role to a user successfully" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role/assign should assign a role to a user successfully" name="Role Controller POST /role/assign should assign a role to a user successfully" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role/assign should handle errors when assigning a role" name="Role Controller POST /role/assign should handle errors when assigning a role" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Role Controller POST /role/assign should handle errors when assigning a role" name="Role Controller POST /role/assign should handle errors when assigning a role" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should get user roles successfully" name="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should get user roles successfully" time="0.002">
+    <testcase classname="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should get user roles successfully" name="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should get user roles successfully" time="0.001">
     </testcase>
-    <testcase classname="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle user not found error" name="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle user not found error" time="0.001">
+    <testcase classname="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle user not found error" name="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle user not found error" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
     <testcase classname="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle errors when fetching user roles" name="Role Controller GET /user/:userId/roles should handle errors when fetching user roles" time="0.002">
     </testcase>
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 42fb32e..78ecc79 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
                 "globals": "^15.9.0",
                 "jest": "^29.7.0",
                 "jest-junit": "^16.0.0",
-                "mongoose-mock": "^0.4.0",
                 "node-mocks-http": "^1.15.1",
                 "nodemailer-mock": "^2.0.6",
                 "supertest": "^7.0.0",
@@ -3745,16 +3744,6 @@
                 "node": ">= 6"
             }
         },
-        "node_modules/formatio": {
-            "version": "1.0.2",
-            "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/formatio/-/formatio-1.0.2.tgz",
-            "integrity": "sha512-db27e1R5chXs7pZcJAh7aPC5iJRKRuCJEUF0cFWBdfG/Q0ZMehLg+dbibkXU5uyNM5AjmwBma8PkloxR+l2I1w==",
-            "deprecated": "This package is unmaintained. Use @sinonjs/formatio instead",
-            "dev": true,
-            "dependencies": {
-                "samsam": "~1.1"
-            }
-        },
         "node_modules/formidable": {
             "version": "3.5.1",
             "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/formidable/-/formidable-3.5.1.tgz",
@@ -5706,16 +5695,6 @@
                 "url": "https://opencollective.com/mongoose"
             }
         },
-        "node_modules/mongoose-mock": {
-            "version": "0.4.0",
-            "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mongoose-mock/-/mongoose-mock-0.4.0.tgz",
-            "integrity": "sha512-PHYL3HA+hl7rEysnTwiBVna3ZjPhE98dNDPsclkJ9BbGBLP5PBW8fIN5eAR1+mQM2bbubIadKrzcFZbs4/dOtQ==",
-            "dev": true,
-            "license": "MIT",
-            "dependencies": {
-                "sinon": "~1.8.1"
-            }
-        },
         "node_modules/mongoose/node_modules/ms": {
             "version": "2.1.3",
             "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.3.tgz",
@@ -6558,14 +6537,6 @@
             "integrity": "sha512-YZo3K82SD7Riyi0E1EQPojLz7kpepnSQI9IyPbHHg1XXXevb5dJI7tpyN2ADxGcQbHG7vcyRHk0cbwqcQriUtg==",
             "license": "MIT"
         },
-        "node_modules/samsam": {
-            "version": "1.1.3",
-            "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/samsam/-/samsam-1.1.3.tgz",
-            "integrity": "sha512-t9rCPskf50hZ53eH8Z+cSWD4LfJBac+8vSSuzi1Y2HzygyXxtAl0BaR3hr6iI6A+nFQbkmJNC/brQLNEeVnrmg==",
-            "deprecated": "This package has been deprecated in favour of @sinonjs/samsam",
-            "dev": true,
-            "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
-        },
         "node_modules/schema-utils": {
             "version": "3.3.0",
             "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/schema-utils/-/schema-utils-3.3.0.tgz",
@@ -6743,19 +6714,6 @@
             "integrity": "sha512-wnD2ZE+l+SPC/uoS0vXeE9L1+0wuaMqKlfz9AMUo38JsyLSBWSFcHR1Rri62LZc12vLr1gb3jl7iwQhgwpAbGQ==",
             "license": "ISC"
         },
-        "node_modules/sinon": {
-            "version": "1.8.2",
-            "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sinon/-/sinon-1.8.2.tgz",
-            "integrity": "sha512-lKW2kN7YeAOGbqLAMkT/aDSix9ZYZsNAMTmyqP9GHGFK3gDwL/htfK2Aa/jc2K6rtdI2Y0ekrRzKi5J2ZG99kw==",
-            "deprecated": "16.1.1",
-            "dev": true,
-            "dependencies": {
-                "formatio": "~1.0"
-            },
-            "engines": {
-                "node": ">=0.1.103"
-            }
-        },
         "node_modules/sisteransi": {
             "version": "1.0.5",
             "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sisteransi/-/sisteransi-1.0.5.tgz",
diff --git a/test/__mocks__/mongoose.js b/test/__mocks__/mongoose.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef6326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/__mocks__/mongoose.js
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * Mock implementation of the Mongoose library for testing purposes.
+ * This mock replaces Mongoose's actual methods with Jest mocks to avoid
+ * interacting with a real MongoDB database during tests.
+ *
+ * @module __mocks__/mongoose
+ */
+
+const mongoose = {
+    /**
+     * Mock implementation of the `connect` method.
+     * Resolves with 'Mocked Connection' to simulate a successful connection.
+     * 
+     * @function
+     * @returns {Promise<string>} A promise that resolves to 'Mocked Connection'.
+     */
+    connect: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('Mocked Connection'),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock implementation of the `disconnect` method.
+     * Resolves with 'Mocked Disconnection' to simulate a successful disconnection.
+     * 
+     * @function
+     * @returns {Promise<string>} A promise that resolves to 'Mocked Disconnection'.
+     */
+    disconnect: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue('Mocked Disconnection'),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock model for `user` collection.
+     * Provides mock implementations of CRUD operations on the `user` model.
+     * 
+     * @property {function} find - Mock implementation of `find` method.
+     * @property {function} findOne - Mock implementation of `findOne` method.
+     * @property {function} create - Mock implementation of `create` method.
+     * @property {function} findById - Mock implementation of `findById` method.
+     */
+    user: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+        create: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    }),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock model for `role` collection.
+     * Provides mock implementations of CRUD operations on the `role` model.
+     * 
+     * @property {function} find - Mock implementation of `find` method.
+     * @property {function} findOne - Mock implementation of `findOne` method.
+     * @property {function} create - Mock implementation of `create` method.
+     * @property {function} findById - Mock implementation of `findById` method.
+     */
+    role: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+        create: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    }),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock model for `session` collection.
+     * Provides mock implementations of CRUD operations on the `session` model.
+     * 
+     * @property {function} find - Mock implementation of `find` method.
+     * @property {function} findOne - Mock implementation of `findOne` method.
+     * @property {function} create - Mock implementation of `create` method.
+     * @property {function} findById - Mock implementation of `findById` method.
+     */
+    session: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+        create: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    }),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock model for `user_roles` collection.
+     * Provides mock implementations of CRUD operations on the `user_roles` model.
+     * 
+     * @property {function} find - Mock implementation of `find` method.
+     * @property {function} findOne - Mock implementation of `findOne` method.
+     * @property {function} create - Mock implementation of `create` method.
+     * @property {function} findById - Mock implementation of `findById` method.
+     */
+    user_roles: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+        create: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    }),
+
+    /**
+     * Mock model for `log` collection.
+     * Provides mock implementations of CRUD operations on the `log` model.
+     * 
+     * @property {function} find - Mock implementation of `find` method.
+     * @property {function} findOne - Mock implementation of `findOne` method.
+     * @property {function} create - Mock implementation of `create` method.
+     * @property {function} findById - Mock implementation of `findById` method.
+     */
+    log: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+        findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(null),
+        create: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        findById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+    }),
+};
+
+module.exports = mongoose;
diff --git a/test/auth.test.js b/test/auth.test.js
index b10769d..608e97d 100644
--- a/test/auth.test.js
+++ b/test/auth.test.js
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ const authController = require('./../controllers/auth.controller');
 jest.mock('bcrypt');
 jest.mock('jsonwebtoken');
 jest.mock('../utils/emailService');
-jest.mock('mongoose', () => require('mongoose-mock'));
+jest.mock('mongoose');
+jest.mock('../models', () => require('./__mocks__/mongoose'));
 /**
   * @description Unit tests for the login function of the auth controller.
   */
diff --git a/test/middlewares.test.js b/test/middlewares.test.js
index 599f0e4..55b4f07 100644
--- a/test/middlewares.test.js
+++ b/test/middlewares.test.js
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
 const db = require('../models');
 
