diff --git a/.all-contributorsrc b/.all-contributorsrc deleted file mode 100644 index bc6a9103f7ea..000000000000 --- a/.all-contributorsrc +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -{ - "files": [ - "README.md" - ], - "imageSize": 100, - "commit": false, - "contributorsPerLine": 7, - "projectName": "al-folio", - "projectOwner": "alshedivat", - "repoType": "github", - "repoHost": "https://github.com", - "badgeTemplate": "[core_contributors]: https://img.shields.io/badge/core_contributors-<%= contributors.length %>-orange.svg 'Number of core contributors'", - "contributorTemplate": "\">\" width=\"<%= options.imageSize %>px;\" alt=\"\"/>
<%= contributor.name %>", - "skipCi": true, - "contributors": [ - { - "login": "alshedivat", - "name": "Maruan", - "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2126561?v=4", - "profile": "http://maruan.alshedivat.com", - "contributions": [ - "design", - "code" - ] - }, - { - "login": "rohandebsarkar", - "name": "Rohan Deb Sarkar", - "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50144004?v=4", - "profile": "http://rohandebsarkar.github.io", - "contributions": [ - "code" - ] - }, - { - "login": "pourmand1376", - "name": "Amir Pourmand", - "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32064808?v=4", - "profile": "https://amirpourmand.ir", - "contributions": [ - "code" - ] - } - ] -} diff --git a/.github/FUNDING.yml b/.github/FUNDING.yml deleted file mode 100644 index c78502f480c8..000000000000 --- a/.github/FUNDING.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# These are supported funding model platforms - -github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2] -patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username -open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username -ko_fi: alshedivat -tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel -community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry -liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username -issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username -otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username -custom: # ['https://www.buymeacoffee.com/TkFxuKo'] diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md deleted file mode 100644 index 511f585150ba..000000000000 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ ---- -name: Bug report -about: Create a report to help us improve -title: '' -labels: bug -assignees: '' - ---- - -**Acknowledge the following** -- [ ] I carefully read and followed the [Getting Started](https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio#getting-started) guide. -- [ ] I read through [FAQ](https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio#faq) and searched through the [past issues](https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio/issues), none of which addressed my issue. -- [ ] The issue I am raising is a potential bug in al-folio and not just a usage question.
[For usage questions, please post in the [Discussions](https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio/discussions) instead of raising an issue.] - -**Describe the bug** -A clear and concise description of what the bug is. - -**To Reproduce** -Steps to reproduce the behavior: -1. Go to '...' -2. Click on '....' -3. Scroll down to '....' -4. See error - -**Expected behavior** -A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen. - -**Screenshots** -If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem. - -**System (please complete the following information):** - - OS: [e.g. iOS] - - Browser (and its version) [e.g. chrome, safari] - - Jekyll version [e.g. 3.8.7] -- Ruby version [e.g. 2.6.5] - -**Additional context** -Add any other context about the problem here. diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md deleted file mode 100644 index 11fc491ef1da..000000000000 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ ---- -name: Feature request -about: Suggest an idea for this project -title: '' -labels: enhancement -assignees: '' - ---- - -**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.** -A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...] - -**Describe the solution you'd like** -A clear and concise description of what you want to happen. - -**Describe alternatives you've considered** -A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered. - -**Additional context** -Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here. diff --git a/.github/stale.yml b/.github/stale.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 8ec2004d8caa..000000000000 --- a/.github/stale.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale -daysUntilStale: 60 -# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed -daysUntilClose: 7 -# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale -exemptLabels: - - pinned - - security - - enhancement -# Label to use when marking an issue as stale -staleLabel: wontfix -# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable -markComment: > - This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had - recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you - for your contributions. -# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable -closeComment: false diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-docker-tag.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-docker-tag.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 3e6b6a3a169f..000000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/deploy-docker-tag.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -name: Docker Image CI (Upload Tag) - -on: - push: - tags: - - 'v*' - -jobs: - - build: - - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - - steps: - - name: Checkout - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: Buildx - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1 - - - - name: Docker meta - id: meta - uses: docker/metadata-action@v4 - with: - images: amirpourmand/al-folio - - - name: Login - uses: docker/login-action@v1 - with: - username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} - password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} - - - name: Build and push - uses: docker/build-push-action@v3 - with: - context: . - push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }} - tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }} - labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }} - diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-image.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-image.yml deleted file mode 100644 index b747dfc1d15c..000000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/deploy-image.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -name: Docker Image CI - -on: - push: - branches: [ master ] - -jobs: - - build: - - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - if: github.repository_owner == 'alshedivat' - - steps: - - name: Checkout - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: Buildx - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1 - - - name: Login - uses: docker/login-action@v1 - with: - username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} - password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} - - - name: Build and push - uses: docker/build-push-action@v2 - with: - context: . - push: true - tags: amirpourmand/al-folio diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 0301f08040fc..000000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/deploy.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -name: deploy - -on: - push: - branches: - - master - - main - pull_request: - branches: - - master - - main - -jobs: - deploy: - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - steps: - - name: Checkout code - uses: actions/checkout@v3 - - name: Setup Ruby - uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1 - with: - ruby-version: '3.0.2' - bundler-cache: true - - name: Install deps - run: | - npm install -g mermaid.cli - - name: Setup deploy options - id: setup - run: | - git config --global user.name "GitHub Action" - git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com" - if [[ ${GITHUB_REF} = refs/pull/*/merge ]]; then # pull request - echo "SRC_BRANCH=${GITHUB_HEAD_REF}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - echo "NO_PUSH=--no-push" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - elif [[ ${GITHUB_REF} = refs/heads/* ]]; then # branch, e.g. master, source etc - echo "SRC_BRANCH=${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - fi - echo "DEPLOY_BRANCH=gh-pages" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT - - name: Deploy website - run: yes | bash bin/deploy --verbose ${{ steps.setup.outputs.NO_PUSH }} - --src ${{ steps.setup.outputs.SRC_BRANCH }} - --deploy ${{ steps.setup.outputs.DEPLOY_BRANCH }} diff --git a/.nojekyll b/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e69de29bb2d1 diff --git a/404.html b/404.html index 0da4ee0bb54a..b8929a28e493 100644 --- a/404.html +++ b/404.html @@ -1,9 +1 @@ ---- -layout: page -permalink: /404.html -title: "Page not found" -description: "Looks like there has been a mistake. Nothing exists here." -redirect: true ---- - -

You will be redirected to the main page within 3 seconds. If not redirected, please click here.

+ Page not found | Hung-Yueh Chiang

You will be redirected to the main page within 3 seconds. If not redirected, please click here.

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile deleted file mode 100644 index 0cb2a8af6fc5..000000000000 --- a/Gemfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -source 'https://rubygems.org' -group :jekyll_plugins do - gem 'jekyll' - gem 'jekyll-archives' - gem 'jekyll-diagrams' - gem 'jekyll-email-protect' - gem 'jekyll-feed' - gem 'jekyll-imagemagick' - gem 'jekyll-minifier' - gem 'jekyll-paginate-v2' - gem 'jekyll-scholar' - gem 'jekyll-sitemap' - gem 'jekyll-link-attributes' - gem 'jekyll-twitter-plugin' - gem 'jemoji' - gem 'mini_racer' - gem 'unicode_utils' - gem 'webrick' -end -group :other_plugins do - gem 'httparty' - gem 'feedjira' -end diff --git a/_bibliography/papers.bib b/_bibliography/papers.bib deleted file mode 100644 index d6f7b665ef42..000000000000 --- a/_bibliography/papers.bib +++ /dev/null @@ -1,196 +0,0 @@ ---- ---- -@misc{chiang2024quamba, - title={Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models}, - author={Hung-Yueh Chiang and Chi-Chih Chang and Natalia Frumkin and Kai-Chiang Wu and Diana Marculescu}, - year={2024}, - eprint={2410.13229}, - archivePrefix={arXiv}, - primaryClass={cs.LG}, - url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13229}, - venue_type={arXiv}, - venue_url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13229}, - html={https://hychiang.info/projects/quamba/}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13229.pdf}, - preview={quamba.png}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={true}, -} - - -@inproceedings{chiang2024scan, - title={SCAN-Edge: Finding MobileNet-speed Hybrid Networks for Diverse Edge Devices via Hardware-Aware Evolutionary Search}, - author={Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Marculescu, Diana}, - booktitle={5th Workshop on practical ML for limited/low resource settings}, - year={2024}, - abbr={ICLR}, - venue_type={Workshop}, - venue_url={https://pml4dc.github.io/iclr2024/}, - preview={scan_edge.png}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15395}, - html={https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15395}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false} -} - -@inproceedings{yang2024cache, - title={Cache and Reuse: Rethinking the Efficiency of On-device Transfer Learning}, - author={Yang, Yuedong and Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Li, Guihong and Marculescu, Diana and Marculescu, Radu}, - booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition}, - pages={8040--8049}, - year={2024}, - abbr={CVPR}, - venue_type={Workshop}, - venue_url={https://sites.google.com/view/ecv24/home}, - preview={cache_and_reuse.png}, - pdf={https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2024W/ECV24/papers/Yang_Cache_and_Reuse_Rethinking_the_Efficiency_of_On-device_Transfer_Learning_CVPRW_2024_paper.pdf}, - html={https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/CVPR2024W/ECV24/html/Yang_Cache_and_Reuse_Rethinking_the_Efficiency_of_On-device_Transfer_Learning_CVPRW_2024_paper.html}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false} -} - -@inproceedings{yang2023efficient, - title={Efficient Low-rank Backpropagation for Vision Transformer Adaptation}, - author={Yang, Yuedong and Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Li, Guihong and Marculescu, Diana and Marculescu, Radu}, - booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={https://nips.cc/Conferences/2023}, - year={2023}, - abbr={NeurIPS}, - preview={lbp-wht.png}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15275v1.pdf}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={true} -} - -@inproceedings{chiang2022mobiletl, - title={MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks}, - author={Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Frumkin, Natalia and Liang, Feng and Marculescu, Diana}, - booktitle={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-23/}, - accepted_type={Oral paper}, - year={2023}, - abbr={AAAI}, - preview={mobiletl.png}, - website={https://hychiang.info/projects/mobiletl/}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03246.pdf}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={true} -} - - -@inproceedings{liu2021fox, - title={FOX-NAS: Fast, On-device and Explainable Neural Architecture Search}, - author={Liu, Chia-Hsiang and Han, Yu-Shin and Sung, Yuan-Yao and Lee, Yi and Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Wu, Kai-Chiang}, - booktitle={ICCV Low-Power Computer Vision Workshop (LPCV)}, - venue_type={Workshop}, - venue_url={https://lpcv.ai/2021ICCV/program}, - year={2021}, - abbr={ICCV}, - preview={foxnas.png}, - html={https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.08189}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.08189.pdf}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false}, -} - -@article{liu2021learning, - title={Learning from 2D: Pixel-to-Point Knowledge Transfer for 3D Pretraining}, - author={Liu, Yueh-Cheng and Huang, Yu-Kai and Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Su, Hung-Ting and Liu, Zhe-Yu and Chen, Chin-Tang and Tseng, Ching-Yu and Hsu, Winston H}, - journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04687}, - venue_type={arXiv}, - venue_url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04687}, - year={2021}, - html={https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04687}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.04687.pdf}, - preview={learning_from_2d.png}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={true}, -} - -@inproceedings{chiang2019unified, - title={A unified point-based framework for 3d segmentation}, - author={Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Lin, Yen-Liang and Liu, Yueh-Cheng and Hsu, Winston H}, - booktitle={International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)}, - pages={155--163}, - year={2019}, - organization={IEEE}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={http://3dv19.gel.ulaval.ca/}, - abbr={3DV}, - preview={jpb.png}, - html={https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8885691}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00478.pdf}, - code={https://github.com/hychiang-git/joint_point_based}, - video={https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqBcxw6iaD0}, - website={https://hychiang.info/projects/3DSeg/}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={true}, -} - -@article{lee2019metadata, - title={Metadata-Augmented Neural Networks for Cross-Location Solar Irradiation Prediction from Satellite Images}, - author={Lee, Kuan-Ying and Huang, Hsin-Fu and Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Lee, Hu-Cheng and Hsu, Winston H and Chen, Wen-Chin}, - booktitle={The 5th Mining and Learning from Time Series Workshop with KDD 2019}, - year={2019}, - organization={KDD}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={https://milets19.github.io/}, - abbr={KDD}, - preview={meta.png}, - html={https://milets19.github.io/}, - pdf={https://milets19.github.io/papers/milets19_paper_1.pdf}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false}, -} - -@inproceedings{lee2018cross, - title={Cross-domain image-based 3D shape retrieval by view sequence learning}, - author={Lee, Tang and Lin, Yen-Liang and Chiang, HungYueh and Chiu, Ming-Wei and Hsu, Winston and Huang, Polly}, - booktitle={International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)}, - pages={258--266}, - year={2018}, - organization={IEEE}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={http://3dv18.uniud.it/}, - abbr={3DV}, - preview={3d_retrieval.png}, - html={https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8490976}, - pdf={https://winstonhsu.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/tang18crossdomain.pdf}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false}, -} - -@inproceedings{lin2018netizen, - title={Netizen-style commenting on fashion photos: dataset and diversity measures}, - author={Lin, Wen Hua and Chen, Kuan-Ting and Chiang, Hung Yueh and Hsu, Winston}, - booktitle={Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018}, - pages={395--402}, - venue_type={Conference}, - venue_url={https://www2018.thewebconf.org/}, - abbr={TheWebConf}, - preview={netchat.png}, - html={https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3184558.3186354}, - pdf={https://arxiv.org/pdf/1801.10300.pdf}, - year={2018}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false}, -} - -@inproceedings{hua2017shrec, - title={SHREC'17: RGB-D to CAD retrieval with ObjectNN dataset}, - author={Hua, Binh Son and Truong, Quang Trung and Tran, Minh Khoi and Pham, Quang Hieu and Kanezaki, Asako and Lee, Tang and Chiang, Hung Yueh and Hsu, Winston and Li, Bo and Lu, Yijuan and others}, - booktitle={10th Eurographics Workshop on 3D Object Retrieval, 3DOR 2017}, - pages={25--32}, - year={2017}, - venue_type={Workshop}, - venue_url={https://hkust-vgd.ust.hk/scenenn/home/shrec17/}, - abbr={Eurographics}, - preview={shrec.png}, - html={https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/shrec17-rgb-d-to-cad-retrieval-with-objectnn-dataset}, - pdf={https://sonhua.github.io/pdf/hua-shrec17.pdf}, - organization={Eurographics Association}, - bibtex_show={true}, - selected={false}, -} diff --git a/_bibliography/papers_.bib b/_bibliography/papers_.bib deleted file mode 100644 index 01c52133c47a..000000000000 --- a/_bibliography/papers_.bib +++ /dev/null @@ -1,83 +0,0 @@ ---- ---- - -@string{aps = {American Physical Society,}} - -@book{einstein1956investigations, - bibtex_show={true}, - title={Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement}, - author={Einstein, Albert}, - year={1956}, - publisher={Courier Corporation,}, - preview={brownian-motion.gif} -} - -@article{einstein1950meaning, - abbr={AJP}, - bibtex_show={true}, - title={The meaning of relativity}, - author={Einstein, Albert and Taub, AH}, - journal={American Journal of Physics,}, - volume={18}, - number={6}, - pages={403--404}, - year={1950}, - publisher={American Association of Physics Teachers,} -} - -@article{PhysRev.47.777, - abbr={PhysRev}, - title={Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?}, - author={Einstein, A. and Podolsky, B. and Rosen, N.}, - abstract={In a complete theory there is an element corresponding to each element of reality. A sufficient condition for the reality of a physical quantity is the possibility of predicting it with certainty, without disturbing the system. In quantum mechanics in the case of two physical quantities described by non-commuting operators, the knowledge of one precludes the knowledge of the other. Then either (1) the description of reality given by the wave function in quantum mechanics is not complete or (2) these two quantities cannot have simultaneous reality. Consideration of the problem of making predictions concerning a system on the basis of measurements made on another system that had previously interacted with it leads to the result that if (1) is false then (2) is also false. One is thus led to conclude that the description of reality as given by a wave function is not complete.}, - journal={Phys. Rev.,}, - volume={47}, - issue={10}, - pages={777--780}, - numpages={0}, - year={1935}, - month={May}, - publisher=aps, - doi={10.1103/PhysRev.47.777}, - url={http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777}, - html={https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777}, - pdf={example_pdf.pdf}, - altmetric={248277}, - selected={true} -} - -@article{einstein1905molekularkinetischen, - title={{\"U}ber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der W{\"a}rme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Fl{\"u}ssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen}, - author={Einstein, A.}, - journal={Annalen der physik,}, - volume={322}, - number={8}, - pages={549--560}, - year={1905}, - publisher={Wiley Online Library} -} - -@article{einstein1905movement, - abbr={Ann. Phys.}, - title={Un the movement of small particles suspended in statiunary liquids required by the molecular-kinetic theory 0f heat}, - author={Einstein, A.}, - journal={Ann. Phys.,}, - volume={17}, - pages={549--560}, - year={1905} -} - -@article{einstein1905electrodynamics, - title={On the electrodynamics of moving bodies}, - author={Einstein, A.}, - year={1905} -} - -@book{przibram1967letters, - bibtex_show={true}, - title={Letters on wave mechanics}, - author={Einstein, Albert and Schrödinger, Erwin and Planck, Max and Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon and Przibram, Karl}, - year={1967}, - publisher={Vision}, - preview={wave-mechanics.gif} -} diff --git a/_config.yml b/_config.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 59aa9093a66e..000000000000 --- a/_config.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,360 +0,0 @@ -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Site settings -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -title: blank # the website title (if blank, full name will be used instead) -first_name: Hung-Yueh -middle_name: -last_name: Chiang -chinese_name: 江泓樂 -email: hungyueh[dot]chiang[at]utexas[dot]edu -description: > # the ">" symbol means to ignore newlines until "footer_text:" -# A simple, whitespace theme for academics. Based on [*folio](https://github.com/bogoli/-folio) design. -footer_text: > - Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. - Hosted by GitHub Pages. -keywords: # jekyll, jekyll-theme, academic-website, portfolio-website # add your own keywords or leave empty - -lang: en # the language of your site (for example: en, fr, cn, ru, etc.) -icon: ut_shield.png # the emoji used as the favicon (alternatively, provide image name in /assets/img/) - -url: # https://alshedivat.github.io # the base hostname & protocol for your site -baseurl: # /al-folio # the subpath of your site, e.g. /blog/ -last_updated: true # set to true if you want to display last updated in the footer -impressum_path: # set to path to include impressum link in the footer, use the same path as permalink in a page, helps to conform with EU GDPR - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Theme -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -# code highlighter theme -highlight_theme_light: github # https://github.com/jwarby/jekyll-pygments-themes -highlight_theme_dark: native # https://github.com/jwarby/jekyll-pygments-themes - -# repo color theme -repo_theme_light: default # https://github.com/anuraghazra/github-readme-stats/blob/master/themes/README.md -repo_theme_dark: dark # https://github.com/anuraghazra/github-readme-stats/blob/master/themes/README.md - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# RSS Feed -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# will use title and url fields -# Take a look to https://github.com/jekyll/jekyll-feed for more customization - -rss_icon: true - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Layout -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -navbar_fixed: true -footer_fixed: false - -# Dimensions -max_width: 1000px - -# TODO: add layout settings (single page vs. multi-page) - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Open Graph & Schema.org -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Display links to the page with a preview object on social media. -serve_og_meta: false # Include Open Graph meta tags in the HTML head -serve_schema_org: false # Include Schema.org in the HTML head -og_image: # The site-wide (default for all links) Open Graph preview image - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Social integration -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -github_username: hychiang-git # your GitHub user name -gitlab_username: # your GitLab user name -twitter_username: yueh_ch # your Twitter handle -mastodon_username: # your mastodon instance+username in the format instance.tld/@username -linkedin_username: hung-yueh-chiang-25898ba3 # your LinkedIn user name -telegram_username: # your Telegram user name -scholar_userid: 2uTRM0MAAAAJ # your Google Scholar ID -semanticscholar_id: # your Semantic Scholar ID -whatsapp_number: # your WhatsApp number (full phone number in international format. Omit any zeroes, brackets, or dashes when adding the phone number in international format.) -orcid_id: # your ORCID ID -medium_username: # your Medium username -quora_username: # your Quora username -publons_id: # your ID on Publons -research_gate_profile: # your profile on ResearchGate -blogger_url: # your blogger URL -work_url: # work page URL -keybase_username: # your keybase user name -wikidata_id: # your wikidata id -dblp_url: # your DBLP profile url -stackoverflow_id: # your stackoverflow id -kaggle_id: # your kaggle id -lastfm_id: # your lastfm id -spotify_id: # your spotify id -pinterest_id: # your pinterest id -unsplash_id: # your unsplash id -instagram_id: hyc.footmark # your instagram id -facebook_id: # your facebook id -discord_id: # your discord id (18-digit unique numerical identifier) - -contact_note: > - Best way to reach me via email. - -# contact_note: > -# Best way to reach me via email.
I photograph visited places at Instagram. - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Analytics and search engine verification -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -google_analytics: # your Goole Analytics measurement ID (format: G-XXXXXXXXXX) -panelbear_analytics: # panelbear analytics site ID (format: XXXXXXXXX) - -google_site_verification: # your google-site-verification ID (Google Search Console) -bing_site_verification: # out your bing-site-verification ID (Bing Webmaster) - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Blog -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -blog_name: # blog_name will be displayed in your blog page -blog_nav_title: Blog # your blog must have a title for it to be displayed in the nav bar -blog_description: -permalink: /blog/:year/:title/ - -# Pagination -pagination: - enabled: true - -# Comments -disqus_shortname: https-hychiang-info # put your disqus shortname -# https://help.disqus.com/en/articles/1717111-what-s-a-shortname - -# External sources. -# If you have blog posts published on medium.com or other exteranl sources, -# you can display them in your blog by adding a link to the RSS feed. -# external_sources: - # - name: medium.com - # rss_url: https://medium.com/@al-folio/feed - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Collections -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -collections: - news: - defaults: - layout: post - output: true - permalink: /news/:path/ - projects: - output: true - permalink: /projects/:path/ - -news_scrollable: false # adds a vertical scroll bar if there are more than 3 news items -news_limit: 5 # leave blank to include all the news in the `_news` folder - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll settings -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -# Markdown and syntax highlight -markdown: kramdown -highlighter: rouge -kramdown: - input: GFM - syntax_highlighter_opts: - css_class: 'highlight' - span: - line_numbers: false - block: - line_numbers: false - start_line: 1 - -# Includes & excludes -include: ['_pages'] -exclude: - - bin - - Gemfile - - Gemfile.lock - - vendor -keep_files: - - CNAME - - .nojekyll - - .git - -# Plug-ins -plugins: - - jekyll-archives - - jekyll-diagrams - - jekyll-email-protect - - jekyll-feed - - jekyll-imagemagick - - jekyll-minifier - - jekyll-paginate-v2 - - jekyll/scholar - - jekyll-sitemap - - jekyll-link-attributes - - jekyll-twitter-plugin - - jemoji - -# Sitemap settings -defaults: - - scope: - path: "assets/**/*.*" - values: - sitemap: false - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll Minifier -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -jekyll-minifier: - exclude: ['robots.txt'] - uglifier_args: - harmony: true - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll Archives -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -jekyll-archives: - enabled: [year, tags, categories] # enables year, tag and category archives (remove if you need to disable one of them). - layouts: - year: archive-year - tag: archive-tag - category: archive-category - permalinks: - year: '/blog/:year/' - tag: '/blog/tag/:name/' - category: '/blog/category/:name/' - -display_tags: ['blog', 'linux', 'nvidia', 'docker', 'coding'] # this tags will be dispalyed on the front page of your blog - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll Scholar -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -scholar: - - last_name: Chiang - first_name: [Hungyueh, Hung-Yueh, Hung Yueh, HungYueh] - style: apa - locale: en - - source: /_bibliography/ - bibliography: papers.bib - bibliography_template: bib - # Note: if you have latex math in your bibtex, the latex filter - # preprocessing may conflict with MathJAX if the latter is enabled. - # See https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio/issues/357. - bibtex_filters: [latex, smallcaps, superscript] - - replace_strings: true - join_strings: true - - details_dir: bibliography - details_layout: bibtex.html - details_link: Details - - query: "@*" - -# Filter out certain bibtex entry keywords used internally from the bib output -filtered_bibtex_keywords: [abbr, abstract, arxiv, bibtex_show, html, pdf, selected, supp, blog, code, poster, slides, website, preview, altmetric, video, venue_type, venue_url, accepted_type] - -# Maximum number of authors to be shown for each publication (more authors are visible on click) -max_author_limit: 5 # leave blank to always show all authors -more_authors_animation_delay: 10 # more authors are revealed on click using animation; smaller delay means faster animation - - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll Link Attributes -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -# These are the defaults -external_links: - enabled: true - rel: external nofollow noopener - target: _blank - exclude: - - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Responsive WebP Images -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -imagemagick: - enabled: true # enables responsive images for your site (recomended, see https://github.com/alshedivat/al-folio/issues/537) - widths: - - 480 - - 800 - - 1400 - input_directories: - - assets/img/ - input_formats: - - ".jpg" - - ".jpeg" - - ".png" - - ".tiff" - output_formats: - webp: "-resize 800x" - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Jekyll Diagrams -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -jekyll-diagrams: - # configuration, see https://github.com/zhustec/jekyll-diagrams. - # feel free to comment out this section if not using jekyll diagrams. - - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Optional Features -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -enable_google_analytics: false # enables google analytics -enable_panelbear_analytics: false # enables panelbear analytics -enable_google_verification: false # enables google site verification -enable_bing_verification: false # enables bing site verification -enable_masonry: true # enables automatic project cards arangement -enable_math: true # enables math typesetting (uses MathJax) -enable_tooltips: false # enables automatic tooltip links generated - # for each section titles on pages and posts -enable_darkmode: false # enables switching between light/dark modes -enable_navbar_social: false # enables displaying social links in the - # navbar on the about page -enable_project_categories: true # enables categorization of projects into - # multiple categories -enable_medium_zoom: true # enables image zoom feature (as on medium.com) -enable_progressbar: true # enables a horizontal progress bar linked to the vertical scroll position - -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -# Library versions -# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -academicons: - version: "1.9.1" - integrity: "sha256-i1+4qU2G2860dGGIOJscdC30s9beBXjFfzjWLjBRsBg=" -bootstrap: - version: "4.6.1" - integrity: - css: "sha256-DF7Zhf293AJxJNTmh5zhoYYIMs2oXitRfBjY+9L//AY=" - js: "sha256-fgLAgv7fyCGopR/gBNq2iW3ZKIdqIcyshnUULC4vex8=" -fontawesome: - version: "5.15.4" - integrity: "sha256-mUZM63G8m73Mcidfrv5E+Y61y7a12O5mW4ezU3bxqW4=" -jquery: - version: "3.6.0" - integrity: "sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4=" -mathjax: - version: "3.2.0" -masonry: - version: "4.2.2" - integrity: "sha256-Nn1q/fx0H7SNLZMQ5Hw5JLaTRZp0yILA/FRexe19VdI=" -mdb: - version: "4.20.0" - integrity: - css: "sha256-jpjYvU3G3N6nrrBwXJoVEYI/0zw8htfFnhT9ljN3JJw=" - js: "sha256-NdbiivsvWt7VYCt6hYNT3h/th9vSTL4EDWeGs5SN3DA=" -medium_zoom: - version: "1.0.6" - integrity: "sha256-EdPgYcPk/IIrw7FYeuJQexva49pVRZNmt3LculEr7zM=" diff --git a/_data/coauthors.yml b/_data/coauthors.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 5b6f20f79a15..000000000000 --- a/_data/coauthors.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,24 +0,0 @@ -"Marculescu": - - firstname: ["Diana"] - url: http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~dianam/ -"Yang": -- firstname: ["Yuedong"] - url: https://radum.ece.utexas.edu/lab-member/yuedong-yang/ -"Frumkin": -- firstname: ["Natalia"] - url: https://www.nfrumkin.com/ -"Chang": -- firstname: ["Chi-Chih"] - url: https://github.com/shadowpa0327 -"Liang": -- firstname: ["Feng"] - url: https://jeff-liangf.github.io/ -"Hsu": - - firstname: ["Winston H", "Winston"] - url: https://winstonhsu.info/ -"Wu": - - firstname: ["Kai-Chiang"] - url: https://people.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~kcw/ -"Liu": - - firstname: ["Yueh-Cheng"] - url: https://liu115.github.io/ diff --git a/_data/cv.yml b/_data/cv.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 5b1157240e07..000000000000 --- a/_data/cv.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ -- title: General Information - type: map - contents: - - name: Full Name - value: Albert Einstein - - name: Date of Birth - value: 14th March 1879 - - name: Languages - value: English, German - -- title: Education - type: time_table - contents: - - title: PhD - institution: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland - year: 1905 - description: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - - title: Description 3. - contents: - - Sub-description 1. - - Sub-description 2. - - title: Federal teaching diploma - institution: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland - year: 1900 - description: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - -- title: Experience - type: time_table - contents: - - title: Professor of Theoretical Physics - institution: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University - year: 1933 - 1955 - description: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - - title: Description 3. - contents: - - Sub-description 1. - - Sub-description 2. - - title: Visiting Professor - institution: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, US - year: 1933 - description: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - - - title: Director - institution: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, Berlin, Germany. - year: 1917-1933 - - - title: Professor of Theoretical Physics - institution: Karl-Ferdinand University, Prague, Czechoslovakia - year: 1911 - 1917 - description: - - - title: Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics - institution: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland - year: 1909 - 1911 - -- title: Open Source Projects - type: time_table - contents: - - title: al-folio - year: 2015-now - description: A beautiful, simple, clean, and responsive Jekyll theme for academics. - -- title: Honors and Awards - type: time_table - contents: - - year: 1921 - items: - - Nobel Prize in Physics - - Matteucci Medal - - year: 2029 - items: - - Max Planck Medal - -- title: Academic Interests - type: nested_list - contents: - - title: Topic 1. - items: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - - title: Topic 2. - items: - - Description 1. - - Description 2. - -- title: Other Interests - type: list - contents: - - Hobbies: Hobby 1, Hobby 2, etc. diff --git a/_data/repositories.yml b/_data/repositories.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 5205c9f6f7e9..000000000000 --- a/_data/repositories.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -github_users: - - torvalds - - alshedivat - -github_repos: - - alshedivat/al-folio - - twbs/bootstrap - - jekyll/jekyll - - jquery/jquery - - FortAwesome/Font-Awesome - - jpswalsh/academicons - - mathjax/MathJax diff --git a/_data/venues.yml b/_data/venues.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 458d3e02026f..000000000000 --- a/_data/venues.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -"ICLR": - # url: https://nips.cc/Conferences/2023 - color: "#00369f" - -"CVPR": - # url: https://nips.cc/Conferences/2023 - color: "#00369f" - -"NeurIPS": - # url: https://nips.cc/Conferences/2023 - color: "#00369f" - -"AAAI": - # url: https://aaai.org/Conferences/AAAI-23/ - color: "#00369f" - -"ICCV": - # url: https://lpcv.ai/2021ICCV/program - color: "#00369f" - -"3DV": - # url: https://journals.aps.org/ - color: "#00369f" - -# "arXiv": -# # url: https://journals.aps.org/ -# color: "#00369f" diff --git a/_includes/cv/list.html b/_includes/cv/list.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7562585916d3..000000000000 --- a/_includes/cv/list.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/cv/map.html b/_includes/cv/map.html deleted file mode 100644 index e0d1983ef0ee..000000000000 --- a/_includes/cv/map.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ - - {% for content in entry.contents %} - - - - - {% endfor %} -
{{ content.name }}{{ content.value }}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/cv/nested_list.html b/_includes/cv/nested_list.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4778aca07ff1..000000000000 --- a/_includes/cv/nested_list.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/cv/time_table.html b/_includes/cv/time_table.html deleted file mode 100644 index 123b9d099fde..000000000000 --- a/_includes/cv/time_table.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/education.html b/_includes/education.html deleted file mode 100644 index 606f2b8fa4ad..000000000000 --- a/_includes/education.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -
-

Education


-
- - - - The University of Texas at Austin
- Sep. 2021 - Current
- Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering

-
-
- - - - National Taiwan University
- Sep. 2016 - Sep. 2018
- M.S. in computer science

-
-
- - - - ETH Zürich
- Jan. 2015 - Sep. 2015
- Exchange student

-
-
- - - - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
- (National Chiao Tung University)
- Sep. 2011 - Sep. 2015
- B.S. in computer science

-
-
diff --git a/_includes/figure.html b/_includes/figure.html deleted file mode 100644 index e67e8043f6c4..000000000000 --- a/_includes/figure.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -{%- assign img_path = include.path | remove: ".jpg" | remove: ".jpeg" | remove: ".png" | remove: ".tiff" -%} - -
- - - {% if site.imagemagick.enabled %} - {% for i in site.imagemagick.widths -%} - - {% endfor -%} - {% endif %} - - - - - - - {%- if include.caption -%}
{{ include.caption }}
{%- endif %} - -
diff --git a/_includes/footer.html b/_includes/footer.html deleted file mode 100644 index a7ec68d44f34..000000000000 --- a/_includes/footer.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ - {% if site.footer_fixed %} - - {%- else -%} - - {%- endif %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/gif.html b/_includes/gif.html deleted file mode 100644 index 67b5bf021f17..000000000000 --- a/_includes/gif.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -{%- assign img_path = include.path | remove: ".gif" -%} - -
- - - - - - - - {%- if include.caption -%}
{{ include.caption }}
{%- endif %} - -
diff --git a/_includes/head.html b/_includes/head.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3796eb38ea6c..000000000000 --- a/_includes/head.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ - - {% include metadata.html %} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - {% if site.icon.size < 3 %} - - {% elsif site.icon != blank %} - - {% endif %} - - - - - {% if site.enable_darkmode %} - - - - - {% endif %} diff --git a/_includes/header.html b/_includes/header.html deleted file mode 100644 index 79779f6a44ff..000000000000 --- a/_includes/header.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,119 +0,0 @@ - -
- - - -{% if site.enable_progressbar %} - - -
- -
- -{%- endif %} -
diff --git a/_includes/metadata.html b/_includes/metadata.html deleted file mode 100644 index a404ca97aa96..000000000000 --- a/_includes/metadata.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,200 +0,0 @@ -{% if site.enable_google_verification or site.enable_bing_verification %} - - {% if site.enable_google_verification -%} - - {%- endif -%} - {% if site.enable_bing_verification -%} - - {%- endif -%} -{%- endif %} - - - - - - - {%- if site.title == "blank" -%} - {%- capture title -%}{{ site.first_name }} {{ site.middle_name }} {{ site.last_name }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- else -%} - {%- capture title -%}{{ site.title }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- endif -%} - {% if page.url == '/blog/index.html' %} - {{ site.blog_nav_title }} | {{ title }} - {%- elsif page.title != "blank" and page.url != "/" -%} - {%- if page.title == nil or page.title == "" -%} - {{ page.date | date: "%Y" }} | {{ title }} - {%- else -%} - {{ page.title }} | {{ title }} - {%- endif -%} - {%- else -%} - {{ title }} - {%- endif -%} - - - -{%- if page.keywords or site.keywords %} - -{%- endif %} - -{%- if site.serve_og_meta %} - - - - - - - - {% if page.og_image or site.og_image -%} - - {%- endif %} - - - - - - - {% if page.og_image or site.og_image -%} - - {%- endif %} - {% if site.twitter_username -%} - - - {%- endif %} -{%- endif %} - -{%- if site.serve_schema_org %} - - - {%- comment -%} Social links generator for "sameAs schema" {%- endcomment %} - {% assign sameaslinks = "" | split: "," %} - {%- if site.orcid_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://orcid.org/{{ site.orcid_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.scholar_userid -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://scholar.google.com/citations?user={{ site.scholar_userid }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.semanticscholar_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/{{ site.semanticscholar_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.publons_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://publons.com/a/{{ site.publons_id }}/{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.research_gate_profile -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.researchgate.net/profile/{{site.research_gate_profile}}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.github_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://github.com/{{ site.github_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.telegram_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://telegram.me/{{ site.telegram_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.linkedin_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.linkedin.com/in/{{ site.linkedin_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.twitter_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://twitter.com/{{ site.twitter_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.medium_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://medium.com/@{{ site.medium_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.quora_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.quora.com/profile/{{ site.quora_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.blogger_url -%} - {%- capture link -%}{{ site.blogger_url }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.work_url -%} - {%- capture link -%}{{ site.work_url }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.wikidata_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/{{ site.wikidata_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.strava_userid -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.strava.com/athletes/{{ site.strava_userid }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.keybase_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://keybase.io/{{ site.keybase_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.gitlab_username -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://gitlab.com/{{ site.gitlab_username }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.dblp_url -%} - {%- capture link -%}{{ site.dblp_url }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.stackoverflow_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://stackoverflow.com/users/{{ site.stackoverflow_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.kaggle_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.kaggle.com/{{ site.kaggle_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.lastfm_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.last.fm/user/{{ site.lastfm_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.spotify_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://open.spotify.com/user/{{ site.spotify_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.pinterest_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://www.pinterest.com/{{ site.pinterest_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.unsplash_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://unsplash.com/@{{ site.unsplash_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.instagram_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://instagram.com/{{ site.instagram_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.facebook_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://facebook.com/{{ site.facebook_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.discord_id -%} - {%- capture link -%}https://discord.com/users/{{ site.discord_id }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | push: link -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if sameaslinks != blank -%} - {%- assign sameaslinks = sameaslinks | split: "" -%} - {%- endif -%} - - -{%- endif %} diff --git a/_includes/misc.html b/_includes/misc.html deleted file mode 100644 index a6836bbc5cf8..000000000000 --- a/_includes/misc.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ - -
-

Miscellaneous

- -
-

CV of failures

- Life can be tough. We fail all the time, but failures pave the way to success. - I am working on my CV of failures. Stay tuned... -
-
-

Pro bono office hours

- I've committed to set aside 1 hour every week to provide mentorship and/or guidance for whoever is in need. If you find my research, work, oversea and/or life experience useful, welcoming to fill in this form. - For feedback, questions, and/or random messages, please use this link. -
diff --git a/_includes/news.html b/_includes/news.html deleted file mode 100644 index bd65b6233177..000000000000 --- a/_includes/news.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ - -
-

News

- {% if site.news != blank -%} - {%- assign news_size = site.news | size -%} -
3 %}style="max-height: 10vw"{% endif %}> - - {%- assign news = site.news | reverse -%} - {% for item in news limit: news_size %} - {% if item.top %} - - - - - {% endif %} - {%- endfor %} - {% if site.news_limit %} - {% assign news_limit = site.news_limit %} - {% else %} - {% assign news_limit = news_size %} - {% endif %} - {% for item in news limit: news_limit %} - {% if item.top == blank || item.top == false %} - - - - - {% endif %} - {%- endfor %} -
{{ item.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }} - {% if item.inline -%} - {{ item.content | remove: '

' | remove: '

' | emojify }} - {%- else -%} - {{ item.title }} - {%- endif %} -
{{ item.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }} - {% if item.inline -%} - {{ item.content | remove: '

' | remove: '

' | emojify }} - {%- else -%} - {{ item.title }} - {%- endif %} -
-
- {%- else -%} -

No news so far...

