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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.22.4 -->
<!-- CreationDate: Wed Jan 29 11:26:11 2020 -->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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<title>TIMERFD_CREATE</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">TIMERFD_CREATE</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#RETURN VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a><br>
<a href="#ERRORS">ERRORS</a><br>
<a href="#VERSIONS">VERSIONS</a><br>
<a href="#CONFORMING TO">CONFORMING TO</a><br>
<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<a href="#COLOPHON">COLOPHON</a><br>
<hr>
<h2>NAME
<a name="NAME"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">timerfd_create,
timerfd_settime, timerfd_gettime - timers that notify via
file descriptors</p>
<h2>SYNOPSIS
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>#include
<sys/timerfd.h></b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>int
timerfd_create(int</b> <i>clockid</i><b>, int</b>
<i>flags</i><b>);</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>int
timerfd_settime(int</b> <i>fd</i><b>, int</b>
<i>flags</i><b>, <br>
const struct itimerspec *</b><i>new_value</i><b>, <br>
struct itimerspec *</b><i>old_value</i><b>);</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>int
timerfd_gettime(int</b> <i>fd</i><b>, struct itimerspec
*</b><i>curr_value</i><b>);</b></p>
<h2>DESCRIPTION
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">These system
calls create and operate on a timer that delivers timer
expiration notifications via a file descriptor. They provide
an alternative to the use of <b>setitimer</b>(2) or
<b>timer_create</b>(2), with the advantage that the file
descriptor may be monitored by <b>select</b>(2),
<b>poll</b>(2), and <b>epoll</b>(7).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The use of
these three system calls is analogous to the use of
<b>timer_create</b>(2), <b>timer_settime</b>(2), and
<b>timer_gettime</b>(2). (There is no analog of
<b>timer_getoverrun</b>(2), since that functionality is
provided by <b>read</b>(2), as described below.)</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_create()
<br>
timerfd_create</b>() creates a new timer object, and returns
a file descriptor that refers to that timer. The
<i>clockid</i> argument specifies the clock that is used to
mark the progress of the timer, and must be one of the
following: <b><br>
CLOCK_REALTIME</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">A settable system-wide
real-time clock.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">A nonsettable monotonically
increasing clock that measures time from some unspecified
point in the past that does not change after system
startup.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>CLOCK_BOOTTIME</b> (Since
Linux 3.15)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Like <b>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</b>,
this is a monotonically increasing clock. However, whereas
the <b>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</b> clock does not measure the time
while a system is suspended, the <b>CLOCK_BOOTTIME</b> clock
does include the time during which the system is suspended.
This is useful for applications that need to be
suspend-aware. <b>CLOCK_REALTIME</b> is not suitable for
such applications, since that clock is affected by
discontinuous changes to the system clock.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM</b>
(since Linux 3.11)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This clock is like
<b>CLOCK_REALTIME</b>, but will wake the system if it is
suspended. The caller must have the <b>CAP_WAKE_ALARM</b>
capability in order to set a timer against this clock.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM</b>
(since Linux 3.11)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This clock is like
<b>CLOCK_BOOTTIME</b>, but will wake the system if it is
suspended. The caller must have the <b>CAP_WAKE_ALARM</b>
capability in order to set a timer against this clock.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The current
value of each of these clocks can be retrieved using
<b>clock_gettime</b>(2).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Starting with
Linux 2.6.27, the following values may be bitwise ORed in
<i>flags</i> to change the behavior of
<b>timerfd_create</b>():</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="18%">
<p><b>TFD_NONBLOCK</b></p></td>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="68%">
<p>Set the <b>O_NONBLOCK</b> file status flag on the open
file description (see <b>open</b>(2)) referred to by the new
file descriptor. Using this flag saves extra calls to
<b>fcntl</b>(2) to achieve the same result.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="18%">
<p><b>TFD_CLOEXEC</b></p></td>
<td width="3%"></td>
<td width="68%">
<p>Set the close-on-exec (<b>FD_CLOEXEC</b>) flag on the
new file descriptor. See the description of the
<b>O_CLOEXEC</b> flag in <b>open</b>(2) for reasons why this
may be useful.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">In Linux
versions up to and including 2.6.26, <i>flags</i> must be
specified as zero.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_settime()
<br>
timerfd_settime</b>() arms (starts) or disarms (stops) the
timer referred to by the file descriptor <i>fd</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
<i>new_value</i> argument specifies the initial expiration
and interval for the timer. The <i>itimerspec</i> structure
used for this argument contains two fields, each of which is
in turn a structure of type <i>timespec</i>:</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">struct timespec
{ <br>
time_t tv_sec; /* Seconds */ <br>
long tv_nsec; /* Nanoseconds */ <br>
};</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">struct
itimerspec { <br>
struct timespec it_interval; /* Interval for periodic timer
*/ <br>
struct timespec it_value; /* Initial expiration */ <br>
};</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>new_value.it_value</i>
specifies the initial expiration of the timer, in seconds
and nanoseconds. Setting either field of
<i>new_value.it_value</i> to a nonzero value arms the timer.