 jest.mock('express-validator');
-jest.mock('mongoose', () => require('mongoose-mock'));
+jest.mock('mongoose');
+jest.mock('../models', () => require('./__mocks__/mongoose'));
 /**
  * @description Unit tests for the verifyToken middleware function.
  *              This middleware verifies JWT tokens, checks for token validity, blacklist status, and associated user information.
diff --git a/test/role.test.js b/test/role.test.js
index 2000708..d136c9a 100644
--- a/test/role.test.js
+++ b/test/role.test.js
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ const roleController = require('../controllers/role.controller');
 const db = require('../models');
 const httpMocks = require('node-mocks-http');
 
-jest.mock('mongoose', () => require('mongoose-mock'));
+jest.mock('mongoose');
+jest.mock('../models', () => require('./__mocks__/mongoose'));
 
 describe('Role Controller', () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
diff --git a/test/user.test.js b/test/user.test.js
index 862493c..652b56d 100644
--- a/test/user.test.js
+++ b/test/user.test.js
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ const userController = require('../controllers/user.controller');
 const db = require('../models');
 const bcrypt = require('bcrypt');
 const httpMocks = require('node-mocks-http');
-jest.mock('mongoose', () => require('mongoose-mock'));
+jest.mock('mongoose');
+jest.mock('../models', () => require('./__mocks__/mongoose'));
 describe('User Controller', () => {
     let userMock;