- {%- endif %} -
diff --git a/_includes/pagination.html b/_includes/pagination.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8d27e3aee1..000000000000 --- a/_includes/pagination.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ -{%- if paginator.total_pages > 1 -%} - -{%- endif -%} diff --git a/_includes/projects.html b/_includes/projects.html deleted file mode 100644 index a0a1b0339beb..000000000000 --- a/_includes/projects.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ - -
-
- {% if project.redirect -%} - - {%- else -%} - - {%- endif %} -
- {%- if project.img %} - {%- include figure.html - path=project.img - alt="project thumbnail" -%} - {%- endif %} -
-

{{ project.title }}

-

{{ project.description }}

-
- {%- if project.github -%} -
-
- -
- {%- if project.github_stars -%} - - - - - {%- endif %} -
- {%- endif %} -
-
-
- -
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_includes/projects_horizontal.html b/_includes/projects_horizontal.html deleted file mode 100644 index 8d43e64da6c9..000000000000 --- a/_includes/projects_horizontal.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -
- {%- if project.redirect -%} - - {%- else -%} - - {%- endif -%} -
-
- {%- if project.img -%} -
- {% include figure.html path=project.img alt="project thumbnail" %} -
-
- {%- else -%} -
- {%- endif -%} -
-

{{ project.title }}

-

{{ project.description }}

-
- {%- if project.github -%} -
-
- -
- {%- if project.github_stars -%} - - - - - {%- endif -%} -
- {%- endif -%} -
-
-
-
-
- -
diff --git a/_includes/repository/repo.html b/_includes/repository/repo.html deleted file mode 100644 index 6344b860b420..000000000000 --- a/_includes/repository/repo.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -{% assign repo_url = include.repository | split: '/' %} - -{% if site.data.repositories.github_users contains repo_url.first %} - {% assign show_owner = false %} -{% else %} - {% assign show_owner = true %} -{% endif %} - -
- - {{ include.repository }} - {{ include.repository }} - -
diff --git a/_includes/repository/repo_user.html b/_includes/repository/repo_user.html deleted file mode 100644 index ae06a058fccc..000000000000 --- a/_includes/repository/repo_user.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -
- - {{ include.username }} - {{ include.username }} - -
diff --git a/_includes/scripts/analytics.html b/_includes/scripts/analytics.html deleted file mode 100644 index db2aeef96cd0..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/analytics.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -{%- if site.enable_google_analytics -%} - - - -{%- endif -%} -{%- if site.enable_panelbear_analytics -%} - - - -{%- endif -%} diff --git a/_includes/scripts/bootstrap.html b/_includes/scripts/bootstrap.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1c213650a841..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/bootstrap.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ - - - diff --git a/_includes/scripts/jquery.html b/_includes/scripts/jquery.html deleted file mode 100644 index f84a2f22d5b6..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/jquery.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ - - diff --git a/_includes/scripts/masonry.html b/_includes/scripts/masonry.html deleted file mode 100644 index 804389d31ad3..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/masonry.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ - {%- if site.enable_masonry -%} - - - - - {%- endif -%} diff --git a/_includes/scripts/mathjax.html b/_includes/scripts/mathjax.html deleted file mode 100644 index f919799fec34..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/mathjax.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ - {%- if site.enable_math -%} - - - - - {%- endif %} diff --git a/_includes/scripts/misc.html b/_includes/scripts/misc.html deleted file mode 100644 index 08ba49f03517..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/misc.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -{% if site.enable_tooltips %} - - -{%- endif %} -{%- if site.enable_medium_zoom %} - - - -{%- endif -%} - - - diff --git a/_includes/scripts/progressBar.html b/_includes/scripts/progressBar.html deleted file mode 100644 index 88bb73cd35e4..000000000000 --- a/_includes/scripts/progressBar.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ -{% if site.enable_progressbar %} - - - - -{%- endif %} diff --git a/_includes/selected_papers.html b/_includes/selected_papers.html deleted file mode 100644 index 67ae1f8dc53e..000000000000 --- a/_includes/selected_papers.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - -
-

Selected publications

- {% bibliography -f papers -q @*[selected=true]* %} -
diff --git a/_includes/social.html b/_includes/social.html deleted file mode 100644 index 23c0d38856c0..000000000000 --- a/_includes/social.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,93 +0,0 @@ - {%- if site.email -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.telegram_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.whatsapp_number -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.orcid_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.scholar_userid -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.semanticscholar_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.publons_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.research_gate_profile -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.github_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.linkedin_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.twitter_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.mastodon_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.medium_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.quora_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.blogger_url -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.work_url -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.wikidata_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.strava_userid -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.keybase_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.gitlab_username -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.dblp_url -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.stackoverflow_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.kaggle_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.lastfm_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.spotify_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.pinterest_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.unsplash_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.instagram_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.facebook_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.discord_id -%} - - {% endif %} - {%- if site.rss_icon -%} - - {% endif %} diff --git a/_includes/work_experience.html b/_includes/work_experience.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1afb9402bf74..000000000000 --- a/_includes/work_experience.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ - -
-

Work experience


-
- - - - Rivian - Software Engineering Intern (Deep Learning)
- May 2023 - Aug. 2023
- Neural architecture search for object detection
-
-
- - - - Amazon - Research Scientist Intern
- May 2022 - Nov. 2022
- Image synthesis and generation for shoe virtual try-on
-
-
- - - - XYZ Robotics - Deep Learning Engineer
- Jun. 2019 - May 2021
- Image segmentation and object detection for logistics robots
-
-
diff --git a/_layouts/about.html b/_layouts/about.html deleted file mode 100644 index 44184363f6cf..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/about.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - - -
-
-
- -

-

- {{ site.first_name }} {{ site.middle_name }} {{ site.last_name }} -
- {{ site.chinese_name }} -

-

{{ page.subtitle }}

- -

-
-
-
- -
-

About me

-
- {{ content }} -
-
- {% if page.news -%} - - {%- include news.html %} - {%- endif %} -
- {% if page.education -%} - - {%- include education.html %} - {%- endif %} -
- {% if page.work_experience -%} - - {%- include work_experience.html %} - {%- endif %} - {% if page.selected_papers -%} - - {%- include selected_papers.html %} - {%- endif %} -
- {% if page.misc -%} - - {%- include misc.html %} - {%- endif %} -
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/archive-category.html b/_layouts/archive-category.html deleted file mode 100644 index 79aad74f923e..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/archive-category.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - -
- -
-

{{ page.title }}

-

an archive of posts in this category

-
- -
-
- - {% for post in page.posts %} - - - - - {% endfor %} -
{{ post.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }} - {{ post.title }} -
-
-
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/archive-tag.html b/_layouts/archive-tag.html deleted file mode 100644 index 66abaebb7380..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/archive-tag.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - -
- -
-

{{ page.title }}

-

an archive of posts with this tag

-
- -
-
- - {% for post in page.posts %} - - - - - {% endfor %} -
{{ post.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }} - {{ post.title }} -
-
-
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/archive-year.html b/_layouts/archive-year.html deleted file mode 100644 index 8af1d29b2ddd..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/archive-year.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - -
- -
-

{{ page.date | date: "%Y" }}

-

an archive of posts from this year

-
- -
-
- - {% for post in page.posts %} - - - - - {% endfor %} -
{{ post.date | date: "%b %-d, %Y" }} - {{ post.title }} -
-
-
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/bib.html b/_layouts/bib.html deleted file mode 100644 index e3f70c1c0d88..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/bib.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,216 +0,0 @@ ---- ---- - -
-
- - {%- if entry.preview -%} - {% if entry.preview contains '://' -%} - - {%- else -%} - - {%- endif -%} - {%- endif -%} - -
- - - -
-
- {{entry.venue_type}} - {%- if entry.accepted_type -%} - - {{entry.accepted_type}} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if site.data.venues[entry.abbr] -%} - {%- assign venue_style = nil -%} - {%- if site.data.venues[entry.abbr].color != blank -%} - {%- assign venue_style = site.data.venues[entry.abbr].color | prepend: 'style="background-color:' | append: '; margin-left:0.1rem; margin-right:0.1rem "' -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if entry.abbr -%} - - {{entry.abbr}} - {%- endif -%} -
- {% if entry.type == "thesis" -%} - {{reference}} - {%- else %} - -
{{entry.title}}
- -
- {% assign author_array_size = entry.author_array | size %} - - {% assign author_array_limit = author_array_size %} - {%- if site.max_author_limit and author_array_size > site.max_author_limit %} - {% assign author_array_limit = site.max_author_limit %} - {% endif %} - - {%- for author in entry.author_array limit: author_array_limit -%} - {%- assign author_is_self = false -%} - {%- assign author_last_name = author.last | remove: "¶" | remove: "&" | remove: "*" | remove: "†" | remove: "^" -%} - {%- if site.scholar.last_name contains author_last_name -%} - {%- if site.scholar.first_name contains author.first -%} - {%- assign author_is_self = true -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- assign coauthor_url = nil -%} - {%- if site.data.coauthors[author_last_name] -%} - {%- for coauthor in site.data.coauthors[author_last_name] -%} - {%- if coauthor.firstname contains author.first -%} - {%- assign coauthor_url = coauthor.url -%} - {%- break -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- endfor -%} - {%- endif -%} - - {%- if forloop.length > 1 -%} - {%- if forloop.first == false -%}, {%- endif -%} - {%- if forloop.last and author_array_limit == author_array_size -%}and {%- endif -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if author_is_self -%} - {{author.first}} {{author.last}} - {%- else -%} - {%- if coauthor_url -%} - {{author.first}} {{author.last}} - {%- else -%} - {{author.first}} {{author.last}} - {%- endif -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- endfor -%} - {%- assign more_authors = author_array_size | minus: author_array_limit -%} - - {%- assign more_authors_hide = more_authors | append: " more author" -%} - {%- if more_authors > 0 -%} - {%- if more_authors > 1 -%} - {%- assign more_authors_hide = more_authors_hide | append: "s" -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- assign more_authors_show = '' -%} - {%- for author in entry.author_array offset: author_array_limit -%} - {%- assign more_authors_show = more_authors_show | append: author.first | append: " " | append: author.last -%} - {%- unless forloop.last -%} - {%- assign more_authors_show = more_authors_show | append: ", " -%} - {%- endunless -%} - {%- endfor -%} - , and - {{more_authors_hide}} - {%- endif -%} - -
- - - {% assign proceedings = "inproceedings, incollection" | split: ','%} - {% if entry.type == "article" -%} - {%- capture entrytype -%}{{entry.journal}}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- elsif proceedings contains entry.type -%} - {%- capture entrytype -%}In {{entry.booktitle}} {%- endcapture -%} - {%- else -%} - {%- capture entrytype -%}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if entry.month -%} - {%- capture entrymonth -%}{{ " " }}{{ entry.month | capitalize }}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- if entry.year -%} - {%- capture entryyear -%}{{ " " }}{{entry.year}}{%- endcapture -%} - {%- endif -%} - {%- capture periodical -%}{{ entrytype }}{{ entrymonth }}{{ entryyear }}{%- endcapture -%} -
- {{ periodical | strip }} -
- {%- endif %} - - -
- {%- if entry.abstract %} - Abs - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.arxiv %} - arXiv - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.bibtex_show %} - Bib - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.html %} - HTML - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.pdf %} - {% if entry.pdf contains '://' -%} - PDF - {%- else -%} - PDF - {%- endif %} - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.supp %} - {% if entry.supp contains '://' -%} - Supp - {%- else -%} - Supp - {%- endif %} - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.blog %} - Blog - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.code %} - Code - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.poster %} - {% if entry.poster contains '://' -%} - Poster - {%- else -%} - Poster - {%- endif %} - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.slides %} - {% if entry.slides contains '://' -%} - Slides - {%- else -%} - Slides - {%- endif %} - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.video %} - {% if entry.video contains '://' -%} - Video - {%- else -%} - Video - {%- endif %} - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.website %} - Website - {%- endif %} - {%- if entry.altmetric %} -
- {%- endif %} -
- - {% if entry.abstract -%} - - - {%- endif -%} - - {% if entry.bibtex_show -%} - - - {%- endif %} -
-
diff --git a/_layouts/cv.html b/_layouts/cv.html deleted file mode 100644 index bb3d85af4f6b..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/cv.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - -
- -
-

{{ page.title }} {% if page.cv_pdf %}{% endif %}

-

{{ page.description }}

-
- -
-
- {% for entry in site.data.cv %} -
-

{{ entry.title }}

-
- {% if entry.type == "list" %} - {% include cv/list.html %} - {% elsif entry.type == "map" %} - {% include cv/map.html %} - {% elsif entry.type == "nested_list" %} - {% include cv/nested_list.html %} - {% elsif entry.type == "time_table" %} - {% include cv/time_table.html %} - {% else %} - {{ entry.contents }} - {% endif %} -
-
- {% endfor %} -
-
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/default.html b/_layouts/default.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2887107cc95f..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/default.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - {%- if page.redirect -%} - - {%- endif -%} - {% include head.html %} - - - - - - - {%- include header.html %} - - -
- {{ content }} -
- - - {%- include footer.html %} - - - {% include scripts/jquery.html %} - {% include scripts/bootstrap.html %} - {% include scripts/masonry.html %} - {% include scripts/misc.html %} - {% include scripts/mathjax.html %} - {% include scripts/analytics.html %} - {% include scripts/progressBar.html %} - - diff --git a/_layouts/distill.html b/_layouts/distill.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3528985c28f2..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/distill.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,124 +0,0 @@ - - - - - {%- include head.html %} - - {% include scripts/jquery.html %} - {% include scripts/mathjax.html %} - - - - - {% if page._styles %} - - - {%- endif %} - - - - - - - - - - {%- include header.html %} - - -
- - -

{{ page.title }}

-

{{ page.description }}

- - - - - - {% if page.toc -%} - - - - {%- endif %} - - {{ content }} - - - - - - - - - - {%- if site.disqus_shortname and page.comments -%} -
- - - {%- endif %} -
- - - {%- include footer.html %} - - {% include scripts/bootstrap.html %} - {% include scripts/analytics.html %} - {% include scripts/progressBar.html %} - - diff --git a/_layouts/none.html b/_layouts/none.html deleted file mode 100644 index b92f6522338a..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/none.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -{{content}} diff --git a/_layouts/page.html b/_layouts/page.html deleted file mode 100644 index 64895ef03e07..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/page.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - - -
- -
-

{{ page.full_title }}

- - -
- -
- {{ content }} -
- -
diff --git a/_layouts/post.html b/_layouts/post.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3acc9afd7d8a..000000000000 --- a/_layouts/post.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,61 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: default ---- - -{%- assign year = page.date | date: "%Y" -%} -{%- assign tags = page.tags | join: "" -%} -{%- assign categories = page.categories | join: "" -%} - -{% if page._styles %} - - -{% endif %} - -
- -
-

{{ page.title }}

-

{{ page.date | date: "%B %-d, %Y" }}{%- if page.author -%} • {{ page.author }}{%- endif -%}{%- if page.meta -%} • {{ page.meta }}{%- endif -%}

-

- {{ year }} - {%- if tags != "" %} -   ·   - {% for tag in page.tags -%} - - {{ tag }}   - {% endfor -%} - {% endif %} - - {%- if categories != "" %} -   ·   - {% for category in page.categories -%} - - {{ category }}   - {% endfor -%} - {% endif %} - -

-
- -
- {{ content }} -
- - {%- if site.disqus_shortname and page.comments -%} -
- - - {%- endif %} - -
diff --git a/_news/20210313_fellowship.md b/_news/20210313_fellowship.md deleted file mode 100644 index 312e6af74669..000000000000 --- a/_news/20210313_fellowship.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2021-3-13 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Fellowship**
-Granted Engineering Fellowship from The University of Texas at Austin Graduate School diff --git a/_news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas.md b/_news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas.md deleted file mode 100644 index 746db0ce6877..000000000000 --- a/_news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2021-8-5 18:00:00-0400 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-FOX-NAS: Fast, On-device and Explainable Neural Architecture Search is accepted by Low-Power Computer Vision Workshop (LPCV) in ICCV 2021. diff --git a/_news/20220109_amazon_internship.md b/_news/20220109_amazon_internship.md deleted file mode 100644 index 14c4591e4b32..000000000000 --- a/_news/20220109_amazon_internship.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-01-09 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Internship**
-offered to join Amazon as an Applied Scientist Intern in 2022 summer diff --git a/_news/20220520_paper_submission.md b/_news/20220520_paper_submission.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4e2a92842c68..000000000000 --- a/_news/20220520_paper_submission.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-05-20 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Submission**
-one paper submitted to NeurIPS 2022 and ICML 2022 Workshop diff --git a/_news/20220523_amazon_internship.md b/_news/20220523_amazon_internship.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8ea939a1eed..000000000000 --- a/_news/20220523_amazon_internship.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-05-23 -inline: true ---- -:briefcase: **Internship**
-starting working at Amazon as an Applied Scientist Intern diff --git a/_news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted.md b/_news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted.md deleted file mode 100644 index e71b14c24d2d..000000000000 --- a/_news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-06-13 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-Our paper: *MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks* has been accepted in ICML 2022 Hardware Aware Efficient Training (HAET) Workshop \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_news/20220820_paper_submission.md b/_news/20220820_paper_submission.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e1c8a64325d..000000000000 --- a/_news/20220820_paper_submission.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-08-20 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Submission**
-one paper submitted to AAAI 2023 diff --git a/_news/20221013_amazon_amlc.md b/_news/20221013_amazon_amlc.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ac6e9c6e0fb..000000000000 --- a/_news/20221013_amazon_amlc.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-10-13 -inline: true ---- -:briefcase: **Internship**
-Intern project: *Diffusion Model for Virtual Try-on* has been accepted in Amazon Machine Learning Conference (AMLC). diff --git a/_news/20221119_aaai_accepted.md b/_news/20221119_aaai_accepted.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2a629e0d0ca1..000000000000 --- a/_news/20221119_aaai_accepted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-11-19 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-Our paper: *MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks* has been accepted in AAAI 2023. diff --git a/_news/20221206_qif_submit.md b/_news/20221206_qif_submit.md deleted file mode 100644 index 38b9b9f4e351..000000000000 --- a/_news/20221206_qif_submit.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-12-06 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Proposal Submission**
-We submit two proposals to Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (QIF) 2023. diff --git a/_news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released.md b/_news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8521d80b7ba5..000000000000 --- a/_news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2022-12-08 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Released**
-Our AAAI 2023 paper: *MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks* is released on [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03246). diff --git a/_news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral.md b/_news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9831e67632c7..000000000000 --- a/_news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2023-01-10 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Update**
-Our work, *[MobileTL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03246)*, is accepted as an oral paper in AAAI 2023. diff --git a/_news/20230408_mobiletl_update.md b/_news/20230408_mobiletl_update.md deleted file mode 100644 index ab92edc5db70..000000000000 --- a/_news/20230408_mobiletl_update.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2023-04-08 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Update**
-We are unable to release the implementation because of patent filing for *[MobileTL](https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03246)*. Welcome to email me if you have any questions about reproducing the experiments. diff --git a/_news/20230412_rivian_internship.md b/_news/20230412_rivian_internship.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7542cc84a6b1..000000000000 --- a/_news/20230412_rivian_internship.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2023-04-12 -inline: true ---- -:briefcase: **Internship**
-I will join Rivian as a software engineering intern in 2023 summer. diff --git a/_news/20231011_neurips.md b/_news/20231011_neurips.md deleted file mode 100644 index f614170cb842..000000000000 --- a/_news/20231011_neurips.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2023-10-11 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-Our paper: *[Efficient Low-rank Backpropagation for -Vision Transformer Adaptation](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.15275v1.pdf)* has been accepted in NeurIPS 2023. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist.md b/_news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb649c45c315..000000000000 --- a/_news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2024-02-08 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Fellowship Finallist**
-Advance to the Finals of the 2024 Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (North America). diff --git a/_news/20240305_iclrw_accepted.md b/_news/20240305_iclrw_accepted.md deleted file mode 100644 index 053e654adba0..000000000000 --- a/_news/20240305_iclrw_accepted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2024-03-05 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-Our paper: *SCAN-Edge: Finding MobileNet-speed Hybrid Networks for Commodity Edge Devices* has been accepted in ICLR 2024 PML4LRS Workshop. diff --git a/_news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw.md b/_news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8bdc6d56f79..000000000000 --- a/_news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2024-05-14 -inline: true ---- -:tada: **Paper Accepted**
-Our paper: *Cache and Reuse: Rethinking the Efficiency of On-device Transfer Learning* has been accepted in CVPR 2024 Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision (ECV) Workshop. diff --git a/_news/20240630_open_for_internship.md b/_news/20240630_open_for_internship.md deleted file mode 100644 index aaff753536a2..000000000000 --- a/_news/20240630_open_for_internship.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2024-06-30 -inline: true -top: true ---- -:briefcase: **I am open to research scientist internship positions for 2025 spring/summer/fall.**
-Topics: Efficient Machine Learning, including optimization techniques for deep learning models, diffusion models, and large language models. diff --git a/_news/20241017_quamba_paper_released.md b/_news/20241017_quamba_paper_released.md deleted file mode 100644 index 250cdb4c9bcf..000000000000 --- a/_news/20241017_quamba_paper_released.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2024-10-17 -inline: true ---- -:page_with_curl: **Paper Released**
-Our newest paper: *Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models* is released on [Arxiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.13229). diff --git a/_news/announcement_1.md b/_news/announcement_1.md deleted file mode 100644 index 98e5af5c8786..000000000000 --- a/_news/announcement_1.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2015-10-22 15:59:00-0400 -inline: true ---- - -A simple inline announcement. diff --git a/_news/announcement_2.md b/_news/announcement_2.md deleted file mode 100644 index dbd4b4d41ae6..000000000000 --- a/_news/announcement_2.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: A long announcement with details -date: 2015-11-07 16:11:00-0400 -inline: false ---- - -Announcements and news can be much longer than just quick inline posts. In fact, they can have all the features available for the standard blog posts. See below. - -*** - -Jean shorts raw denim Vice normcore, art party High Life PBR skateboard stumptown vinyl kitsch. Four loko meh 8-bit, tousled banh mi tilde forage Schlitz dreamcatcher twee 3 wolf moon. Chambray asymmetrical paleo salvia, sartorial umami four loko master cleanse drinking vinegar brunch. Pinterest DIY authentic Schlitz, hoodie Intelligentsia butcher trust fund brunch shabby chic Kickstarter forage flexitarian. Direct trade cold-pressed meggings stumptown plaid, pop-up taxidermy. Hoodie XOXO fingerstache scenester Echo Park. Plaid ugh Wes Anderson, freegan pug selvage fanny pack leggings pickled food truck DIY irony Banksy. - -#### Hipster list - - -Hoodie Thundercats retro, tote bag 8-bit Godard craft beer gastropub. Truffaut Tumblr taxidermy, raw denim Kickstarter sartorial dreamcatcher. Quinoa chambray slow-carb salvia readymade, bicycle rights 90's yr typewriter selfies letterpress cardigan vegan. - -*** - -Pug heirloom High Life vinyl swag, single-origin coffee four dollar toast taxidermy reprehenderit fap distillery master cleanse locavore. Est anim sapiente leggings Brooklyn ea. Thundercats locavore excepteur veniam eiusmod. Raw denim Truffaut Schlitz, migas sapiente Portland VHS twee Bushwick Marfa typewriter retro id keytar. - -> We do not grow absolutely, chronologically. We grow sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly. We grow partially. We are relative. We are mature in one realm, childish in another. -> —Anais Nin - -Fap aliqua qui, scenester pug Echo Park polaroid irony shabby chic ex cardigan church-key Odd Future accusamus. Blog stumptown sartorial squid, gastropub duis aesthetic Truffaut vero. Pinterest tilde twee, odio mumblecore jean shorts lumbersexual. diff --git a/_news/announcement_3.md b/_news/announcement_3.md deleted file mode 100644 index d90721915e94..000000000000 --- a/_news/announcement_3.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -date: 2016-01-15 07:59:00-0400 -inline: true ---- - -A simple inline announcement with Markdown emoji! :sparkles: :smile: diff --git a/_pages/about.md b/_pages/about.md deleted file mode 100644 index 590bd0a4b704..000000000000 --- a/_pages/about.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,34 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: about -title: About -permalink: / -# subtitle: Affiliations. Address. Contacts. Moto. Etc. -subtitle: > - [Curriculum Vitae] [Résumé]
- Ph.D. Candidate
- Affiliations: EnyAC
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
-# subtitle: > -# [Curriculum Vitae] [Résumé]
-# Affiliations: EnyAC
-# Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
-# Cockrell School Engineering
-# The University of Texas at Austin
- -profile: - align: right - image: prof_pic-medium.webp - image_circular: false # crops the image to make it circular - address: > - -social: true # includes social icons at the bottom of the page -news: true # includes a list of news items -education: true # includes a list of education -work_experience: true # includes a list of work experience -selected_papers: true # includes a list of papers marked as "selected={true}" -misc: true # includes a list of miscellaneous - ---- - -Hung-Yueh Chiang is a fourth-year Ph.D. student in [Energy-Aware Computing Group (EnyAC)](https://enyac.org/) at The University of Texas at Austin (UT) under [Prof. Diana Marculescu](https://users.ece.utexas.edu/~dianam/)'s supervision. Before joining [EnyAC](https://enyac.org/), Hung-Yueh was a deep learning engineer at [XYZ Robotics](https://www.xyzrobotics.ai/), a start-up company in Shanghai. From 2016 to 2018, Hung-Yueh worked with [Prof. Winston Hsu](https://winstonhsu.info/) on 3D point cloud learning and received his M.S. degree from National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan in 2018. He earned his B.S. degree from National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU, formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu, Taiwan in 2015. In the last semester at NYCU, he had an exchange program to ETH Zürich. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_pages/cv.md b/_pages/cv.md deleted file mode 100644 index c2b5b0249b5e..000000000000 --- a/_pages/cv.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: cv -permalink: /cv/ -title: CV -nav: false -nav_order: 4 -cv_pdf: Hung-Yueh-Chiang-CV-2023.pdf -resume_pdf: Hung-Yueh-Chiang-Resume-2023.pdf ---- diff --git a/_pages/dropdown.md b/_pages/dropdown.md deleted file mode 100644 index 421738d5001d..000000000000 --- a/_pages/dropdown.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: More -nav: false -nav_order: 6 -dropdown: false -children: - - title: publications - permalink: /publications/ - - title: divider - - title: projects - permalink: /projects/ ---- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_pages/dropdown/index.html b/_pages/dropdown/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8b5c1bbee22a --- /dev/null +++ b/_pages/dropdown/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + More | Hung-Yueh Chiang

\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_pages/projects.md b/_pages/projects.md deleted file mode 100644 index 18b14742155f..000000000000 --- a/_pages/projects.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,58 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: Projects -permalink: /projects/ -description: A growing collection of your cool projects. -nav: true -nav_order: 2 -display_categories: [research] -horizontal: false ---- - - -
-{%- if site.enable_project_categories and page.display_categories %} - - {%- for category in page.display_categories %} -

{{ category }}

- {%- assign categorized_projects = site.projects | where: "category", category -%} - {%- assign sorted_projects = categorized_projects | sort: "importance" %} - - {% if page.horizontal -%} -
-
- {%- for project in sorted_projects -%} - {% include projects_horizontal.html %} - {%- endfor %} -
-
- {%- else -%} -
- {%- for project in sorted_projects -%} - {% include projects.html %} - {%- endfor %} -
- {%- endif -%} - {% endfor %} - -{%- else -%} - - {%- assign sorted_projects = site.projects | sort: "importance" -%} - - {% if page.horizontal -%} -
-
- {%- for project in sorted_projects -%} - {% include projects_horizontal.html %} - {%- endfor %} -
-
- {%- else -%} -
- {%- for project in sorted_projects -%} - {% include projects.html %} - {%- endfor %} -
- {%- endif -%} -{%- endif -%} -
diff --git a/_pages/publications.md b/_pages/publications.md deleted file mode 100644 index 10e99ca6e21b..000000000000 --- a/_pages/publications.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -permalink: /publications/ -title: Publications -description: publications by categories in reversed chronological order. # generated by jekyll-scholar. -years: [2024, 2023, 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017] -nav: true -nav_order: 1 ---- - -
- -{%- for y in page.years %} -

{{y}}

- {% bibliography -f papers -q @*[year={{y}}]* %} -{% endfor %} - -
diff --git a/_pages/repositories.md b/_pages/repositories.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7daa55cdbe3b..000000000000 --- a/_pages/repositories.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -permalink: /repositories/ -title: Repositories -description: Edit the `_data/repositories.yml` and change the `github_users` and `github_repos` lists to include your own GitHub profile and repositories. -nav: false -nav_order: 3 ---- - -## GitHub users - -{% if site.data.repositories.github_users %} -
- {% for user in site.data.repositories.github_users %} - {% include repository/repo_user.html username=user %} - {% endfor %} -
-{% endif %} - ---- - -## GitHub Repositories - -{% if site.data.repositories.github_repos %} -
- {% for repo in site.data.repositories.github_repos %} - {% include repository/repo.html repository=repo %} - {% endfor %} -
-{% endif %} diff --git a/_pages/teaching.md b/_pages/teaching.md deleted file mode 100644 index ceb7071381c9..000000000000 --- a/_pages/teaching.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -permalink: /teaching/ -title: Teaching -description: Materials for courses you taught. Replace this text with your description. -nav: false -nav_order: 5 ---- - -For now, this page is assumed to be a static description of your courses. You can convert it to a collection similar to `_projects/` so that you can have a dedicated page for each course. - -Organize your courses by years, topics, or universities, however you like! diff --git a/_plugins/external-posts.rb b/_plugins/external-posts.rb deleted file mode 100644 index e4fd5eb69517..000000000000 --- a/_plugins/external-posts.rb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -require 'feedjira' -require 'httparty' -require 'jekyll' - -module ExternalPosts - class ExternalPostsGenerator < Jekyll::Generator - safe true - priority :high - - def generate(site) - if site.config['external_sources'] != nil - site.config['external_sources'].each do |src| - p "Fetching external posts from #{src['name']}:" - xml = HTTParty.get(src['rss_url']).body - feed = Feedjira.parse(xml) - feed.entries.each do |e| - p "...fetching #{e.url}" - slug = e.title.downcase.strip.gsub(' ', '-').gsub(/[^\w-]/, '') - path = site.in_source_dir("_posts/#{slug}.md") - doc = Jekyll::Document.new( - path, { :site => site, :collection => site.collections['posts'] } - ) - doc.data['external_source'] = src['name']; - doc.data['feed_content'] = e.content; - doc.data['title'] = "#{e.title}"; - doc.data['description'] = e.summary; - doc.data['date'] = e.published; - doc.data['redirect'] = e.url; - site.collections['posts'].docs << doc - end - end - end - end - end - -end diff --git a/_plugins/hideCustomBibtex.rb b/_plugins/hideCustomBibtex.rb deleted file mode 100644 index 4a852fde6a6e..000000000000 --- a/_plugins/hideCustomBibtex.rb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ - module Jekyll - module HideCustomBibtex - def hideCustomBibtex(input) - keywords = @context.registers[:site].config['filtered_bibtex_keywords'] - - keywords.each do |keyword| - input = input.gsub(/^.*#{keyword}.*$\n/, '') - end - - return input - end - end -end - -Liquid::Template.register_filter(Jekyll::HideCustomBibtex) diff --git a/_posts/2021-12-19-twitter-DNNSim.md b/_posts/2021-12-19-twitter-DNNSim.md deleted file mode 100644 index ab1e91e13696..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2021-12-19-twitter-DNNSim.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: An interesting Project - DNN Simulator -date: 2021-12-19 -description: An interesting Project - DNN Simulator -tags: twitter ---- -An interesting Project: DNN Simulator - -# Tweet -

Interesting Project: DNN Simulatorhttps://t.co/MNRQzXrmfO

— YUEH (@yueh_ch) December 19, 2021
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/2022-01-09-twitter-ARKitScenes.md b/_posts/2022-01-09-twitter-ARKitScenes.md deleted file mode 100644 index 42e40cbef8e6..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2022-01-09-twitter-ARKitScenes.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: A New large-scale 3D LiDAR dataset from Apple -date: 2022-01-09 -description: A New large-scale 3D LiDAR scanner-based dataset ARKitScenes from Apple -tags: twitter ---- -A New large-scale 3D LiDAR dataset from Apple - -# Tweet -

New large-scale 3D LiDAR scanner-based dataset ARKitScenes from Apple:
- Collected by mobile LiDAR devices (2020 iPad Pro) and professional scanner (Faro Focus S70)
- Contains 5,048 RGB-D sequences (1,661 different scenes)
- Annotates 3D-oriented for 17 categories of furniture

