diff --git a/identity_credential/src/validator/test_utils.rs b/identity_credential/src/validator/test_utils.rs
index 7bc5e113a6..22a18a7605 100644
--- a/identity_credential/src/validator/test_utils.rs
+++ b/identity_credential/src/validator/test_utils.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_public_ed25519_jwk(public_key: &PublicKey) -> Jwk {
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = None;
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   let mut jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
   jwk.set_alg(JwsAlgorithm::EdDSA.name());
   jwk
diff --git a/identity_iota_core/src/document/test_utils.rs b/identity_iota_core/src/document/test_utils.rs
index dd27c95312..b45d418751 100644
--- a/identity_iota_core/src/document/test_utils.rs
+++ b/identity_iota_core/src/document/test_utils.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn encode_public_ed25519_jwk(public_key: &[u8]) -> Jwk {
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = None;
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   let mut jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
   jwk.set_alg(JwsAlgorithm::EdDSA.name());
   jwk
diff --git a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/ed25519.rs b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/ed25519.rs
index 8e807af6c9..619493c35d 100644
--- a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/ed25519.rs
+++ b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/ed25519.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,6 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_jwk(private_key: &SecretKey, public_key: &crypto::signature
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = Some(d);
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   Jwk::from_params(params)
 }
diff --git a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/memstore.rs b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/memstore.rs
index 3141351dc0..08d1acb519 100644
--- a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/memstore.rs
+++ b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/memstore.rs
@@ -362,10 +362,10 @@ mod tests {
     let store: JwkMemStore = JwkMemStore::new();
 
     let mut ec_params = JwkParamsEc::new();
-    EcCurve::P256.name().clone_into(&mut ec_params.crv);
-    "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.x);
-    "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.y);
-    ec_params.d = Some("".to_owned());
+    ec_params.crv = EcCurve::P256.name().to_string();
+    ec_params.x = String::new();
+    ec_params.y = String::new();
+    ec_params.d = Some(String::new());
     let jwk_ec = Jwk::from_params(ec_params);
 
     let err = store.insert(jwk_ec).await.unwrap_err();
diff --git a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/tests/utils.rs b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/tests/utils.rs
index a8b071932d..b5ca210301 100644
--- a/identity_storage/src/key_storage/tests/utils.rs
+++ b/identity_storage/src/key_storage/tests/utils.rs
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn test_incompatible_key_alg(store: impl JwkStorage) {
 
 pub(crate) async fn test_incompatible_key_type(store: impl JwkStorage) {
   let mut ec_params = JwkParamsEc::new();
-  EcCurve::P256.name().clone_into(&mut ec_params.crv);
-  "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.x);
-  "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.y);
-  ec_params.d = Some("".to_owned());
+  ec_params.crv = EcCurve::P256.name().to_string();
+  ec_params.x = String::new();
+  ec_params.y = String::new();
+  ec_params.d = Some(String::new());
   let jwk_ec = Jwk::from_params(ec_params);
 
   let err = store.insert(jwk_ec).await.unwrap_err();
diff --git a/identity_storage/src/storage/tests/test_utils.rs b/identity_storage/src/storage/tests/test_utils.rs
index dd8a91f326..77b1a92072 100644
--- a/identity_storage/src/storage/tests/test_utils.rs
+++ b/identity_storage/src/storage/tests/test_utils.rs
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_public_ed25519_jwk(public_key: &PublicKey) -> Jwk {
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = None;
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   let mut jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
   jwk.set_alg(JwsAlgorithm::EdDSA.name());
   jwk
diff --git a/identity_stronghold/src/ed25519.rs b/identity_stronghold/src/ed25519.rs
index f9a5914839..933983cdfc 100644
--- a/identity_stronghold/src/ed25519.rs
+++ b/identity_stronghold/src/ed25519.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,6 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_jwk(private_key: &SecretKey, public_key: &crypto::signature
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = Some(d);
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   Jwk::from_params(params)
 }
diff --git a/identity_stronghold/src/stronghold_jwk_storage.rs b/identity_stronghold/src/stronghold_jwk_storage.rs
index e63a880ecb..f3335883b5 100644
--- a/identity_stronghold/src/stronghold_jwk_storage.rs
+++ b/identity_stronghold/src/stronghold_jwk_storage.rs
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl StrongholdStorage {
 
     let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
     params.x = jwu::encode_b64(public_key);
-    EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+    params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
     let mut jwk: Jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
     jwk.set_alg(JwsAlgorithm::EdDSA.name());
     jwk.set_kid(jwk.thumbprint_sha256_b64());
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl JwkStorage for StrongholdStorage {
 
     let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
     params.x = jwu::encode_b64(public_key);
-    EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+    params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
     let mut jwk: Jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
     jwk.set_alg(alg.name());
     jwk.set_kid(jwk.thumbprint_sha256_b64());
diff --git a/identity_stronghold/src/tests/test_jwk_storage.rs b/identity_stronghold/src/tests/test_jwk_storage.rs
index c461abe0ed..f3a630bc7d 100644
--- a/identity_stronghold/src/tests/test_jwk_storage.rs
+++ b/identity_stronghold/src/tests/test_jwk_storage.rs
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ mod jwk_storage_tests {
 
   pub(crate) async fn test_incompatible_key_type(store: impl JwkStorage) {
     let mut ec_params = JwkParamsEc::new();
-    EcCurve::P256.name().clone_into(&mut ec_params.crv);
-    "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.x);
-    "".clone_into(&mut ec_params.y);
-    ec_params.d = Some("".to_owned());
+    ec_params.crv = EcCurve::P256.name().to_string();
+    ec_params.x = String::new();
+    ec_params.y = String::new);
+    ec_params.d = Some(String::new());
     let jwk_ec = Jwk::from_params(ec_params);
 
     let err = store.insert(jwk_ec).await.unwrap_err();
diff --git a/identity_stronghold/src/tests/utils.rs b/identity_stronghold/src/tests/utils.rs
index 77053ef814..5113c95f28 100644
--- a/identity_stronghold/src/tests/utils.rs
+++ b/identity_stronghold/src/tests/utils.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub(crate) fn encode_public_ed25519_jwk(public_key: &PublicKey) -> Jwk {
   let mut params = JwkParamsOkp::new();
   params.x = x;
   params.d = None;
-  EdCurve::Ed25519.name().clone_into(&mut params.crv);
+  params.crv = EdCurve::Ed25519.name().to_string();
   let mut jwk = Jwk::from_params(params);
   jwk.set_alg(JwsAlgorithm::EdDSA.name());
   jwk