diff --git a/nix/nixos-modules/astral/vfio/vfiohotplug.py b/nix/nixos-modules/astral/vfio/vfiohotplug.py
index c9b29020..28e3790d 100755
--- a/nix/nixos-modules/astral/vfio/vfiohotplug.py
+++ b/nix/nixos-modules/astral/vfio/vfiohotplug.py
@@ -111,14 +111,20 @@ def manage_device(action: str, device: Device, config: Config):
 <product id="0x{device.product}" />
 </source>
 </hostdev>"""
+                manage_device_raw_xml(action, xml, config)
             case "pci":
-                path = find_pci_path(device.vendor, device.product)
-                xml = f"""
-<hostdev mode="subsystem" type="pci" managed="yes">
-  <source>
-    <address domain="0x{path.domain}" bus="0x{path.bus}" slot="0x{path.slot}" function="0x{path.function}"/>
-  </source>
-</hostdev>"""
+                for path in find_pci_paths(device.vendor, device.product):
+                    xml = f"""
+    <hostdev mode="subsystem" type="pci" managed="yes">
+    <source>
+        <address domain="0x{path.domain}" bus="0x{path.bus}" slot="0x{path.slot}" function="0x{path.function}"/>
+    </source>
+    </hostdev>"""
+                    manage_device_raw_xml(action, xml, config)
+
+
+def manage_device_raw_xml(action: str, xml: str, config: Config):
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("w") as f:
         logger.debug("Writing XML file %r: %r", f.name, xml)
 
         f.write(xml)
@@ -176,21 +182,26 @@ def parse_device(d: dict) -> Device:
     return Device(dt, vendor, product)
 
 
-def find_pci_path(vendor: str, product: str) -> PCIPath:
+def find_pci_paths(vendor: str, product: str) -> t.List[PCIPath]:
     vpid = f"{vendor}:{product}"
-    logger.debug("querying path of device %s", vpid)
-    output = (
-        subprocess.check_output(["lspci", "-d", vpid, "-D"])
-        .decode()
-        .strip()
-        .splitlines()
-    )
+    cmd = ["lspci", "-d", vpid, "-D"]
+    logger.debug("querying path of device %s with command %r", vpid, cmd)
+    output = subprocess.check_output(cmd).decode().strip()
+    logger.debug("output: %r", output)
 
     results = [
-        PCIPath(*re.match(r"(\d+):(\d+):(\d+).(\d+).*", l).groups()) for l in output
+        PCIPath(*re.match(r"(\w+):(\w+):(\w+).(\w+).*", l).groups())
+        for l in output.splitlines()
+        if l.strip()
     ]
-    logger.info("associated pci:%s to paths: %r", vpid, results)
-    return results[0]
+
+    if not results:
+        raise EnvironmentError(
+            f"Could not find PCI path for {vpid}! lspci output: {output}"
+        )
+
+    logger.debug("associated pci:%s to paths: %r", vpid, results)
+    return results
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":