— YUEH (@yueh_ch) January 9, 2022
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-25-docker_install.md b/_posts/2024-06-25-docker_install.md deleted file mode 100644 index 608f100eb09b..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-25-docker_install.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,125 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines -date: 2024-06-25 -description: Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines -tags: linux, ubuntu, docker, nvidia, commands -comments: true ---- - -# Introduction -To run Docker with accessibility of GPU and CUDA support, NVIDIA Docker has to be installed on the machine. Docker is a tool that encapsulates the environments, e.g, CUDA, CUDNN and all kinds of libraries and dependencies in a container without messing up the machine's environment. This is especially beneficial when we are duplicating some methods that use other packages e.g., Tensorflow Pytorch, Keras, Caffe, MXNet., or depending on old/new CUDA and CUDNN versions. - -# Installation - -> [!WARNING] -> Warning: we will remove the Docker originally installed on the Machines by SNAP, and re-install capable Docker using apt-get - -## Step 1 remove docker install from SNAP -Remove docker -```bash -$ sudo snap remove --purge docker -2022-10-03T18:37:22Z INFO Waiting for "snap.docker.dockerd.service" to stop. -docker removed -``` - -To check if there is still docker installed by apt-get -```bash -$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree... Done -Reading state information... Done -Package 'docker-engine' is not installed, so not removed -Package 'containerd' is not installed, so not removed -Package 'runc' is not installed, so not removed -Package 'docker' is not installed, so not removed -Package 'docker.io' is not installed, so not removed -0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 42 not upgraded. -``` - -## Step 2 Install Docker from APT -Follow the steps in Docker official document: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/ - -## Step 3 Reboot server - -```bash -$ sudo reboot -``` - -## Step 4 Test Docker with sudo - -```bash -$ sudo service docker start -$ sudo docker run hello-world - -Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally -latest: Pulling from library/hello-world -2db29710123e: Pull complete -Digest: sha256:62af9efd515a25f84961b70f973a798d2eca956b1b2b026d0a4a63a3b0b6a3f2 -Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest - -Hello from Docker! -This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. - -To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: - 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. - 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. - (amd64) - 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the - executable that produces the output you are currently reading. - 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it - to your terminal. - -To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: - $ docker run -it ubuntu bash - -Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: - https://hub.docker.com/ - -For more examples and ideas, visit: - https://docs.docker.com/get-started/ - -``` - - -## Step 5 Install NVIDIA Docker -Follow the steps in NVIDIA Docker official document: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html#docker - -## Step 6 Test NVIDIA Docker with sudo -```bash -$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi -``` - -# Troubleshooting - - -### Error response from daemon - -```bash -$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi -docker: Error response from daemon: could not select device driver "" with capabilities: [[gpu]]. -``` - -This is the Snap issue, please follow step 1. [Reference](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61876116/how-to-remove-a-snap-application-docker-completely). - - - -### Cannot connect to the Docker daemon -```bash -$ sudo docker run hello-world -docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?. -See 'docker run --help'. -``` - -This is the permission issue after installing Docker from apt-get. For our machine, we could just restart the docker and test it after reboot. Please see step 3 and step 4. [Reference](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44678725/cannot-connect-to-the-docker-daemon-at-unix-var-run-docker-sock-is-the-docker). - - - - - -# Reference: -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1447](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1447) -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1672](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1672) -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1155](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1155) - - diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-25-linux_users.md b/_posts/2024-06-25-linux_users.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f201eb2dff4..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-25-linux_users.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Create/Delete Users on Linux Machines -date: 2024-06-25 -description: Create/Delete Users on Linux Machines -tags: linux, ubuntu, commands -comments: true ---- -# Create Users -Create user with default using bash shell `-s` (`--shell`) and home directory `-m` (`--create-home`) -```bash -$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -$ sudo passwd -``` - -# Delete Users -Delete that user's home directory and mail spool by using the `-r` flag with the command -```bash -$ sudo userdel -r -``` - -# Reference: -- [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-users-in-linux-using-the-useradd-command/](https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-create-users-in-linux-using-the-useradd-command/) -- [https://sg.godaddy.com/help/remove-a-linux-user-19158](https://sg.godaddy.com/help/remove-a-linux-user-19158) - diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-25-rootless_docker.md b/_posts/2024-06-25-rootless_docker.md deleted file mode 100644 index e90a7f9e13f9..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-25-rootless_docker.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,77 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Install Rootless Docker on Ubuntu Machines -date: 2024-06-25 -description: Install Rootless Docker on Ubuntu Machines -tags: linux, ubuntu, docker, nvidia, commands -comments: true ---- - -# Introduction -Running docker usually requires root privileges. This document contains the rootless docker installation steps on Ubuntu machines. Note that the root privilege is required during the installation. - -# Installation - - -## Step 1 Install uidmap (sudo required) -```bash -$ sudo apt-get install -y uidmap -``` - -## Step 2 Setup User group (sudo required) - -Follow the [document](https://rootlesscontaine.rs/getting-started/common/subuid/) to setup the user group. If `subuids` and `subgids` are not configured, you need to edit `/etc/subuid` and `/etc/subgid` directly with a text editor - -```bash -$ cat /etc/subuid -user1:100000:65536 -$ cat /etc/subgids -user1:100000:65536 -``` - -## Step 3 Configure NVIDIA Docker for User Group (sudo required) -> [!WARNING] -> Warning: the side effect of the setting is that using nvidia docker with sudo will cause error: Failed to initialize NVML: Unknown Error. - -```bash -$ sudo vim /etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml -# set no-cgroups = true -no-cgroups = true -``` - - -## Step 4. Setup Rootless Docker -```bash -$ dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install -``` - -## Step 5. Restart Docker -```bash -$ systemctl --user start docker -$ systemctl --user enable docker -# export DOCKER_HOST or add to ~/.bashrc and source ~/.bashrc -$ export DOCKER_HOST=unix://$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/docker.sock -``` - -## Step 6. Test Docker without Sudo -```bash -# without sudo to run docker -$ docker run hello-world -# without sudo to run docker and access gpu -$ docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi -``` - - - - - - - - - -# Reference: -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1447](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1447) -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1672](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1672) -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1155](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1155) - - diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-30-install_cuda.md b/_posts/2024-06-30-install_cuda.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbb98c3bfa79..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-30-install_cuda.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,94 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines -date: 2024-06-30 -description: Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines -tags: linux, ubuntu, nvidia, commands -comments: true ---- -# Introduction -This document contain the step to install/update CUDA on Ubuntu machines - - -# Installation - -#### Step 1. Download cuda from NVIDIA official [website](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads). Either Deb (local), deb (network), or runfile (local) would work. - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/install_cuda/cuda.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -#### Step 2. Follow the instructions on the NVIDIA official website to download CUDA. - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/install_cuda/install_cuda.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -#### Step 3. Reboot the machine -```bash -$ sudo reboot -``` -
- -#### Step 4. Check system cuda after reboot -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/install_cuda/check_cuda.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -#### Step 5. Setup the environment in ~/.bashrc. Please see the official [document](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#environment-setup). - -```bash -### add cuda path in ~/.bashrc -export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}} -export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}} -``` -
- -#### Step 6. Source new environment -```bash -$ source ~/.bashrc -``` -
- -#### Step 7. Test driver -```bash -$ nvidia-smi -``` -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/install_cuda/test_driver.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -#### Step 8. Test cuda compiler -```bash -$ nvcc -V -``` -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/install_cuda/test_cudnn.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- - -# Reference: -- [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html) -- [https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads) -- [https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive) -- [https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#environment-setup](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#environment-setup) diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-30-install_tigervnc.md b/_posts/2024-06-30-install_tigervnc.md deleted file mode 100644 index e87c7251bb81..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-30-install_tigervnc.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines -date: 2024-06-30 -description: Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines -tags: linux, ubuntu, commands -comments: true ---- -# Introduction -TigerVNC is a client/server application that allows users to launch and interact with graphical applications on remote machines. TigerVNC provides the levels of performance necessary to run 3D and video applications, and it attempts to maintain a common look and feel and re-use components, where possible, across the various platforms that it supports. - - -
-# Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Server - -
-#### Step 1. Install TigerVNC Server. - -First of all, ssh to the server with administrator account with sudo privileges, and install the packages using the following commands on the server. - -```bash -$ sudo apt update -$ sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies -$ sudo apt install tightvncserver - -``` - -
-#### Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Server - -SSH to the server - -```bash -$ ssh xxx@yyy.zzz -``` - -Configure VNC Server -```bash -$ mkdir ~/.vnc -$ vim ~/.vnc/xstartup -``` - -Copy the following command to your ~/.vnc/xstartup -```bash -#!/bin/bash -xrdb $HOME/.Xresources -startxfce4 & -``` - - -The, add execution permission to ~/.vnc/xstartup -```bash -$ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup -``` - -
-#### Step 3. Launch VNC Server - -To launch VNC server, run the command below: - -> [Note] -> The password must be between six and eight characters long. Passwords more than 8 characters will be truncated automatically. - -```bash -# configure the resolution by -geometry -$ vncserver :1 -geometry 2560x1440 -Output -You will require a password to access your desktops. - -Password: -Verify: -Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n -xauth: file /home/hc29225/.Xauthority does not exist - -New 'X' desktop is borg:1 - -Creating default startup script /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup -Starting applications specified in /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup -Log file is /home/hc29225/.vnc/borg:1.log -``` - -
-#### Useful commands -Note that if you ever want to change your password or add a view-only password, you can do so with the vncpasswd command: -```bash -$ vncpasswd -``` - -To list current vncserver processes -```bash -$ vncserver -list -``` - - -To kill the vncserver process on the remote -```bash -$ vncserver -kill :1 -``` - - - -
-# Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local - -
-#### Step 1. Install tigervnc-viewer -Please run the script to install tigervnc-viewer on your local machine. Note that you should have the sudo privilege of your machine or the machine is pre-installed with tigervnc-viewer. - -```bash -$ sudo apt install tigervnc-viewer -``` - - -
-#### Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local -After installing the TigerVNC on the client, you should be able to find it in our machine. You will see the configuration window after clicking the TigerVNC Viewer. - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/tigervnc/tigervnc_local.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- - - -
-#### Step 3. Connect to VNC Server - -Ssh to the server with port forwarding -```bash -$ ssh -L 59000:localhost:5901 -C -N -l account xxx.yyy.zzz -``` - - -Or, you can configure your ~/.ssh/config like below then doing ssh -```bash -# in your ~/.ssh/config -Host xxx - HostName xxx.yyy.zzz - User account - IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa - LocalForward 59000 localhost:5901 -# then, ssh to the server -$ ssh account@xxx -``` - - - -After ssh to the server in a terminal, Launch VNC Viewer and type in localhost:59000 and vnc password -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/tigervnc/tigervnc_login.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
-You should be able to see the graphical user interface once connected -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/tigervnc/tigervnc_desktop.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- - -
-# Troubleshooting - -The gray screen is forwarded by TigerVNC -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/tigervnc/tigervnc_desktop_grey.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -Solution: Add executable permission ~/.vnc/xstartup on the server to fix this issue -```bash -$ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup -``` - - -
-# Reference: -- [https://tigervnc.org/](https://tigervnc.org/) -- [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-22-04](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-22-04) -- [https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-vnc-server-ubuntu-22-04/](https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-vnc-server-ubuntu-22-04/) -- [https://bytexd.com/how-to-install-configure-vnc-server-on-ubuntu/](https://bytexd.com/how-to-install-configure-vnc-server-on-ubuntu/) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-30-nvml_mismatch.md b/_posts/2024-06-30-nvml_mismatch.md deleted file mode 100644 index afbfc2c733b1..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-30-nvml_mismatch.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,319 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: "NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch" -date: 2024-06-30 -description: "Solving NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch" -tags: linux, ubuntu, nvidia, commands -comments: true ---- -# Introduction -The Ubuntu kernel and Nvidia driver will be updated automatically and sometimes cause driver mismatch issues on the system. This document shows how to solve the Nvidia driver mismatch problem on a Ubuntu OS. - -> [TL;DR] -> The first thing you need to try is rebooting the machine! - -If rebooting does not work for your case, please try the following steps. - -# Issue -```bash -$ nvidia-smi -Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch -NVML library version: 550.54 -``` -Check kernel message -```bash -$ sudo dmesg -... -[ 1865.855970] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 550.54.14, but - NVRM: this kernel module has the version 545.23.08. Please - NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver - NVRM: components have the same version. -... -``` - -# Solution - -
-#### Step 1. Check system driver and process driver -- The current running driver is `545.23.08` -```bash -$ cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version -NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module 545.23.08 Mon Nov 6 23:49:37 UTC 2023 -GCC version: gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) -``` - -- The system driver in the Dynamic Kernel Module is `545.23.08` -```bash -$ dkms status -nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-94-generic, x86_64: installed -nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-97-generic, x86_64: installed -$ modinfo nvidia | grep ^version -version: 545.23.08 -``` - -
-#### Step 2. Check available drivers - -`nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended` is the recommended driver. - -```bash -$ sudo ubuntu-drivers devices -== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0 == -modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002231sv000010DEsd0000147Ebc03sc00i00 -vendor : NVIDIA Corporation -model : GA102GL [RTX A5000] -manual_install: True -driver : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-525-server - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-535-server - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-545-open - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-535-open - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-525-open - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-550-open - third-party non-free -driver : nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended -driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin -``` - -
-#### Step 3. Try to install the recommended driver first - -```bash -$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550 -``` - -
-#### Step 4. Solving the error: trying to overwrite -If you get this error - -```bash -Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ... -dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack): - trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 -dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe) -Errors were encountered while processing: -``` - -Try to force install the driver. There will be an error at the end of the message, but this should be fine. - -```bash -$ sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb -(Reading database ... 292518 files and directories currently installed.) -Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... -dpkg-query: no packages found matching libnvidia-gl-535 -Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ... -dpkg: warning: overriding problem because --force enabled: -dpkg: warning: trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 -dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libnvidia-gl-550:amd64: - libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-common-550; however: - Package libnvidia-common-550 is not configured yet. - libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-550 (>= 550.54.14); however: - Package libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 is not configured yet. - -dpkg: error processing package libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (--install): - dependency problems - leaving unconfigured -Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ... -Errors were encountered while processing: - libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 -``` - -Then, fix the broken dependency. - -```bash -(base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install -.... -depmod... -Setting up libnvidia-encode-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ... -Setting up nvidia-driver-550 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ... -Setting up cuda-drivers-550 (550.54.14-1) ... -Setting up cuda-drivers (550.54.14-1) ... -Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ... -Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ... -Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu13.4) ... -update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-97-generic -W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/ast_dp501_fw.bin for module ast -Package profile updates - status: 1 - updates: [] - exceptions: - -needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed -``` - -Check the recommended driver is fixed - -```bash -(base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550 -Reading package lists... Done -Building dependency tree... Done -Reading state information... Done -nvidia-dkms-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1). -nvidia-dkms-550 set to manually installed. -nvidia-driver-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1). -nvidia-driver-550 set to manually installed. -The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: - libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0 -Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. -0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded. -``` - -But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. (Not sure if we restart the machine now will fix it) -```bash -$ nvidia-smi -Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch -NVML library version: 550.54 -``` - -
-#### Step 5. Purge all nvidia drivers and re-install -We will continue to purge all nvidia drivers first and re-install it again to keep our system environment simple. As you can see, there are lots of drivers in the system, for example nvidia-dkms-xxx - -```bash -$ dpkg -l | grep nvidia -ii libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library -ii libnvidia-common-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 all Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries -rc libnvidia-compute-515:amd64 515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -rc libnvidia-compute-515-server:amd64 515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -rc libnvidia-compute-530:amd64 530.30.02-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -rc libnvidia-compute-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -ii libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -ii libnvidia-container-tools 1.14.5-1 amd64 NVIDIA container runtime library (command-line tools) -ii libnvidia-container1:amd64 1.14.5-1 amd64 NVIDIA container runtime library -ii libnvidia-decode-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries -ii libnvidia-encode-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library -ii libnvidia-extra-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver -ii libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library -ii libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD -rc linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51 amd64 Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47 -rc linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51 amd64 Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47 (objects) -rc nvidia-compute-utils-515 515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -rc nvidia-compute-utils-515-server 515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -rc nvidia-compute-utils-530 530.30.02-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -rc nvidia-compute-utils-545 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -ii nvidia-compute-utils-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -ii nvidia-container-toolkit 1.14.5-1 amd64 NVIDIA Container toolkit -ii nvidia-container-toolkit-base 1.14.5-1 amd64 NVIDIA Container Toolkit Base -rc nvidia-cuda-toolkit 11.5.1-1ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA CUDA development toolkit -rc nvidia-dkms-515 515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package -rc nvidia-dkms-530 530.30.02-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package -rc nvidia-dkms-545 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package -ii nvidia-dkms-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package -ii nvidia-docker2 2.13.0-1 all nvidia-docker CLI wrapper -ii nvidia-driver-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver metapackage -ii nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Firmware files used by the kernel module -rc nvidia-kernel-common-515 515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -rc nvidia-kernel-common-515-server 515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -rc nvidia-kernel-common-530 530.30.02-0ubuntu1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -rc nvidia-kernel-common-545 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -ii nvidia-kernel-common-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -ii nvidia-kernel-source-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA kernel source package -ii nvidia-modprobe 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 Load the NVIDIA kernel driver and create device files -ii nvidia-prime 0.8.17.1 all Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime -ii nvidia-settings 545.23.08-0ubuntu1 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver -ii nvidia-utils-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver support binaries -ii screen-resolution-extra 0.18.2 all Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel -ii xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary Xorg driver -``` - -Remove all nvidia related packages. - -```bash -$ sudo apt --purge remove *nvidia* - -The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: - dctrl-tools dkms libgdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0 pkg-config screen-resolution-extra -Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. -The following packages will be REMOVED: - cuda* cuda-12-3* cuda-demo-suite-12-3* cuda-drivers* cuda-drivers-550* cuda-runtime-12-3* libnvidia-cfg1-550* libnvidia-common-550* - libnvidia-compute-515* libnvidia-compute-515-server* libnvidia-compute-530* libnvidia-compute-545* libnvidia-compute-550* - libnvidia-container-tools* libnvidia-container1* libnvidia-decode-550* libnvidia-encode-550* libnvidia-extra-550* libnvidia-fbc1-550* - libnvidia-gl-550* linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic* linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic* - nvidia-compute-utils-515* nvidia-compute-utils-515-server* nvidia-compute-utils-530* nvidia-compute-utils-545* nvidia-compute-utils-550* - nvidia-container-toolkit* nvidia-container-toolkit-base* nvidia-cuda-toolkit* nvidia-dkms-515* nvidia-dkms-530* nvidia-dkms-545* - nvidia-dkms-550* nvidia-docker2* nvidia-driver-550* nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14* nvidia-kernel-common-515* nvidia-kernel-common-515-server* - nvidia-kernel-common-530* nvidia-kernel-common-545* nvidia-kernel-common-550* nvidia-kernel-source-550* nvidia-modprobe* nvidia-prime* - nvidia-settings* nvidia-utils-550* xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550* -0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 48 to remove and 2 not upgraded. -After this operation, 751 MB disk space will be freed. -Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y -``` - - -Check the environment again to make sure there is no NVIDIA related packages -```bash -$ dpkg -l | grep nvidia -ii screen-resolution-extra 0.18.2 all Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel -``` - -
-#### Step 6. Re-install the recommended driver - -```bash -$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550 -``` - -Check the environment again after the recommended driver is installed. - -```bash -$ dpkg -l | grep nvidia -ii libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library -ii libnvidia-common-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 all Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries -ii libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package -ii libnvidia-decode-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries -ii libnvidia-encode-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library -ii libnvidia-extra-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver -ii libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library -ii libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD -ii nvidia-compute-utils-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities -ii nvidia-dkms-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package -ii nvidia-driver-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver metapackage -ii nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Firmware files used by the kernel module -ii nvidia-kernel-common-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module -ii nvidia-kernel-source-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA kernel source package -ii nvidia-prime 0.8.17.1 all Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime -ii nvidia-settings 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver -ii nvidia-utils-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA driver support binaries -ii screen-resolution-extra 0.18.2 all Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel -ii xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu1 amd64 NVIDIA binary Xorg driver -``` - -But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. We need to reboot the machine first to reload the driver. - -```bash -$ nvidia-smi -Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch -NVML library version: 550.54 -``` - -Reboot - -```bash -$ sudo reboot -``` - -
-#### Step 7 (Optional) Keep the kernel version - -> [Warning] -> This will prevent the machine from some important updates - -If we want to keep the version and prevent this happening again, we could use -```bash -`apt-mark hold` -$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-dkms-550: -nvidia-dkms-550 set on hold. -$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-driver-550 -nvidia-driver-550 set on hold. -$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-utils-550 -nvidia-utils-550 set on hold. -$ uname -r -5.15.0-97-generic -$ sudo apt-mark hold 5.15.0-97-generic # hold the kernel -``` - -# Reference: -- [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74151409/nvidia-nvml-driver-library-version-mismatch-dkms-modules-drivers-and-modinfo](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74151409/nvidia-nvml-driver-library-version-mismatch-dkms-modules-drivers-and-modinfo) -- [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43022843/nvidia-nvml-driver-library-version-mismatch/67105064#67105064](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43022843/nvidia-nvml-driver-library-version-mismatch/67105064#67105064) -- [https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/problem-with-apt-and-nvidia-440-on-ubuntu-20-04/115281/2](https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/problem-with-apt-and-nvidia-440-on-ubuntu-20-04/115281/2) -- [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1436506/how-to-resolve-unmet-dependencies-error-when-upgrading-depends-nvidia-kernel-c](https://askubuntu.com/questions/1436506/how-to-resolve-unmet-dependencies-error-when-upgrading-depends-nvidia-kernel-c) -- [https://askubuntu.com/questions/938494/how-to-i-prevent-ubuntu-from-kernel-version-upgrade-and-notification](https://askubuntu.com/questions/938494/how-to-i-prevent-ubuntu-from-kernel-version-upgrade-and-notification) diff --git a/_posts/2024-06-30-pytorch_distributed_training.md b/_posts/2024-06-30-pytorch_distributed_training.md deleted file mode 100644 index d08b083524b2..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-06-30-pytorch_distributed_training.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,283 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Distributed Training with Pytorch -date: 2024-06-30 -description: Distributed Training with Pytorch -tags: linux, ubuntu, nvidia, commands, coding, pytorch -comments: true ---- - -# Introduction -Distributed training is necessary for large models training tasks such as neural architecture search supernet, diffusion model or large language models. This document contains the steps to configure machines and launch distributed training tasks with Pytorch framework on GPU servers. - -
-# Server Configuration - -#### Step 1 Disable firewall and IPV6 -> [WARNING] -> This step may expose the machines under certain threats and attacks. - -Disable firewall - -```bash -$ sudo ufw status -Status: active -$ sudo ufw disable -$ sudo ufw status -Status: inactive -``` - -Disable IPV6: -```bash -$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 -$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1 -``` - - -#### Step 2. Export NCCL SOCKET - -Some of our machines do not use the default **eth0**, so we have to configure the `NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME` correctly on **all** the machines. - -To check the socket name. - -```bash -$ ifconfig -docker0: flags=4099 mtu 1500 - inet xx.xx.xx.xx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx - ether 02:42:fe:49:77:fe txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) - RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) - RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 - TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - -eno1: flags=4163 mtu 1500 - inet xx.xx.123.214 netmask 255.255.255.192 broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx - ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:ca txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) - RX packets 478564990 bytes 700182821494 (700.1 GB) - RX errors 0 dropped 6 overruns 2135 frame 0 - TX packets 880702 bytes 274251519 (274.2 MB) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - device memory 0xc1320000-c133ffff - -eno2: flags=4163 mtu 1500 - inet xx.xx.123.215 netmask 255.255.255.192 broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx - ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:cb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) - RX packets 136141633 bytes 187956572012 (187.9 GB) - RX errors 0 dropped 6 overruns 2335 frame 0 - TX packets 178699579 bytes 168433035752 (168.4 GB) - TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - device memory 0xc1300000-c131ffff -``` - -Install `net-tools` if you see the error -```bash -Command 'ifconfig' not found, but can be installed with: -apt install net-tools -Please ask your administrator. -``` - - -Export the corresponding socket name -```bash -# Both eno1 and eno2 should work. -$ export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eno2 -``` - -
-#### Step 3. Launch Distributed Training - -Get the IP addresses of the machines in the cluster. Note that the ip address should match the NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME that we export. For example: - -```bash -lovelace: xx.xx.120.112 -hopper: xx.xx.121.104 -borg: xx.xx.122.109 -johnson: xx.xx.123.214 -allen: xx.xx.124.214 -``` - - -
-#### Step 4. Run training scripts - -Lei Mao wrote a good [toy example](https://leimao.github.io/blog/PyTorch-Distributed-Training/) where we could start with. Here we use 2 machines (--nnodes) as an example. In each node, 4 GPUs (--nproc-per-node) will be used. Therefore, the world size is 8 (8 GPUs in total). - -```bash -# Host: (--node-rank 0) -torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=0 \ - --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d \ - --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \ - train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy … -``` - - -```bash -# Client: (--node-rank 1) -torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=1 \ - --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d \ - --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \ - train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy … - -``` - - - -
-# Network Bandwidth -Pytorch relies on the Internet connection to pass the updated weights. Therefore, a high bandwidth machine that serves as the master will speed up the training. - - -Test Bandwidth without sudo -```bash -$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py | python - -... -... -Testing download speed................................................................................ -Download: 88.85 Mbit/s -Testing upload speed...................................................................................................... -Upload: 11.87 Mbit/s -``` - -Test Bandwidth with sudo privilege -With sudo privilege, we can test a specific network interface, for example enp194s0f0 -```bash -$ sudo ethtool enp194s0f0 | grep -i speed - Speed: 10000Mb/s -``` - - -
-#### Bandwidth Monitoring Tools - -Bmon is a good internet bandwidth monitoring tool. Use the command: `sudo apt install bmon` to install the tool. More tools are available here. - -Here is a snapshot of the distributed training. The weights are passing through the enp194s0f1. - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/posts/pytorch_distributed_training/bandwidth.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- - -
-# Troubleshooting - -
-#### Hostname not known [Issue](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/74824#issuecomment-1500144250) - -Error message: - -```bash -[W socket.cpp:601] [c10d] The IPv6 network addresses of (ece-a58489.austin.utexas.edu, 44685) cannot be retrieved (gai error: -2 - Name or service not known). -``` - -Solution: add hostname and ip to /etc/hosts. It requires sudo privileges. - -```bash -$ cat /etc/hosts -127.0.0.1 localhost -127.0.1.1 ece-a55028 -xx.xx.120.112 ece-a58489.yyy.zzz # add ip for lovelace - -# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts -::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback -fe00::0 ip6-localnet -ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix -ff02::1 ip6-allnodes -ff02::2 ip6-allrouters -``` - -
-#### Debugging - -To dump more information for debugging the distributed training, we have to export a few environment variables. - -```bash -$ export NCCL_DEBUG=INFO -$ export TORCH_CPP_LOG_LEVEL=INFO -$ export TORCH_DISTRIBUTED_DEBUG=INFO -``` - - - -Debugging message: - -```bash -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -master_addr is only used for static rdzv_backend and when rdzv_endpoint is not specified. -WARNING:torch.distributed.run: -***************************************** -Setting OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable for each process to be 1 in default, to avoid your system being overloaded, please further tune the variable for optimal performa -nce in your application as needed. -***************************************** -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46672. -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46682. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO. -2023-10-09 23:39:49.119410: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical - operations. -To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags. -2023-10-09 23:39:49.170222: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical - operations. -To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags. -2023-10-09 23:39:49.170405: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical - operations. -To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags. -2023-10-09 23:39:49.170545: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical - operations. -To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags. -2023-10-09 23:39:49.851032: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT [488/1839] -2023-10-09 23:39:49.855787: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT -2023-10-09 23:39:49.965667: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT -| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 20, local gpu id 4): env:// -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35816. -| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 18, local gpu id 2): env:// -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35822. -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35834. -[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 20] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options: -NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1 -NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0 -NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0 -TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000 -USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0 -[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 20] NCCL watchdog thread started! -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35840. -[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 18] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options: -NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1 -NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0 -NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0 -TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000 -USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0 -[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 18] NCCL watchdog thread started! -| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 21, local gpu id 5): env:// -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927). -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35852. -[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927)./ -[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35858. -[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 21] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options: -NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1 -``` - -
-# Reference: -- [https://leimao.github.io/blog/PyTorch-Distributed-Training/](https://leimao.github.io/blog/PyTorch-Distributed-Training/) -- [https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/ddp_series_multinode.html](https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/ddp_series_multinode.html) -- [https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl/issues/833](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl/issues/833) -- [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/79388](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/79388) -- [https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/74824#issuecomment-1500144250](https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/74824#issuecomment-1500144250) -- [https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-enable-disable-firewall-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts-focal-fossa-linux](https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-enable-disable-firewall-on-ubuntu-20-04-lts-focal-fossa-linux) -- [https://askubuntu.com/questions/257263/how-to-display-network-traffic-in-the-terminal](https://askubuntu.com/questions/257263/how-to-display-network-traffic-in-the-terminal) - diff --git a/_posts/2024-07-11-hippo_matrices.md b/_posts/2024-07-11-hippo_matrices.md deleted file mode 100644 index a85dbeb4875b..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-07-11-hippo_matrices.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,612 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: "HiPPO Matrices" -date: 2024-07-11 -description: HiPPO Matrices -tags: ml, algorithm, SSM -comments: true ---- - - -
-Table of Contents - -
- -
- -# Introduction -This document provides the mathematic derivations of the HiPPO matrices that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references. - -
- -# Derive HiPPO Matrices - -The contents are extracted and summarized from the original paper [[1]](#1), but we show more details in the derivations to help people to understand. - -
- -## Backgrounds - -HiPPO considers a linear time-invariant (LTI) ODEs such that - -$$ -\Large -\begin{aligned} -\dot{c}(t)=Ac(t)+Bf(t) . -\end{aligned} -$$ - -1. $$c(t)$$ is the coefficient vector that describes the combination of - the basis functions, which corresponds to the state vector $$h(t)$$ in the continuous state space - model. - -2. $$f(t)$$ is the input signal that corresponds to the input vector $$x(t)$$ in the continuous state - space model. - -3. $$\dot{c}(t)$$ is the system dynamics that represents a compression of the history of $$f$$ that satisfies - linear dynamics. - - - - -
-#### Approximation - -Given a time-varying measure family $$u^{(t)}$$ supported on $$( -\inf, t]$$, a sequence of basis functions $$\mathcal{G} = \text{span} \{ {g_n}^{(t)} \}_{n \in [N]}$$] -, and a continuous function $$f: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$$, HiPPO defines an operator that maps $$f$$ to the optimal projection coefficients $$c: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0}\mapsto \mathbb{R}^N$$, such that - -$$ -\Large -\begin{aligned} - g^{(t)} = \text{argmin}_{g \in \mathcal{G}}\left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}} -\end{aligned} - -\quad \text{and} \quad - -\Large -\begin{aligned} - g^{(t)} = \sum^{N-1}_{n=0} c_n(t) g_n^{(t)} -\end{aligned} -$$ - - -
-#### Measures - -At every $$t$$, the approximation quality is defined with respect to a measure $$\mu^{(t)}$$ supported on $$(-\infty, t]$$. We seek some polynomial $$g^{(t)}$$ of degree at most $$N-1$$ that minimizes the error $$\begin{aligned} - \left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g^{(t)}\right\rVert_{L_2(\mu^{(t)})} -\end{aligned}$$. -Suppose the measures $$\mu^{(t)}$$ are sufficiently smooth across their domain as well as in time and have desities -$$ -\begin{aligned} -\omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}}{d\lambda}(x) -\end{aligned} -$$ -with respect to the Lebesgue measure $$d\lambda(x)=dx$$ -such that $$\omega$$ is $$C^1$$ almost everywhere. -Therefore, we have -$$ -\begin{aligned} -\omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}(x)}{dx} -\end{aligned} -$$. -Thus, integrating against -$$d\mu^{(t)}(x)$$ can be rewritten as integrating against -$$\omega(t, x)dx$$. -That is -$$ -\begin{aligned} -\int d\mu^{(t)}(x) = \int \omega(t, x)dx -\end{aligned} -$$. - - -
-#### Orthogonal Polynomial Basis - -We can use a sequence of orthogonal polynomials (OPs) as our basis to approximate the continuous function $$f$$. -A sequence of OPs $$P_0(x), P_1(x), ...$$ satisfying: - -1. $$\text{deg}(P_i)=i$$, and - -2. $$\langle P_i, P_j \rangle = \int P_i(x) P_j(x) d\mu(x) = 0$$ for all $$i \neq j$$ - -A sequence of OPs $$g = \{P_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$$ of degree $$\text{deg}(g) -#### Tilted Measure and Basis -The goal is simply to store a compressed representation of functions, which -can use any basis, not necessarily OPs. For any scaling function -$$\begin{aligned} - \chi(t, x) = \chi^{(t)}(x) -\end{aligned}$$ -such that $$p_n(x)\chi(x)$$ are orthogonal with respect to -the density $$\omega/\chi^2$$ at every time $$t$$. -Thus, we can choose this alternative basis and measure to perform the projections. - -Define $$\nu$$ to be the `normalized measure` with density proportional to -$$\omega^{t}/(\chi^{(t)})^2$$. -We will calculate the normalized measure and the orthonormal basis for it. - -Let $$\zeta(t)$$ to be the normalization -constant: $$\begin{aligned} - \zeta(t) = \int \frac{\omega}{\chi^2} = \int \frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{({\chi^{(t)}(x)})^2}dx -\end{aligned}$$ , so that $$\nu^{(t)}$$ has density -$$\frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)}(x))^2}$$ -If $$\chi(t, x) = 1$$ (no tilting), this constant is $$\chi(t) = 1$$. - -Note that (dropping the dependence on x inside the integral for shorthand) - -$$ -\begin{aligned} -\left\lVert \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\nu^{(t)}}^2 &= \int {( \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)})}^2 \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ -&= \int (p_n^{(t)})^2 \omega^{(t)} \\ -&= \left\lVert p_n^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}}^2 = 1 \quad. -\end{aligned} -$$ - -Thus we define the `orthogonal basis` for $$\nu^{(t)}$$ (normalized measurement) - -$$ -\Large -\label{orthogonal_basis} -\tag{eq:1} -\begin{aligned} - {g_n}^{(t)} = \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}, \quad n \in \mathbb{N} -\end{aligned} -$$ - - -Therefore, we have - -$$ -\Large -\label{gn_gm} -\tag{eq:2} -\begin{aligned} -\langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_m}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} = \lambda_n^2 \delta_{n,m} \quad. -\end{aligned} -$$ - -Note that when $$\lambda_n=\pm1$$, the basis $$ \{ {g_n}^{(t)} \} $$ is an -orthonormal basis with respect to the measure $$\nu^{(t)}$$, at every time -$$t$$. Notationally, let $${g_n}^{(t)}(x)=g_n(t, x)$$ as usual. - -
- -## The Projection and Coefficients - -Given a choice of measures $$\nu$$ and basis functions $$g$$, we compute the -coefficients $$c(t)$$ to approximate a $$C^1$$-smooth function which is seen -*online* $$f(x)_{x \leq t}$$. - -
- -#### Approximate Input Function -We project the input function $$f$$ to basis functions $$g$$, and $$c(t)$$ is the coefficient vector that describes the magnitude of the basis functions. -Using the result from the formula [[eq:1]](#eq:1), we have - -$$ -\label{approx_f} -\tag{eq:3} -\begin{aligned} - c_n(t) &= \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} \\ - &= \int f \textcolor{red}{ {g_n}^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ - &= \int f \textcolor{red} { \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ - &= \int f \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} \\ - &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} -\end{aligned} -$$ - -
- -#### Reconstruct Input Function -The function $$f$$ can be approximated by storing its coefficients with respect to the basis. -At any time $$t$$, $$f(x)_{x \leq t}$$ can be explicitly reconstructed by using $$ c_n(t) = \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} $$ and the formula [[eq:2]](#eq:2), such that - -$$ -\label{reconstruct} -\tag{eq:4} -\begin{aligned} - f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red} { \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} } \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ \langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } } \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{\lambda_n^2} } \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-2} c_n(t) {g_n}^{(t)} \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ -\end{aligned} -$$ - -
- -#### Coefficient Dynamics - -The coefficients $$c(t)$$ encode information about the history of $$f$$ and -allow online predictions. We compute these coefficients over time by -viewing them as a dynamical system. Differentiating $$c_n(t)$$, we have - -$$ -\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt}( \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} ) \\ - &= \frac{d}{dt}( \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ {p_n}^{(t)} } \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} } ) \\ - &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}({p_n}^{(t)}) } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} + \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} ) } \\ - &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f(x) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} p_n(t, x)) \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x) dx + \int f(x) (\zeta^{-\frac{1}{2}}\lambda_n p_n(t, x)) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x)) dx \quad. -\end{aligned} -$$ - -
-## Case: HiPPO-LegS - -
-#### Properties of Legendre Polynomials - -An especially compact expression for the Legendre polynomials is given -by Rodrigues' formula [[4]](#4): - -$$\begin{aligned} -P_n(x) = \frac{1}{2^n n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n}(x^2 - 1)^n . -\end{aligned}$$ - -The first few Legendre polynomials are: - -$$\begin{aligned} -P_0(x) &= 1 \\ -P_1(x) &= x \\ -P_2(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (3x^2 - 1) \\ -P_3(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (5x^3 - 3x) \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -The Legendre polynomials are orthogonal over $$(-1,1)$$ with respect to -the measure $$ \omega^{leg}=\boldsymbol{1}_{[-1, 1]}$$ and they satisfy - -$$ -\label{legendre} -\tag{eq:5} -\begin{aligned} - \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{-1}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} -\end{aligned} -$$ - -where $$\delta_{mn}$$ is Kronecker delta, equal to $$1$$ if $$m = n$$ and to $$0$$ otherwise, such that - -$$\begin{aligned} -\delta_{mn} = - \begin{cases} - 0,& \text{if } m \neq n \\ - 1,& \text{if } m = n \\ -\end{cases} -\end{aligned}$$ - -Also, they satisfy - -$$\begin{aligned} - P_n(1) = 1 \\ - P_n(-1) = (-1)^n \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -so called \"Pointwise evaluations\". - - -
-#### Shifted and Scaled Legendre Polynomials - -The \"shifted\" Legendre polynomials are a set of functions analogous to -the Legendre polynomials, but defined on the interval $$(0, 1)$$ [[5]](#5). They obey -the orthogonality relationship - -$$\begin{aligned} - (2n+1)\int_{0}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} -\end{aligned}$$ - -We will also consider scaling the Legendre polynomials to be orthogonal -on the interval $$[0, t]$$. Let $$u=\frac{2x}{t}-1$$, and apply a change of variables from [[eq:5]](#eq:5) - -$$\begin{aligned} - & \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{u=-1}^{u=1} P_n(u) P_m(u) du \\ - & \text{since } u = \frac{2x}{t}-1 \text{ , we have } du = \frac{2}{t}dx \\ - & \text{since } x = \frac{t}{2}(u+1) \text{ , we have } x = 0 \text{ when } u=-1 \text{ ,and } x=t \text{ when } u=1 \\ - & \text{replace } u \text{ with } x \\ - &= \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{2}{t}dx \\ - &= (2n+1)\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t}dx \\ - &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ - &= \delta_{nm} -\end{aligned}$$ - -Therefore, with respect to the measure $$\omega_t=\boldsymbol{1}_{[0, t]} / t$$ (which is a probability measure for all t), we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - & (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ - &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \omega_{t}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) dx \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Then, the normalized orthogonal polynomials in the interval $$[0, t]$$ with starting point is $$\textcolor{red}{0}$$ and step size $$\textcolor{green}{t}$$ are - -$$\begin{aligned} - (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1). - \quad \left( =(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-\textcolor{red}{0})}{\textcolor{green}{t}}-1) \right) -\end{aligned}$$ - -Generalize to any interval $$[t-\theta, t]$$, we use $$\textcolor{red}{t-\theta}$$ as the starting point and $$\textcolor{green}{\theta}$$ as the step size. After replacing the notation, we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - &(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x - \textcolor{red}{ (t-\theta)}) }{\textcolor{green}{\theta}}-1) \\ - &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x-2t+2\theta}{\theta} - 1) \\ - &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-t)}{\theta} + 1) \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -, which is orthonormal for the uniform measure -$$\omega_\theta= \frac{1}{ \theta}\boldsymbol{1}_{[t-\theta, t]}$$ - -
-#### Derivatives of Legendre Polynomials - -use the following recurrence relations (the integration of Legendre polynomial [[4]](#4)) - -$$ -\label{legendre_recur_1} -\tag{eq:6} -\begin{aligned} - (2n+1)P_n &= P'_{n+1} - P'_{n-1} -\end{aligned} -$$ - -and - -$$ -\label{legendre_recur_2} -\tag{eq:7} -\begin{aligned} - P'_{n+1} &= (n+1)P_n + xP'_n -\end{aligned} -$$ - -The first equation [[eq:6]](#eq:6) yields - -$$\begin{aligned}[c] - P'_{n+1} &= (2\mathbf{n}+1)P_\mathbf{n} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} \\ - \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-2})+1)P_\mathbf{n-2} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} \\ - \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-4})+1)P_\mathbf{n-4} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-5}} \\ - ... -\end{aligned} -\quad\quad -\begin{aligned}[c] - P'_{n} &= (2(\mathbf{n-1})+1)P_\mathbf{n-1} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} \\ - \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-3})+1)P_\mathbf{n-3} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} \\ - \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-5})+1)P_\mathbf{n-5} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-6}} \\ - ... -\end{aligned} -$$ - -Therefore we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - & P'_{n+1} = (2n+1)P_n + (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \quad \text{ and} \\ - & P'_n = (2n-1)P_{n-1} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-9)P_{n-5} ... -\end{aligned}$$ - -where the sum stops at $$P_0$$ or $$P_1$$. By summing $$P'_{n+1} + P'_n $$, we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{(2n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ - & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{nP_n + (n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \text{ (using eq:7)}\\ - & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = nP_n + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n+1} - xP'_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ - & P'_n \textcolor{green}{+ xP'_n} = nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ -\end{aligned} -$$ - - -Therefore, we have - -$$ -\label{legendre_result} -\tag{eq:8} -\begin{aligned} - (x+1)P'_n(x) &= nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ -\end{aligned} -$$ - -We will use the result [[eq:8]](#eq:8) to derive HiPPO-LegS. - -
-#### Derive HiPPO-LegS - -Now we have the measure $$\omega(t, x) = \frac{1}{t}\mathbb{1}_{[0,t]}$$ -and the basis - -$$g_n(t, x) = p_n(t, x) = (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1)$$ - -where $$P_n$$ are the basic Legendre polynomials. - - - -Since the basis functions $$g_n(t, x)$$ are orthonormal with respect to the measure, we have the tiling function -$$\chi(t, x) = 1$$ (no tilting), $$\zeta(t, x) = 1$$, $$\lambda_n=1$$ - -Plug $$\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n$$ into [[eq:3]](#eq:3), we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - c_n(t) &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} = \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} -\end{aligned}$$ - - -- **HiPPO-LegS Derivatives** - -We first differentiate the measure and basis: - -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega(t, \cdot) &= -t^{-2} \mathbb{1}_{[0, t]} + t^{-1} \delta_t = t^{-1} (-\omega(t) + \delta_t) \\ - \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}2xt^{-2} {P'}_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \\ - &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}+1) {P'}_n(\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}) \quad. -\end{aligned}$$ - -Now define $$z = \frac{2x}{t} - 1$$ and apply the -result of derivatives of Legendre polynomials in the equation [[eq:8]](#eq:8). - -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (z+1) {P'}_n(z) \\ - &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} [nP_n(z) + (2n-1)P_{n-1}(z) + (2n-3)P_{n-2}(z) + ...] \\ - & \left( \text{using } \quad (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) = P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) = P_n(z)\right) \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}(t, x) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}(t, x) + ...] \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}^{(t)} + ...] \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -- **HiPPO-LegS Coefficient Dynamics** - -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt} ( \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx) \\ - &= \int f (\textcolor{red}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n^{(t)}}) \omega^{(t)} dx + \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega^{(t)}} dx \\ - - &= \int f \left( \textcolor{red}{ -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[ n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + ...\right] } \right) \omega^{(t)} dx - + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t)} dx \right) \\ - - &= \left( -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_{n-1}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + ...\right] \right) - + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-1}(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-2}(t)} + ...] - + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] - + \left( - t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)}dx} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \delta_t dx} \right) \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] - -t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{c_n(t)} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) g_{n}^{(t)}(t)} \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] - -t^{-1} c_n(t) + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(1)} \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] - \textcolor{red}{-t^{-1}c_n(t)} + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ - &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [\textcolor{red}{(n+1)} (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] - + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -For example: - -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt} c_0(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [1 c_0(t)] \\ - \frac{d}{dt} c_1(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_1(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [2 c_1(t) + 3^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ - \frac{d}{dt} c_2(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_2(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1(t)+ (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] \\ - & \quad = -\frac{1}{t} [3 c_2(t) + 5^{\frac{1}{2}}3^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1+ 5^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ - & ... \\ - \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_n(t) + \sum_{k=n-1}^{0}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_k(t)] \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Writing the result into the matrix form: - -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} A c(t) + \frac{1}{t} B f(t) -\end{aligned}$$ - -where - -$$\begin{aligned} -A_{nk} &= -\begin{cases} - (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}},& \text{if } n > k \\ - n+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ - 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ -\end{cases} -\\ -B &= (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} -\end{aligned}$$ - -We can also write the result into the form: $$\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} D[ MD^{-1}c(t) + \mathbb{1} f(t)] -\end{aligned}$$ - -where - -$$\begin{aligned} -D &= \text{diag}[(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}]_0^{n-1} \\ -M_{nk} &= -\begin{cases} - 2k+1,& \text{if } n > k \\ - k+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ - 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ -\end{cases} -\end{aligned}$$ - -- **HiPPO-LegS Reconstruction** - -Plug $$\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n$$ into [[eq:4]](#eq:4), we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {g_n}(t, x)\\ - &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) -\end{aligned}$$ - -
- -# References - - -[1] -A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal -polynomial projections,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– -1487, 2020. - -[2] -A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state -space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, -2022. - -[3] -A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv -preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023. - -[4] -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_polynomials - - -[5] -https://mathworld.wolfram.com/LegendrePolynomial.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/2024-07-12-state_space_models.md b/_posts/2024-07-12-state_space_models.md deleted file mode 100644 index a162ee6429f4..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-07-12-state_space_models.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,394 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: State Space Models -date: 2024-07-11 -description: State Space Models -tags: ml, algorithm, SSM -comments: true ---- - - -
-Table of Contents - -
- -
- -# Introduction -This document provides the mathematic derivations of the State Space Models that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references. - -
- -# Continuous State Space Model - -Consider a continuous state space model equation: - -$$ -\label{c_ssm} -\tag{1} -\Large -\begin{aligned} -\dot{h}(t)=Ah(t)+Bx(t) \\ -y(t)=Ch(t)+Dx(t) -\end{aligned} -$$ - -There are three continuous signals in the system: $$x(t), h(t), y(t)$$, -which are: - -1. $$x(t)\in \mathbb{R}^p$$ is the `input (or control) vector` that - describes the input continuous signal. - Some papers would use $$u$$ as the input vector, but we use $$x$$ for better aligning with Mamba series. - -2. $$h(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n$$ is the `state vector` that describes the system - states, and $$\dot{h}$$ is the system dynamics *i.e.* - $$\frac{\partial h(t)}{\partial t}$$. - Some papers would use $$x$$ as the state vector, but we use $$h$$ for better aligning with Mamba series. - -3. $$y(t) \in \mathbb{R}^q$$ is the `output vector` that describes the - output continuous signal from the system. - -There are four transition matrices in the system: $$A, B, C,$$ and $$D$$, -which are: - -1. $$A, \texttt{Dim}(A)=n\times n$$ is the `state matrix` of the system that - describes the linear relations of the parameters in the system. - -2. $$B, \texttt{Dim}(B)=n\times p$$ is the `input matrix` that describes how - input signals interact with the system. - -3. $$C, \texttt{Dim}(C)=q\times n$$ is the `output matrix` that describes the - system output. - -4. $$D, \texttt{Dim}(D)=q\times p$$ is the `feed-forward matrix` that - describes how input signals are directly involved in the output. - -
- -# Discretize Continuous State Space Model - -The general formulation of an ODE is -$$\begin{aligned} - \frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + B x(t). -\end{aligned} -$$ - -From the differential equation, we have $$\begin{aligned} - h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) = \int_{s=t}^{s=t+\Delta t} A h(s) + B x(s)ds . -\end{aligned}$$ - -## Bilinear Transform - -By the Trapezoidal rule, we have - -$$ -\begin{aligned} - h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) &= \Delta t \frac{(Ah(t) + Bx(t) + Ah(t+\Delta t) + B x(t+\Delta t))}{2} \\ - &= \frac{\Delta t}{2} Ah(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Ah(t+\Delta t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t+\Delta t) -\end{aligned} -$$ - -By combining the terms, we have - -$$ -\begin{aligned} - \textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A\textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} &= \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \frac{\Delta t}{2} A \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t) + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t+\Delta t) \\ - ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} B(x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) \\ - h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} B (x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) -\end{aligned} -$$ - -Since $$x$$ is the constant and does no involve in the -integral, we have $$x(t) = x(t+\Delta t)$$ - -$$\begin{aligned} - h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)^{-1} B x(t+\Delta t) -\end{aligned} -$$ - -We can replace $$\frac{1}{2}$$ with a variable $$\alpha$$, so that we have -Generalized Bilinear Transformation (GBT). - -$$\begin{aligned} - h(t+\Delta t) &= \textcolor{red}{( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} h(t) + \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} x(t+\Delta t) -\end{aligned}$$ - -We can write the discretized state space model as - -$$\begin{aligned} - h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ - y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] -\end{aligned}$$ - -where $$\overline{A}, \overline{B}$$ are discretized matrices - -$$\begin{aligned} - \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{(\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} \\ - \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} -\end{aligned}$$ - -
-## Zero-order Hold Transform (ZOH) - -#### State solution - -We derive the state solution from the continuous time-invariant dynamic equation $$\frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + Bx(t)$$ -and move $$A h(t)$$ to the left-hand side - -$$\begin{aligned} - \textcolor{red}{ \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t) } = Bx(t) . -\end{aligned}$$ - -Using the fact - -$$\begin{aligned} - \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = e^{-At} \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - e^{-At} A h(t) = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} [ \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t)} ] -\end{aligned}$$ - -, we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} Bx(t) \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -We integrate the both side from $$0$$ to $$t$$ - -$$\begin{aligned} - \int_0^t \frac{d}{d \tau}[e^{-A\tau}h(\tau)] d\tau = \textcolor{red}{e^{-At}h(t) - h(0) = \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -and move $$h(0)$$ to the right-hand side - -$$\begin{aligned} - e^{-At}h(t) = h(0) + \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau -\end{aligned}$$ - -After multiplying $$e^{At}$$ on both sides, we have the -state solution - -$$ -\label{state_solution} -\tag{eq:1} -\begin{aligned} - h(t) = e^{At}h(0) + \int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau -\end{aligned} -$$ - -Note that $$\int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau$$ is a -convolution, which can be done efficiently by multiplying the scalars in -the frequency domain. We will use this result to derive the Zero-order -Hold discretization. - -
-#### Zero-order Hold Discretization - -We first define the relationship between discretized signals and -continuous signals. - -$$\begin{aligned} - h[k] := h(k\Delta t), \quad \text{and} \quad x[k] := x(k\Delta t) -\end{aligned}$$ - -where $$h[x]$$ and $$c[k]$$ is a zero-order transformed -signals from $$h(x)$$ and $$x(x)$$ with a sampling step $$k$$. - -Then using [[eq:1]](#eq:1), we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - h[k+1] &:= h(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}) \\ - &= e^{A\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}}h(0) + \int_0^{\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ - &= e^{A(k+1)\Delta t}h(0) + \int_{\textcolor{green}{0}}^{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}}^{\textcolor{green}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ - &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}}e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t}\left( \textcolor{green}{ e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \right) + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} \textcolor{green}{h(k\Delta t)} + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B \textcolor{red}{\int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{-A\tau} x(\tau) d \tau} \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A\tau}\Big|_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t}})x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + -A^{-1}e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}})(e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{e^{A((k+1)\Delta t}} B (-A^{-1}) (\textcolor{green}{e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ - &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + BA^{-1} (\textcolor{green}{-\mathbf{I} + e^{A \Delta t}}) x[k+1] \\ - &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{\frac{\Delta t B}{\Delta t A} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I})} x[k+1] \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Note that $$x$$ is constant from $$k\Delta t$$ to $$(k+1)\Delta t$$, and thereby $$x(k\Delta t) = x((k+1)\Delta t)$$ - -We can write the discretized state space model as - -$$\begin{aligned} - h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ - y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] -\end{aligned}$$ - -where $$\overline{A}, \overline{B}$$ are discretized matrices - -$$\begin{aligned} - \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} \\ - \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{ {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B} -\end{aligned}$$ - -We can perform an Euler approximation to simplify $$B$$. -The first-order Taylor expansion of $$e^{A \Delta t}$$ around zero is given by: - -$$\begin{aligned} -e^{A \Delta t} \approx I + A \Delta t -\end{aligned}$$ - -Therefore, we have - -$$\begin{aligned} - \overline{B} &= {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{e^{A \Delta t}} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B - \approx {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{I + A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B = \Delta t B -\end{aligned}$$ - - -# Discrete-time State Space Model - -We can write the continuous-time state space model - -$$\begin{aligned} -\dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t) \\ -y(t)=Cx(t)+Du(t) -\end{aligned}$$ - -as a discrete-time state space model - -$$\begin{aligned} - x[t] &= \overline{A} x[t-1] + \overline{B} u[t] \\ - y[t] &= C x[t] + D u[t] \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -by using the GBL or ZOH - -$$\begin{aligned}[c] -&\text{Bilinear:}\\ -\overline{A}&= (\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)\\ -\overline{B} &= \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B -\end{aligned} -\quad\quad -\begin{aligned}[c] -&\text{ZOH:}\\ -\overline{A} &= e^{A\Delta t}\\ -\overline{B} &= {(\Delta t A)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B \approx \Delta t B\\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -
-## Convolution Form - -Letting $$h_{-1} = 0$$ and unrolling the $$y_k$$ - -$$\begin{aligned}[c] -&\text{t=0}\\ -h_0 &= \overline{B}x_0\\ -y_0 &= C\overline{B}x_0 + Dx_0\\ -\end{aligned} -\quad -\begin{aligned}[c] -&\text{t=1}\\ -h_1 &= \overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{B}x_1\\ -y_1 &= C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{B}x_1 + Dx_1\\ -\end{aligned} -\quad -\begin{aligned}[c] -&\text{t=2}\\ -h_2 &= \overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2\\ -y_2 &= C\overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + C\overline{B}x_2 + Dx_2\\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Therefore, when $$t=k$$ - -$$\begin{aligned} -h_k &= \overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 +...+ \overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + \overline{B}x_k\\ -y_k &= C\overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}^{k-1}\overline{B}x_1 +...+ C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + C\overline{B}x_k + Dx_k \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -In other words, $$y_t$$ is a single (non-circular) convolution - -$$\begin{aligned} -y_t = \sum_{\tau=0}^k \overline{C}\overline{A}^{\tau}\overline{B} x_{t-\tau} + Dx_t -\end{aligned}$$ - -which can be computed very efficiently with FFTs, -provided that $$\overline{K}$$ is known. - -$$\begin{aligned} - y_t = \overline{K} \ast x + Dx_t -\end{aligned}$$ -where -$$\begin{aligned} - \overline{K} \in \mathbb{R}^L := \kappa_L(\overline{A}, \overline{B}, \overline{C}) := (\overline{C}\overline{A}^i\overline{B})_{i \in [L]} = (\overline{C}\overline{B}, \overline{C}\overline{A}\overline{B}, ..., , \overline{C}\overline{A}^{L-1}\overline{B}) -\end{aligned}$$ - -
-## Parallel Associative Scan - -Consider an example for illustrating a parallel associative scan (or -parallel prefix sum/scan): $$\begin{aligned} - h_t &= \overline{A} h_{t-1} + \overline{B} x_t \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -We unroll the recursive equation with $$h_0 = 0$$. - -$$\begin{aligned} - h_1 &= \overline{B} x_1 \\ - h_2 &= \overline{A} h_1 + \overline{B} x_2 = \overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2\\ - h_3 &= \overline{A} h_2 + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2) + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3\\ - h_4 &= \overline{A} h_3 + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4\\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Define an operand $$e_i = (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_i)$$ and operator -$$e_i \cdot e_j$$ for parallel associative scan such that - -$$\begin{aligned} -e_1 \cdot e_2 &= (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_1) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, h_2) \\ -e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 &= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_3) = (\overline{A}^3, \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) = (\overline{A}^2, h_3) \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -Therefore, we can parallelize the computation with a -parallel associative scan into a tree structure, for example, $$h_4$$ can -be computed by - -$$\begin{aligned} -(e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 \cdot e_4) &= (e_1 \cdot e_2) \cdot (e_3 \cdot e_4) \\ -&= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_3 + \overline{B}x_4) \\ -& = (\overline{A}^4, \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4) \\ -& = (\overline{A}^4, h_4) \\ -\end{aligned}$$ - -# References - - -[1] -A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal -polynomial projections,” Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– -1487, 2020. - -[2] -A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state -space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, -2022. - -[3] -A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv -preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023. - -[4] -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_posts/2024-08-11-paper-submit-mindset.md b/_posts/2024-08-11-paper-submit-mindset.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d6b136b4552..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-08-11-paper-submit-mindset.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: "The Academic Submission Journey" -date: 2024-08-11 -description: "The Academic Submission Journey" -tags: blog -comments: true ---- - - - - -English - -中文 - -
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-I summarize some experience from paper submissions, and perhaps there are some things worth writing down to constantly remind myself or might be useful for the people who are submitting papers to conferences or journals. -

