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INSTALL.md

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Installation

Sanoid and Syncoid are complementary but separate pieces of software. To install and configure them, follow the guide below for your operating system. Everything in code blocks should be copy-pasteable. If your OS isn't listed, a set of general instructions is at the end of the list and you can perform the process manually.

Debian/Ubuntu

Install prerequisite software:

apt install debhelper libcapture-tiny-perl libconfig-inifiles-perl pv lzop mbuffer build-essential git

Clone this repo, build the debian package and install it (alternatively you can skip the package and do it manually like described below for CentOS):

git clone https://github.com/jimsalterjrs/sanoid.git
cd sanoid
# checkout latest stable release or stay on master for bleeding edge stuff (but expect bugs!)
git checkout $(git tag | grep "^v" | tail -n 1)
ln -s packages/debian .
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
sudo apt install ../sanoid_*_all.deb

Enable sanoid timer:

# enable and start the sanoid timer
sudo systemctl enable --now sanoid.timer

RHEL/CentOS/AlmaLinux

Install prerequisite software:

# Install and enable EPEL if we don't already have it, and git too:
# (Note that on RHEL we cannot enable EPEL with the epel-release
# package, so you should follow the instructions on the main EPEL site.)
sudo yum install -y epel-release git
# On CentOS, we also need to enable the PowerTools repo:
sudo yum config-manager --set-enabled powertools
# For Centos 8 you need to enable the PowerTools repo to make all the needed Perl modules available (Recommended)
sudo dnf config-manager --set-enabled powertools
# On RHEL, instead of PowerTools, we need to enable the CodeReady Builder repo:
sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=codeready-builder-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms
# Install the packages that Sanoid depends on:
sudo yum install -y perl-Config-IniFiles perl-Data-Dumper perl-Capture-Tiny perl-Getopt-Long lzop mbuffer mhash pv
# The repositories above should contain all the relevant Perl modules, but if you
# still cannot find them then you can install them from CPAN manually:
sudo dnf install perl-CPAN perl-CPAN
cpan # answer the questions and paste the following lines:
# install Capture::Tiny
# install Config::IniFiles
# install Getopt::Long

Clone this repo, then put the executables and config files into the appropriate directories:

# Download the repo as root to avoid changing permissions later
sudo git clone https://github.com/jimsalterjrs/sanoid.git
cd sanoid
# checkout latest stable release or stay on master for bleeding edge stuff (but expect bugs!)
git checkout $(git tag | grep "^v" | tail -n 1)
# Install the executables
sudo cp sanoid syncoid findoid sleepymutex /usr/local/sbin
# Create the config directory
sudo mkdir /etc/sanoid
# Install default config
sudo cp sanoid.defaults.conf /etc/sanoid
# Create a blank config file
sudo touch /etc/sanoid/sanoid.conf
# Place the sample config in the conf directory for reference
sudo cp sanoid.conf /etc/sanoid/sanoid.example.conf

Create a systemd service:

cat << "EOF" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/sanoid.service
[Unit]
Description=Snapshot ZFS Pool
Requires=zfs.target
After=zfs.target
Wants=sanoid-prune.service
Before=sanoid-prune.service
ConditionFileNotEmpty=/etc/sanoid/sanoid.conf

[Service]
Environment=TZ=UTC
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/sanoid --take-snapshots --verbose
EOF

cat << "EOF" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/sanoid-prune.service
[Unit]
Description=Cleanup ZFS Pool
Requires=zfs.target
After=zfs.target sanoid.service
ConditionFileNotEmpty=/etc/sanoid/sanoid.conf

[Service]
Environment=TZ=UTC
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/sanoid --prune-snapshots --verbose

[Install]
WantedBy=sanoid.service
EOF

And a systemd timer that will execute Sanoid once per quarter hour (Decrease the interval as suitable for configuration):

cat << "EOF" | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/sanoid.timer
[Unit]
Description=Run Sanoid Every 15 Minutes
Requires=sanoid.service

[Timer]
OnCalendar=*:0/15
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target
EOF

Reload systemd and start our timer:

# Tell systemd about our new service definitions
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
# Enable sanoid-prune.service to allow it to be triggered by sanoid.service
sudo systemctl enable sanoid-prune.service
# Enable and start the Sanoid timer
sudo systemctl enable --now sanoid.timer

Now, proceed to configure Sanoid

FreeBSD

Install prerequisite software:

pkg install p5-Config-Inifiles p5-Capture-Tiny pv mbuffer lzop sanoid

Additional notes:

  • FreeBSD may place pv and lzop in somewhere other than /usr/bin — syncoid currently does not check path.