Setting both fields of <i>new_value.it_value</i> to zero
disarms the timer.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Setting one or
both fields of <i>new_value.it_interval</i> to nonzero
values specifies the period, in seconds and nanoseconds, for
repeated timer expirations after the initial expiration. If
both fields of <i>new_value.it_interval</i> are zero, the
timer expires just once, at the time specified by
<i>new_value.it_value</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">By default, the
initial expiration time specified in <i>new_value</i> is
interpreted relative to the current time on the
timer’s clock at the time of the call (i.e.,
<i>new_value.it_value</i> specifies a time relative to the
current value of the clock specified by <i>clockid</i>). An
absolute timeout can be selected via the <i>flags</i>
argument.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
<i>flags</i> argument is a bit mask that can include the
following values: <b><br>
TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Interpret
<i>new_value.it_value</i> as an absolute value on the
timer’s clock. The timer will expire when the value of
the timer’s clock reaches the value specified in
<i>new_value.it_value</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">If this flag is specified along
with <b>TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME</b> and the clock for this timer
is <b>CLOCK_REALTIME</b> or <b>CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM</b>,
then mark this timer as cancelable if the real-time clock
undergoes a discontinuous change (<b>settimeofday</b>(2),
<b>clock_settime</b>(2), or similar). When such changes
occur, a current or future <b>read</b>(2) from the file
descriptor will fail with the error <b>ECANCELED</b>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the
<i>old_value</i> argument is not NULL, then the
<i>itimerspec</i> structure that it points to is used to
return the setting of the timer that was current at the time
of the call; see the description of <b>timerfd_gettime</b>()
following.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_gettime()
<br>
timerfd_gettime</b>() returns, in <i>curr_value</i>, an
<i>itimerspec</i> structure that contains the current
setting of the timer referred to by the file descriptor
<i>fd</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
<i>it_value</i> field returns the amount of time until the
timer will next expire. If both fields of this structure are
zero, then the timer is currently disarmed. This field
always contains a relative value, regardless of whether the
<b>TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME</b> flag was specified when setting the
timer.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
<i>it_interval</i> field returns the interval of the timer.