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-The following text is from the perspective of authors who submit their papers to conferences or journals. -

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Summarizing Past Submission Experiences

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The key to acceptance: Novelty, Paper Organization, Experimental Results, and Most Importantly: Luck

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-Whether a research paper can be accepted by a conference or journal depends not only on the integrity and innovation of the experiments but also on the tastes of the reviewers encountered during submission. Truly innovative and groundbreaking research is not common — there might only be a few particularly pioneering studies each year. Most researchers work within the existing framework, attempting to make limited breakthroughs from different angles. While becoming a top researcher may require talents, the skill of "writing papers" can be cultivated through effort. The key is whether the logic of the paper's argument and the presentation of experiments can guide reviewers to analyze the issue from the paper's perspective during their reading. Often, a paper that doesn't seem fully complete to oneself can be appreciated by a reviewer who provides suggestions for improving the research. With good luck, after supplementing the experiments, the paper might eventually be accepted by a journal or conference. Even if the final result is rejection, the submission process will make the research increasingly complete, and upon resubmission, it will likely be accepted by some journal or conference. -

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-Fun facts: Papers that I considered subpar inexplicably got accepted. However, papers that I particularly liked was harshly criticized by reviewers and repeatedly rejected. -
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Conveying an Idea in a Paper

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-Presenting "One" Perspective in a Paper with Extensive Argumentation and Evidence -

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-Conveying an idea with others is something that requires a lot of practice over a long period and is by no means easy, especially in situations where there is two-way, intensive, and opposing opinions. Practicing communication through writing is a relatively simple, controllable, and trainable process because, in writing, there is time to organize emotions, sort out logic, cite and provide evidence, and edit and revise. The basic principle of writing a paper is to provide sufficient context, argue for "one" perspective within that context, and then design experiments to support that "one" perspective. Exceeding "one" perspective can easily lead to ineffective communication, goal divergence, and a lack of focus throughout the paper. The designed experiments and figures must clearly and directly convey the argument, organizing the message into the most digestible form, such as charts or tables, to avoid logical twists. More importantly, it's crucial to think from the reader's standpoint — what kind of information do they want to receive? In this world, no one besides oneself knows this research better. The ability to organize research results into a form that people from different standpoints can understand is an important skill that can also be widely applied in the workplace. -

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-Fun facts: During the process of practicing paper writing, I found that communication with the opposite sex also became much smoother. -
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Review and Rebuttal

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-Preparing the Rebuttal in Advance and Setting the Debate Focus -

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-When submitting a research work, based on experience and understanding of the research, one would prepare for some questions that might be asked, setting up the main points of defense for each issue in advance. Usually, after preparation, one finds that the suggestions and questions from the reviewers mostly fall within the anticipated range. At this stage, finding papers that support your argument, supplementing experiments, and guiding the reviewer back to the pre-set focal points for debate based on existing literature and experimental results are essential. The goal is to refute the reviewers' viewpoints or alleviate their concerns, hoping that they will raise the paper's score, increasing the chances of it being accepted by a journal or conference. -

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-Fun facts: After so many submissions, my colleagues, my advisor, and I still feel frustrated when reading reviewers' comments. -
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Waiting for the Notification

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-Managing Expectations, Hoping for the Best, and Preparing for the Worst -

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-After debating with the reviewers, the next step is to wait for the final review results. This period is the most nerve-wracking, especially when the scores are borderline. It's essential to practice letting go of the debate with the reviewers and returning to normal life. Going out for a walk and staying away from research for a few days is usually a good approach. Once you feel slightly recovered, take some time to organize and revise the paper, incorporating the reviewers' doubts into the main text or appendix of the paper. While remaining optimistic, also look into other journals or conferences for potential resubmission options in case of the worst outcome. -

- -
- - - - - - - diff --git a/_posts/2024-08-20-nsight-compute-permission-error.md b/_posts/2024-08-20-nsight-compute-permission-error.md deleted file mode 100644 index 026a6f674542..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-08-20-nsight-compute-permission-error.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: "Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error" -date: 2024-08-20 -description: "Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error" -tags: linux, ubuntu, nvidia, commands -comments: true ---- - -# The Permission Error -If you are running into this error message when using [Nsight-Compute](https://developer.nvidia.com/nsight-compute) - -> The user does not have permission to access NVIDIA GPU Performance Counters on the target device 0. For instructions on enabling permissions and to get more information see https://developer.nvidia.com/ERR_NVGPUCTRPERM - -# The Solution - -1. (sudo required) Create `.conf` file (e.g. `profile.conf`) in folder `/etc/modprobe.d` -2. (sudo required) Open file `/etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf` in any editor -3. (sudo required) Add below line in profile.conf `options nvidia NVreg_RestrictProfilingToAdminUsers=0`, and close file `/etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf` -4. (Optional) On some systems (or when using a package manager to install), it may be necessary to rebuild the initrd after writing a configuration file to `/etc/modprobe.d`. For RedHat-based distributions, rebuild the initrd with `dracut -–regenerate-all -f` -5. (sudo required) Restart your machine -6. (Optional) Check that the value is correctly set to 0: `cat /proc/driver/nvidia/params | grep RmProfilingAdminOnly`, You should see: `RmProfilingAdminOnly: 0` - - -# References -- [https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-development-tools-solutions-err_nvgpuctrperm-permission-issue-performance-counters#AllUsersTag](https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-development-tools-solutions-err_nvgpuctrperm-permission-issue-performance-counters#AllUsersTag) -- [https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/nvprof-warning-the-user-does-not-have-permission-to-profile-on-the-target-device/72374/4](https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/nvprof-warning-the-user-does-not-have-permission-to-profile-on-the-target-device/72374/4) - diff --git a/_posts/2024-10-05-ptrace-not-permitted.md b/_posts/2024-10-05-ptrace-not-permitted.md deleted file mode 100644 index b0ba89da525b..000000000000 --- a/_posts/2024-10-05-ptrace-not-permitted.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: "Solving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB" -date: 2024-10-05 -description: "Solving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB" -tags: linux, ubuntu, commands -comments: true ---- - -# The Permission Error - -If you see this error when attaching the GDB to a process: -> ptrace: Operation not permitted. - -# The Solution - -1. (Temporarily, sudo required) run `echo "0"|sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope` -2. (Permanently, sudo required) editing the file `/etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf` and change the line: `kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1` to `kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0` - -# References -- [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19215177/how-to-solve-ptrace-operation-not-permitted-when-trying-to-attach-gdb-to-a-pro](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19215177/how-to-solve-ptrace-operation-not-permitted-when-trying-to-attach-gdb-to-a-pro) -- [https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/329504/proc-sys-kernel-yama-ptrace-scope-keeps-resetting-to-1](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/329504/proc-sys-kernel-yama-ptrace-scope-keeps-resetting-to-1) - diff --git a/_posts_bak/2015-03-15-formatting-and-links.md b/_posts_bak/2015-03-15-formatting-and-links.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ecd30357aed..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2015-03-15-formatting-and-links.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with formatting and links -date: 2015-03-15 16:40:16 -description: march & april, looking forward to summer -tags: formatting links -categories: sample-posts ---- -Jean shorts raw denim Vice normcore, art party High Life PBR skateboard stumptown vinyl kitsch. Four loko meh 8-bit, tousled banh mi tilde forage Schlitz dreamcatcher twee 3 wolf moon. Chambray asymmetrical paleo salvia, sartorial umami four loko master cleanse drinking vinegar brunch. Pinterest DIY authentic Schlitz, hoodie Intelligentsia butcher trust fund brunch shabby chic Kickstarter forage flexitarian. Direct trade cold-pressed meggings stumptown plaid, pop-up taxidermy. Hoodie XOXO fingerstache scenester Echo Park. Plaid ugh Wes Anderson, freegan pug selvage fanny pack leggings pickled food truck DIY irony Banksy. - -#### Hipster list -
    -
  • brunch
    • -
  • fixie
    • -
  • raybans
    • -
  • messenger bag
    • -
- -Hoodie Thundercats retro, tote bag 8-bit Godard craft beer gastropub. Truffaut Tumblr taxidermy, raw denim Kickstarter sartorial dreamcatcher. Quinoa chambray slow-carb salvia readymade, bicycle rights 90's yr typewriter selfies letterpress cardigan vegan. - -
- -Pug heirloom High Life vinyl swag, single-origin coffee four dollar toast taxidermy reprehenderit fap distillery master cleanse locavore. Est anim sapiente leggings Brooklyn ea. Thundercats locavore excepteur veniam eiusmod. Raw denim Truffaut Schlitz, migas sapiente Portland VHS twee Bushwick Marfa typewriter retro id keytar. - -
- We do not grow absolutely, chronologically. We grow sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly. We grow partially. We are relative. We are mature in one realm, childish in another. - —Anais Nin -
- -Fap aliqua qui, scenester pug Echo Park polaroid irony shabby chic ex cardigan church-key Odd Future accusamus. Blog stumptown sartorial squid, gastropub duis aesthetic Truffaut vero. Pinterest tilde twee, odio mumblecore jean shorts lumbersexual. diff --git a/_posts_bak/2015-05-15-images.md b/_posts_bak/2015-05-15-images.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0729fcb48d78..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2015-05-15-images.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with images -date: 2015-05-15 21:01:00 -description: this is what included images could look like -tags: formatting images -categories: sample-posts ---- -This is an example post with image galleries. - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/9.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/7.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- A simple, elegant caption looks good between image rows, after each row, or doesn't have to be there at all. -
- -Images can be made zoomable. -Simply add `data-zoomable` to `` tags that you want to make zoomable. - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/8.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" zoomable=true %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/10.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" zoomable=true %} -
-
- -The rest of the images in this post are all zoomable, arranged into different mini-galleries. - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" zoomable=true %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/12.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" zoomable=true %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/7.jpg" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" zoomable=true %} -
-
diff --git a/_posts_bak/2015-07-15-code.md b/_posts_bak/2015-07-15-code.md deleted file mode 100644 index 675543df5eda..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2015-07-15-code.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with code -date: 2015-07-15 15:09:00 -description: an example of a blog post with some code -tags: formatting code -categories: sample-posts ---- -This theme implements a built-in Jekyll feature, the use of Rouge, for syntax highlighting. -It supports more than 100 languages. -This example is in C++. -All you have to do is wrap your code in a liquid tag: - -{% raw %} -{% highlight c++ linenos %}
code code code
{% endhighlight %} -{% endraw %} - -The keyword `linenos` triggers display of line numbers. -Produces something like this: - -{% highlight c++ linenos %} - -int main(int argc, char const \*argv[]) -{ - string myString; - - cout << "input a string: "; - getline(cin, myString); - int length = myString.length(); - - char charArray = new char * [length]; - - charArray = myString; - for(int i = 0; i < length; ++i){ - cout << charArray[i] << " "; - } - - return 0; -} - -{% endhighlight %} diff --git a/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-comments.md b/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-comments.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33e08010305f..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-comments.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with comments -date: 2015-10-20 11:59:00-0400 -description: an example of a blog post with comments -comments: true -categories: sample-posts external-services ---- -This post shows how to add DISQUS comments. diff --git a/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-math.md b/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-math.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1fdca4dd216e..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2015-10-20-math.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with math -date: 2015-10-20 11:12:00-0400 -description: an example of a blog post with some math -tags: formatting math -categories: sample-posts ---- -This theme supports rendering beautiful math in inline and display modes using [MathJax 3](https://www.mathjax.org/) engine. You just need to surround your math expression with `$$`, like `$$ E = mc^2 $$`. If you leave it inside a paragraph, it will produce an inline expression, just like $$ E = mc^2 $$. - -To use display mode, again surround your expression with `$$` and place it as a separate paragraph. Here is an example: - -$$ -\sum_{k=1}^\infty |\langle x, e_k \rangle|^2 \leq \|x\|^2 -$$ - -You can also use `\begin{equation}...\end{equation}` instead of `$$` for display mode math. -MathJax will automatically number equations: - -\begin{equation} -\label{eq:cauchy-schwarz} -\left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \right)^2 \leq \left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \right) \left( \sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \right) -\end{equation} - -and by adding `\label{...}` inside the equation environment, we can now refer to the equation using `\eqref`. - -Note that MathJax 3 is [a major re-write of MathJax](https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/upgrading/whats-new-3.0.html) that brought a significant improvement to the loading and rendering speed, which is now [on par with KaTeX](http://www.intmath.com/cg5/katex-mathjax-comparison.php). diff --git a/_posts_bak/2018-12-22-distill.md b/_posts_bak/2018-12-22-distill.md deleted file mode 100644 index b467407cc81e..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2018-12-22-distill.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,277 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: distill -title: a distill-style blog post -description: an example of a distill-style blog post and main elements -date: 2021-05-22 - -authors: - - name: Albert Einstein - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein" - affiliations: - name: IAS, Princeton - - name: Boris Podolsky - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Podolsky" - affiliations: - name: IAS, Princeton - - name: Nathan Rosen - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Rosen" - affiliations: - name: IAS, Princeton - -bibliography: 2018-12-22-distill.bib - -# Optionally, you can add a table of contents to your post. -# NOTES: -# - make sure that TOC names match the actual section names -# for hyperlinks within the post to work correctly. -# - we may want to automate TOC generation in the future using -# jekyll-toc plugin (https://github.com/toshimaru/jekyll-toc). -toc: - - name: Equations - # if a section has subsections, you can add them as follows: - # subsections: - # - name: Example Child Subsection 1 - # - name: Example Child Subsection 2 - - name: Citations - - name: Footnotes - - name: Code Blocks - - name: Layouts - - name: Other Typography? - -# Below is an example of injecting additional post-specific styles. -# If you use this post as a template, delete this _styles block. -_styles: > - .fake-img { - background: #bbb; - border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); - box-shadow: 0 0px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); - margin-bottom: 12px; - } - .fake-img p { - font-family: monospace; - color: white; - text-align: left; - margin: 12px 0; - text-align: center; - font-size: 16px; - } - ---- - -## Equations - -This theme supports rendering beautiful math in inline and display modes using [MathJax 3](https://www.mathjax.org/) engine. -You just need to surround your math expression with `$$`, like `$$ E = mc^2 $$`. -If you leave it inside a paragraph, it will produce an inline expression, just like $$ E = mc^2 $$. - -To use display mode, again surround your expression with `$$` and place it as a separate paragraph. -Here is an example: - -$$ -\left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \right)^2 \leq \left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \right) \left( \sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \right) -$$ - -Note that MathJax 3 is [a major re-write of MathJax](https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/upgrading/whats-new-3.0.html) that brought a significant improvement to the loading and rendering speed, which is now [on par with KaTeX](http://www.intmath.com/cg5/katex-mathjax-comparison.php). - - -*** - -## Citations - -Citations are then used in the article body with the `` tag. -The key attribute is a reference to the id provided in the bibliography. -The key attribute can take multiple ids, separated by commas. - -The citation is presented inline like this: (a number that displays more information on hover). -If you have an appendix, a bibliography is automatically created and populated in it. - -Distill chose a numerical inline citation style to improve readability of citation dense articles and because many of the benefits of longer citations are obviated by displaying more information on hover. -However, we consider it good style to mention author last names if you discuss something at length and it fits into the flow well — the authors are human and it’s nice for them to have the community associate them with their work. - -*** - -## Footnotes - -Just wrap the text you would like to show up in a footnote in a `` tag. -The number of the footnote will be automatically generated.This will become a hoverable footnote. - -*** - -## Code Blocks - -Syntax highlighting is provided within `` tags. -An example of inline code snippets: `let x = 10;`. -For larger blocks of code, add a `block` attribute: - - - var x = 25; - function(x) { - return x * x; - } - - -**Note:** `` blocks do not look good in the dark mode. -You can always use the default code-highlight using the `highlight` liquid tag: - -{% highlight javascript %} -var x = 25; -function(x) { - return x * x; -} -{% endhighlight %} - -*** - -## Layouts - -The main text column is referred to as the body. -It is the assumed layout of any direct descendants of the `d-article` element. - -
-

.l-body

-
- -For images you want to display a little larger, try `.l-page`: - -
-

.l-page

-
- -All of these have an outset variant if you want to poke out from the body text a little bit. -For instance: - -
-

.l-body-outset

-
- -
-

.l-page-outset

-
- -Occasionally you’ll want to use the full browser width. -For this, use `.l-screen`. -You can also inset the element a little from the edge of the browser by using the inset variant. - -
-

.l-screen

-
-
-

.l-screen-inset

-
- -The final layout is for marginalia, asides, and footnotes. -It does not interrupt the normal flow of `.l-body` sized text except on mobile screen sizes. - -
-

.l-gutter

-
- -*** - -## Other Typography? - -Emphasis, aka italics, with *asterisks* (`*asterisks*`) or _underscores_ (`_underscores_`). - -Strong emphasis, aka bold, with **asterisks** or __underscores__. - -Combined emphasis with **asterisks and _underscores_**. - -Strikethrough uses two tildes. ~~Scratch this.~~ - -1. First ordered list item -2. Another item -⋅⋅* Unordered sub-list. -1. Actual numbers don't matter, just that it's a number -⋅⋅1. Ordered sub-list -4. And another item. - -⋅⋅⋅You can have properly indented paragraphs within list items. Notice the blank line above, and the leading spaces (at least one, but we'll use three here to also align the raw Markdown). - -⋅⋅⋅To have a line break without a paragraph, you will need to use two trailing spaces.⋅⋅ -⋅⋅⋅Note that this line is separate, but within the same paragraph.⋅⋅ -⋅⋅⋅(This is contrary to the typical GFM line break behaviour, where trailing spaces are not required.) - -* Unordered list can use asterisks -- Or minuses -+ Or pluses - -[I'm an inline-style link](https://www.google.com) - -[I'm an inline-style link with title](https://www.google.com "Google's Homepage") - -[I'm a reference-style link][Arbitrary case-insensitive reference text] - -[I'm a relative reference to a repository file](../blob/master/LICENSE) - -[You can use numbers for reference-style link definitions][1] - -Or leave it empty and use the [link text itself]. - -URLs and URLs in angle brackets will automatically get turned into links. -http://www.example.com or and sometimes -example.com (but not on Github, for example). - -Some text to show that the reference links can follow later. - -[arbitrary case-insensitive reference text]: https://www.mozilla.org -[1]: http://slashdot.org -[link text itself]: http://www.reddit.com - -Here's our logo (hover to see the title text): - -Inline-style: -![alt text](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/raw/master/src/common/images/icon48.png "Logo Title Text 1") - -Reference-style: -![alt text][logo] - -[logo]: https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/raw/master/src/common/images/icon48.png "Logo Title Text 2" - -Inline `code` has `back-ticks around` it. - -```javascript -var s = "JavaScript syntax highlighting"; -alert(s); -``` - -```python -s = "Python syntax highlighting" -print s -``` - -``` -No language indicated, so no syntax highlighting. -But let's throw in a tag. -``` - -Colons can be used to align columns. - -| Tables | Are | Cool | -| ------------- |:-------------:| -----:| -| col 3 is | right-aligned | $1600 | -| col 2 is | centered | $12 | -| zebra stripes | are neat | $1 | - -There must be at least 3 dashes separating each header cell. -The outer pipes (|) are optional, and you don't need to make the -raw Markdown line up prettily. You can also use inline Markdown. - -Markdown | Less | Pretty ---- | --- | --- -*Still* | `renders` | **nicely** -1 | 2 | 3 - -> Blockquotes are very handy in email to emulate reply text. -> This line is part of the same quote. - -Quote break. - -> This is a very long line that will still be quoted properly when it wraps. Oh boy let's keep writing to make sure this is long enough to actually wrap for everyone. Oh, you can *put* **Markdown** into a blockquote. - - -Here's a line for us to start with. - -This line is separated from the one above by two newlines, so it will be a *separate paragraph*. - -This line is also a separate paragraph, but... -This line is only separated by a single newline, so it's a separate line in the *same paragraph*. diff --git a/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-github-metadata.md b/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-github-metadata.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8eec3fff6eb..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-github-metadata.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with github metadata -date: 2020-09-28 21:01:00 -description: a quick run down on accessing github metadata. -categories: sample-posts external-services ---- - -A sample blog page that demonstrates the accessing of github meta data. - -## What does Github-MetaData do? -* Propagates the site.github namespace with repository metadata -* Setting site variables : - * site.title - * site.description - * site.url - * site.baseurl -* Accessing the metadata - duh. -* Generating edittable links. - -## Additional Reading -* If you're recieving incorrect/missing data, you may need to perform a Github API authentication. -* Go through this README for more details on the topic. -* This page highlights all the feilds you can access with github-metadata. -
- -## Example MetaData -* Host Name : {{ site.github.hostname }} -* URL : {{ site.github.url }} -* BaseURL : {{ site.github.baseurl }} -* Archived : {{ site.github.archived}} -* Contributors : -{% for contributor in site.github.contributors %} - * {{ contributor.login }} -{% endfor %} diff --git a/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-twitter.md b/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-twitter.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7de919155ba5..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2020-09-28-twitter.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with twitter -date: 2020-09-28 11:12:00-0400 -description: an example of a blog post with twitter -tags: formatting -categories: sample-posts external-services ---- -A sample blog page that demonstrates the inclusion of Tweets/Timelines/etc. - -# Tweet -An example of displaying a tweet: -{% twitter https://twitter.com/rubygems/status/518821243320287232 %} - -# Timeline -An example of pulling from a timeline: -{% twitter https://twitter.com/jekyllrb maxwidth=500 limit=3 %} - -# Additional Details -For more details on using the plugin visit: [jekyll-twitter-plugin](https://github.com/rob-murray/jekyll-twitter-plugin) diff --git a/_posts_bak/2021-07-04-diagrams.md b/_posts_bak/2021-07-04-diagrams.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7957fceb0fab..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2021-07-04-diagrams.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,43 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with diagrams -date: 2021-07-04 17:39:00 -description: an example of a blog post with diagrams ---- - -This theme supports generating various diagrams from a text description using [jekyll-diagrams](https://github.com/zhustec/jekyll-diagrams){:target="\_blank"} plugin. -Below, we generate a few examples of such diagrams using languages such as [mermaid](https://mermaid-js.github.io/mermaid/){:target="\_blank"}, [plantuml](https://plantuml.com/){:target="\_blank"}, [vega-lite](https://vega.github.io/vega-lite/){:target="\_blank"}, etc. - -**Note:** different diagram-generation packages require external dependencies to be installed on your machine. -Also, be mindful of that because of diagram generation the fist time you build your Jekyll website after adding new diagrams will be SLOW. -For any other details, please refer to [jekyll-diagrams](https://github.com/zhustec/jekyll-diagrams){:target="\_blank"} README. - - -## Mermaid - -Install mermaid using `node.js` package manager `npm` by running the following command: -```bash -npm install -g mermaid.cli -``` - -The diagram below was generated by the following code: - -{% raw %} -``` -{% mermaid %} -sequenceDiagram - participant John - participant Alice - Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you? - John-->>Alice: Great! -{% endmermaid %} -``` -{% endraw %} - -{% mermaid %} -sequenceDiagram - participant John - participant Alice - Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you? - John-->>Alice: Great! -{% endmermaid %} diff --git a/_posts_bak/2021-09-01-redirect.md b/_posts_bak/2021-09-01-redirect.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29170d855800..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2021-09-01-redirect.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: a post with redirect -date: 2021-07-04 17:39:00 -description: you can also redirect to assets like pdf -redirect: /assets/pdf/example_pdf.pdf ---- diff --git a/_posts_bak/2022-01-09-comments.md b/_posts_bak/2022-01-09-comments.md deleted file mode 100644 index 57232b35a452..000000000000 --- a/_posts_bak/2022-01-09-comments.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: post -title: Leave your comments -date: 2022-01-09 -description: Hi there, welcome to leave a comment here. -comments: true ---- -This post shows how to add DISQUS comments. diff --git a/_projects/1_project.md b/_projects/1_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f7cf7835a6c..000000000000 --- a/_projects/1_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 1 -description: a project with a background image -img: assets/img/12.jpg -importance: 1 -category: work ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/2_project.md b/_projects/2_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index bebf79611b2e..000000000000 --- a/_projects/2_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 2 -description: a project with a background image -img: assets/img/3.jpg -importance: 2 -category: work ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/3DSeg.md b/_projects/3DSeg.md deleted file mode 100644 index d87a8e8310e4..000000000000 --- a/_projects/3DSeg.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: 3D Vision -full_title: "A Unified Point-Based Framework for 3D Segmentation" -authors: Hung-Yueh Chiang, Yen-Liang Lin, Yueh-Cheng Liu, Winston H. Hsu -description: A Unified Point-Based Framework for 3D Segmentation -img: assets/img/publication_preview/jpb.png -importance: 10 -category: research ---- - -
-3DV 2019 -
- -
Hung-Yueh Chiang1, Yen-Liang Lin2, Yueh-Cheng Liu1, Winston H. Hsu1
-
1National Taiwan University -2A9/Amazon
- -
-

[code]   [talk]

-
- - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/jpb/jpb.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -
-

- :rocket: Top performing method in 2019 -

-
- -
- -# Motivations - -
-
-
    -
  • Normal describes object shapes
    • -
  • Color shows object textures
    • -
  • Global scene prior is crucial for semantics, for example, discriminating curtain in living rooms and shower curtain in restrooms
    • -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/jpb/motivation.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- - -# Method Overview - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/jpb/overview.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
-We extract image features by applying a 2D segmentation network and backproject the 2D image features into 3D space. Both 2D image features and 3D point features are concatenated in the same point coordinates. The sub-volume and scene encoder extract the features for local details and global context priors respectively. The decoder fuses the local and global features and generate the semantic predictions for each point in the sub-volume. -
- -
- -# Main Results - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/jpb/main_results.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- -
-Results on ScanNet testing set. Our unified framework outperforms several state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. The gain -comes from jointly optimizing 2D image features, 3D structures and global context in a point-based architecture. With synthetic camera -poses, we can further improve our performance (+1.3% gains) -
-
- -# Citation -{% raw %} -```latex -@inproceedings{chiang2019unified, - title = {A unified point-based framework for 3d segmentation}, - author = {Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Lin, Yen-Liang and Liu, Yueh-Cheng and Hsu, Winston H}, - booktitle = {International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)}, - pages = {155--163}, - year = {2019}, - organization = {IEEE}, -} -``` -{% endraw %} - -
-# Acknowledgements -This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Grant MOST 108-2634-F-002-004 and FIH Mobile Limited. We also benefit from the NVIDIA grants and the DGX-1 AI Supercomputer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_projects/3_project.md b/_projects/3_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3f3cbf70c6dd..000000000000 --- a/_projects/3_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,81 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 3 -description: a project that redirects to another website -img: assets/img/7.jpg -redirect: https://unsplash.com -importance: 3 -category: work ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/4_project.md b/_projects/4_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index edb5dd25a20b..000000000000 --- a/_projects/4_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 4 -description: another without an image -img: -importance: 3 -category: fun ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/5_project.md b/_projects/5_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index efd9b6cfbb60..000000000000 --- a/_projects/5_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 5 -description: a project with a background image -img: assets/img/1.jpg -importance: 3 -category: fun ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/6_project.md b/_projects/6_project.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9a95d6e89d96..000000000000 --- a/_projects/6_project.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,80 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: project 6 -description: a project with no image -img: -importance: 4 -category: fun ---- - -Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. -It's easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. -Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width. - -To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so: - - --- - layout: page - title: project - description: a project with a background image - img: /assets/img/12.jpg - --- - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/1.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/3.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles. -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/5.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- This image can also have a caption. It's like magic. -
- -You can also put regular text between your rows of images. -Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. -You describe how you toiled, sweated, *bled* for your project, and then... you reveal its glory in the next row of images. - - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these. -
- - -The code is simple. -Just wrap your images with `
` and place them inside `
` (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). -To make images responsive, add `img-fluid` class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use `rounded` and `z-depth-1` classes. -Here's the code for the last row of images above: - -{% raw %} -```html -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-``` -{% endraw %} diff --git a/_projects/mobiletl.md b/_projects/mobiletl.md deleted file mode 100644 index 11deac59c7b2..000000000000 --- a/_projects/mobiletl.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,131 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: MobileTL -full_title: "MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks" -authors: Hung-Yueh Chiang, Natalia Frumkin, Feng Liang, Diana Marculescu -description: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks -img: assets/img/publication_preview/mobiletl.png -importance: 9 -category: research ---- - -
-AAAI 2023 -Oral Paper -
- -
Hung-Yueh Chiang, Natalia Frumkin, Feng Liang, Diana Marculescu
-
The University of Texas at Austin
- -
-

[slides]   [poster]   [demo]

-
- - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/mobiletl_main.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -
-

- :rocket: 1.5 × less FLOPS     - :small_red_triangle_down: 2× memory reduction for Inverted Residual Blocks -

-
- -
- -# Motivations - -
-
-
    -
  • IRBs are widely used in mobile-friendly models
    • -
  • IRBs are designed for inference efficiently on edge devices
    • -
  • Training IRB-based models on edge devices is challenging
    • -
  • IRBs require 3× more activation storage for backward pass
    • -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/motivation.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- -# Method - -
    -
  • Freeze low-level layers and fine-tune high-level layers
    • -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/trainable.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
-
    -
  • Freeze global statistics and update bias only for intermediate normalization layers
    • -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/bn_layers.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
-
    -
  • Approximate activation layer’s backward as a signed function
    • -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/act_layers.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -# Overview of a MobileTL Block - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/overview.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
-MobileTL is an efficient training scheme for IRBs. To avoid storing activation maps for two normalization layers after expansion and depthwise convolution, we only train shifts, and freeze scales and global statistics. The weights in convolutional layers are trained as usual. To adapt the distribution to the target dataset, we update the scale, shift, and global statistics for the last normalization layer in the block. MobileTL approximates the backward function of activation layers, e.g., ReLU6 and Hard-Swish, by a signed function, so only a binary mask is stored for activation backward computing. Our method reduces the memory consumption by 46.3% and 53.3% for MobileNetV2 and V3 IRBs. -
- -
- -# Main Results - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/mobiletl/results.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- -
-We experiment MobileTL with Proxyless Mobile (Cai, Zhu, and Han 2019) and transfer to eight downstream tasks. -We compare our method (Prox. MobileTL in orange) with vanilla fine-tuning a few IRBs of the model (Prox. FT-BLKs in grey) -and TinyTL (Cai et al. 2020). MobileTL maintains Pareto optimality for all datasets and improves accuracy over TinyTL in six -out of eight datasets. -
-
- -# Citation -{% raw %} -```latex -@inproceedings{chiang2022mobiletl, - title = {MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks}, - author = {Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Frumkin, Natalia and Liang, Feng and Marculescu, Diana}, - booktitle = {Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}, - year = {2023}, -} -``` -{% endraw %} - -
-# Acknowledgements -This research was supported in part by NSF CCF Grant No. 2107085, NSF CSR Grant No. 1815780, and the UT Cockrell School of Engineering Doctoral Fellowship. Additionally, we thank Po-han Li for his help with the proof. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_projects/quamba.md b/_projects/quamba.md deleted file mode 100644 index 780780df2f79..000000000000 --- a/_projects/quamba.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,91 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: page -title: Quamba -full_title: "Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models" -authors: Hung-Yueh Chiang, Chi-Chih Chang, Natalia Frumkin, Kai-Chiang Wu, Diana Marculescu -description: "Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Mamba" -img: assets/img/publication_preview/quamba_blog.jpg -importance: 1 -category: research ---- - - - -
Hung-Yueh Chiang*1, Chi-Chih Chang*2, Natalia Frumkin1, Kai-Chiang Wu2, Diana Marculescu1
-
1 The University of Texas at Austin, 2National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
-
* Equal contribution
-
- Paper -
- - -
-
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_main.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
-
- -
-

- :zap: 8-bit quantization (W8A8) for Mamba blocks     - :rocket: 1.7 × speedup on Orin Nano 8G     - :small_red_triangle_down: 2× memory reduction -