  • Simplest path workaround is symlinks, eg ln -s /usr/local/bin/lzop /usr/bin/lzop or similar, as appropriate to create links in /usr/bin to wherever the utilities actually are on your system.

  • See note about tcsh unpleasantness and other things in FREEBSD.readme

Alpine Linux / busybox based distributions

The busybox implementation of ps is lacking needed arguments so a proper ps program needs to be installed. For Alpine Linux this can be done with:

apk --no-cache add procps

MacOS

Install prerequisite software:

perl -MCPAN -e install Config::IniFiles

The crontab can be used as on a normal unix. To use launchd instead, this example config file can be use can be used. Modify it for your needs. In particular, adjust the sanoid path. It will start sanoid once per hour, at minute 51. Missed invocations due to standby will be merged into a single invocation at the next wakeup.

cat << "EOF" | sudo tee /Library/LaunchDaemons/net.openoid.Sanoid.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>Label</key>
	<string>net.openoid.Sanoid</string>
	<key>ProgramArguments</key>
	<array>
		<string>/usr/local/sanoid/sanoid</string>
		<string>--cron</string>
	</array>
	<key>EnvironmentVariables</key>
	<dict>
		<key>TZ</key>
		<string>UTC</string>
		<key>PATH</key>
		<string>/usr/local/zfs/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin</string>
	</dict>
	<key>StartCalendarInterval</key>
	<array>
		<dict>
			<key>Minute</key>
			<integer>51</integer>
		</dict>
	</array>
</dict>
</plist>
EOF

sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/net.openoid.Sanoid.plist

Other OSes

Sanoid depends on the Perl module Config::IniFiles and will not operate without it. Config::IniFiles may be installed from CPAN, though the project strongly recommends using your distribution's repositories instead.

Syncoid depends on ssh, pv, gzip, lzop, and mbuffer. It can run with reduced functionality in the absence of any or all of the above. SSH is only required for remote synchronization. On newer FreeBSD and Ubuntu Xenial [email protected], on other distributions arcfour crypto is the default for SSH transport since v1.4.6. Syncoid runs will fail if one of them is not available on either end of the transport.

General outline for installation

  1. Install prerequisites: Perl module Config::IniFiles, ssh, pv, gzip, lzop, and mbuffer
  2. Download the Sanoid repo
  3. Create the config directory /etc/sanoid and put sanoid.defaults.conf in there, and create sanoid.conf in it too
  4. Create a cron job or a systemd timer that runs sanoid --cron once per minute

cron

If you use cron there is the need to ensure that only one instance of sanoid is run at any time (or else there will be funny error messages about missing snapshots, ...). It's also good practice to separate the snapshot taking and pruning so the later won't block the former in case of long running pruning operations. Following is the recommend setup for a standard install:

*/15 * * * * root flock -n /var/run/sanoid/cron-take.lock -c "TZ=UTC sanoid --take-snapshots"
*/15 * * * * root flock -n /var/run/sanoid/cron-prune.lock -c "sanoid --prune-snapshots"

Adapt the timer interval to the lowest configured snapshot interval.

Configuration

Sanoid won't do anything useful unless you tell it how to handle your ZFS datasets in /etc/sanoid/sanoid.conf.

Syncoid is a command line utility that doesn't require any configuration, with all of its switches set at runtime.

Sanoid

Take a look at the files sanoid.defaults.conf and sanoid.conf for all possible configuration options.

Also have a look at the README.md for a simpler suggestion for sanoid.conf.

Syncoid

If you are pushing or pulling from a remote host, create a user with privileges to ssh as well as sudo. To ensure that zfs send/receive can execute, adjust the privileges of the user to execute sudo without a password for only the zfs binary (run which zfs to find the path of the zfs binary). Modify /etc/sudoers by running # visudo. Add the following line for your user.

...
<user> ALL=NOPASSWD: <path of zfs binary>
...