If both fields of this structure are zero, then the timer is
set to expire just once, at the time specified by
<i>curr_value.it_value</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Operating on
a timer file descriptor</b> <br>
The file descriptor returned by <b>timerfd_create</b>()
supports the following operations: <b><br>
read</b>(2)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">If the timer has already
expired one or more times since its settings were last
modified using <b>timerfd_settime</b>(), or since the last
successful <b>read</b>(2), then the buffer given to
<b>read</b>(2) returns an unsigned 8-byte integer
(<i>uint64_t</i>) containing the number of expirations that
have occurred. (The returned value is in host byte
order—that is, the native byte order for integers on
the host machine.)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If no timer
expirations have occurred at the time of the <b>read</b>(2),
then the call either blocks until the next timer expiration,
or fails with the error <b>EAGAIN</b> if the file descriptor
has been made nonblocking (via the use of the
<b>fcntl</b>(2) <b>F_SETFL</b> operation to set the
<b>O_NONBLOCK</b> flag).</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">A
<b>read</b>(2) fails with the error <b>EINVAL</b> if the
size of the supplied buffer is less than 8 bytes.</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">If the
associated clock is either <b>CLOCK_REALTIME</b> or
<b>CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM</b>, the timer is absolute
(<b>TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME</b>), and the flag
<b>TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET</b> was specified when calling
<b>timerfd_settime</b>(), then <b>read</b>(2) fails with the
error <b>ECANCELED</b> if the real-time clock undergoes a
discontinuous change. (This allows the reading application
to discover such discontinuous changes to the clock.)</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>poll</b>(2),
<b>select</b>(2) (and similar)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The file descriptor is readable
(the <b>select</b>(2) <i>readfds</i> argument; the
<b>poll</b>(2) <b>POLLIN</b> flag) if one or more timer
expirations have occurred.</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%; margin-top: 1em">The file
descriptor also supports the other file-descriptor
multiplexing APIs: <b>pselect</b>(2), <b>ppoll</b>(2), and
<b>epoll</b>(7).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>ioctl</b>(2)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The following timerfd-specific
command is supported: <b><br>
TFD_IOC_SET_TICKS</b> (since Linux 3.17)</p>
<p style="margin-left:32%;">Adjust the number of timer
expirations that have occurred. The argument is a pointer to
a nonzero 8-byte integer (<i>uint64_t</i>*) containing the
new number of expirations. Once the number is set, any
waiter on the timer is woken up. The only purpose of this
command is to restore the expirations for the purpose of
checkpoint/restore. This operation is available only if the
kernel was configured with the
<b>CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE</b> option.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>close</b>(2)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">When the file descriptor is no
longer required it should be closed. When all file
descriptors associated with the same timer object have been
closed, the timer is disarmed and its resources are freed by
the kernel.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fork(2)
semantics</b> <br>
After a <b>fork</b>(2), the child inherits a copy of the
file descriptor created by <b>timerfd_create</b>(). The file
descriptor refers to the same underlying timer object as the
corresponding file descriptor in the parent, and
<b>read</b>(2)s in the child will return information about
expirations of the timer.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>execve(2)
semantics</b> <br>
A file descriptor created by <b>timerfd_create</b>() is
preserved across <b>execve</b>(2), and continues to generate
timer expirations if the timer was armed.</p>
<h2>RETURN VALUE
<a name="RETURN VALUE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On success,
<b>timerfd_create</b>() returns a new file descriptor. On
error, -1 is returned and <i>errno</i> is set to indicate
the error.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_settime</b>()
and <b>timerfd_gettime</b>() return 0 on success; on error
they return -1, and set <i>errno</i> to indicate the
error.</p>
<h2>ERRORS
<a name="ERRORS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_create</b>()
can fail with the following errors:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>The <i>clockid</i> argument is neither
<b>CLOCK_MONOTONIC</b> nor <b>CLOCK_REALTIME</b>;</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>flags</i> is invalid; or, in Linux 2.6.26 or earlier,
<i>flags</i> is nonzero.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EMFILE</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>The per-process limit on the number of open file
descriptors has been reached.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENFILE</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>The system-wide limit on the total number of open files
has been reached.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENODEV</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Could not mount (internal) anonymous inode device.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENOMEM</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>There was insufficient kernel memory to create the
timer.</p> </td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_settime</b>()
and <b>timerfd_gettime</b>() can fail with the following
errors:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>EBADF</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><i>fd</i> is not a valid file
descriptor.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EFAULT</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>new_value</i>, <i>old_value</i>, or <i>curr_value</i>