-
- -
- -# Real-time Generation on Edge GPUs -We compared Quamba 2.8B with Mamba 2.8B on a NVIDIA Orin Nano 8G. Quamba (W8A8) is $$1.7\times$$ faster than Mamba (FP16) on the Nano. The real-time generation speed is shown in the demo. -
-
- {% include gif.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_demo.gif" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- -
-# Long Input Sequences on Edge GPUs -We compared Quamba with an 8-bit transformer on a NVIDIA Orin Nano 8G. Quamba is capable of handling long input sequences (over 8k tokens) with limited memory and computational resources on edge devices. -
-
- {% include gif.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_opt.gif" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- - -
-# Zero-shot Accuracy -Zero-shot accuracy of quantized models on six common sense tasks. Quamba is a *static per-tensor* quantization method that closes the performance gap and outperforms the same-sized -Transformers (Pythia) in accuracy. (**Bold** is the best, and underline is the second best.) - -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_zeroshot.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- -
-# Perplexity Evaluation -
-
- Perplexity results of different quantization methods applied on Mamba families. We evaluate the quantized models on a subset of Pile and Wikitext2 datasets. SmQ stands for SmoothQuant. Quamba is a static per-tensor quantization method that closes the performance gap in terms of perplexity and outperforms the same-sized Transformers (Pythia). -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_ppl.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- - -
-# Quantizing Jamba: A Large-Scale Hybrid Mamba-Transformer LLM -
-
- Jamba is a hybrid transformer-mamba language model with 52B parameters, built with Self-attention, Mixture of Experts (MoE), and Mamba blocks. We experiment and combine off-the-shelf quantization methods with our method. The zero-shot LAMBADA accuracy is reported. -
-
- {% include figure.html path="assets/img/projects/quamba/quamba_jamba.png" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %} -
-
- diff --git a/_sass/_base.scss b/_sass/_base.scss deleted file mode 100644 index 684d6684010d..000000000000 --- a/_sass/_base.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,736 +0,0 @@ -/******************************************************************************* - * Styles for the base elements of the theme. - ******************************************************************************/ - -// Typography - -p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, em, div, li, span, strong { - color: var(--global-text-color); -} - -hr { - border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); -} - -table { - td, th { - color: var(--global-text-color); - } - td { - font-size: 1rem; - } -} - -a, table.table a { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - text-decoration: underline; - } - &:hover:after :not(.nav-item.dropdown) { - width: 100%; - } -} - -figure, img { - max-width: 90vw; -} - -blockquote { - background: var(--global-bg-color); - border-left: 2px solid var(--global-theme-color); - margin: 1.5em 10px; - padding: 0.5em 10px; - font-size: 1.2rem; -} - -// Math - -.equation { - margin-bottom: 1rem; - text-align: center; -} - -// Caption - -.post-title { - font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; - margin-top: 0.75rem; - margin-bottom: 1.5rem; - text-align: center; -} - -.authors { - font-size: 1.2rem; - font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; - text-align: center; -} - -.caption { - font-size: 1.0 rem; - margin-top: 0.75rem; - margin-bottom: 1.5rem; - text-align: center; -} - - -// Card - -.card { - background-color: var(--global-card-bg-color); - - img { - width: 100%; - } - - .card-title { - color: var(--global-text-color); - text-align: center; - } - - .card-item { - width: auto; - margin-bottom: 10px; - - .row { - display: flex; - align-items: center; - } - } -} - -// Citation - -.citation, .citation-number { - color: var(--global-theme-color); -} - -// Profile - -.profile { - width: 100%; - - .address { - margin-bottom: 5px; - margin-top: 5px; - font-family: monospace; - p { - display: inline-block; - margin: 0; - } - } -} -.profile.float-right{ - margin-left: 1rem; -} -.profile.float-left{ - margin-right: 1rem; -} - -@media (min-width: 576px) { - .profile { - width: 30%; - .address { - p { display: block; } - } - } -} - -.post-description { - margin-bottom: 2rem; - font-size: 0.875rem; - a { - color: inherit; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - text-decoration: none; - } - } -} - - -// Navbar customization - -.navbar { - box-shadow: none; - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - background-color: var(--global-bg-color); - opacity: 0.95; -} -.navbar .dropdown-menu { - background-color: var(--global-bg-color); - border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - a:not(.active) { - color: var(--global-text-color); - } - a:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color); - } - .dropdown-divider { - border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color) !important; - } -} -.dropdown-item { - color: var(--global-text-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color); - background-color: var(--global-bg-color); - } -} -.navbar.navbar-light { - a { - &:hover { - text-decoration: none; - } - } - .navbar-brand { - color: var(--global-text-color); - } - .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link { - color: var(--global-text-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color); - } - } - .navbar-nav .nav-item.active>.nav-link { - background-color: inherit; - font-weight: bolder; - color: var(--global-theme-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color); - } - } - .navbar-brand.social { - padding-bottom: 0; - padding-top: 0; - font-size: 1.7rem; - a { - i::before { - color: var(--global-text-color); - transition-property: all 0.2s ease-in-out; - } - &:hover { - i::before { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } - } -} - -.navbar-toggler { - .icon-bar { - display: block; - width: 22px; - height: 2px; - background-color: var(--global-text-color); - border-radius: 1px; - margin-bottom: 4px; - transition: all 0.2s; - } - .top-bar { - transform: rotate(45deg); - transform-origin: 10% 10%; - } - .middle-bar { - opacity: 0; - } - .bottom-bar { - transform: rotate(-45deg); - transform-origin: 10% 90%; - } -} - -.navbar-toggler.collapsed { - .top-bar { - transform: rotate(0); - } - .middle-bar { - opacity: 1; - } - .bottom-bar { - transform: rotate(0); - } -} - -#light-toggle { - padding: 0; - border: 0; - background-color: inherit; - color: var(--global-text-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color); - } -} - -// Social (bottom) - -.social { - text-align: left; - .contact-icons { - font-size: 2rem; - a { - i::before { - color: var(--global-text-color); - transition-property: all 0.2s ease-in-out; - } - &:hover { - i::before { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } - } - .contact-note { - font-size: 0.8rem; - } -} - - -// Footer -footer.fixed-bottom { - background-color: var(--global-footer-bg-color); - font-size: 0.75rem; - .container { - color: var(--global-footer-text-color); - padding-top: 9px; - padding-bottom: 8px; - } - a { - color: var(--global-footer-link-color); - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - text-decoration: none; - } - } -} - -footer.sticky-bottom { - border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - padding-top: 40px; - padding-bottom: 40px; - font-size: 0.9rem; -} - -// CV - -.cv { - margin-bottom: 40px; - - .card { - background-color: var(--global-card-bg-color); - border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - - .list-group-item { - background-color: inherit; - border-color: var(--global-divider-color); - - .badge { - color: var(--global-card-bg-color) !important; - background-color: var(--global-theme-color) !important; - } - } - } -} - -// Repositories - -@media (min-width: 768px) { - .repo { - max-width: 50%; - } -} - -// Blog - -.header-bar { - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - text-align: center; - padding-top: 2rem; - padding-bottom: 3rem; - h1 { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - font-size: 5rem; - } -} - -.tag-list { - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - text-align: center; - padding-top: 1rem; - - ul { - justify-content: center; - display: flow-root; - - p, li { - list-style: none; - display: inline-block; - padding: 1rem 0.5rem; - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - } - } -} - -.post-list { - margin: 0; - margin-bottom: 40px; - padding: 0; - li { - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - list-style: none; - padding-top: 2rem; - padding-bottom: 2rem; - .post-meta { - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - font-size: 0.875rem; - margin-bottom: 0; - } - .post-tags { - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - font-size: 0.875rem; - padding-top: 0.25rem; - padding-bottom: 0; - } - a { - color: var(--global-text-color); - text-decoration: none; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } -} - -.pagination { - .page-item { - .page-link { - color: var(--global-text-color); - &:hover { - color: $black-color; - } - } - &.active .page-link { - color: $white-color; - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - &:hover { - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } -} - - -// Distill - -.distill { - a:hover { - border-bottom-color: var(--global-theme-color); - text-decoration: none; - } -} - - -// Projects - -.projects { - a { - text-decoration: none; - - &:hover { - .card-title { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } - - .card { - img { - width: 100%; - } - } - - .card-item { - width: auto; - margin-bottom: 10px; - - .row { - display: flex; - align-items: center; - } - } - - .grid-sizer, .grid-item { - width: 250px; - margin-bottom: 10px; - } - - h2.category { - color: var(--global-divider-color); - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - padding-top: 0.5rem; - margin-top: 2rem; - margin-bottom: 1rem; - text-align: right; - } -} - - -// Publications - -.publications { - margin-top: 2rem; - h1 { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - font-size: 2rem; - text-align: center; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - } - h2 { - margin-bottom: 1rem; - span { - font-size: 1.5rem; - } - } - h2.year { - color: var(--global-divider-color); - border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - padding-top: 1rem; - margin-top: 2rem; - margin-bottom: -2rem; - text-align: right; - } - ol.bibliography { - list-style: none; - padding: 0; - margin-top: 0; - - li { - margin-bottom: 1rem; - .preview { - width: 100%; - min-width: 80px; - max-width: 300px; - min-height:140px; - max-height:160px; - } - .abbr { - height: 1.5rem; - margin-bottom: 0.1rem; - abbr { - display: inline-block; - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - padding-left: 1rem; - padding-right: 1rem; - text-align: center; - width: 100px; - a { - color: white; - &:hover { - text-decoration: none; - } - } - } - .award { - color: var(--global-theme-color) !important; - border: 1px solid var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - .title { - font-weight: bolder; - } - .author { - a { - border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-theme-color); - &:hover { - border-bottom-style: solid; - text-decoration: none; - } - } - > em { - border-bottom: 1px solid; - font-style: normal; - } - > span.more-authors { - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-text-color-light); - cursor: pointer; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-text-color); - border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-text-color); - } - } - } - .links { - a.btn { - color: var(--global-text-color); - border: 1px solid var(--global-text-color); - padding-left: 1rem; - padding-right: 1rem; - padding-top: 0.25rem; - padding-bottom: 0.25rem; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - border-color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } - .hidden { - font-size: 0.875rem; - max-height: 0px; - overflow: hidden; - text-align: justify; - transition-property: 0.15s ease; - -moz-transition: 0.15s ease; - -ms-transition: 0.15s ease; - -o-transition: 0.15s ease; - transition: all 0.15s ease; - - p { - line-height: 1.4em; - margin: 10px; - } - pre { - font-size: 1em; - line-height: 1.4em; - padding: 10px; - } - } - .hidden.open { - max-height: 100em; - transition-property: 0.15s ease; - -moz-transition: 0.15s ease; - -ms-transition: 0.15s ease; - -o-transition: 0.15s ease; - transition: all 0.15s ease; - } - div.abstract.hidden { - border: dashed 1px var(--global-bg-color); - } - div.abstract.hidden.open { - border-color: var(--global-text-color); - } - } - } -} - -// Rouge Color Customization -figure.highlight { - margin: 0 0 1rem; -} - -pre { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - background-color: var(--global-code-bg-color); - border-radius: 6px; - padding: 6px 12px; - pre, code { - background-color: transparent; - border-radius: 0; - padding: 0; - } -} - -code { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - background-color: var(--global-code-bg-color); - border-radius: 3px; - padding: 3px 3px; -} - - -// Transitioning Themes -html.transition, -html.transition *, -html.transition *:before, -html.transition *:after { - transition: all 750ms !important; - transition-delay: 0 !important; -} - -// Extra Markdown style (post Customization) -.post{ - .post-meta{ - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - font-size: 0.875rem; - margin-bottom: 0; - } - .post-tags{ - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - font-size: 0.875rem; - padding-top: 0.25rem; - padding-bottom: 1rem; - a { - color: var(--global-text-color-light); - text-decoration: none; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - } - } - .post-content{ - blockquote { - border-left: 5px solid var(--global-theme-color); - padding: 8px; - } - p { - font-size:1.2em; - } - } -} - -progress { - /* Positioning */ - position: fixed; - left: 0; - top: 56px; - z-index: 10; - - /* Dimensions */ - width: 100%; - height: 1px; - - /* Reset the appearance */ - -webkit-appearance: none; - -moz-appearance: none; - appearance: none; - - /* Get rid of the default border in Firefox/Opera. */ - border: none; - - /* Progress bar container for Firefox/IE10 */ - background-color: transparent; - - /* Progress bar value for IE10 */ - color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - - progress::-webkit-progress-bar { - background-color: transparent; - } - - progress::-webkit-progress-value { - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - - progress::-moz-progress-bar { - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - } - - .progress-container { - width: 100%; - background-color: transparent; - position: fixed; - top: 56px; - left: 0; - height: 5px; - display: block; - } - - .progress-bar { - background-color: var(--global-theme-color); - width: 0%; - display: block; - height: inherit; - } diff --git a/_sass/_distill.scss b/_sass/_distill.scss deleted file mode 100644 index d83fafd4263a..000000000000 --- a/_sass/_distill.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,126 +0,0 @@ -/******************************************************************************* - * Style overrides for distill blog posts. - ******************************************************************************/ - -d-byline { - border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important; -} - -d-byline h3 { - color: var(--global-text-color) !important; -} - -d-byline a, d-article d-byline a { - color: var(--global-text-color) !important; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color) !important; - } -} - -d-article { - border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important; - a, p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, li, table { - color: var(--global-text-color) !important; - } - a, h1, h2, hr, table, table th, table td { - border-bottom-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important; - } - a:hover { - border-bottom-color: var(--global-hover-color) !important; - } - b i { - display: inline; - } - - d-contents { - align-self: start; - grid-column: 1 / 4; - grid-row: auto / span 4; - justify-self: end; - margin-top: 0em; - padding-left: 2em; - padding-right: 3em; - border-right: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - width: calc(max(70%, 300px)); - margin-right: 0px; - margin-top: 0em; - display: grid; - grid-template-columns: - minmax(8px, 1fr) [toc] auto - minmax(8px, 1fr) [toc-line] 1px - minmax(32px, 2fr); - - nav { - grid-column: toc; - a { - border-bottom: none !important; - &:hover { - border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-text-color) !important; - } - } - h3 { - margin-top: 0; - margin-bottom: 1em; - } - div { - display: block; - outline: none; - margin-bottom: 0.8em; - color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); - font-weight: bold; - } - ul { - padding-left: 1em; - margin-top: 0; - margin-bottom: 6px; - list-style-type: none; - li { - margin-bottom: 0.25em; - } - } - } - .figcaption { - line-height: 1.4em; - } - toc-line { - border-right: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - grid-column: toc-line; - } - } - - d-footnote { - scroll-margin-top: 66px; - } -} - -d-appendix { - border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important; - color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important; - h3, li, span { - color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important; - } - a, a.footnote-backlink { - color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important; - &:hover { - color: var(--global-hover-color) !important; - } - } -} - -@media (max-width: 1024px) { - d-article { - d-contents { - display: block; - grid-column-start: 2; - grid-column-end: -2; - padding-bottom: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - padding-top: 0.5em; - width: 100%; - border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color); - nav { - grid-column: none; - } - } - } -} diff --git a/_sass/_layout.scss b/_sass/_layout.scss deleted file mode 100644 index 9c10cac70df1..000000000000 --- a/_sass/_layout.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -/****************************************************************************** - * Content - ******************************************************************************/ - -body { - padding-bottom: 70px; - color: var(--global-text-color); - background-color: var(--global-bg-color); - - h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { - scroll-margin-top: 66px; - } -} - -body.fixed-top-nav { - // Add some padding for the nav-bar. - padding-top: 56px; -} - -body.sticky-bottom-footer { - // Remove padding below footer. - padding-bottom: 0; -} - -.container { - max-width: $max-content-width; -} - -// Profile -.profile { - img { - width: 100%; - } -} - -// TODO: redefine content layout. - - -/****************************************************************************** - * Publications - ******************************************************************************/ - -// TODO: redefine publications layout. - - -/***************************************************************************** -* Projects -*****************************************************************************/ - -// TODO: redefine projects layout. diff --git a/_sass/_themes.scss b/_sass/_themes.scss deleted file mode 100644 index 3fde88f80b15..000000000000 --- a/_sass/_themes.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,65 +0,0 @@ -/******************************************************************************* - * Themes - ******************************************************************************/ - -:root { - --global-bg-color: #{$white-color}; - --global-code-bg-color: #{$code-bg-color-light}; - --global-text-color: #{$black-color}; - --global-text-color-light: #{$grey-color}; - --global-theme-color: #{$orange-color-dark}; - --global-hover-color: #{$orange-color-light}; - --global-footer-bg-color: #{$grey-color-dark}; - --global-footer-text-color: #{$grey-color-light}; - --global-footer-link-color: #{$white-color}; - --global-distill-app-color: #{$grey-color}; - --global-divider-color: rgba(0,0,0,.1); - --global-card-bg-color: #{$white-color}; - - .fa-sun { - display : none; - } - .fa-moon { - padding-left: 10px; - padding-top: 12px; - display : block; - } - - .repo-img-light { - display: block; - } - .repo-img-dark { - display: none; - } -} - -html[data-theme='dark'] { - --global-bg-color: #{$grey-color-dark}; - --global-code-bg-color: #{$code-bg-color-dark}; - --global-text-color: #{$grey-color-light}; - --global-text-color-light: #{$grey-color-light}; - --global-theme-color: #{$cyan-color}; - --global-hover-color: #{$cyan-color}; - --global-footer-bg-color: #{$grey-color-light}; - --global-footer-text-color: #{$grey-color-dark}; - --global-footer-link-color: #{$black-color}; - --global-distill-app-color: #{$grey-color-light}; - --global-divider-color: #424246; - --global-card-bg-color: #{$grey-900}; - - .fa-sun { - padding-left: 10px; - padding-top: 12px; - display : block; - } - .fa-moon { - display : none; - } - - .repo-img-light { - display: none; - } - .repo-img-dark { - display: block; - } -} diff --git a/_sass/_variables.scss b/_sass/_variables.scss deleted file mode 100644 index feb4ecb70f47..000000000000 --- a/_sass/_variables.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -/******************************************************************************* - * Variables used throughout the theme. - * To adjust anything, simply edit the variables below and rebuild the theme. - ******************************************************************************/ - - -// Colors -$red-color: #FF3636 !default; -$red-color-dark: #B71C1C !default; -$orange-color: #F29105 !default; -$orange-color-light: #F8971F !default; // UT light orange -$orange-color-dark: #BF5700 !default; // UT dark orange -$blue-color: #0076df !default; -$blue-color-dark: #00369f !default; -$cyan-color: #2698BA !default; -$light-cyan-color: lighten($cyan-color, 25%); -$green-color: #00ab37 !default; -$green-color-lime: #B7D12A !default; -$green-color-dark: #009f06 !default; -$green-color-light: #ddffdd !default; -$green-color-bright: #11D68B !default; -$purple-color: #B509AC !default; -$light-purple-color: lighten($purple-color, 25%); -$pink-color: #f92080 !default; -$pink-color-light: #ffdddd !default; -$yellow-color: #efcc00 !default; - -$grey-color: #828282 !default; -$grey-color-light: lighten($grey-color, 40%); -$grey-color-dark: #1C1C1D; -$grey-900: #212529; - -$white-color: #ffffff !default; -$black-color: #000000 !default; - - -// Theme colors - -$code-bg-color-light: rgba($purple-color, 0.05); -$code-bg-color-dark: #2c3237 !default; diff --git a/assets/css/main.css b/assets/css/main.css new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..efd1e1caa6a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/css/main.css @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +:root{--global-bg-color:#fff;--global-code-bg-color:rgba(181,9,172,0.05);--global-text-color:#000;--global-text-color-light:#828282;--global-theme-color:#bf5700;--global-hover-color:#f8971f;--global-footer-bg-color:#1c1c1d;--global-footer-text-color:#e8e8e8;--global-footer-link-color:#fff;--global-distill-app-color:#828282;--global-divider-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);--global-card-bg-color:#fff}:root .fa-sun{display:none}:root .fa-moon{padding-left:10px;padding-top:12px;display:block}:root .repo-img-light{display:block}:root .repo-img-dark{display:none}html[data-theme=dark]{--global-bg-color:#1c1c1d;--global-code-bg-color:#2c3237;--global-text-color:#e8e8e8;--global-text-color-light:#e8e8e8;--global-theme-color:#2698ba;--global-hover-color:#2698ba;--global-footer-bg-color:#e8e8e8;--global-footer-text-color:#1c1c1d;--global-footer-link-color:#000;--global-distill-app-color:#e8e8e8;--global-divider-color:#424246;--global-card-bg-color:#212529}html[data-theme=dark] .fa-sun{padding-left:10px;padding-top:12px;display:block}html[data-theme=dark] .fa-moon{display:none}html[data-theme=dark] .repo-img-light{display:none}html[data-theme=dark] .repo-img-dark{display:block}body{padding-bottom:70px;color:var(--global-text-color);background-color:var(--global-bg-color)}body h1,body h2,body h3,body h4,body h5,body h6{scroll-margin-top:66px}body.fixed-top-nav{padding-top:56px}body.sticky-bottom-footer{padding-bottom:0}.container{max-width:1000px}.profile img{width:100%}p,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,em,div,li,span,strong{color:var(--global-text-color)}hr{border-top:1px solid var(--global-divider-color)}table td,table th{color:var(--global-text-color)}table td{font-size:1rem}a,table.table a{color:var(--global-theme-color)}a:hover,table.table a:hover{color:var(--global-theme-color);text-decoration:underline}a:hover:after :not(.nav-item.dropdown),table.table a:hover:after :not(.nav-item.dropdown){width:100%}figure,img{max-width:90vw}blockquote{background:var(--global-bg-color);border-left:2px solid var(--global-theme-color);margin:1.5em 10px;padding:.5em 10px;font-size:1.2rem}.equation{margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:center}.post-title{font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;text-align:center}.authors{font-size:1.2rem;font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;text-align:center}.caption{font-size:1 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* Variables used throughout the theme.\n * To adjust anything, simply edit the variables below and rebuild the theme.\n ******************************************************************************/\n\n\n// Colors\n$red-color: #FF3636 !default;\n$red-color-dark: #B71C1C !default;\n$orange-color: #F29105 !default;\n$orange-color-light: #F8971F !default; // UT light orange\n$orange-color-dark: #BF5700 !default; // UT dark orange\n$blue-color: #0076df !default;\n$blue-color-dark: #00369f !default;\n$cyan-color: #2698BA !default;\n$light-cyan-color: lighten($cyan-color, 25%);\n$green-color: #00ab37 !default;\n$green-color-lime: #B7D12A !default;\n$green-color-dark: #009f06 !default;\n$green-color-light: #ddffdd !default;\n$green-color-bright: #11D68B !default;\n$purple-color: #B509AC !default;\n$light-purple-color: lighten($purple-color, 25%);\n$pink-color: #f92080 !default;\n$pink-color-light: #ffdddd !default;\n$yellow-color: #efcc00 !default;\n\n$grey-color: #828282 !default;\n$grey-color-light: lighten($grey-color, 40%);\n$grey-color-dark: #1C1C1D;\n$grey-900: #212529;\n\n$white-color: #ffffff !default;\n$black-color: #000000 !default;\n\n\n// Theme colors\n\n$code-bg-color-light: rgba($purple-color, 0.05);\n$code-bg-color-dark: #2c3237 !default;\n","/*******************************************************************************\r\n * Themes\r\n ******************************************************************************/\r\n \r\n:root {\r\n --global-bg-color: #{$white-color};\r\n --global-code-bg-color: #{$code-bg-color-light};\r\n --global-text-color: #{$black-color};\r\n --global-text-color-light: #{$grey-color};\r\n --global-theme-color: #{$orange-color-dark};\r\n --global-hover-color: #{$orange-color-light};\r\n --global-footer-bg-color: #{$grey-color-dark};\r\n --global-footer-text-color: #{$grey-color-light};\r\n --global-footer-link-color: #{$white-color};\r\n --global-distill-app-color: #{$grey-color};\r\n --global-divider-color: rgba(0,0,0,.1);\r\n --global-card-bg-color: #{$white-color};\r\n\r\n .fa-sun {\r\n display : none;\r\n }\r\n .fa-moon {\r\n padding-left: 10px;\r\n padding-top: 12px;\r\n display : block;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .repo-img-light {\r\n display: block;\r\n }\r\n .repo-img-dark {\r\n display: none;\r\n }\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml[data-theme='dark'] {\r\n --global-bg-color: #{$grey-color-dark};\r\n --global-code-bg-color: #{$code-bg-color-dark};\r\n --global-text-color: #{$grey-color-light};\r\n --global-text-color-light: #{$grey-color-light};\r\n --global-theme-color: #{$cyan-color};\r\n --global-hover-color: #{$cyan-color};\r\n --global-footer-bg-color: #{$grey-color-light};\r\n --global-footer-text-color: #{$grey-color-dark};\r\n --global-footer-link-color: #{$black-color};\r\n --global-distill-app-color: #{$grey-color-light};\r\n --global-divider-color: #424246;\r\n --global-card-bg-color: #{$grey-900};\r\n\r\n .fa-sun {\r\n padding-left: 10px;\r\n padding-top: 12px;\r\n display : block;\r\n }\r\n .fa-moon {\r\n display : none;\r\n }\r\n\r\n .repo-img-light {\r\n display: none;\r\n }\r\n .repo-img-dark {\r\n display: block;\r\n }\r\n}\r\n","/******************************************************************************\n * Content\n ******************************************************************************/\n\nbody {\n padding-bottom: 70px;\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n background-color: var(--global-bg-color);\n\n h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {\n scroll-margin-top: 66px;\n }\n}\n\nbody.fixed-top-nav {\n // Add some padding for the nav-bar.\n padding-top: 56px;\n}\n\nbody.sticky-bottom-footer {\n // Remove padding below footer.\n padding-bottom: 0;\n}\n\n.container {\n max-width: $max-content-width;\n}\n\n// Profile\n.profile {\n img {\n width: 100%;\n }\n}\n\n// TODO: redefine content layout.\n\n\n/******************************************************************************\n * Publications\n ******************************************************************************/\n\n// TODO: redefine publications layout.\n\n\n/*****************************************************************************\n* Projects\n*****************************************************************************/\n\n// TODO: redefine projects layout.\n","@charset \"utf-8\";\n\n// Dimensions\n$max-content-width: 1000px;\n\n@import\n \"variables\",\n \"themes\",\n \"layout\",\n \"base\",\n \"distill\"\n;\n","/*******************************************************************************\n * Styles for the base elements of the theme.\n ******************************************************************************/\n\n// Typography\n\np, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, em, div, li, span, strong {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n}\n\nhr {\n border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n}\n\ntable {\n td, th {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n }\n td {\n font-size: 1rem;\n }\n}\n\na, table.table a {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n text-decoration: underline;\n }\n &:hover:after :not(.nav-item.dropdown) {\n width: 100%;\n }\n}\n\nfigure, img {\n max-width: 90vw;\n}\n\nblockquote {\n background: var(--global-bg-color);\n border-left: 2px solid var(--global-theme-color);\n margin: 1.5em 10px;\n padding: 0.5em 10px;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n}\n\n// Math\n\n.equation {\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n// Caption\n\n.post-title {\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;\n margin-top: 0.75rem;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n.authors {\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n font-family: \"Times New Roman\", Times, serif;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n.caption {\n font-size: 1.0 rem;\n margin-top: 0.75rem;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n\n// Card\n\n.card {\n background-color: var(--global-card-bg-color);\n\n img {\n width: 100%;\n }\n\n .card-title {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .card-item {\n width: auto;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n\n .row {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Citation\n\n.citation, .citation-number {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n}\n\n// Profile\n\n.profile {\n width: 100%;\n\n .address {\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n margin-top: 5px;\n font-family: monospace;\n p {\n display: inline-block;\n margin: 0;\n }\n }\n}\n.profile.float-right{\n margin-left: 1rem;\n}\n.profile.float-left{\n margin-right: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media (min-width: 576px) {\n .profile {\n width: 30%;\n .address {\n p { display: block; }\n }\n }\n}\n\n.post-description {\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n a {\n color: inherit;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n }\n}\n\n\n// Navbar customization\n\n.navbar {\n box-shadow: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n background-color: var(--global-bg-color);\n opacity: 0.95;\n}\n.navbar .dropdown-menu {\n background-color: var(--global-bg-color);\n border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n a:not(.active) {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n }\n a:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color);\n }\n .dropdown-divider {\n border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color) !important;\n }\n}\n.dropdown-item {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color);\n background-color: var(--global-bg-color);\n }\n}\n.navbar.navbar-light {\n a {\n &:hover {\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n }\n .navbar-brand {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n }\n .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color);\n }\n }\n .navbar-nav .nav-item.active>.nav-link {\n background-color: inherit;\n font-weight: bolder;\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color);\n }\n }\n .navbar-brand.social {\n padding-bottom: 0;\n padding-top: 0;\n font-size: 1.7rem;\n a {\n i::before {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n transition-property: all 0.2s ease-in-out;\n }\n &:hover {\n i::before {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n.navbar-toggler {\n .icon-bar {\n display: block;\n width: 22px;\n height: 2px;\n background-color: var(--global-text-color);\n border-radius: 1px;\n margin-bottom: 4px;\n transition: all 0.2s;\n }\n .top-bar {\n transform: rotate(45deg);\n transform-origin: 10% 10%;\n }\n .middle-bar {\n opacity: 0;\n }\n .bottom-bar {\n transform: rotate(-45deg);\n transform-origin: 10% 90%;\n }\n}\n\n.navbar-toggler.collapsed {\n .top-bar {\n transform: rotate(0);\n }\n .middle-bar {\n opacity: 1;\n }\n .bottom-bar {\n transform: rotate(0);\n }\n}\n\n#light-toggle {\n padding: 0;\n border: 0;\n background-color: inherit;\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color);\n }\n}\n\n// Social (bottom)\n\n.social {\n text-align: left;\n .contact-icons {\n font-size: 2rem;\n a {\n i::before {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n transition-property: all 0.2s ease-in-out;\n }\n &:hover {\n i::before {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n }\n .contact-note {\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n }\n}\n\n\n// Footer\nfooter.fixed-bottom {\n background-color: var(--global-footer-bg-color);\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n .container {\n color: var(--global-footer-text-color);\n padding-top: 9px;\n padding-bottom: 8px;\n }\n a {\n color: var(--global-footer-link-color);\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n }\n}\n\nfooter.sticky-bottom {\n border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n padding-top: 40px;\n padding-bottom: 40px;\n font-size: 0.9rem;\n}\n\n// CV\n\n.cv {\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n \n .card {\n background-color: var(--global-card-bg-color);\n border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n \n .list-group-item {\n background-color: inherit;\n border-color: var(--global-divider-color);\n\n .badge {\n color: var(--global-card-bg-color) !important;\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color) !important;\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Repositories\n\n@media (min-width: 768px) {\n .repo {\n max-width: 50%;\n }\n}\n\n// Blog\n\n.header-bar {\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n text-align: center;\n padding-top: 2rem;\n padding-bottom: 3rem;\n h1 {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n font-size: 5rem;\n }\n}\n\n.tag-list {\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n text-align: center;\n padding-top: 1rem;\n\n ul {\n justify-content: center;\n display: flow-root;\n\n p, li {\n list-style: none;\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 1rem 0.5rem;\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n }\n }\n}\n\n.post-list {\n margin: 0;\n margin-bottom: 40px;\n padding: 0;\n li {\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n list-style: none;\n padding-top: 2rem;\n padding-bottom: 2rem;\n .post-meta {\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n .post-tags {\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n padding-top: 0.25rem;\n padding-bottom: 0;\n }\n a {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n text-decoration: none;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n.pagination {\n .page-item {\n .page-link {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n &:hover {\n color: $black-color;\n }\n }\n &.active .page-link {\n color: $white-color;\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n &:hover {\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n\n// Distill\n\n.distill {\n a:hover {\n border-bottom-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n}\n\n\n// Projects\n\n.projects {\n a {\n text-decoration: none;\n\n &:hover {\n .card-title {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n\n .card {\n img {\n width: 100%;\n }\n }\n\n .card-item {\n width: auto;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n\n .row {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n }\n }\n\n .grid-sizer, .grid-item {\n width: 250px;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n }\n\n h2.category {\n color: var(--global-divider-color);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n padding-top: 0.5rem;\n margin-top: 2rem;\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n text-align: right;\n }\n}\n\n\n// Publications\n\n.publications {\n margin-top: 2rem;\n h1 {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n font-size: 2rem;\n text-align: center;\n margin-top: 1em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n }\n h2 {\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n span {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n }\n }\n h2.year {\n color: var(--global-divider-color);\n border-top: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n padding-top: 1rem;\n margin-top: 2rem;\n margin-bottom: -2rem;\n text-align: right;\n }\n ol.bibliography {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n margin-top: 0;\n\n li {\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n .preview {\n width: 100%;\n min-width: 80px;\n max-width: 300px;\n min-height:140px;\n max-height:160px;\n }\n .abbr {\n height: 1.5rem;\n margin-bottom: 0.1rem;\n abbr {\n display: inline-block;\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n padding-left: 1rem;\n padding-right: 1rem;\n text-align: center;\n width: 100px;\n a {\n color: white;\n &:hover {\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n }\n }\n .award {\n color: var(--global-theme-color) !important;\n border: 1px solid var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n .title {\n font-weight: bolder;\n }\n .author {\n a {\n border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-theme-color);\n &:hover {\n border-bottom-style: solid;\n text-decoration: none;\n }\n }\n > em {\n border-bottom: 1px solid;\n font-style: normal;\n }\n > span.more-authors {\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-text-color-light);\n cursor: pointer;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--global-text-color);\n }\n }\n }\n .links {\n a.btn {\n color: var(--global-text-color);\n border: 1px solid var(--global-text-color);\n padding-left: 1rem;\n padding-right: 1rem;\n padding-top: 0.25rem;\n padding-bottom: 0.25rem;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n border-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n .hidden {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n max-height: 0px;\n overflow: hidden;\n text-align: justify;\n transition-property: 0.15s ease;\n -moz-transition: 0.15s ease;\n -ms-transition: 0.15s ease;\n -o-transition: 0.15s ease;\n transition: all 0.15s ease;\n\n p {\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin: 10px;\n }\n pre {\n font-size: 1em;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n padding: 10px;\n }\n }\n .hidden.open {\n max-height: 100em;\n transition-property: 0.15s ease;\n -moz-transition: 0.15s ease;\n -ms-transition: 0.15s ease;\n -o-transition: 0.15s ease;\n transition: all 0.15s ease;\n }\n div.abstract.hidden {\n border: dashed 1px var(--global-bg-color);\n }\n div.abstract.hidden.open {\n border-color: var(--global-text-color);\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Rouge Color Customization\nfigure.highlight {\n margin: 0 0 1rem;\n}\n\npre {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n background-color: var(--global-code-bg-color);\n border-radius: 6px;\n padding: 6px 12px;\n pre, code {\n background-color: transparent;\n border-radius: 0;\n padding: 0;\n }\n}\n\ncode {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n background-color: var(--global-code-bg-color);\n border-radius: 3px;\n padding: 3px 3px;\n}\n\n\n// Transitioning Themes\nhtml.transition,\nhtml.transition *,\nhtml.transition *:before,\nhtml.transition *:after {\n transition: all 750ms !important;\n transition-delay: 0 !important;\n}\n\n// Extra Markdown style (post Customization)\n.post{\n .post-meta{\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n .post-tags{\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n padding-top: 0.25rem;\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n a {\n color: var(--global-text-color-light);\n text-decoration: none;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n }\n }\n .post-content{\n blockquote {\n border-left: 5px solid var(--global-theme-color);\n padding: 8px;\n }\n p {\n font-size:1.2em;\n }\n }\n}\n\nprogress {\n /* Positioning */\n position: fixed;\n left: 0;\n top: 56px;\n z-index: 10;\n \n /* Dimensions */\n width: 100%;\n height: 1px;\n \n /* Reset the appearance */\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n -moz-appearance: none;\n appearance: none;\n \n /* Get rid of the default border in Firefox/Opera. */\n border: none;\n \n /* Progress bar container for Firefox/IE10 */\n background-color: transparent;\n \n /* Progress bar value for IE10 */\n color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n \n progress::-webkit-progress-bar {\n background-color: transparent;\n }\n \n progress::-webkit-progress-value {\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n \n progress::-moz-progress-bar {\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n }\n \n .progress-container {\n width: 100%;\n background-color: transparent;\n position: fixed;\n top: 56px;\n left: 0;\n height: 5px;\n display: block;\n }\n \n .progress-bar {\n background-color: var(--global-theme-color);\n width: 0%;\n display: block;\n height: inherit;\n }\n","/*******************************************************************************\n * Style overrides for distill blog posts.\n ******************************************************************************/\n\nd-byline {\n border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important;\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n color: var(--global-text-color) !important;\n}\n\nd-byline a, d-article d-byline a {\n color: var(--global-text-color) !important;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color) !important;\n }\n}\n\nd-article {\n border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important;\n a, p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, li, table {\n color: var(--global-text-color) !important;\n }\n a, h1, h2, hr, table, table th, table td {\n border-bottom-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important;\n }\n a:hover {\n border-bottom-color: var(--global-hover-color) !important;\n }\n b i {\n display: inline;\n }\n\n d-contents {\n align-self: start;\n grid-column: 1 / 4;\n grid-row: auto / span 4;\n justify-self: end;\n margin-top: 0em;\n padding-left: 2em;\n padding-right: 3em;\n border-right: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n width: calc(max(70%, 300px));\n margin-right: 0px;\n margin-top: 0em;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns:\n minmax(8px, 1fr) [toc] auto\n minmax(8px, 1fr) [toc-line] 1px\n minmax(32px, 2fr);\n\n nav {\n grid-column: toc;\n a {\n border-bottom: none !important;\n &:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--global-text-color) !important;\n }\n }\n h3 {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n }\n div {\n display: block;\n outline: none;\n margin-bottom: 0.8em;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n font-weight: bold;\n }\n ul {\n padding-left: 1em;\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 6px;\n list-style-type: none;\n li {\n margin-bottom: 0.25em;\n }\n }\n }\n .figcaption {\n line-height: 1.4em;\n }\n toc-line {\n border-right: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n grid-column: toc-line;\n }\n }\n\n d-footnote {\n scroll-margin-top: 66px;\n }\n}\n\nd-appendix {\n border-top-color: var(--global-divider-color) !important;\n color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important;\n h3, li, span {\n color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important;\n }\n a, a.footnote-backlink {\n color: var(--global-distill-app-color) !important;\n &:hover {\n color: var(--global-hover-color) !important;\n }\n }\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n d-contents {\n display: block;\n grid-column-start: 2;\n grid-column-end: -2;\n padding-bottom: 0.5em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n padding-top: 0.5em;\n width: 100%;\n border: 1px solid var(--global-divider-color);\n nav {\n grid-column: none;\n }\n }\n }\n}\n"],"file":"main.css"} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/css/main.scss b/assets/css/main.scss deleted file mode 100644 index fd8c311c32cb..000000000000 --- a/assets/css/main.scss +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ ---- -# Only the main Sass file needs 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'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday']; - const months = ['Jan.', 'Feb.', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'Aug.', 'Sept.', 'Oct.', 'Nov.', 'Dec.']; - const zeroPad = n => n < 10 ? '0' + n : n; - - const RFC = function(date) { - const day = days[date.getDay()].substring(0, 3); - const paddedDate = zeroPad(date.getDate()); - const month = months[date.getMonth()].substring(0,3); - const year = date.getFullYear().toString(); - const hours = date.getUTCHours().toString(); - const minutes = date.getUTCMinutes().toString(); - const seconds = date.getUTCSeconds().toString(); - return `${day}, ${paddedDate} ${month} ${year} ${hours}:${minutes}:${seconds} Z`; - }; - - const objectFromMap = function(map) { - const object = Array.from(map).reduce((object, [key, value]) => ( - Object.assign(object, { [key]: value }) // Be careful! Maps can have non-String keys; object literals can't. - ), {}); - return object; - }; - - const mapFromObject = function(object) { - const map = new Map(); - for (var property in object) { - if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) { - map.set(property, object[property]); - } - } - return map; - }; - - class Author { - - // constructor(name='', personalURL='', affiliation='', affiliationURL='') { - // this.name = name; // 'Chris Olah' - // this.personalURL = personalURL; // 'https://colah.github.io' - // this.affiliation = affiliation; // 'Google Brain' - // this.affiliationURL = affiliationURL; // 'https://g.co/brain' - // } - - constructor(object) { - this.name = object.author; // 'Chris Olah' - this.personalURL = object.authorURL; // 'https://colah.github.io' - this.affiliation = object.affiliation; // 'Google Brain' - this.affiliationURL = object.affiliationURL; // 'https://g.co/brain' - this.affiliations = object.affiliations || []; // new-style affiliations - } - - // 'Chris' - get firstName() { - const names = this.name.split(' '); - return names.slice(0, names.length - 1).join(' '); - } - - // 'Olah' - get lastName() { - const names = this.name.split(' '); - return names[names.length -1]; - } - } - - function mergeFromYMLFrontmatter(target, source) { - target.title = source.title; - if (source.published) { - if (source.published instanceof Date) { - target.publishedDate = source.published; - } else if (source.published.constructor === String) { - target.publishedDate = new Date(source.published); - } - } - if (source.publishedDate) { - if (source.publishedDate instanceof Date) { - target.publishedDate = source.publishedDate; - } else if (source.publishedDate.constructor === String) { - target.publishedDate = new Date(source.publishedDate); - } else { - console.error('Don\'t know what to do with published date: ' + source.publishedDate); - } - } - target.description = source.description; - target.authors = source.authors.map( (authorObject) => new Author(authorObject)); - target.katex = source.katex; - target.password = source.password; - if (source.doi) { - target.doi = source.doi; - } - } - - class FrontMatter { - constructor() { - this.title = 'unnamed article'; // 'Attention and Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks' - this.description = ''; // 'A visual overview of neural attention...' - this.authors = []; // Array of Author(s) - - this.bibliography = new Map(); - this.bibliographyParsed = false; - // { - // 'gregor2015draw': { - // 'title': 'DRAW: A recurrent neural network for image generation', - // 'author': 'Gregor, Karol and Danihelka, Ivo and Graves, Alex and Rezende, Danilo Jimenez and Wierstra, Daan', - // 'journal': 'arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.04623', - // 'year': '2015', - // 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.04623.pdf', - // 'type': 'article' - // }, - // } - - // Citation keys should be listed in the order that they are appear in the document. - // Each key refers to a key in the bibliography dictionary. - this.citations = []; // [ 'gregor2015draw', 'mercier2011humans' ] - this.citationsCollected = false; - - // - // Assigned from posts.csv - // - - // publishedDate: 2016-09-08T07:00:00.000Z, - // tags: [ 'rnn' ], - // distillPath: '2016/augmented-rnns', - // githubPath: 'distillpub/post--augmented-rnns', - // doiSuffix: 1, - - // - // Assigned from journal - // - this.journal = {}; - // journal: { - // 'title': 'Distill', - // 'full_title': 'Distill', - // 'abbrev_title': 'Distill', - // 'url': 'http://distill.pub', - // 'doi': '10.23915/distill', - // 'publisherName': 'Distill Working Group', - // 'publisherEmail': 'admin@distill.pub', - // 'issn': '2476-0757', - // 'editors': [...], - // 'committee': [...] - // } - // volume: 1, - // issue: 9, - - this.katex = {}; - - // - // Assigned from publishing process - // - - // githubCompareUpdatesUrl: 'https://github.com/distillpub/post--augmented-rnns/compare/1596e094d8943d2dc0ea445d92071129c6419c59...3bd9209e0c24d020f87cf6152dcecc6017cbc193', - // updatedDate: 2017-03-21T07:13:16.000Z, - // doi: '10.23915/distill.00001', - this.doi = undefined; - this.publishedDate = undefined; - } - - // Example: - // title: Demo Title Attention and Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks - // published: Jan 10, 2017 - // authors: - // - Chris Olah: - // - Shan Carter: http://shancarter.com - // affiliations: - // - Google Brain: - // - Google Brain: http://g.co/brain - - // - // Computed Properties - // - - // 'http://distill.pub/2016/augmented-rnns', - set url(value) { - this._url = value; - } - get url() { - if (this._url) { - return this._url; - } else if (this.distillPath && this.journal.url) { - return this.journal.url + '/' + this.distillPath; - } else if (this.journal.url) { - return this.journal.url; - } - } - - // 'https://github.com/distillpub/post--augmented-rnns', - get githubUrl() { - if (this.githubPath) { - return 'https://github.com/' + this.githubPath; - } else { - return undefined; - } - } - - // TODO resolve differences in naming of URL/Url/url. - // 'http://distill.pub/2016/augmented-rnns/thumbnail.jpg', - set previewURL(value) { - this._previewURL = value; - } - get previewURL() { - return this._previewURL ? this._previewURL : this.url + '/thumbnail.jpg'; - } - - // 'Thu, 08 Sep 2016 00:00:00 -0700', - get publishedDateRFC() { - return RFC(this.publishedDate); - } - - // 'Thu, 08 Sep 2016 00:00:00 -0700', - get updatedDateRFC() { - return RFC(this.updatedDate); - } - - // 2016, - get publishedYear() { - return this.publishedDate.getFullYear(); - } - - // 'Sept', - get publishedMonth() { - return months[this.publishedDate.getMonth()]; - } - - // 8, - get publishedDay() { - return this.publishedDate.getDate(); - } - - // '09', - get publishedMonthPadded() { - return zeroPad(this.publishedDate.getMonth() + 1); - } - - // '08', - get publishedDayPadded() { - return zeroPad(this.publishedDate.getDate()); - } - - get publishedISODateOnly() { - return this.publishedDate.toISOString().split('T')[0]; - } - - get volume() { - const volume = this.publishedYear - 2015; - if (volume < 1) { - throw new Error('Invalid publish date detected during computing volume'); - } - return volume; - } - - get issue() { - return this.publishedDate.getMonth() + 1; - } - - // 'Olah & Carter', - get concatenatedAuthors() { - if (this.authors.length > 2) { - return this.authors[0].lastName + ', et al.'; - } else if (this.authors.length === 2) { - return this.authors[0].lastName + ' & ' + this.authors[1].lastName; - } else if (this.authors.length === 1) { - return this.authors[0].lastName; - } - } - - // 'Olah, Chris and Carter, Shan', - get bibtexAuthors() { - return this.authors.map(author => { - return author.lastName + ', ' + author.firstName; - }).join(' and '); - } - - // 'olah2016attention' - get slug() { - let slug = ''; - if (this.authors.length) { - slug += this.authors[0].lastName.toLowerCase(); - slug += this.publishedYear; - slug += this.title.split(' ')[0].toLowerCase(); - } - return slug || 'Untitled'; - } - - get bibliographyEntries() { - return new Map(this.citations.map( citationKey => { - const entry = this.bibliography.get(citationKey); - return [citationKey, entry]; - })); - } - - set bibliography(bibliography) { - if (bibliography instanceof Map) { - this._bibliography = bibliography; - } else if (typeof bibliography === 'object') { - this._bibliography = mapFromObject(bibliography); - } - } - - get bibliography() { - return this._bibliography; - } - - static fromObject(source) { - const frontMatter = new FrontMatter(); - Object.assign(frontMatter, source); - return frontMatter; - } - - assignToObject(target) { - Object.assign(target, this); - target.bibliography = objectFromMap(this.bibliographyEntries); - target.url = this.url; - target.doi = this.doi; - target.githubUrl = this.githubUrl; - target.previewURL = this.previewURL; - if (this.publishedDate) { - target.volume = this.volume; - target.issue = this.issue; - target.publishedDateRFC = this.publishedDateRFC; - target.publishedYear = this.publishedYear; - target.publishedMonth = this.publishedMonth; - target.publishedDay = this.publishedDay; - target.publishedMonthPadded = this.publishedMonthPadded; - target.publishedDayPadded = this.publishedDayPadded; - } - if (this.updatedDate) { - target.updatedDateRFC = this.updatedDateRFC; - } - target.concatenatedAuthors = this.concatenatedAuthors; - target.bibtexAuthors = this.bibtexAuthors; - target.slug = this.slug; - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - const Mutating = (superclass) => { - return class extends superclass { - - constructor() { - super(); - - // set up mutation observer - const options = {childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true}; - const observer = new MutationObserver( () => { - observer.disconnect(); - this.renderIfPossible(); - observer.observe(this, options); - }); - - // ...and listen for changes - observer.observe(this, options); - } - - connectedCallback() { - super.connectedCallback(); - - this.renderIfPossible(); - } - - // potential TODO: check if this is enough for all our usecases - // maybe provide a custom function to tell if we have enough information to render - renderIfPossible() { - if (this.textContent && this.root) { - this.renderContent(); - } - } - - renderContent() { - console.error(`Your class ${this.constructor.name} must provide a custom renderContent() method!` ); - } - - }; // end class - }; // end mixin function - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - /*global ShadyCSS*/ - - const Template = (name, templateString, useShadow = true) => { - - return (superclass) => { - - const template = document.createElement('template'); - template.innerHTML = templateString; - - if (useShadow && 'ShadyCSS' in window) { - ShadyCSS.prepareTemplate(template, name); - } - - return class extends superclass { - - static get is() { return name; } - - constructor() { - super(); - - this.clone = document.importNode(template.content, true); - if (useShadow) { - this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'}); - this.shadowRoot.appendChild(this.clone); - } - } - - connectedCallback() { - if (this.hasAttribute('distill-prerendered')) { - return; - } - if (useShadow) { - if ('ShadyCSS' in window) { - ShadyCSS.styleElement(this); - } - } else { - this.insertBefore(this.clone, this.firstChild); - } - } - - get root() { - if (useShadow) { - return this.shadowRoot; - } else { - return this; - } - } - - /* TODO: Are we using these? Should we even? */ - $(query) { - return this.root.querySelector(query); - } - - $$(query) { - return this.root.querySelectorAll(query); - } - }; - }; - }; - - var math = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nspan.katex-display {\n text-align: left;\n padding: 8px 0 8px 0;\n margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;\n}\n\nspan.katex {\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n font-size: 1.18em;\n}\n"; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // This is a straight concatenation of code from KaTeX's contrib folder, - // but we aren't using some of their helpers that don't work well outside a browser environment. - - /*global katex */ - - const findEndOfMath = function(delimiter, text, startIndex) { - // Adapted from - // https://github.com/Khan/perseus/blob/master/src/perseus-markdown.jsx - let index = startIndex; - let braceLevel = 0; - - const delimLength = delimiter.length; - - while (index < text.length) { - const character = text[index]; - - if ( - braceLevel <= 0 && - text.slice(index, index + delimLength) === delimiter - ) { - return index; - } else if (character === "\\") { - index++; - } else if (character === "{") { - braceLevel++; - } else if (character === "}") { - braceLevel--; - } - - index++; - } - - return -1; - }; - - const splitAtDelimiters = function(startData, leftDelim, rightDelim, display) { - const finalData = []; - - for (let i = 0; i < startData.length; i++) { - if (startData[i].type === "text") { - const text = startData[i].data; - - let lookingForLeft = true; - let currIndex = 0; - let nextIndex; - - nextIndex = text.indexOf(leftDelim); - if (nextIndex !== -1) { - currIndex = nextIndex; - finalData.push({ - type: "text", - data: text.slice(0, currIndex) - }); - lookingForLeft = false; - } - - while (true) { - // eslint-disable-line no-constant-condition - if (lookingForLeft) { - nextIndex = text.indexOf(leftDelim, currIndex); - if (nextIndex === -1) { - break; - } - - finalData.push({ - type: "text", - data: text.slice(currIndex, nextIndex) - }); - - currIndex = nextIndex; - } else { - nextIndex = findEndOfMath( - rightDelim, - text, - currIndex + leftDelim.length - ); - if (nextIndex === -1) { - break; - } - - finalData.push({ - type: "math", - data: text.slice(currIndex + leftDelim.length, nextIndex), - rawData: text.slice(currIndex, nextIndex + rightDelim.length), - display: display - }); - - currIndex = nextIndex + rightDelim.length; - } - - lookingForLeft = !lookingForLeft; - } - - finalData.push({ - type: "text", - data: text.slice(currIndex) - }); - } else { - finalData.push(startData[i]); - } - } - - return finalData; - }; - - const splitWithDelimiters = function(text, delimiters) { - let data = [{ type: "text", data: text }]; - for (let i = 0; i < delimiters.length; i++) { - const delimiter = delimiters[i]; - data = splitAtDelimiters( - data, - delimiter.left, - delimiter.right, - delimiter.display || false - ); - } - return data; - }; - - /* Note: optionsCopy is mutated by this method. If it is ever exposed in the - * API, we should copy it before mutating. - */ - const renderMathInText = function(text, optionsCopy) { - const data = splitWithDelimiters(text, optionsCopy.delimiters); - const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); - - for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { - if (data[i].type === "text") { - fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(data[i].data)); - } else { - const tag = document.createElement("d-math"); - const math = data[i].data; - // Override any display mode defined in the settings with that - // defined by the text itself - optionsCopy.displayMode = data[i].display; - try { - tag.textContent = math; - if (optionsCopy.displayMode) { - tag.setAttribute("block", ""); - } - } catch (e) { - if (!(e instanceof katex.ParseError)) { - throw e; - } - optionsCopy.errorCallback( - "KaTeX auto-render: Failed to parse `" + data[i].data + "` with ", - e - ); - fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(data[i].rawData)); - continue; - } - fragment.appendChild(tag); - } - } - - return fragment; - }; - - const renderElem = function(elem, optionsCopy) { - for (let i = 0; i < elem.childNodes.length; i++) { - const childNode = elem.childNodes[i]; - if (childNode.nodeType === 3) { - // Text node - const text = childNode.textContent; - if (optionsCopy.mightHaveMath(text)) { - const frag = renderMathInText(text, optionsCopy); - i += frag.childNodes.length - 1; - elem.replaceChild(frag, childNode); - } - } else if (childNode.nodeType === 1) { - // Element node - const shouldRender = - optionsCopy.ignoredTags.indexOf(childNode.nodeName.toLowerCase()) === - -1; - - if (shouldRender) { - renderElem(childNode, optionsCopy); - } - } - // Otherwise, it's something else, and ignore it. - } - }; - - const defaultAutoRenderOptions = { - delimiters: [ - { left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true }, - { left: "\\[", right: "\\]", display: true }, - { left: "\\(", right: "\\)", display: false } - // LaTeX uses this, but it ruins the display of normal `$` in text: - // {left: '$', right: '$', display: false}, - ], - - ignoredTags: [ - "script", - "noscript", - "style", - "textarea", - "pre", - "code", - "svg" - ], - - errorCallback: function(msg, err) { - console.error(msg, err); - } - }; - - const renderMathInElement = function(elem, options) { - if (!elem) { - throw new Error("No element provided to render"); - } - - const optionsCopy = Object.assign({}, defaultAutoRenderOptions, options); - const delimiterStrings = optionsCopy.delimiters.flatMap(d => [ - d.left, - d.right - ]); - const mightHaveMath = text => - delimiterStrings.some(d => text.indexOf(d) !== -1); - optionsCopy.mightHaveMath = mightHaveMath; - renderElem(elem, optionsCopy); - }; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const katexJSURL = 'https://distill.pub/third-party/katex/katex.min.js'; - const katexCSSTag = ''; - - const T = Template('d-math', ` -${katexCSSTag} - - -`); - - // DMath, not Math, because that would conflict with the JS built-in - class DMath extends Mutating(T(HTMLElement)) { - - static set katexOptions(options) { - DMath._katexOptions = options; - if (DMath.katexOptions.delimiters) { - if (!DMath.katexAdded) { - DMath.addKatex(); - } else { - DMath.katexLoadedCallback(); - } - } - } - - static get katexOptions() { - if (!DMath._katexOptions) { - DMath._katexOptions = { - delimiters: [ { 'left':'$$', 'right':'$$', 'display': false } ] - }; - } - return DMath._katexOptions; - } - - static katexLoadedCallback() { - // render all d-math tags - const mathTags = document.querySelectorAll('d-math'); - for (const mathTag of mathTags) { - mathTag.renderContent(); - } - // transform inline delimited math to d-math tags - if (DMath.katexOptions.delimiters) { - renderMathInElement(document.body, DMath.katexOptions); - } - } - - static addKatex() { - // css tag can use this convenience function - document.head.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', katexCSSTag); - // script tag has to be created to work properly - const scriptTag = document.createElement('script'); - scriptTag.src = katexJSURL; - scriptTag.async = true; - scriptTag.onload = DMath.katexLoadedCallback; - scriptTag.crossorigin = 'anonymous'; - document.head.appendChild(scriptTag); - - DMath.katexAdded = true; - } - - get options() { - const localOptions = { displayMode: this.hasAttribute('block') }; - return Object.assign(localOptions, DMath.katexOptions); - } - - connectedCallback() { - super.connectedCallback(); - if (!DMath.katexAdded) { - DMath.addKatex(); - } - } - - renderContent() { - if (typeof katex !== 'undefined') { - const container = this.root.querySelector('#katex-container'); - katex.render(this.textContent, container, this.options); - } - } - - } - - DMath.katexAdded = false; - DMath.inlineMathRendered = false; - window.DMath = DMath; // TODO: check if this can be removed, or if we should expose a distill global - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function collect_citations(dom = document) { - const citations = new Set(); - const citeTags = dom.querySelectorAll("d-cite"); - for (const tag of citeTags) { - const keyString = tag.getAttribute("key") || tag.getAttribute("bibtex-key"); - const keys = keyString.split(",").map(k => k.trim()); - for (const key of keys) { - citations.add(key); - } - } - return [...citations]; - } - - function author_string(ent, template, sep, finalSep) { - if (ent.author == null) { - return ""; - } - var names = ent.author.split(" and "); - let name_strings = names.map(name => { - name = name.trim(); - if (name.indexOf(",") != -1) { - var last = name.split(",")[0].trim(); - var firsts = name.split(",")[1]; - } else if (name.indexOf(" ") != -1) { - var last = name - .split(" ") - .slice(-1)[0] - .trim(); - var firsts = name - .split(" ") - .slice(0, -1) - .join(" "); - } else { - var last = name.trim(); - } - var initials = ""; - if (firsts != undefined) { - initials = firsts - .trim() - .split(" ") - .map(s => s.trim()[0]); - initials = initials.join(".") + "."; - } - return template - .replace("${F}", firsts) - .replace("${L}", last) - .replace("${I}", initials) - .trim(); // in case one of first or last was empty - }); - if (names.length > 1) { - var str = name_strings.slice(0, names.length - 1).join(sep); - str += (finalSep || sep) + name_strings[names.length - 1]; - return str; - } else { - return name_strings[0]; - } - } - - function venue_string(ent) { - var cite = ent.journal || ent.booktitle || ""; - if ("volume" in ent) { - var issue = ent.issue || ent.number; - issue = issue != undefined ? "(" + issue + ")" : ""; - cite += ", Vol " + ent.volume + issue; - } - if ("pages" in ent) { - cite += ", pp. " + ent.pages; - } - if (cite != "") cite += ". "; - if ("publisher" in ent) { - cite += ent.publisher; - if (cite[cite.length - 1] != ".") cite += "."; - } - return cite; - } - - function link_string(ent) { - if ("url" in ent) { - var url = ent.url; - var arxiv_match = /arxiv\.org\/abs\/([0-9\.]*)/.exec(url); - if (arxiv_match != null) { - url = `http://arxiv.org/pdf/${arxiv_match[1]}.pdf`; - } - - if (url.slice(-4) == ".pdf") { - var label = "PDF"; - } else if (url.slice(-5) == ".html") { - var label = "HTML"; - } - return `  [${label || "link"}]`; - } /* else if ("doi" in ent){ - return `  [DOI]`; - }*/ else { - return ""; - } - } - function doi_string(ent, new_line) { - if ("doi" in ent) { - return `${new_line ? "
" : ""} DOI: ${ent.doi}`; - } else { - return ""; - } - } - - function title_string(ent) { - return '' + ent.title + " "; - } - - function bibliography_cite(ent, fancy) { - if (ent) { - var cite = title_string(ent); - cite += link_string(ent) + "
"; - if (ent.author) { - cite += author_string(ent, "${L}, ${I}", ", ", " and "); - if (ent.year || ent.date) { - cite += ", "; - } - } - if (ent.year || ent.date) { - cite += (ent.year || ent.date) + ". "; - } else { - cite += ". "; - } - cite += venue_string(ent); - cite += doi_string(ent); - return cite; - /*var cite = author_string(ent, "${L}, ${I}", ", ", " and "); - if (ent.year || ent.date){ - cite += ", " + (ent.year || ent.date) + ". " - } else { - cite += ". " - } - cite += "" + ent.title + ". "; - cite += venue_string(ent); - cite += doi_string(ent); - cite += link_string(ent); - return cite*/ - } else { - return "?"; - } - } - - function hover_cite(ent) { - if (ent) { - var cite = ""; - cite += "" + ent.title + ""; - cite += link_string(ent); - cite += "
"; - - var a_str = author_string(ent, "${I} ${L}", ", ") + "."; - var v_str = - venue_string(ent).trim() + " " + ent.year + ". " + doi_string(ent, true); - - if ((a_str + v_str).length < Math.min(40, ent.title.length)) { - cite += a_str + " " + v_str; - } else { - cite += a_str + "
" + v_str; - } - return cite; - } else { - return "?"; - } - } - - function domContentLoaded() { - return ['interactive', 'complete'].indexOf(document.readyState) !== -1; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function _moveLegacyAffiliationFormatIntoArray(frontMatter) { - // authors used to have propoerties "affiliation" and "affiliationURL". - // We now encourage using an array for affiliations containing objects with - // properties "name" and "url". - for (let author of frontMatter.authors) { - const hasOldStyle = Boolean(author.affiliation); - const hasNewStyle = Boolean(author.affiliations); - if (!hasOldStyle) continue; - if (hasNewStyle) { - console.warn(`Author ${author.author} has both old-style ("affiliation" & "affiliationURL") and new style ("affiliations") affiliation information!`); - } else { - let newAffiliation = { - "name": author.affiliation - }; - if (author.affiliationURL) newAffiliation.url = author.affiliationURL; - author.affiliations = [newAffiliation]; - } - } - return frontMatter - } - - function parseFrontmatter(element) { - const scriptTag = element.firstElementChild; - if (scriptTag) { - const type = scriptTag.getAttribute('type'); - if (type.split('/')[1] == 'json') { - const content = scriptTag.textContent; - const parsed = JSON.parse(content); - return _moveLegacyAffiliationFormatIntoArray(parsed); - } else { - console.error('Distill only supports JSON frontmatter tags anymore; no more YAML.'); - } - } else { - console.error('You added a frontmatter tag but did not provide a script tag with front matter data in it. Please take a look at our templates.'); - } - return {}; - } - - class FrontMatter$1 extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-front-matter'; } - - constructor() { - super(); - - const options = {childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true}; - const observer = new MutationObserver( (entries) => { - for (const entry of entries) { - if (entry.target.nodeName === 'SCRIPT' || entry.type === 'characterData') { - const data = parseFrontmatter(this); - this.notify(data); - } - } - }); - observer.observe(this, options); - } - - notify(data) { - const options = { detail: data, bubbles: true }; - const event = new CustomEvent('onFrontMatterChanged', options); - document.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // no appendix -> add appendix - // title in front, no h1 -> add it - // no title in front, h1 -> read and put into frontMatter - // footnote -> footnote list - // break up bib - // if citation, no bib-list -> add citation-list - - // if authors, no byline -> add byline - - function optionalComponents(dom, data) { - const body = dom.body; - const article = body.querySelector('d-article'); - - // If we don't have an article tag, something weird is going on—giving up. - if (!article) { - console.warn('No d-article tag found; skipping adding optional components!'); - return; - } - - let byline = dom.querySelector('d-byline'); - if (!byline) { - if (data.authors) { - byline = dom.createElement('d-byline'); - body.insertBefore(byline, article); - } else { - console.warn('No authors found in front matter; please add them before submission!'); - } - } - - let title = dom.querySelector('d-title'); - if (!title) { - title = dom.createElement('d-title'); - body.insertBefore(title, byline); - } - - let h1 = title.querySelector('h1'); - if (!h1) { - h1 = dom.createElement('h1'); - h1.textContent = data.title; - title.insertBefore(h1, title.firstChild); - } - - const hasPassword = typeof data.password !== 'undefined'; - let interstitial = body.querySelector('d-interstitial'); - if (hasPassword && !interstitial) { - const inBrowser = typeof window !== 'undefined'; - const onLocalhost = inBrowser && window.location.hostname.includes('localhost'); - if (!inBrowser || !onLocalhost) { - interstitial = dom.createElement('d-interstitial'); - interstitial.password = data.password; - body.insertBefore(interstitial, body.firstChild); - } - } else if (!hasPassword && interstitial) { - interstitial.parentElement.removeChild(this); - } - - let appendix = dom.querySelector('d-appendix'); - if (!appendix) { - appendix = dom.createElement('d-appendix'); - dom.body.appendChild(appendix); - } - - let footnoteList = dom.querySelector('d-footnote-list'); - if (!footnoteList) { - footnoteList = dom.createElement('d-footnote-list'); - appendix.appendChild(footnoteList); - } - - let citationList = dom.querySelector('d-citation-list'); - if (!citationList) { - citationList = dom.createElement('d-citation-list'); - appendix.appendChild(citationList); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const frontMatter = new FrontMatter(); - - const Controller = { - frontMatter: frontMatter, - waitingOn: { - bibliography: [], - citations: [] - }, - listeners: { - onCiteKeyCreated(event) { - const [citeTag, keys] = event.detail; - - // ensure we have citations - if (!frontMatter.citationsCollected) { - // console.debug('onCiteKeyCreated, but unresolved dependency ("citations"). Enqueing.'); - Controller.waitingOn.citations.push(() => - Controller.listeners.onCiteKeyCreated(event) - ); - return; - } - - // ensure we have a loaded bibliography - if (!frontMatter.bibliographyParsed) { - // console.debug('onCiteKeyCreated, but unresolved dependency ("bibliography"). Enqueing.'); - Controller.waitingOn.bibliography.push(() => - Controller.listeners.onCiteKeyCreated(event) - ); - return; - } - - const numbers = keys.map(key => frontMatter.citations.indexOf(key)); - citeTag.numbers = numbers; - const entries = keys.map(key => frontMatter.bibliography.get(key)); - citeTag.entries = entries; - }, - - onCiteKeyChanged() { - // const [citeTag, keys] = event.detail; - - // update citations - frontMatter.citations = collect_citations(); - frontMatter.citationsCollected = true; - for (const waitingCallback of Controller.waitingOn.citations.slice()) { - waitingCallback(); - } - - // update bibliography - const citationListTag = document.querySelector("d-citation-list"); - const bibliographyEntries = new Map( - frontMatter.citations.map(citationKey => { - return [citationKey, frontMatter.bibliography.get(citationKey)]; - }) - ); - citationListTag.citations = bibliographyEntries; - - const citeTags = document.querySelectorAll("d-cite"); - for (const citeTag of citeTags) { - console.log(citeTag); - const keys = citeTag.keys; - const numbers = keys.map(key => frontMatter.citations.indexOf(key)); - citeTag.numbers = numbers; - const entries = keys.map(key => frontMatter.bibliography.get(key)); - citeTag.entries = entries; - } - }, - - onCiteKeyRemoved(event) { - Controller.listeners.onCiteKeyChanged(event); - }, - - onBibliographyChanged(event) { - const citationListTag = document.querySelector("d-citation-list"); - - const bibliography = event.detail; - - frontMatter.bibliography = bibliography; - frontMatter.bibliographyParsed = true; - for (const waitingCallback of Controller.waitingOn.bibliography.slice()) { - waitingCallback(); - } - - // ensure we have citations - if (!frontMatter.citationsCollected) { - Controller.waitingOn.citations.push(function() { - Controller.listeners.onBibliographyChanged({ - target: event.target, - detail: event.detail - }); - }); - return; - } - - if (citationListTag.hasAttribute("distill-prerendered")) { - console.debug("Citation list was prerendered; not updating it."); - } else { - const entries = new Map( - frontMatter.citations.map(citationKey => { - return [citationKey, frontMatter.bibliography.get(citationKey)]; - }) - ); - citationListTag.citations = entries; - } - }, - - onFootnoteChanged() { - // const footnote = event.detail; - //TODO: optimize to only update current footnote - const footnotesList = document.querySelector("d-footnote-list"); - if (footnotesList) { - const footnotes = document.querySelectorAll("d-footnote"); - footnotesList.footnotes = footnotes; - } - }, - - onFrontMatterChanged(event) { - const data = event.detail; - mergeFromYMLFrontmatter(frontMatter, data); - - const interstitial = document.querySelector("d-interstitial"); - if (interstitial) { - if (typeof frontMatter.password !== "undefined") { - interstitial.password = frontMatter.password; - } else { - interstitial.parentElement.removeChild(interstitial); - } - } - - const prerendered = document.body.hasAttribute("distill-prerendered"); - if (!prerendered && domContentLoaded()) { - optionalComponents(document, frontMatter); - - const appendix = document.querySelector("distill-appendix"); - if (appendix) { - appendix.frontMatter = frontMatter; - } - - const byline = document.querySelector("d-byline"); - if (byline) { - byline.frontMatter = frontMatter; - } - - if (data.katex) { - DMath.katexOptions = data.katex; - } - } - }, - - DOMContentLoaded() { - if (Controller.loaded) { - console.warn( - "Controller received DOMContentLoaded but was already loaded!" - ); - return; - } else if (!domContentLoaded()) { - console.warn( - "Controller received DOMContentLoaded at document.readyState: " + - document.readyState + - "!" - ); - return; - } else { - Controller.loaded = true; - console.debug("Runlevel 4: Controller running DOMContentLoaded"); - } - - const frontMatterTag = document.querySelector("d-front-matter"); - if (frontMatterTag) { - const data = parseFrontmatter(frontMatterTag); - Controller.listeners.onFrontMatterChanged({ detail: data }); - } - - // Resolving "citations" dependency due to initial DOM load - frontMatter.citations = collect_citations(); - frontMatter.citationsCollected = true; - for (const waitingCallback of Controller.waitingOn.citations.slice()) { - waitingCallback(); - } - - if (frontMatter.bibliographyParsed) { - for (const waitingCallback of Controller.waitingOn.bibliography.slice()) { - waitingCallback(); - } - } - - const footnotesList = document.querySelector("d-footnote-list"); - if (footnotesList) { - const footnotes = document.querySelectorAll("d-footnote"); - footnotesList.footnotes = footnotes; - } - } - } // listeners - }; // Controller - - var base = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nhtml {\n font-size: 14px;\n\tline-height: 1.6em;\n /* font-family: \"Libre Franklin\", \"Helvetica Neue\", sans-serif; */\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, \"Fira Sans\", \"Droid Sans\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;\n /*, \"Apple Color Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\";*/\n text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n html {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\nbody {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\na {\n color: #004276;\n}\n\nfigure {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\ntable {\n\tborder-collapse: collapse;\n\tborder-spacing: 0;\n}\n\ntable th {\n\ttext-align: left;\n}\n\ntable thead {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\ntable thead th {\n padding-bottom: 0.5em;\n}\n\ntable tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 0.5em;\n}\n\npre {\n overflow: auto;\n max-width: 100%;\n}\n\np {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\nsup, sub {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n position: relative;\n top: -0.4em;\n line-height: 1em;\n}\n\nsub {\n top: 0.4em;\n}\n\n.kicker,\n.marker {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n}\n\n\n/* Headline */\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-title h1 span {\n display: block;\n }\n}\n\n/* Figure */\n\nfigure {\n position: relative;\n margin-bottom: 2.5em;\n margin-top: 1.5em;\n}\n\nfigcaption+figure {\n\n}\n\nfigure img {\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nfigure svg text,\nfigure svg tspan {\n}\n\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.5em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n font-size: 13px;\n }\n}\n\nfigure.external img {\n background: white;\n border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 18px;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nfigcaption a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nfigcaption b,\nfigcaption strong, {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\n}\n"; - - var layout = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@supports not (display: grid) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n display: block;\n padding: 8px;\n }\n}\n\n.base-grid,\ndistill-header,\nd-title,\nd-abstract,\nd-article,\nd-appendix,\ndistill-appendix,\nd-byline,\nd-footnote-list,\nd-citation-list,\ndistill-footer {\n display: grid;\n justify-items: stretch;\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 8px [page-start kicker-start text-start gutter-start middle-start] 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr [text-end page-end gutter-end kicker-end middle-end] 8px [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n.grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start middle-start text-start] 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px [ kicker-end text-end gutter-start] 45px [middle-end] 45px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1000px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 50px [middle-start] 50px [text-start kicker-end] 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px [text-end gutter-start] 50px [middle-end] 50px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1180px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 60px [middle-start] 60px [text-start kicker-end] 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px [text-end gutter-start] 60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n}\n\n\n\n\n.base-grid {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n/* .l-body,\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page,\nd-title > *,\nd-figure {\n grid-column: page;\n} */\n\n.l-gutter {\n grid-column: gutter;\n}\n\n.l-text,\n.l-body {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-body-outset {\n grid-column: middle;\n}\n\n.l-page-outset {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-screen {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n.l-screen-inset {\n grid-column: screen;\n padding-left: 16px;\n padding-left: 16px;\n}\n\n\n/* Aside */\n\nd-article aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.6em;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n\n .side {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n}\n"; - - var print = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) \" of \" counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS Grid takes care of those */\n }\n\n p, code {\n page-break-inside: avoid;\n }\n\n h2, h3 {\n page-break-after: avoid;\n }\n\n d-header {\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n\n d-footer {\n display: none!important;\n }\n\n}\n"; - - var byline = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-byline {\n contain: style;\n overflow: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n line-height: 1.8em;\n padding: 1.5rem 0;\n min-height: 1.8em;\n}\n\n\nd-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline .authors-affiliations {\n grid-column-end: span 2;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .authors-affiliations {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n font-size: 0.6rem;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n margin: 0;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n\nd-byline p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nd-byline a,\nd-article d-byline a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article d-byline a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-byline p.author {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\nd-byline .affiliations {\n\n}\n"; - - var article = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n border: none;\n counter-reset: section;\n grid-column: kicker;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover {\n border: none;\n}\n\nd-article .marker span {\n padding: 0 3px 4px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n position: relative;\n top: 4px;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover span {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n}\n\nd-article h2 {\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 24px;\n line-height: 1.25em;\n margin: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h2 {\n font-size: 36px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H3 */\n\nd-article h3 {\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-top: 2em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h3 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H4 */\n\nd-article h4 {\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\nd-article a {\n color: inherit;\n}\n\nd-article p,\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol,\nd-article blockquote {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\nd-article blockquote {\n border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n padding-left: 2em;\n font-style: italic;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nd-article a {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\nd-article a:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article .link {\n text-decoration: underline;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n}\n\nd-article li {\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nd-article li:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nd-article pre {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\nd-article hr {\n grid-column: screen;\n width: 100%;\n border: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article section {\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered {\n contain: style;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\n/* Tables */\n\nd-article table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table th {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\nd-article table tr:last-of-type td {\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article table th,\nd-article table td {\n font-size: 15px;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n}\n\nd-article table tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 2px;\n}\n"; - - var title = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-title {\n padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title {\n padding: 4rem 0 1.5rem;\n }\n}\n\nd-title h1 {\n grid-column: text;\n font-size: 40px;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.1em;\n margin: 0 0 0.5rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title h1 {\n font-size: 50px;\n }\n}\n\nd-title p {\n font-weight: 300;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n line-height: 1.55em;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\nd-title .status {\n margin-top: 0px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: #009688;\n opacity: 0.8;\n grid-column: kicker;\n}\n\nd-title .status span {\n line-height: 1;\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 6px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #80cbc4;\n font-size: 11px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n"; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const styles = base + layout + title + byline + article + math + print; - - function makeStyleTag(dom) { - - const styleTagId = 'distill-prerendered-styles'; - const prerenderedTag = dom.getElementById(styleTagId); - if (!prerenderedTag) { - const styleTag = dom.createElement('style'); - styleTag.id = styleTagId; - styleTag.type = 'text/css'; - const cssTextTag = dom.createTextNode(styles); - styleTag.appendChild(cssTextTag); - const firstScriptTag = dom.head.querySelector('script'); - dom.head.insertBefore(styleTag, firstScriptTag); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function addPolyfill(polyfill, polyfillLoadedCallback) { - console.debug('Runlevel 0: Polyfill required: ' + polyfill.name); - const script = document.createElement('script'); - script.src = polyfill.url; - script.async = false; - if (polyfillLoadedCallback) { - script.onload = function() { polyfillLoadedCallback(polyfill); }; - } - script.onerror = function() { - new Error('Runlevel 0: Polyfills failed to load script ' + polyfill.name); - }; - document.head.appendChild(script); - } - - const polyfills = [ - { - name: 'WebComponents', - support: function() { - return 'customElements' in window && - 'attachShadow' in Element.prototype && - 'getRootNode' in Element.prototype && - 'content' in document.createElement('template') && - 'Promise' in window && - 'from' in Array; - }, - url: 'https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/webcomponents-lite.js' - }, { - name: 'IntersectionObserver', - support: function() { - return 'IntersectionObserver' in window && - 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in window; - }, - url: 'https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/intersection-observer.js' - }, - ]; - - class Polyfills { - - static browserSupportsAllFeatures() { - return polyfills.every((poly) => poly.support()); - } - - static load(callback) { - // Define an intermediate callback that checks if all is loaded. - const polyfillLoaded = function(polyfill) { - polyfill.loaded = true; - console.debug('Runlevel 0: Polyfill has finished loading: ' + polyfill.name); - // console.debug(window[polyfill.name]); - if (Polyfills.neededPolyfills.every((poly) => poly.loaded)) { - console.debug('Runlevel 0: All required polyfills have finished loading.'); - console.debug('Runlevel 0->1.'); - window.distillRunlevel = 1; - callback(); - } - }; - // Add polyfill script tags - for (const polyfill of Polyfills.neededPolyfills) { - addPolyfill(polyfill, polyfillLoaded); - } - } - - static get neededPolyfills() { - if (!Polyfills._neededPolyfills) { - Polyfills._neededPolyfills = polyfills.filter((poly) => !poly.support()); - } - return Polyfills._neededPolyfills; - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // const marginSmall = 16; - // const marginLarge = 3 * marginSmall; - // const margin = marginSmall + marginLarge; - // const gutter = marginSmall; - // const outsetAmount = margin / 2; - // const numCols = 4; - // const numGutters = numCols - 1; - // const columnWidth = (768 - 2 * marginLarge - numGutters * gutter) / numCols; - // - // const screenwidth = 768; - // const pageWidth = screenwidth - 2 * marginLarge; - // const bodyWidth = pageWidth - columnWidth - gutter; - - function body(selector) { - return `${selector} { - grid-column: left / text; - } - `; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$1 = Template('d-abstract', ` - - - -`); - - class Abstract extends T$1(HTMLElement) { - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$2 = Template('d-appendix', ` - - -`, false); - - class Appendix extends T$2(HTMLElement) { - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // import { Template } from '../mixins/template'; - // import { Controller } from '../controller'; - - const isOnlyWhitespace = /^\s*$/; - - class Article extends HTMLElement { - static get is() { return 'd-article'; } - - constructor() { - super(); - - new MutationObserver( (mutations) => { - for (const mutation of mutations) { - for (const addedNode of mutation.addedNodes) { - switch (addedNode.nodeName) { - case '#text': { // usually text nodes are only linebreaks. - const text = addedNode.nodeValue; - if (!isOnlyWhitespace.test(text)) { - console.warn('Use of unwrapped text in distill articles is discouraged as it breaks layout! Please wrap any text in a or

tag. We found the following text: ' + text); - const wrapper = document.createElement('span'); - wrapper.innerHTML = addedNode.nodeValue; - addedNode.parentNode.insertBefore(wrapper, addedNode); - addedNode.parentNode.removeChild(addedNode); - } - } break; - } - } - } - }).observe(this, {childList: true}); - } - - } - - var commonjsGlobal = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : typeof self !== 'undefined' ? self : {}; - - function createCommonjsModule(fn, module) { - return module = { exports: {} }, fn(module, module.exports), module.exports; - } - - var bibtexParse = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) { - /* start bibtexParse 0.0.22 */ - - //Original work by Henrik Muehe (c) 2010 - // - //CommonJS port by Mikola Lysenko 2013 - // - //Port to Browser lib by ORCID / RCPETERS - // - //Issues: - //no comment handling within strings - //no string concatenation - //no variable values yet - //Grammar implemented here: - //bibtex -> (string | preamble | comment | entry)*; - //string -> '@STRING' '{' key_equals_value '}'; - //preamble -> '@PREAMBLE' '{' value '}'; - //comment -> '@COMMENT' '{' value '}'; - //entry -> '@' key '{' key ',' key_value_list '}'; - //key_value_list -> key_equals_value (',' key_equals_value)*; - //key_equals_value -> key '=' value; - //value -> value_quotes | value_braces | key; - //value_quotes -> '"' .*? '"'; // not quite - //value_braces -> '{' .*? '"'; // not quite - (function(exports) { - - function BibtexParser() { - - this.months = ["jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun", "jul", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec"]; - this.notKey = [',','{','}',' ','=']; - this.pos = 0; - this.input = ""; - this.entries = new Array(); - - this.currentEntry = ""; - - this.setInput = function(t) { - this.input = t; - }; - - this.getEntries = function() { - return this.entries; - }; - - this.isWhitespace = function(s) { - return (s == ' ' || s == '\r' || s == '\t' || s == '\n'); - }; - - this.match = function(s, canCommentOut) { - if (canCommentOut == undefined || canCommentOut == null) - canCommentOut = true; - this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - if (this.input.substring(this.pos, this.pos + s.length) == s) { - this.pos += s.length; - } else { - throw "Token mismatch, expected " + s + ", found " - + this.input.substring(this.pos); - } this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - }; - - this.tryMatch = function(s, canCommentOut) { - if (canCommentOut == undefined || canCommentOut == null) - canCommentOut = true; - this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - if (this.input.substring(this.pos, this.pos + s.length) == s) { - return true; - } else { - return false; - } }; - - /* when search for a match all text can be ignored, not just white space */ - this.matchAt = function() { - while (this.input.length > this.pos && this.input[this.pos] != '@') { - this.pos++; - } - if (this.input[this.pos] == '@') { - return true; - } return false; - }; - - this.skipWhitespace = function(canCommentOut) { - while (this.isWhitespace(this.input[this.pos])) { - this.pos++; - } if (this.input[this.pos] == "%" && canCommentOut == true) { - while (this.input[this.pos] != "\n") { - this.pos++; - } this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - } }; - - this.value_braces = function() { - var bracecount = 0; - this.match("{", false); - var start = this.pos; - var escaped = false; - while (true) { - if (!escaped) { - if (this.input[this.pos] == '}') { - if (bracecount > 0) { - bracecount--; - } else { - var end = this.pos; - this.match("}", false); - return this.input.substring(start, end); - } } else if (this.input[this.pos] == '{') { - bracecount++; - } else if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value"; - } } if (this.input[this.pos] == '\\' && escaped == false) - escaped = true; - else - escaped = false; - this.pos++; - } }; - - this.value_comment = function() { - var str = ''; - var brcktCnt = 0; - while (!(this.tryMatch("}", false) && brcktCnt == 0)) { - str = str + this.input[this.pos]; - if (this.input[this.pos] == '{') - brcktCnt++; - if (this.input[this.pos] == '}') - brcktCnt--; - if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value:" + this.input.substring(start); - } this.pos++; - } return str; - }; - - this.value_quotes = function() { - this.match('"', false); - var start = this.pos; - var escaped = false; - while (true) { - if (!escaped) { - if (this.input[this.pos] == '"') { - var end = this.pos; - this.match('"', false); - return this.input.substring(start, end); - } else if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value:" + this.input.substring(start); - } } - if (this.input[this.pos] == '\\' && escaped == false) - escaped = true; - else - escaped = false; - this.pos++; - } }; - - this.single_value = function() { - var start = this.pos; - if (this.tryMatch("{")) { - return this.value_braces(); - } else if (this.tryMatch('"')) { - return this.value_quotes(); - } else { - var k = this.key(); - if (k.match("^[0-9]+$")) - return k; - else if (this.months.indexOf(k.toLowerCase()) >= 0) - return k.toLowerCase(); - else - throw "Value expected:" + this.input.substring(start) + ' for key: ' + k; - - } }; - - this.value = function() { - var values = []; - values.push(this.single_value()); - while (this.tryMatch("#")) { - this.match("#"); - values.push(this.single_value()); - } return values.join(""); - }; - - this.key = function() { - var start = this.pos; - while (true) { - if (this.pos >= this.input.length) { - throw "Runaway key"; - } // а-яА-Я is Cyrillic - //console.log(this.input[this.pos]); - if (this.notKey.indexOf(this.input[this.pos]) >= 0) { - return this.input.substring(start, this.pos); - } else { - this.pos++; - - } } }; - - this.key_equals_value = function() { - var key = this.key(); - if (this.tryMatch("=")) { - this.match("="); - var val = this.value(); - return [ key, val ]; - } else { - throw "... = value expected, equals sign missing:" - + this.input.substring(this.pos); - } }; - - this.key_value_list = function() { - var kv = this.key_equals_value(); - this.currentEntry['entryTags'] = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryTags'][kv[0]] = kv[1]; - while (this.tryMatch(",")) { - this.match(","); - // fixes problems with commas at the end of a list - if (this.tryMatch("}")) { - break; - } - kv = this.key_equals_value(); - this.currentEntry['entryTags'][kv[0]] = kv[1]; - } }; - - this.entry_body = function(d) { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['citationKey'] = this.key(); - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = d.substring(1); - this.match(","); - this.key_value_list(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.directive = function() { - this.match("@"); - return "@" + this.key(); - }; - - this.preamble = function() { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = 'PREAMBLE'; - this.currentEntry['entry'] = this.value_comment(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.comment = function() { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = 'COMMENT'; - this.currentEntry['entry'] = this.value_comment(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.entry = function(d) { - this.entry_body(d); - }; - - this.bibtex = function() { - while (this.matchAt()) { - var d = this.directive(); - this.match("{"); - if (d == "@STRING") { - this.string(); - } else if (d == "@PREAMBLE") { - this.preamble(); - } else if (d == "@COMMENT") { - this.comment(); - } else { - this.entry(d); - } - this.match("}"); - } }; - } - exports.toJSON = function(bibtex) { - var b = new BibtexParser(); - b.setInput(bibtex); - b.bibtex(); - return b.entries; - }; - - /* added during hackathon don't hate on me */ - exports.toBibtex = function(json) { - var out = ''; - for ( var i in json) { - out += "@" + json[i].entryType; - out += '{'; - if (json[i].citationKey) - out += json[i].citationKey + ', '; - if (json[i].entry) - out += json[i].entry ; - if (json[i].entryTags) { - var tags = ''; - for (var jdx in json[i].entryTags) { - if (tags.length != 0) - tags += ', '; - tags += jdx + '= {' + json[i].entryTags[jdx] + '}'; - } - out += tags; - } - out += '}\n\n'; - } - return out; - - }; - - })( exports); - - /* end bibtexParse */ - }); - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function normalizeTag(string) { - return string - .replace(/[\t\n ]+/g, ' ') - .replace(/{\\["^`.'acu~Hvs]( )?([a-zA-Z])}/g, (full, x, char) => char) - .replace(/{\\([a-zA-Z])}/g, (full, char) => char); - } - - function parseBibtex(bibtex) { - const bibliography = new Map(); - const parsedEntries = bibtexParse.toJSON(bibtex); - for (const entry of parsedEntries) { - // normalize tags; note entryTags is an object, not Map - for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entry.entryTags)) { - entry.entryTags[key.toLowerCase()] = normalizeTag(value); - } - entry.entryTags.type = entry.entryType; - // add to bibliography - bibliography.set(entry.citationKey, entry.entryTags); - } - return bibliography; - } - - function serializeFrontmatterToBibtex(frontMatter) { - return `@article{${frontMatter.slug}, - author = {${frontMatter.bibtexAuthors}}, - title = {${frontMatter.title}}, - journal = {${frontMatter.journal.title}}, - year = {${frontMatter.publishedYear}}, - note = {${frontMatter.url}}, - doi = {${frontMatter.doi}} -}`; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - class Bibliography extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-bibliography'; } - - constructor() { - super(); - - // set up mutation observer - const options = {childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true}; - const observer = new MutationObserver( (entries) => { - for (const entry of entries) { - if (entry.target.nodeName === 'SCRIPT' || entry.type === 'characterData') { - this.parseIfPossible(); - } - } - }); - observer.observe(this, options); - } - - connectedCallback() { - requestAnimationFrame(() => { - this.parseIfPossible(); - }); - } - - parseIfPossible() { - const scriptTag = this.querySelector('script'); - if (!scriptTag) return; - if (scriptTag.type == 'text/bibtex') { - const newBibtex = scriptTag.textContent; - if (this.bibtex !== newBibtex) { - this.bibtex = newBibtex; - const bibliography = parseBibtex(this.bibtex); - this.notify(bibliography); - } - } else if (scriptTag.type == 'text/json') { - const bibliography = new Map(JSON.parse(scriptTag.textContent)); - this.notify(bibliography); - } else { - console.warn('Unsupported bibliography script tag type: ' + scriptTag.type); - } - } - - notify(bibliography) { - const options = { detail: bibliography, bubbles: true }; - const event = new CustomEvent('onBibliographyChanged', options); - this.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - /* observe 'src' attribute */ - - static get observedAttributes() { - return ['src']; - } - - receivedBibtex(event) { - const bibliography = parseBibtex(event.target.response); - this.notify(bibliography); - } - - attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) { - var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - oReq.onload = (e) => this.receivedBibtex(e); - oReq.onerror = () => console.warn(`Could not load Bibtex! (tried ${newValue})`); - oReq.responseType = 'text'; - oReq.open('GET', newValue, true); - oReq.send(); - } - - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // import style from '../styles/d-byline.css'; - - function bylineTemplate(frontMatter) { - return ` -