is not valid a pointer.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>fd</i> is not a valid timerfd file descriptor.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>timerfd_settime</b>()
can also fail with the following errors:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><i>new_value</i> is not properly
initialized (one of the <i>tv_nsec</i> falls outside the
range zero to 999,999,999).</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>flags</i> is invalid.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<h2>VERSIONS
<a name="VERSIONS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">These system
calls are available on Linux since kernel 2.6.25. Library
support is provided by glibc since version 2.8.</p>
<h2>CONFORMING TO
<a name="CONFORMING TO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">These system
calls are Linux-specific.</p>
<h2>BUGS
<a name="BUGS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Currently,
<b>timerfd_create</b>() supports fewer types of clock IDs
than <b>timer_create</b>(2).</p>
<h2>EXAMPLE
<a name="EXAMPLE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
program creates a timer and then monitors its progress. The
program accepts up to three command-line arguments. The
first argument specifies the number of seconds for the
initial expiration of the timer. The second argument
specifies the interval for the timer, in seconds. The third
argument specifies the number of times the program should
allow the timer to expire before terminating. The second and
third command-line arguments are optional.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
shell session demonstrates the use of the program:</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">$ <b>a.out 3 1
100</b> <br>
0.000: timer started <br>
3.000: read: 1; total=1 <br>
4.000: read: 1; total=2 <b><br>
^Z</b> # type control-Z to suspend the program <br>
[1]+ Stopped ./timerfd3_demo 3 1 100 <br>
$ <b>fg</b> # Resume execution after a few seconds <br>
a.out 3 1 100 <br>
9.660: read: 5; total=7 <br>
10.000: read: 1; total=8 <br>
11.000: read: 1; total=9 <b><br>
^C</b> # type control-C to suspend the program</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Program
source</b> <br>
#include <sys/timerfd.h> <br>
#include <time.h> <br>
#include <unistd.h> <br>
#include <stdlib.h> <br>
#include <stdio.h> <br>
#include <stdint.h> /* Definition of uint64_t */</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">#define
handle_error(msg) \ <br>
do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">static void
<br>
print_elapsed_time(void) <br>
{ <br>
static struct timespec start; <br>
struct timespec curr; <br>
static int first_call = 1; <br>
int secs, nsecs;</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if (first_call)
{ <br>
first_call = 0; <br>
if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &start) == -1) <br>
handle_error("clock_gettime"); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if
(clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &curr) == -1) <br>
handle_error("clock_gettime");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">secs =
curr.tv_sec - start.tv_sec; <br>
nsecs = curr.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec; <br>
if (nsecs < 0) { <br>
secs--; <br>
nsecs += 1000000000; <br>
} <br>
printf("%d.%03d: ", secs, (nsecs + 500000) /
1000000); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">int <br>
main(int argc, char *argv[]) <br>
{ <br>
struct itimerspec new_value; <br>
int max_exp, fd; <br>
struct timespec now; <br>
uint64_t exp, tot_exp; <br>
ssize_t s;</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if ((argc != 2)
&& (argc != 4)) { <br>
fprintf(stderr, "%s init-secs [interval-secs
max-exp]\n", <br>
argv[0]); <br>
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if
(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now) == -1) <br>
handle_error("clock_gettime");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">/* Create a
CLOCK_REALTIME absolute timer with initial <br>
expiration and interval as specified in command line */</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">new_value.it_value.tv_sec
= now.tv_sec + atoi(argv[1]); <br>
new_value.it_value.tv_nsec = now.tv_nsec; <br>
if (argc == 2) { <br>
new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = 0; <br>
max_exp = 1; <br>
} else { <br>
new_value.it_interval.tv_sec = atoi(argv[2]); <br>
max_exp = atoi(argv[3]); <br>
} <br>
new_value.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">fd =
timerfd_create(CLOCK_REALTIME, 0); <br>
if (fd == -1) <br>
handle_error("timerfd_create");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if
(timerfd_settime(fd, TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME, &new_value,
NULL) == -1) <br>
handle_error("timerfd_settime");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">print_elapsed_time();
<br>
printf("timer started\n");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">for (tot_exp =
0; tot_exp < max_exp;) { <br>
s = read(fd, &exp, sizeof(uint64_t)); <br>
if (s != sizeof(uint64_t)) <br>
handle_error("read");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">tot_exp += exp;
<br>
print_elapsed_time(); <br>
printf("read: %llu; total=%llu\n", <br>
(unsigned long long) exp, <br>
(unsigned long long) tot_exp); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
<br>
}</p>
<h2>SEE ALSO
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>eventfd</b>(2),
<b>poll</b>(2), <b>read</b>(2), <b>select</b>(2),
<b>setitimer</b>(2), <b>signalfd</b>(2),
<b>timer_create</b>(2), <b>timer_gettime</b>(2),
<b>timer_settime</b>(2), <b>epoll</b>(7), <b>time</b>(7)</p>
<h2>COLOPHON
<a name="COLOPHON"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This page is
part of release 5.02 of the Linux <i>man-pages</i> project.
A description of the project, information about reporting
bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</p>
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