-
-

Authors

-

Affiliations

- ${frontMatter.authors.map(author => ` -

- ${author.personalURL ? ` - ${author.name}` : ` - ${author.name}`} -

-

- ${author.affiliations.map(affiliation => - affiliation.url ? `${affiliation.name}` : `${affiliation.name}` - ).join(', ')} -

- `).join('')} -
-
-

Published

- ${frontMatter.publishedDate ? ` -

${frontMatter.publishedMonth} ${frontMatter.publishedDay}, ${frontMatter.publishedYear}

` : ` -

Not published yet.

`} -
-
-`; - } - - class Byline extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-byline'; } - - set frontMatter(frontMatter) { - this.innerHTML = bylineTemplate(frontMatter); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$3 = Template( - "d-cite", - ` - - - - -
- -
-` - ); - - class Cite extends T$3(HTMLElement) { - /* Lifecycle */ - constructor() { - super(); - this._numbers = []; - this._entries = []; - } - - connectedCallback() { - this.outerSpan = this.root.querySelector("#citation-"); - this.innerSpan = this.root.querySelector(".citation-number"); - this.hoverBox = this.root.querySelector("d-hover-box"); - window.customElements.whenDefined("d-hover-box").then(() => { - this.hoverBox.listen(this); - }); - // in case this component got connected after values were set - if (this.numbers) { - this.displayNumbers(this.numbers); - } - if (this.entries) { - this.displayEntries(this.entries); - } - } - - //TODO This causes an infinite loop on firefox with polyfills. - // This is only needed for interactive editing so no priority. - // disconnectedCallback() { - // const options = { detail: [this, this.keys], bubbles: true }; - // const event = new CustomEvent('onCiteKeyRemoved', options); - // document.dispatchEvent(event); - // } - - /* observe 'key' attribute */ - - static get observedAttributes() { - return ["key", "bibtex-key"]; - } - - attributeChangedCallback(name, oldValue, newValue) { - const eventName = oldValue ? "onCiteKeyChanged" : "onCiteKeyCreated"; - const keys = newValue.split(",").map(k => k.trim()); - const options = { detail: [this, keys], bubbles: true }; - const event = new CustomEvent(eventName, options); - document.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - set key(value) { - this.setAttribute("key", value); - } - - get key() { - return this.getAttribute("key") || this.getAttribute("bibtex-key"); - } - - get keys() { - const result = this.key.split(","); - console.log(result); - return result; - } - - /* Setters & Rendering */ - - set numbers(numbers) { - this._numbers = numbers; - this.displayNumbers(numbers); - } - - get numbers() { - return this._numbers; - } - - displayNumbers(numbers) { - if (!this.innerSpan) return; - const numberStrings = numbers.map(index => { - return index == -1 ? "?" : index + 1 + ""; - }); - const textContent = "[" + numberStrings.join(", ") + "]"; - this.innerSpan.textContent = textContent; - } - - set entries(entries) { - this._entries = entries; - this.displayEntries(entries); - } - - get entries() { - return this._entries; - } - - displayEntries(entries) { - if (!this.hoverBox) return; - this.hoverBox.innerHTML = `
    - ${entries - .map(hover_cite) - .map(html => `
  • ${html}
    • `) - .join("\n")} -
`; - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const styles$1 = ` -d-citation-list { - contain: style; -} - -d-citation-list .references { - grid-column: text; -} - -d-citation-list .references .title { - font-weight: 500; -} -`; - - function renderCitationList(element, entries, dom=document) { - if (entries.size > 0) { - element.style.display = ''; - let list = element.querySelector('.references'); - if (list) { - list.innerHTML = ''; - } else { - const stylesTag = dom.createElement('style'); - stylesTag.innerHTML = styles$1; - element.appendChild(stylesTag); - - const heading = dom.createElement('h3'); - heading.id = 'references'; - heading.textContent = 'References'; - element.appendChild(heading); - - list = dom.createElement('ol'); - list.id = 'references-list'; - list.className = 'references'; - element.appendChild(list); - } - - for (const [key, entry] of entries) { - const listItem = dom.createElement('li'); - listItem.id = key; - listItem.innerHTML = bibliography_cite(entry); - list.appendChild(listItem); - } - } else { - element.style.display = 'none'; - } - } - - class CitationList extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-citation-list'; } - - connectedCallback() { - if (!this.hasAttribute('distill-prerendered')) { - this.style.display = 'none'; - } - } - - set citations(citations) { - renderCitationList(this, citations); - } - - } - - var prism = createCommonjsModule(function (module) { - /* ********************************************** - Begin prism-core.js - ********************************************** */ - - var _self = (typeof window !== 'undefined') - ? window // if in browser - : ( - (typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope) - ? self // if in worker - : {} // if in node js - ); - - /** - * Prism: Lightweight, robust, elegant syntax highlighting - * MIT license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php/ - * @author Lea Verou http://lea.verou.me - */ - - var Prism = (function (_self){ - - // Private helper vars - var lang = /\blang(?:uage)?-([\w-]+)\b/i; - var uniqueId = 0; - - - var _ = { - manual: _self.Prism && _self.Prism.manual, - disableWorkerMessageHandler: _self.Prism && _self.Prism.disableWorkerMessageHandler, - util: { - encode: function encode(tokens) { - if (tokens instanceof Token) { - return new Token(tokens.type, encode(tokens.content), tokens.alias); - } else if (Array.isArray(tokens)) { - return tokens.map(encode); - } else { - return tokens.replace(/&/g, '&').replace(/' + env.content + ''; - }; - - /** - * @param {string} text - * @param {LinkedList} tokenList - * @param {any} grammar - * @param {LinkedListNode} startNode - * @param {number} startPos - * @param {boolean} [oneshot=false] - * @param {string} [target] - */ - function matchGrammar(text, tokenList, grammar, startNode, startPos, oneshot, target) { - for (var token in grammar) { - if (!grammar.hasOwnProperty(token) || !grammar[token]) { - continue; - } - - var patterns = grammar[token]; - patterns = Array.isArray(patterns) ? patterns : [patterns]; - - for (var j = 0; j < patterns.length; ++j) { - if (target && target == token + ',' + j) { - return; - } - - var pattern = patterns[j], - inside = pattern.inside, - lookbehind = !!pattern.lookbehind, - greedy = !!pattern.greedy, - lookbehindLength = 0, - alias = pattern.alias; - - if (greedy && !pattern.pattern.global) { - // Without the global flag, lastIndex won't work - var flags = pattern.pattern.toString().match(/[imsuy]*$/)[0]; - pattern.pattern = RegExp(pattern.pattern.source, flags + 'g'); - } - - pattern = pattern.pattern || pattern; - - for ( // iterate the token list and keep track of the current token/string position - var currentNode = startNode.next, pos = startPos; - currentNode !== tokenList.tail; - pos += currentNode.value.length, currentNode = currentNode.next - ) { - - var str = currentNode.value; - - if (tokenList.length > text.length) { - // Something went terribly wrong, ABORT, ABORT! - return; - } - - if (str instanceof Token) { - continue; - } - - var removeCount = 1; // this is the to parameter of removeBetween - - if (greedy && currentNode != tokenList.tail.prev) { - pattern.lastIndex = pos; - var match = pattern.exec(text); - if (!match) { - break; - } - - var from = match.index + (lookbehind && match[1] ? match[1].length : 0); - var to = match.index + match[0].length; - var p = pos; - - // find the node that contains the match - p += currentNode.value.length; - while (from >= p) { - currentNode = currentNode.next; - p += currentNode.value.length; - } - // adjust pos (and p) - p -= currentNode.value.length; - pos = p; - - // the current node is a Token, then the match starts inside another Token, which is invalid - if (currentNode.value instanceof Token) { - continue; - } - - // find the last node which is affected by this match - for ( - var k = currentNode; - k !== tokenList.tail && (p < to || (typeof k.value === 'string' && !k.prev.value.greedy)); - k = k.next - ) { - removeCount++; - p += k.value.length; - } - removeCount--; - - // replace with the new match - str = text.slice(pos, p); - match.index -= pos; - } else { - pattern.lastIndex = 0; - - var match = pattern.exec(str); - } - - if (!match) { - if (oneshot) { - break; - } - - continue; - } - - if (lookbehind) { - lookbehindLength = match[1] ? match[1].length : 0; - } - - var from = match.index + lookbehindLength, - match = match[0].slice(lookbehindLength), - to = from + match.length, - before = str.slice(0, from), - after = str.slice(to); - - var removeFrom = currentNode.prev; - - if (before) { - removeFrom = addAfter(tokenList, removeFrom, before); - pos += before.length; - } - - removeRange(tokenList, removeFrom, removeCount); - - var wrapped = new Token(token, inside ? _.tokenize(match, inside) : match, alias, match, greedy); - currentNode = addAfter(tokenList, removeFrom, wrapped); - - if (after) { - addAfter(tokenList, currentNode, after); - } - - - if (removeCount > 1) - matchGrammar(text, tokenList, grammar, currentNode.prev, pos, true, token + ',' + j); - - if (oneshot) - break; - } - } - } - } - - /** - * @typedef LinkedListNode - * @property {T} value - * @property {LinkedListNode | null} prev The previous node. - * @property {LinkedListNode | null} next The next node. - * @template T - */ - - /** - * @template T - */ - function LinkedList() { - /** @type {LinkedListNode} */ - var head = { value: null, prev: null, next: null }; - /** @type {LinkedListNode} */ - var tail = { value: null, prev: head, next: null }; - head.next = tail; - - /** @type {LinkedListNode} */ - this.head = head; - /** @type {LinkedListNode} */ - this.tail = tail; - this.length = 0; - } - - /** - * Adds a new node with the given value to the list. - * @param {LinkedList} list - * @param {LinkedListNode} node - * @param {T} value - * @returns {LinkedListNode} The added node. - * @template T - */ - function addAfter(list, node, value) { - // assumes that node != list.tail && values.length >= 0 - var next = node.next; - - var newNode = { value: value, prev: node, next: next }; - node.next = newNode; - next.prev = newNode; - list.length++; - - return newNode; - } - /** - * Removes `count` nodes after the given node. The given node will not be removed. - * @param {LinkedList} list - * @param {LinkedListNode} node - * @param {number} count - * @template T - */ - function removeRange(list, node, count) { - var next = node.next; - for (var i = 0; i < count && next !== list.tail; i++) { - next = next.next; - } - node.next = next; - next.prev = node; - list.length -= i; - } - /** - * @param {LinkedList} list - * @returns {T[]} - * @template T - */ - function toArray(list) { - var array = []; - var node = list.head.next; - while (node !== list.tail) { - array.push(node.value); - node = node.next; - } - return array; - } - - - if (!_self.document) { - if (!_self.addEventListener) { - // in Node.js - return _; - } - - if (!_.disableWorkerMessageHandler) { - // In worker - _self.addEventListener('message', function (evt) { - var message = JSON.parse(evt.data), - lang = message.language, - code = message.code, - immediateClose = message.immediateClose; - - _self.postMessage(_.highlight(code, _.languages[lang], lang)); - if (immediateClose) { - _self.close(); - } - }, false); - } - - return _; - } - - //Get current script and highlight - var script = _.util.currentScript(); - - if (script) { - _.filename = script.src; - - if (script.hasAttribute('data-manual')) { - _.manual = true; - } - } - - function highlightAutomaticallyCallback() { - if (!_.manual) { - _.highlightAll(); - } - } - - if (!_.manual) { - // If the document state is "loading", then we'll use DOMContentLoaded. - // If the document state is "interactive" and the prism.js script is deferred, then we'll also use the - // DOMContentLoaded event because there might be some plugins or languages which have also been deferred and they - // might take longer one animation frame to execute which can create a race condition where only some plugins have - // been loaded when Prism.highlightAll() is executed, depending on how fast resources are loaded. - // See https://github.com/PrismJS/prism/issues/2102 - var readyState = document.readyState; - if (readyState === 'loading' || readyState === 'interactive' && script && script.defer) { - document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', highlightAutomaticallyCallback); - } else { - if (window.requestAnimationFrame) { - window.requestAnimationFrame(highlightAutomaticallyCallback); - } else { - window.setTimeout(highlightAutomaticallyCallback, 16); - } - } - } - - return _; - - })(_self); - - if ( module.exports) { - module.exports = Prism; - } - - // hack for components to work correctly in node.js - if (typeof commonjsGlobal !== 'undefined') { - commonjsGlobal.Prism = Prism; - } - - - /* ********************************************** - Begin prism-markup.js - ********************************************** */ - - Prism.languages.markup = { - 'comment': //, - 'prolog': /<\?[\s\S]+?\?>/, - 'doctype': { - pattern: /"'[\]]|"[^"]*"|'[^']*')+(?:\[(?:(?!)*\]\s*)?>/i, - greedy: true - }, - 'cdata': //i, - 'tag': { - pattern: /<\/?(?!\d)[^\s>\/=$<%]+(?:\s(?:\s*[^\s>\/=]+(?:\s*=\s*(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|[^\s'">=]+(?=[\s>]))|(?=[\s/>])))+)?\s*\/?>/i, - greedy: true, - inside: { - 'tag': { - pattern: /^<\/?[^\s>\/]+/i, - inside: { - 'punctuation': /^<\/?/, - 'namespace': /^[^\s>\/:]+:/ - } - }, - 'attr-value': { - pattern: /=\s*(?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|[^\s'">=]+)/i, - inside: { - 'punctuation': [ - /^=/, - { - pattern: /^(\s*)["']|["']$/, - lookbehind: true - } - ] - } - }, - 'punctuation': /\/?>/, - 'attr-name': { - pattern: /[^\s>\/]+/, - inside: { - 'namespace': /^[^\s>\/:]+:/ - } - } - - } - }, - 'entity': /&#?[\da-z]{1,8};/i - }; - - Prism.languages.markup['tag'].inside['attr-value'].inside['entity'] = - Prism.languages.markup['entity']; - - // Plugin to make entity title show the real entity, idea by Roman Komarov - Prism.hooks.add('wrap', function(env) { - - if (env.type === 'entity') { - env.attributes['title'] = env.content.replace(/&/, '&'); - } - }); - - Object.defineProperty(Prism.languages.markup.tag, 'addInlined', { - /** - * Adds an inlined language to markup. - * - * An example of an inlined language is CSS with ` - - - -`); - - class Code extends Mutating(T$4(HTMLElement)) { - - renderContent() { - - // check if language can be highlighted - this.languageName = this.getAttribute('language'); - if (!this.languageName) { - console.warn('You need to provide a language attribute to your block to let us know how to highlight your code; e.g.:\n zeros = np.zeros(shape).'); - return; - } - const language = prism.languages[this.languageName]; - if (language == undefined) { - console.warn(`Distill does not yet support highlighting your code block in "${this.languageName}'.`); - return; - } - - let content = this.textContent; - const codeTag = this.shadowRoot.querySelector('#code-container'); - - if (this.hasAttribute('block')) { - // normalize the tab indents - content = content.replace(/\n/, ''); - const tabs = content.match(/\s*/); - content = content.replace(new RegExp('\n' + tabs, 'g'), '\n'); - content = content.trim(); - // wrap code block in pre tag if needed - if (codeTag.parentNode instanceof ShadowRoot) { - const preTag = document.createElement('pre'); - this.shadowRoot.removeChild(codeTag); - preTag.appendChild(codeTag); - this.shadowRoot.appendChild(preTag); - } - - } - - codeTag.className = `language-${this.languageName}`; - codeTag.innerHTML = prism.highlight(content, language); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$5 = Template('d-footnote', ` - - - -
- -
- - - - - - -`); - - class Footnote extends T$5(HTMLElement) { - - constructor() { - super(); - - const options = {childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true}; - const observer = new MutationObserver(this.notify); - observer.observe(this, options); - } - - notify() { - const options = { detail: this, bubbles: true }; - const event = new CustomEvent('onFootnoteChanged', options); - document.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - connectedCallback() { - // listen and notify about changes to slotted content - // const slot = this.shadowRoot.querySelector('#slot'); - // console.warn(slot.textContent); - // slot.addEventListener('slotchange', this.notify); - this.hoverBox = this.root.querySelector('d-hover-box'); - window.customElements.whenDefined('d-hover-box').then(() => { - this.hoverBox.listen(this); - }); - // create numeric ID - Footnote.currentFootnoteId += 1; - const IdString = Footnote.currentFootnoteId.toString(); - this.root.host.id = 'd-footnote-' + IdString; - - // set up hidden hover box - const id = 'dt-fn-hover-box-' + IdString; - this.hoverBox.id = id; - - // set up visible footnote marker - const span = this.root.querySelector('#fn-'); - span.setAttribute('id', 'fn-' + IdString); - span.setAttribute('data-hover-ref', id); - span.textContent = IdString; - } - - } - - Footnote.currentFootnoteId = 0; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$6 = Template('d-footnote-list', ` - - -

Footnotes

-
    -`, false); - - class FootnoteList extends T$6(HTMLElement) { - - connectedCallback() { - super.connectedCallback(); - - this.list = this.root.querySelector('ol'); - // footnotes list is initially hidden - this.root.style.display = 'none'; - // look through document and register existing footnotes - // Store.subscribeTo('footnotes', (footnote) => { - // this.renderFootnote(footnote); - // }); - } - - // TODO: could optimize this to accept individual footnotes? - set footnotes(footnotes) { - this.list.innerHTML = ''; - if (footnotes.length) { - // ensure footnote list is visible - this.root.style.display = ''; - - for (const footnote of footnotes) { - // construct and append list item to show footnote - const listItem = document.createElement('li'); - listItem.id = footnote.id + '-listing'; - listItem.innerHTML = footnote.innerHTML; - - const backlink = document.createElement('a'); - backlink.setAttribute('class', 'footnote-backlink'); - backlink.textContent = '[↩]'; - backlink.href = '#' + footnote.id; - - listItem.appendChild(backlink); - this.list.appendChild(listItem); - } - } else { - // ensure footnote list is invisible - this.root.style.display = 'none'; - } - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$7 = Template('d-hover-box', ` - - -
    -
    - -
    -
    -`); - - class HoverBox extends T$7(HTMLElement) { - - constructor() { - super(); - } - - connectedCallback() { - - } - - listen(element) { - // console.log(element) - this.bindDivEvents(this); - this.bindTriggerEvents(element); - // this.style.display = "block"; - } - - bindDivEvents(element) { - // For mice, same behavior as hovering on links - element.addEventListener('mouseover', () => { - if (!this.visible) this.showAtNode(element); - this.stopTimeout(); - }); - element.addEventListener('mouseout', () => { - this.extendTimeout(500); - }); - // Don't trigger body touchstart event when touching within box - element.addEventListener('touchstart', (event) => { - event.stopPropagation(); - }, {passive: true}); - // Close box when touching outside box - document.body.addEventListener('touchstart', () => { - this.hide(); - }, {passive: true}); - } - - bindTriggerEvents(node) { - node.addEventListener('mouseover', () => { - if (!this.visible) { - this.showAtNode(node); - } - this.stopTimeout(); - }); - - node.addEventListener('mouseout', () => { - this.extendTimeout(300); - }); - - node.addEventListener('touchstart', (event) => { - if (this.visible) { - this.hide(); - } else { - this.showAtNode(node); - } - // Don't trigger body touchstart event when touching link - event.stopPropagation(); - }, {passive: true}); - } - - show(position) { - this.visible = true; - this.style.display = 'block'; - // 10px extra offset from element - this.style.top = Math.round(position[1] + 10) + 'px'; - } - - showAtNode(node) { - // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/offsetTop - const bbox = node.getBoundingClientRect(); - this.show([node.offsetLeft + bbox.width, node.offsetTop + bbox.height]); - } - - hide() { - this.visible = false; - this.style.display = 'none'; - this.stopTimeout(); - } - - stopTimeout() { - if (this.timeout) { - clearTimeout(this.timeout); - } - } - - extendTimeout(time) { - this.stopTimeout(); - this.timeout = setTimeout(() => { - this.hide(); - }, time); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - class Title extends HTMLElement { - static get is() { return 'd-title'; } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const T$8 = Template('d-references', ` - -`, false); - - class References extends T$8(HTMLElement) { - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - class TOC extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-toc'; } - - connectedCallback() { - if (!this.getAttribute('prerendered')) { - window.onload = () => { - const article = document.querySelector('d-article'); - const headings = article.querySelectorAll('h2, h3'); - renderTOC(this, headings); - }; - } - } - - } - - function renderTOC(element, headings) { - - let ToC =` - - -

    Table of contents

    -
      `; - - for (const el of headings) { - // should element be included in TOC? - const isInTitle = el.parentElement.tagName == 'D-TITLE'; - const isException = el.getAttribute('no-toc'); - if (isInTitle || isException) continue; - // create TOC entry - const title = el.textContent; - const link = '#' + el.getAttribute('id'); - - let newLine = '
    • ' + '' + title + '' + '
      • '; - if (el.tagName == 'H3') { - newLine = '
        ' + newLine + '
      '; - } else { - newLine += '
      '; - } - ToC += newLine; - - } - - ToC += '
    '; - element.innerHTML = ToC; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // Figure - // - // d-figure provides a state-machine of visibility events: - // - // scroll out of view - // +----------------+ - // *do work here* | | - // +----------------+ +-+---------+ +-v---------+ - // | ready +----> onscreen | | offscreen | - // +----------------+ +---------^-+ +---------+-+ - // | | - // +----------------+ - // scroll into view - // - - class Figure extends HTMLElement { - - static get is() { return 'd-figure'; } - - static get readyQueue() { - if (!Figure._readyQueue) { - Figure._readyQueue = []; - } - return Figure._readyQueue; - } - - static addToReadyQueue(figure) { - if (Figure.readyQueue.indexOf(figure) === -1) { - Figure.readyQueue.push(figure); - Figure.runReadyQueue(); - } - } - - static runReadyQueue() { - // console.log("Checking to run readyQueue, length: " + Figure.readyQueue.length + ", scrolling: " + Figure.isScrolling); - // if (Figure.isScrolling) return; - // console.log("Running ready Queue"); - const figure = Figure.readyQueue - .sort((a,b) => a._seenOnScreen - b._seenOnScreen ) - .filter((figure) => !figure._ready) - .pop(); - if (figure) { - figure.ready(); - requestAnimationFrame(Figure.runReadyQueue); - } - - } - - constructor() { - super(); - // debugger - this._ready = false; - this._onscreen = false; - this._offscreen = true; - } - - connectedCallback() { - this.loadsWhileScrolling = this.hasAttribute('loadsWhileScrolling'); - Figure.marginObserver.observe(this); - Figure.directObserver.observe(this); - } - - disconnectedCallback() { - Figure.marginObserver.unobserve(this); - Figure.directObserver.unobserve(this); - } - - // We use two separate observers: - // One with an extra 1000px margin to warn if the viewpoint gets close, - // And one for the actual on/off screen events - - static get marginObserver() { - if (!Figure._marginObserver) { - // if (!('IntersectionObserver' in window)) { - // throw new Error('no interscetionobbserver!'); - // } - const viewportHeight = window.innerHeight; - const margin = Math.floor(2 * viewportHeight); - const options = {rootMargin: margin + 'px 0px ' + margin + 'px 0px', threshold: 0.01}; - const callback = Figure.didObserveMarginIntersection; - const observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, options); - Figure._marginObserver = observer; - } - return Figure._marginObserver; - } - - static didObserveMarginIntersection(entries) { - for (const entry of entries) { - const figure = entry.target; - if (entry.isIntersecting && !figure._ready) { - Figure.addToReadyQueue(figure); - } - } - } - - static get directObserver() { - if (!Figure._directObserver) { - Figure._directObserver = new IntersectionObserver( - Figure.didObserveDirectIntersection, { - rootMargin: '0px', threshold: [0, 1.0], - } - ); - } - return Figure._directObserver; - } - - static didObserveDirectIntersection(entries) { - for (const entry of entries) { - const figure = entry.target; - if (entry.isIntersecting) { - figure._seenOnScreen = new Date(); - // if (!figure._ready) { figure.ready(); } - if (figure._offscreen) { figure.onscreen(); } - } else { - if (figure._onscreen) { figure.offscreen(); } - } - } - } - - // Notify listeners that registered late, too: - - addEventListener(eventName, callback) { - super.addEventListener(eventName, callback); - // if we had already dispatched something while presumingly no one was listening, we do so again - // debugger - if (eventName === 'ready') { - if (Figure.readyQueue.indexOf(this) !== -1) { - this._ready = false; - Figure.runReadyQueue(); - } - } - if (eventName === 'onscreen') { - this.onscreen(); - } - } - - // Custom Events - - ready() { - // debugger - this._ready = true; - Figure.marginObserver.unobserve(this); - const event = new CustomEvent('ready'); - this.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - onscreen() { - this._onscreen = true; - this._offscreen = false; - const event = new CustomEvent('onscreen'); - this.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - offscreen() { - this._onscreen = false; - this._offscreen = true; - const event = new CustomEvent('offscreen'); - this.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - } - - if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { - - Figure.isScrolling = false; - let timeout; - const resetTimer = () => { - Figure.isScrolling = true; - clearTimeout(timeout); - timeout = setTimeout(() => { - Figure.isScrolling = false; - Figure.runReadyQueue(); - }, 500); - }; - window.addEventListener('scroll', resetTimer, true); - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - // This overlay is not secure. - // It is only meant as a social deterrent. - - const productionHostname = 'distill.pub'; - const T$9 = Template('d-interstitial', ` - - -
    -
    -

    This article is in review.

    -

    Do not share this URL or the contents of this article. Thank you!

    - -

    Enter the password we shared with you as part of the review process to view the article.

    -
    -
    -`); - - class Interstitial extends T$9(HTMLElement) { - - connectedCallback() { - if (this.shouldRemoveSelf()) { - this.parentElement.removeChild(this); - } else { - const passwordInput = this.root.querySelector('#interstitial-password-input'); - passwordInput.oninput = (event) => this.passwordChanged(event); - } - } - - passwordChanged(event) { - const entered = event.target.value; - if (entered === this.password) { - console.log('Correct password entered.'); - this.parentElement.removeChild(this); - if (typeof(Storage) !== 'undefined') { - console.log('Saved that correct password was entered.'); - localStorage.setItem(this.localStorageIdentifier(), 'true'); - } - } - } - - shouldRemoveSelf() { - // should never be visible in production - if (window && window.location.hostname === productionHostname) { - console.warn('Interstitial found on production, hiding it.'); - return true - } - // should only have to enter password once - if (typeof(Storage) !== 'undefined') { - if (localStorage.getItem(this.localStorageIdentifier()) === 'true') { - console.log('Loaded that correct password was entered before; skipping interstitial.'); - return true; - } - } - // otherwise, leave visible - return false; - } - - localStorageIdentifier() { - const prefix = 'distill-drafts'; - const suffix = 'interstitial-password-correct'; - return prefix + (window ? window.location.pathname : '-') + suffix - } - - } - - function ascending(a, b) { - return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN; - } - - function bisector(compare) { - if (compare.length === 1) compare = ascendingComparator(compare); - return { - left: function(a, x, lo, hi) { - if (lo == null) lo = 0; - if (hi == null) hi = a.length; - while (lo < hi) { - var mid = lo + hi >>> 1; - if (compare(a[mid], x) < 0) lo = mid + 1; - else hi = mid; - } - return lo; - }, - right: function(a, x, lo, hi) { - if (lo == null) lo = 0; - if (hi == null) hi = a.length; - while (lo < hi) { - var mid = lo + hi >>> 1; - if (compare(a[mid], x) > 0) hi = mid; - else lo = mid + 1; - } - return lo; - } - }; - } - - function ascendingComparator(f) { - return function(d, x) { - return ascending(f(d), x); - }; - } - - var ascendingBisect = bisector(ascending); - var bisectRight = ascendingBisect.right; - - function range(start, stop, step) { - start = +start, stop = +stop, step = (n = arguments.length) < 2 ? (stop = start, start = 0, 1) : n < 3 ? 1 : +step; - - var i = -1, - n = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((stop - start) / step)) | 0, - range = new Array(n); - - while (++i < n) { - range[i] = start + i * step; - } - - return range; - } - - var e10 = Math.sqrt(50), - e5 = Math.sqrt(10), - e2 = Math.sqrt(2); - - function ticks(start, stop, count) { - var reverse, - i = -1, - n, - ticks, - step; - - stop = +stop, start = +start, count = +count; - if (start === stop && count > 0) return [start]; - if (reverse = stop < start) n = start, start = stop, stop = n; - if ((step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count)) === 0 || !isFinite(step)) return []; - - if (step > 0) { - start = Math.ceil(start / step); - stop = Math.floor(stop / step); - ticks = new Array(n = Math.ceil(stop - start + 1)); - while (++i < n) ticks[i] = (start + i) * step; - } else { - start = Math.floor(start * step); - stop = Math.ceil(stop * step); - ticks = new Array(n = Math.ceil(start - stop + 1)); - while (++i < n) ticks[i] = (start - i) / step; - } - - if (reverse) ticks.reverse(); - - return ticks; - } - - function tickIncrement(start, stop, count) { - var step = (stop - start) / Math.max(0, count), - power = Math.floor(Math.log(step) / Math.LN10), - error = step / Math.pow(10, power); - return power >= 0 - ? (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1) * Math.pow(10, power) - : -Math.pow(10, -power) / (error >= e10 ? 10 : error >= e5 ? 5 : error >= e2 ? 2 : 1); - } - - function tickStep(start, stop, count) { - var step0 = Math.abs(stop - start) / Math.max(0, count), - step1 = Math.pow(10, Math.floor(Math.log(step0) / Math.LN10)), - error = step0 / step1; - if (error >= e10) step1 *= 10; - else if (error >= e5) step1 *= 5; - else if (error >= e2) step1 *= 2; - return stop < start ? -step1 : step1; - } - - function initRange(domain, range) { - switch (arguments.length) { - case 0: break; - case 1: this.range(domain); break; - default: this.range(range).domain(domain); break; - } - return this; - } - - function define(constructor, factory, prototype) { - constructor.prototype = factory.prototype = prototype; - prototype.constructor = constructor; - } - - function extend(parent, definition) { - var prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype); - for (var key in definition) prototype[key] = definition[key]; - return prototype; - } - - function Color() {} - - var darker = 0.7; - var brighter = 1 / darker; - - var reI = "\\s*([+-]?\\d+)\\s*", - reN = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)\\s*", - reP = "\\s*([+-]?\\d*\\.?\\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?)%\\s*", - reHex = /^#([0-9a-f]{3,8})$/, - reRgbInteger = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reI, reI, reI] + "\\)$"), - reRgbPercent = new RegExp("^rgb\\(" + [reP, reP, reP] + "\\)$"), - reRgbaInteger = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reI, reI, reI, reN] + "\\)$"), - reRgbaPercent = new RegExp("^rgba\\(" + [reP, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$"), - reHslPercent = new RegExp("^hsl\\(" + [reN, reP, reP] + "\\)$"), - reHslaPercent = new RegExp("^hsla\\(" + [reN, reP, reP, reN] + "\\)$"); - - var named = { - aliceblue: 0xf0f8ff, - antiquewhite: 0xfaebd7, - aqua: 0x00ffff, - aquamarine: 0x7fffd4, - azure: 0xf0ffff, - beige: 0xf5f5dc, - bisque: 0xffe4c4, - black: 0x000000, - blanchedalmond: 0xffebcd, - blue: 0x0000ff, - blueviolet: 0x8a2be2, - brown: 0xa52a2a, - burlywood: 0xdeb887, - cadetblue: 0x5f9ea0, - chartreuse: 0x7fff00, - chocolate: 0xd2691e, - coral: 0xff7f50, - cornflowerblue: 0x6495ed, - cornsilk: 0xfff8dc, - crimson: 0xdc143c, - cyan: 0x00ffff, - darkblue: 0x00008b, - darkcyan: 0x008b8b, - darkgoldenrod: 0xb8860b, - darkgray: 0xa9a9a9, - darkgreen: 0x006400, - darkgrey: 0xa9a9a9, - darkkhaki: 0xbdb76b, - darkmagenta: 0x8b008b, - darkolivegreen: 0x556b2f, - darkorange: 0xff8c00, - darkorchid: 0x9932cc, - darkred: 0x8b0000, - darksalmon: 0xe9967a, - darkseagreen: 0x8fbc8f, - darkslateblue: 0x483d8b, - darkslategray: 0x2f4f4f, - darkslategrey: 0x2f4f4f, - darkturquoise: 0x00ced1, - darkviolet: 0x9400d3, - deeppink: 0xff1493, - deepskyblue: 0x00bfff, - dimgray: 0x696969, - dimgrey: 0x696969, - dodgerblue: 0x1e90ff, - firebrick: 0xb22222, - floralwhite: 0xfffaf0, - forestgreen: 0x228b22, - fuchsia: 0xff00ff, - gainsboro: 0xdcdcdc, - ghostwhite: 0xf8f8ff, - gold: 0xffd700, - goldenrod: 0xdaa520, - gray: 0x808080, - green: 0x008000, - greenyellow: 0xadff2f, - grey: 0x808080, - honeydew: 0xf0fff0, - hotpink: 0xff69b4, - indianred: 0xcd5c5c, - indigo: 0x4b0082, - ivory: 0xfffff0, - khaki: 0xf0e68c, - lavender: 0xe6e6fa, - lavenderblush: 0xfff0f5, - lawngreen: 0x7cfc00, - lemonchiffon: 0xfffacd, - lightblue: 0xadd8e6, - lightcoral: 0xf08080, - lightcyan: 0xe0ffff, - lightgoldenrodyellow: 0xfafad2, - lightgray: 0xd3d3d3, - lightgreen: 0x90ee90, - lightgrey: 0xd3d3d3, - lightpink: 0xffb6c1, - lightsalmon: 0xffa07a, - lightseagreen: 0x20b2aa, - lightskyblue: 0x87cefa, - lightslategray: 0x778899, - lightslategrey: 0x778899, - lightsteelblue: 0xb0c4de, - lightyellow: 0xffffe0, - lime: 0x00ff00, - limegreen: 0x32cd32, - linen: 0xfaf0e6, - magenta: 0xff00ff, - maroon: 0x800000, - mediumaquamarine: 0x66cdaa, - mediumblue: 0x0000cd, - mediumorchid: 0xba55d3, - mediumpurple: 0x9370db, - mediumseagreen: 0x3cb371, - mediumslateblue: 0x7b68ee, - mediumspringgreen: 0x00fa9a, - mediumturquoise: 0x48d1cc, - mediumvioletred: 0xc71585, - midnightblue: 0x191970, - mintcream: 0xf5fffa, - mistyrose: 0xffe4e1, - moccasin: 0xffe4b5, - navajowhite: 0xffdead, - navy: 0x000080, - oldlace: 0xfdf5e6, - olive: 0x808000, - olivedrab: 0x6b8e23, - orange: 0xffa500, - orangered: 0xff4500, - orchid: 0xda70d6, - palegoldenrod: 0xeee8aa, - palegreen: 0x98fb98, - paleturquoise: 0xafeeee, - palevioletred: 0xdb7093, - papayawhip: 0xffefd5, - peachpuff: 0xffdab9, - peru: 0xcd853f, - pink: 0xffc0cb, - plum: 0xdda0dd, - powderblue: 0xb0e0e6, - purple: 0x800080, - rebeccapurple: 0x663399, - red: 0xff0000, - rosybrown: 0xbc8f8f, - royalblue: 0x4169e1, - saddlebrown: 0x8b4513, - salmon: 0xfa8072, - sandybrown: 0xf4a460, - seagreen: 0x2e8b57, - seashell: 0xfff5ee, - sienna: 0xa0522d, - silver: 0xc0c0c0, - skyblue: 0x87ceeb, - slateblue: 0x6a5acd, - slategray: 0x708090, - slategrey: 0x708090, - snow: 0xfffafa, - springgreen: 0x00ff7f, - steelblue: 0x4682b4, - tan: 0xd2b48c, - teal: 0x008080, - thistle: 0xd8bfd8, - tomato: 0xff6347, - turquoise: 0x40e0d0, - violet: 0xee82ee, - wheat: 0xf5deb3, - white: 0xffffff, - whitesmoke: 0xf5f5f5, - yellow: 0xffff00, - yellowgreen: 0x9acd32 - }; - - define(Color, color, { - copy: function(channels) { - return Object.assign(new this.constructor, this, channels); - }, - displayable: function() { - return this.rgb().displayable(); - }, - hex: color_formatHex, // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex. - formatHex: color_formatHex, - formatHsl: color_formatHsl, - formatRgb: color_formatRgb, - toString: color_formatRgb - }); - - function color_formatHex() { - return this.rgb().formatHex(); - } - - function color_formatHsl() { - return hslConvert(this).formatHsl(); - } - - function color_formatRgb() { - return this.rgb().formatRgb(); - } - - function color(format) { - var m, l; - format = (format + "").trim().toLowerCase(); - return (m = reHex.exec(format)) ? (l = m[1].length, m = parseInt(m[1], 16), l === 6 ? rgbn(m) // #ff0000 - : l === 3 ? new Rgb((m >> 8 & 0xf) | (m >> 4 & 0xf0), (m >> 4 & 0xf) | (m & 0xf0), ((m & 0xf) << 4) | (m & 0xf), 1) // #f00 - : l === 8 ? rgba(m >> 24 & 0xff, m >> 16 & 0xff, m >> 8 & 0xff, (m & 0xff) / 0xff) // #ff000000 - : l === 4 ? rgba((m >> 12 & 0xf) | (m >> 8 & 0xf0), (m >> 8 & 0xf) | (m >> 4 & 0xf0), (m >> 4 & 0xf) | (m & 0xf0), (((m & 0xf) << 4) | (m & 0xf)) / 0xff) // #f000 - : null) // invalid hex - : (m = reRgbInteger.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1], m[2], m[3], 1) // rgb(255, 0, 0) - : (m = reRgbPercent.exec(format)) ? new Rgb(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, 1) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%) - : (m = reRgbaInteger.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4]) // rgba(255, 0, 0, 1) - : (m = reRgbaPercent.exec(format)) ? rgba(m[1] * 255 / 100, m[2] * 255 / 100, m[3] * 255 / 100, m[4]) // rgb(100%, 0%, 0%, 1) - : (m = reHslPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, 1) // hsl(120, 50%, 50%) - : (m = reHslaPercent.exec(format)) ? hsla(m[1], m[2] / 100, m[3] / 100, m[4]) // hsla(120, 50%, 50%, 1) - : named.hasOwnProperty(format) ? rgbn(named[format]) // eslint-disable-line no-prototype-builtins - : format === "transparent" ? new Rgb(NaN, NaN, NaN, 0) - : null; - } - - function rgbn(n) { - return new Rgb(n >> 16 & 0xff, n >> 8 & 0xff, n & 0xff, 1); - } - - function rgba(r, g, b, a) { - if (a <= 0) r = g = b = NaN; - return new Rgb(r, g, b, a); - } - - function rgbConvert(o) { - if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o); - if (!o) return new Rgb; - o = o.rgb(); - return new Rgb(o.r, o.g, o.b, o.opacity); - } - - function rgb(r, g, b, opacity) { - return arguments.length === 1 ? rgbConvert(r) : new Rgb(r, g, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity); - } - - function Rgb(r, g, b, opacity) { - this.r = +r; - this.g = +g; - this.b = +b; - this.opacity = +opacity; - } - - define(Rgb, rgb, extend(Color, { - brighter: function(k) { - k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k); - return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity); - }, - darker: function(k) { - k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k); - return new Rgb(this.r * k, this.g * k, this.b * k, this.opacity); - }, - rgb: function() { - return this; - }, - displayable: function() { - return (-0.5 <= this.r && this.r < 255.5) - && (-0.5 <= this.g && this.g < 255.5) - && (-0.5 <= this.b && this.b < 255.5) - && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1); - }, - hex: rgb_formatHex, // Deprecated! Use color.formatHex. - formatHex: rgb_formatHex, - formatRgb: rgb_formatRgb, - toString: rgb_formatRgb - })); - - function rgb_formatHex() { - return "#" + hex(this.r) + hex(this.g) + hex(this.b); - } - - function rgb_formatRgb() { - var a = this.opacity; a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a)); - return (a === 1 ? "rgb(" : "rgba(") - + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.r) || 0)) + ", " - + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.g) || 0)) + ", " - + Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(this.b) || 0)) - + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")"); - } - - function hex(value) { - value = Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(value) || 0)); - return (value < 16 ? "0" : "") + value.toString(16); - } - - function hsla(h, s, l, a) { - if (a <= 0) h = s = l = NaN; - else if (l <= 0 || l >= 1) h = s = NaN; - else if (s <= 0) h = NaN; - return new Hsl(h, s, l, a); - } - - function hslConvert(o) { - if (o instanceof Hsl) return new Hsl(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity); - if (!(o instanceof Color)) o = color(o); - if (!o) return new Hsl; - if (o instanceof Hsl) return o; - o = o.rgb(); - var r = o.r / 255, - g = o.g / 255, - b = o.b / 255, - min = Math.min(r, g, b), - max = Math.max(r, g, b), - h = NaN, - s = max - min, - l = (max + min) / 2; - if (s) { - if (r === max) h = (g - b) / s + (g < b) * 6; - else if (g === max) h = (b - r) / s + 2; - else h = (r - g) / s + 4; - s /= l < 0.5 ? max + min : 2 - max - min; - h *= 60; - } else { - s = l > 0 && l < 1 ? 0 : h; - } - return new Hsl(h, s, l, o.opacity); - } - - function hsl(h, s, l, opacity) { - return arguments.length === 1 ? hslConvert(h) : new Hsl(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity); - } - - function Hsl(h, s, l, opacity) { - this.h = +h; - this.s = +s; - this.l = +l; - this.opacity = +opacity; - } - - define(Hsl, hsl, extend(Color, { - brighter: function(k) { - k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k); - return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity); - }, - darker: function(k) { - k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k); - return new Hsl(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity); - }, - rgb: function() { - var h = this.h % 360 + (this.h < 0) * 360, - s = isNaN(h) || isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s, - l = this.l, - m2 = l + (l < 0.5 ? l : 1 - l) * s, - m1 = 2 * l - m2; - return new Rgb( - hsl2rgb(h >= 240 ? h - 240 : h + 120, m1, m2), - hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2), - hsl2rgb(h < 120 ? h + 240 : h - 120, m1, m2), - this.opacity - ); - }, - displayable: function() { - return (0 <= this.s && this.s <= 1 || isNaN(this.s)) - && (0 <= this.l && this.l <= 1) - && (0 <= this.opacity && this.opacity <= 1); - }, - formatHsl: function() { - var a = this.opacity; a = isNaN(a) ? 1 : Math.max(0, Math.min(1, a)); - return (a === 1 ? "hsl(" : "hsla(") - + (this.h || 0) + ", " - + (this.s || 0) * 100 + "%, " - + (this.l || 0) * 100 + "%" - + (a === 1 ? ")" : ", " + a + ")"); - } - })); - - /* From FvD 13.37, CSS Color Module Level 3 */ - function hsl2rgb(h, m1, m2) { - return (h < 60 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * h / 60 - : h < 180 ? m2 - : h < 240 ? m1 + (m2 - m1) * (240 - h) / 60 - : m1) * 255; - } - - var deg2rad = Math.PI / 180; - var rad2deg = 180 / Math.PI; - - // https://observablehq.com/@mbostock/lab-and-rgb - var K = 18, - Xn = 0.96422, - Yn = 1, - Zn = 0.82521, - t0 = 4 / 29, - t1 = 6 / 29, - t2 = 3 * t1 * t1, - t3 = t1 * t1 * t1; - - function labConvert(o) { - if (o instanceof Lab) return new Lab(o.l, o.a, o.b, o.opacity); - if (o instanceof Hcl) return hcl2lab(o); - if (!(o instanceof Rgb)) o = rgbConvert(o); - var r = rgb2lrgb(o.r), - g = rgb2lrgb(o.g), - b = rgb2lrgb(o.b), - y = xyz2lab((0.2225045 * r + 0.7168786 * g + 0.0606169 * b) / Yn), x, z; - if (r === g && g === b) x = z = y; else { - x = xyz2lab((0.4360747 * r + 0.3850649 * g + 0.1430804 * b) / Xn); - z = xyz2lab((0.0139322 * r + 0.0971045 * g + 0.7141733 * b) / Zn); - } - return new Lab(116 * y - 16, 500 * (x - y), 200 * (y - z), o.opacity); - } - - function lab(l, a, b, opacity) { - return arguments.length === 1 ? labConvert(l) : new Lab(l, a, b, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity); - } - - function Lab(l, a, b, opacity) { - this.l = +l; - this.a = +a; - this.b = +b; - this.opacity = +opacity; - } - - define(Lab, lab, extend(Color, { - brighter: function(k) { - return new Lab(this.l + K * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.a, this.b, this.opacity); - }, - darker: function(k) { - return new Lab(this.l - K * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.a, this.b, this.opacity); - }, - rgb: function() { - var y = (this.l + 16) / 116, - x = isNaN(this.a) ? y : y + this.a / 500, - z = isNaN(this.b) ? y : y - this.b / 200; - x = Xn * lab2xyz(x); - y = Yn * lab2xyz(y); - z = Zn * lab2xyz(z); - return new Rgb( - lrgb2rgb( 3.1338561 * x - 1.6168667 * y - 0.4906146 * z), - lrgb2rgb(-0.9787684 * x + 1.9161415 * y + 0.0334540 * z), - lrgb2rgb( 0.0719453 * x - 0.2289914 * y + 1.4052427 * z), - this.opacity - ); - } - })); - - function xyz2lab(t) { - return t > t3 ? Math.pow(t, 1 / 3) : t / t2 + t0; - } - - function lab2xyz(t) { - return t > t1 ? t * t * t : t2 * (t - t0); - } - - function lrgb2rgb(x) { - return 255 * (x <= 0.0031308 ? 12.92 * x : 1.055 * Math.pow(x, 1 / 2.4) - 0.055); - } - - function rgb2lrgb(x) { - return (x /= 255) <= 0.04045 ? x / 12.92 : Math.pow((x + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4); - } - - function hclConvert(o) { - if (o instanceof Hcl) return new Hcl(o.h, o.c, o.l, o.opacity); - if (!(o instanceof Lab)) o = labConvert(o); - if (o.a === 0 && o.b === 0) return new Hcl(NaN, 0 < o.l && o.l < 100 ? 0 : NaN, o.l, o.opacity); - var h = Math.atan2(o.b, o.a) * rad2deg; - return new Hcl(h < 0 ? h + 360 : h, Math.sqrt(o.a * o.a + o.b * o.b), o.l, o.opacity); - } - - function hcl(h, c, l, opacity) { - return arguments.length === 1 ? hclConvert(h) : new Hcl(h, c, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity); - } - - function Hcl(h, c, l, opacity) { - this.h = +h; - this.c = +c; - this.l = +l; - this.opacity = +opacity; - } - - function hcl2lab(o) { - if (isNaN(o.h)) return new Lab(o.l, 0, 0, o.opacity); - var h = o.h * deg2rad; - return new Lab(o.l, Math.cos(h) * o.c, Math.sin(h) * o.c, o.opacity); - } - - define(Hcl, hcl, extend(Color, { - brighter: function(k) { - return new Hcl(this.h, this.c, this.l + K * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.opacity); - }, - darker: function(k) { - return new Hcl(this.h, this.c, this.l - K * (k == null ? 1 : k), this.opacity); - }, - rgb: function() { - return hcl2lab(this).rgb(); - } - })); - - var A = -0.14861, - B = +1.78277, - C = -0.29227, - D = -0.90649, - E = +1.97294, - ED = E * D, - EB = E * B, - BC_DA = B * C - D * A; - - function cubehelixConvert(o) { - if (o instanceof Cubehelix) return new Cubehelix(o.h, o.s, o.l, o.opacity); - if (!(o instanceof Rgb)) o = rgbConvert(o); - var r = o.r / 255, - g = o.g / 255, - b = o.b / 255, - l = (BC_DA * b + ED * r - EB * g) / (BC_DA + ED - EB), - bl = b - l, - k = (E * (g - l) - C * bl) / D, - s = Math.sqrt(k * k + bl * bl) / (E * l * (1 - l)), // NaN if l=0 or l=1 - h = s ? Math.atan2(k, bl) * rad2deg - 120 : NaN; - return new Cubehelix(h < 0 ? h + 360 : h, s, l, o.opacity); - } - - function cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity) { - return arguments.length === 1 ? cubehelixConvert(h) : new Cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity == null ? 1 : opacity); - } - - function Cubehelix(h, s, l, opacity) { - this.h = +h; - this.s = +s; - this.l = +l; - this.opacity = +opacity; - } - - define(Cubehelix, cubehelix, extend(Color, { - brighter: function(k) { - k = k == null ? brighter : Math.pow(brighter, k); - return new Cubehelix(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity); - }, - darker: function(k) { - k = k == null ? darker : Math.pow(darker, k); - return new Cubehelix(this.h, this.s, this.l * k, this.opacity); - }, - rgb: function() { - var h = isNaN(this.h) ? 0 : (this.h + 120) * deg2rad, - l = +this.l, - a = isNaN(this.s) ? 0 : this.s * l * (1 - l), - cosh = Math.cos(h), - sinh = Math.sin(h); - return new Rgb( - 255 * (l + a * (A * cosh + B * sinh)), - 255 * (l + a * (C * cosh + D * sinh)), - 255 * (l + a * (E * cosh)), - this.opacity - ); - } - })); - - function constant(x) { - return function() { - return x; - }; - } - - function linear(a, d) { - return function(t) { - return a + t * d; - }; - } - - function exponential(a, b, y) { - return a = Math.pow(a, y), b = Math.pow(b, y) - a, y = 1 / y, function(t) { - return Math.pow(a + t * b, y); - }; - } - - function gamma(y) { - return (y = +y) === 1 ? nogamma : function(a, b) { - return b - a ? exponential(a, b, y) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a); - }; - } - - function nogamma(a, b) { - var d = b - a; - return d ? linear(a, d) : constant(isNaN(a) ? b : a); - } - - var rgb$1 = (function rgbGamma(y) { - var color = gamma(y); - - function rgb$1(start, end) { - var r = color((start = rgb(start)).r, (end = rgb(end)).r), - g = color(start.g, end.g), - b = color(start.b, end.b), - opacity = nogamma(start.opacity, end.opacity); - return function(t) { - start.r = r(t); - start.g = g(t); - start.b = b(t); - start.opacity = opacity(t); - return start + ""; - }; - } - - rgb$1.gamma = rgbGamma; - - return rgb$1; - })(1); - - function numberArray(a, b) { - if (!b) b = []; - var n = a ? Math.min(b.length, a.length) : 0, - c = b.slice(), - i; - return function(t) { - for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) c[i] = a[i] * (1 - t) + b[i] * t; - return c; - }; - } - - function isNumberArray(x) { - return ArrayBuffer.isView(x) && !(x instanceof DataView); - } - - function genericArray(a, b) { - var nb = b ? b.length : 0, - na = a ? Math.min(nb, a.length) : 0, - x = new Array(na), - c = new Array(nb), - i; - - for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) x[i] = interpolate(a[i], b[i]); - for (; i < nb; ++i) c[i] = b[i]; - - return function(t) { - for (i = 0; i < na; ++i) c[i] = x[i](t); - return c; - }; - } - - function date(a, b) { - var d = new Date; - return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) { - return d.setTime(a * (1 - t) + b * t), d; - }; - } - - function interpolateNumber(a, b) { - return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) { - return a * (1 - t) + b * t; - }; - } - - function object(a, b) { - var i = {}, - c = {}, - k; - - if (a === null || typeof a !== "object") a = {}; - if (b === null || typeof b !== "object") b = {}; - - for (k in b) { - if (k in a) { - i[k] = interpolate(a[k], b[k]); - } else { - c[k] = b[k]; - } - } - - return function(t) { - for (k in i) c[k] = i[k](t); - return c; - }; - } - - var reA = /[-+]?(?:\d+\.?\d*|\.?\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g, - reB = new RegExp(reA.source, "g"); - - function zero(b) { - return function() { - return b; - }; - } - - function one(b) { - return function(t) { - return b(t) + ""; - }; - } - - function string(a, b) { - var bi = reA.lastIndex = reB.lastIndex = 0, // scan index for next number in b - am, // current match in a - bm, // current match in b - bs, // string preceding current number in b, if any - i = -1, // index in s - s = [], // string constants and placeholders - q = []; // number interpolators - - // Coerce inputs to strings. - a = a + "", b = b + ""; - - // Interpolate pairs of numbers in a & b. - while ((am = reA.exec(a)) - && (bm = reB.exec(b))) { - if ((bs = bm.index) > bi) { // a string precedes the next number in b - bs = b.slice(bi, bs); - if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string - else s[++i] = bs; - } - if ((am = am[0]) === (bm = bm[0])) { // numbers in a & b match - if (s[i]) s[i] += bm; // coalesce with previous string - else s[++i] = bm; - } else { // interpolate non-matching numbers - s[++i] = null; - q.push({i: i, x: interpolateNumber(am, bm)}); - } - bi = reB.lastIndex; - } - - // Add remains of b. - if (bi < b.length) { - bs = b.slice(bi); - if (s[i]) s[i] += bs; // coalesce with previous string - else s[++i] = bs; - } - - // Special optimization for only a single match. - // Otherwise, interpolate each of the numbers and rejoin the string. - return s.length < 2 ? (q[0] - ? one(q[0].x) - : zero(b)) - : (b = q.length, function(t) { - for (var i = 0, o; i < b; ++i) s[(o = q[i]).i] = o.x(t); - return s.join(""); - }); - } - - function interpolate(a, b) { - var t = typeof b, c; - return b == null || t === "boolean" ? constant(b) - : (t === "number" ? interpolateNumber - : t === "string" ? ((c = color(b)) ? (b = c, rgb$1) : string) - : b instanceof color ? rgb$1 - : b instanceof Date ? date - : isNumberArray(b) ? numberArray - : Array.isArray(b) ? genericArray - : typeof b.valueOf !== "function" && typeof b.toString !== "function" || isNaN(b) ? object - : interpolateNumber)(a, b); - } - - function interpolateRound(a, b) { - return a = +a, b = +b, function(t) { - return Math.round(a * (1 - t) + b * t); - }; - } - - function constant$1(x) { - return function() { - return x; - }; - } - - function number(x) { - return +x; - } - - var unit = [0, 1]; - - function identity(x) { - return x; - } - - function normalize(a, b) { - return (b -= (a = +a)) - ? function(x) { return (x - a) / b; } - : constant$1(isNaN(b) ? NaN : 0.5); - } - - function clamper(a, b) { - var t; - if (a > b) t = a, a = b, b = t; - return function(x) { return Math.max(a, Math.min(b, x)); }; - } - - // normalize(a, b)(x) takes a domain value x in [a,b] and returns the corresponding parameter t in [0,1]. - // interpolate(a, b)(t) takes a parameter t in [0,1] and returns the corresponding range value x in [a,b]. - function bimap(domain, range, interpolate) { - var d0 = domain[0], d1 = domain[1], r0 = range[0], r1 = range[1]; - if (d1 < d0) d0 = normalize(d1, d0), r0 = interpolate(r1, r0); - else d0 = normalize(d0, d1), r0 = interpolate(r0, r1); - return function(x) { return r0(d0(x)); }; - } - - function polymap(domain, range, interpolate) { - var j = Math.min(domain.length, range.length) - 1, - d = new Array(j), - r = new Array(j), - i = -1; - - // Reverse descending domains. - if (domain[j] < domain[0]) { - domain = domain.slice().reverse(); - range = range.slice().reverse(); - } - - while (++i < j) { - d[i] = normalize(domain[i], domain[i + 1]); - r[i] = interpolate(range[i], range[i + 1]); - } - - return function(x) { - var i = bisectRight(domain, x, 1, j) - 1; - return r[i](d[i](x)); - }; - } - - function copy(source, target) { - return target - .domain(source.domain()) - .range(source.range()) - .interpolate(source.interpolate()) - .clamp(source.clamp()) - .unknown(source.unknown()); - } - - function transformer() { - var domain = unit, - range = unit, - interpolate$1 = interpolate, - transform, - untransform, - unknown, - clamp = identity, - piecewise, - output, - input; - - function rescale() { - var n = Math.min(domain.length, range.length); - if (clamp !== identity) clamp = clamper(domain[0], domain[n - 1]); - piecewise = n > 2 ? polymap : bimap; - output = input = null; - return scale; - } - - function scale(x) { - return isNaN(x = +x) ? unknown : (output || (output = piecewise(domain.map(transform), range, interpolate$1)))(transform(clamp(x))); - } - - scale.invert = function(y) { - return clamp(untransform((input || (input = piecewise(range, domain.map(transform), interpolateNumber)))(y))); - }; - - scale.domain = function(_) { - return arguments.length ? (domain = Array.from(_, number), rescale()) : domain.slice(); - }; - - scale.range = function(_) { - return arguments.length ? (range = Array.from(_), rescale()) : range.slice(); - }; - - scale.rangeRound = function(_) { - return range = Array.from(_), interpolate$1 = interpolateRound, rescale(); - }; - - scale.clamp = function(_) { - return arguments.length ? (clamp = _ ? true : identity, rescale()) : clamp !== identity; - }; - - scale.interpolate = function(_) { - return arguments.length ? (interpolate$1 = _, rescale()) : interpolate$1; - }; - - scale.unknown = function(_) { - return arguments.length ? (unknown = _, scale) : unknown; - }; - - return function(t, u) { - transform = t, untransform = u; - return rescale(); - }; - } - - function continuous() { - return transformer()(identity, identity); - } - - // Computes the decimal coefficient and exponent of the specified number x with - // significant digits p, where x is positive and p is in [1, 21] or undefined. - // For example, formatDecimal(1.23) returns ["123", 0]. - function formatDecimal(x, p) { - if ((i = (x = p ? x.toExponential(p - 1) : x.toExponential()).indexOf("e")) < 0) return null; // NaN, ±Infinity - var i, coefficient = x.slice(0, i); - - // The string returned by toExponential either has the form \d\.\d+e[-+]\d+ - // (e.g., 1.2e+3) or the form \de[-+]\d+ (e.g., 1e+3). - return [ - coefficient.length > 1 ? coefficient[0] + coefficient.slice(2) : coefficient, - +x.slice(i + 1) - ]; - } - - function exponent(x) { - return x = formatDecimal(Math.abs(x)), x ? x[1] : NaN; - } - - function formatGroup(grouping, thousands) { - return function(value, width) { - var i = value.length, - t = [], - j = 0, - g = grouping[0], - length = 0; - - while (i > 0 && g > 0) { - if (length + g + 1 > width) g = Math.max(1, width - length); - t.push(value.substring(i -= g, i + g)); - if ((length += g + 1) > width) break; - g = grouping[j = (j + 1) % grouping.length]; - } - - return t.reverse().join(thousands); - }; - } - - function formatNumerals(numerals) { - return function(value) { - return value.replace(/[0-9]/g, function(i) { - return numerals[+i]; - }); - }; - } - - // [[fill]align][sign][symbol][0][width][,][.precision][~][type] - var re = /^(?:(.)?([<>=^]))?([+\-( ])?([$#])?(0)?(\d+)?(,)?(\.\d+)?(~)?([a-z%])?$/i; - - function formatSpecifier(specifier) { - if (!(match = re.exec(specifier))) throw new Error("invalid format: " + specifier); - var match; - return new FormatSpecifier({ - fill: match[1], - align: match[2], - sign: match[3], - symbol: match[4], - zero: match[5], - width: match[6], - comma: match[7], - precision: match[8] && match[8].slice(1), - trim: match[9], - type: match[10] - }); - } - - formatSpecifier.prototype = FormatSpecifier.prototype; // instanceof - - function FormatSpecifier(specifier) { - this.fill = specifier.fill === undefined ? " " : specifier.fill + ""; - this.align = specifier.align === undefined ? ">" : specifier.align + ""; - this.sign = specifier.sign === undefined ? "-" : specifier.sign + ""; - this.symbol = specifier.symbol === undefined ? "" : specifier.symbol + ""; - this.zero = !!specifier.zero; - this.width = specifier.width === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.width; - this.comma = !!specifier.comma; - this.precision = specifier.precision === undefined ? undefined : +specifier.precision; - this.trim = !!specifier.trim; - this.type = specifier.type === undefined ? "" : specifier.type + ""; - } - - FormatSpecifier.prototype.toString = function() { - return this.fill - + this.align - + this.sign - + this.symbol - + (this.zero ? "0" : "") - + (this.width === undefined ? "" : Math.max(1, this.width | 0)) - + (this.comma ? "," : "") - + (this.precision === undefined ? "" : "." + Math.max(0, this.precision | 0)) - + (this.trim ? "~" : "") - + this.type; - }; - - // Trims insignificant zeros, e.g., replaces 1.2000k with 1.2k. - function formatTrim(s) { - out: for (var n = s.length, i = 1, i0 = -1, i1; i < n; ++i) { - switch (s[i]) { - case ".": i0 = i1 = i; break; - case "0": if (i0 === 0) i0 = i; i1 = i; break; - default: if (!+s[i]) break out; if (i0 > 0) i0 = 0; break; - } - } - return i0 > 0 ? s.slice(0, i0) + s.slice(i1 + 1) : s; - } - - var prefixExponent; - - function formatPrefixAuto(x, p) { - var d = formatDecimal(x, p); - if (!d) return x + ""; - var coefficient = d[0], - exponent = d[1], - i = exponent - (prefixExponent = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent / 3))) * 3) + 1, - n = coefficient.length; - return i === n ? coefficient - : i > n ? coefficient + new Array(i - n + 1).join("0") - : i > 0 ? coefficient.slice(0, i) + "." + coefficient.slice(i) - : "0." + new Array(1 - i).join("0") + formatDecimal(x, Math.max(0, p + i - 1))[0]; // less than 1y! - } - - function formatRounded(x, p) { - var d = formatDecimal(x, p); - if (!d) return x + ""; - var coefficient = d[0], - exponent = d[1]; - return exponent < 0 ? "0." + new Array(-exponent).join("0") + coefficient - : coefficient.length > exponent + 1 ? coefficient.slice(0, exponent + 1) + "." + coefficient.slice(exponent + 1) - : coefficient + new Array(exponent - coefficient.length + 2).join("0"); - } - - var formatTypes = { - "%": function(x, p) { return (x * 100).toFixed(p); }, - "b": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(2); }, - "c": function(x) { return x + ""; }, - "d": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(10); }, - "e": function(x, p) { return x.toExponential(p); }, - "f": function(x, p) { return x.toFixed(p); }, - "g": function(x, p) { return x.toPrecision(p); }, - "o": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(8); }, - "p": function(x, p) { return formatRounded(x * 100, p); }, - "r": formatRounded, - "s": formatPrefixAuto, - "X": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16).toUpperCase(); }, - "x": function(x) { return Math.round(x).toString(16); } - }; - - function identity$1(x) { - return x; - } - - var map = Array.prototype.map, - prefixes = ["y","z","a","f","p","n","µ","m","","k","M","G","T","P","E","Z","Y"]; - - function formatLocale(locale) { - var group = locale.grouping === undefined || locale.thousands === undefined ? identity$1 : formatGroup(map.call(locale.grouping, Number), locale.thousands + ""), - currencyPrefix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[0] + "", - currencySuffix = locale.currency === undefined ? "" : locale.currency[1] + "", - decimal = locale.decimal === undefined ? "." : locale.decimal + "", - numerals = locale.numerals === undefined ? identity$1 : formatNumerals(map.call(locale.numerals, String)), - percent = locale.percent === undefined ? "%" : locale.percent + "", - minus = locale.minus === undefined ? "-" : locale.minus + "", - nan = locale.nan === undefined ? "NaN" : locale.nan + ""; - - function newFormat(specifier) { - specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier); - - var fill = specifier.fill, - align = specifier.align, - sign = specifier.sign, - symbol = specifier.symbol, - zero = specifier.zero, - width = specifier.width, - comma = specifier.comma, - precision = specifier.precision, - trim = specifier.trim, - type = specifier.type; - - // The "n" type is an alias for ",g". - if (type === "n") comma = true, type = "g"; - - // The "" type, and any invalid type, is an alias for ".12~g". - else if (!formatTypes[type]) precision === undefined && (precision = 12), trim = true, type = "g"; - - // If zero fill is specified, padding goes after sign and before digits. - if (zero || (fill === "0" && align === "=")) zero = true, fill = "0", align = "="; - - // Compute the prefix and suffix. - // For SI-prefix, the suffix is lazily computed. - var prefix = symbol === "$" ? currencyPrefix : symbol === "#" && /[boxX]/.test(type) ? "0" + type.toLowerCase() : "", - suffix = symbol === "$" ? currencySuffix : /[%p]/.test(type) ? percent : ""; - - // What format function should we use? - // Is this an integer type? - // Can this type generate exponential notation? - var formatType = formatTypes[type], - maybeSuffix = /[defgprs%]/.test(type); - - // Set the default precision if not specified, - // or clamp the specified precision to the supported range. - // For significant precision, it must be in [1, 21]. - // For fixed precision, it must be in [0, 20]. - precision = precision === undefined ? 6 - : /[gprs]/.test(type) ? Math.max(1, Math.min(21, precision)) - : Math.max(0, Math.min(20, precision)); - - function format(value) { - var valuePrefix = prefix, - valueSuffix = suffix, - i, n, c; - - if (type === "c") { - valueSuffix = formatType(value) + valueSuffix; - value = ""; - } else { - value = +value; - - // Determine the sign. -0 is not less than 0, but 1 / -0 is! - var valueNegative = value < 0 || 1 / value < 0; - - // Perform the initial formatting. - value = isNaN(value) ? nan : formatType(Math.abs(value), precision); - - // Trim insignificant zeros. - if (trim) value = formatTrim(value); - - // If a negative value rounds to zero after formatting, and no explicit positive sign is requested, hide the sign. - if (valueNegative && +value === 0 && sign !== "+") valueNegative = false; - - // Compute the prefix and suffix. - valuePrefix = (valueNegative ? (sign === "(" ? sign : minus) : sign === "-" || sign === "(" ? "" : sign) + valuePrefix; - valueSuffix = (type === "s" ? prefixes[8 + prefixExponent / 3] : "") + valueSuffix + (valueNegative && sign === "(" ? ")" : ""); - - // Break the formatted value into the integer “value” part that can be - // grouped, and fractional or exponential “suffix” part that is not. - if (maybeSuffix) { - i = -1, n = value.length; - while (++i < n) { - if (c = value.charCodeAt(i), 48 > c || c > 57) { - valueSuffix = (c === 46 ? decimal + value.slice(i + 1) : value.slice(i)) + valueSuffix; - value = value.slice(0, i); - break; - } - } - } - } - - // If the fill character is not "0", grouping is applied before padding. - if (comma && !zero) value = group(value, Infinity); - - // Compute the padding. - var length = valuePrefix.length + value.length + valueSuffix.length, - padding = length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) : ""; - - // If the fill character is "0", grouping is applied after padding. - if (comma && zero) value = group(padding + value, padding.length ? width - valueSuffix.length : Infinity), padding = ""; - - // Reconstruct the final output based on the desired alignment. - switch (align) { - case "<": value = valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding; break; - case "=": value = valuePrefix + padding + value + valueSuffix; break; - case "^": value = padding.slice(0, length = padding.length >> 1) + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix + padding.slice(length); break; - default: value = padding + valuePrefix + value + valueSuffix; break; - } - - return numerals(value); - } - - format.toString = function() { - return specifier + ""; - }; - - return format; - } - - function formatPrefix(specifier, value) { - var f = newFormat((specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier), specifier.type = "f", specifier)), - e = Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3, - k = Math.pow(10, -e), - prefix = prefixes[8 + e / 3]; - return function(value) { - return f(k * value) + prefix; - }; - } - - return { - format: newFormat, - formatPrefix: formatPrefix - }; - } - - var locale; - var format; - var formatPrefix; - - defaultLocale({ - decimal: ".", - thousands: ",", - grouping: [3], - currency: ["$", ""], - minus: "-" - }); - - function defaultLocale(definition) { - locale = formatLocale(definition); - format = locale.format; - formatPrefix = locale.formatPrefix; - return locale; - } - - function precisionFixed(step) { - return Math.max(0, -exponent(Math.abs(step))); - } - - function precisionPrefix(step, value) { - return Math.max(0, Math.max(-8, Math.min(8, Math.floor(exponent(value) / 3))) * 3 - exponent(Math.abs(step))); - } - - function precisionRound(step, max) { - step = Math.abs(step), max = Math.abs(max) - step; - return Math.max(0, exponent(max) - exponent(step)) + 1; - } - - function tickFormat(start, stop, count, specifier) { - var step = tickStep(start, stop, count), - precision; - specifier = formatSpecifier(specifier == null ? ",f" : specifier); - switch (specifier.type) { - case "s": { - var value = Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop)); - if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionPrefix(step, value))) specifier.precision = precision; - return formatPrefix(specifier, value); - } - case "": - case "e": - case "g": - case "p": - case "r": { - if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionRound(step, Math.max(Math.abs(start), Math.abs(stop))))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "e"); - break; - } - case "f": - case "%": { - if (specifier.precision == null && !isNaN(precision = precisionFixed(step))) specifier.precision = precision - (specifier.type === "%") * 2; - break; - } - } - return format(specifier); - } - - function linearish(scale) { - var domain = scale.domain; - - scale.ticks = function(count) { - var d = domain(); - return ticks(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count); - }; - - scale.tickFormat = function(count, specifier) { - var d = domain(); - return tickFormat(d[0], d[d.length - 1], count == null ? 10 : count, specifier); - }; - - scale.nice = function(count) { - if (count == null) count = 10; - - var d = domain(), - i0 = 0, - i1 = d.length - 1, - start = d[i0], - stop = d[i1], - step; - - if (stop < start) { - step = start, start = stop, stop = step; - step = i0, i0 = i1, i1 = step; - } - - step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count); - - if (step > 0) { - start = Math.floor(start / step) * step; - stop = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step; - step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count); - } else if (step < 0) { - start = Math.ceil(start * step) / step; - stop = Math.floor(stop * step) / step; - step = tickIncrement(start, stop, count); - } - - if (step > 0) { - d[i0] = Math.floor(start / step) * step; - d[i1] = Math.ceil(stop / step) * step; - domain(d); - } else if (step < 0) { - d[i0] = Math.ceil(start * step) / step; - d[i1] = Math.floor(stop * step) / step; - domain(d); - } - - return scale; - }; - - return scale; - } - - function linear$1() { - var scale = continuous(); - - scale.copy = function() { - return copy(scale, linear$1()); - }; - - initRange.apply(scale, arguments); - - return linearish(scale); - } - - var t0$1 = new Date, - t1$1 = new Date; - - function newInterval(floori, offseti, count, field) { - - function interval(date) { - return floori(date = arguments.length === 0 ? new Date : new Date(+date)), date; - } - - interval.floor = function(date) { - return floori(date = new Date(+date)), date; - }; - - interval.ceil = function(date) { - return floori(date = new Date(date - 1)), offseti(date, 1), floori(date), date; - }; - - interval.round = function(date) { - var d0 = interval(date), - d1 = interval.ceil(date); - return date - d0 < d1 - date ? d0 : d1; - }; - - interval.offset = function(date, step) { - return offseti(date = new Date(+date), step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step)), date; - }; - - interval.range = function(start, stop, step) { - var range = [], previous; - start = interval.ceil(start); - step = step == null ? 1 : Math.floor(step); - if (!(start < stop) || !(step > 0)) return range; // also handles Invalid Date - do range.push(previous = new Date(+start)), offseti(start, step), floori(start); - while (previous < start && start < stop); - return range; - }; - - interval.filter = function(test) { - return newInterval(function(date) { - if (date >= date) while (floori(date), !test(date)) date.setTime(date - 1); - }, function(date, step) { - if (date >= date) { - if (step < 0) while (++step <= 0) { - while (offseti(date, -1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty - } else while (--step >= 0) { - while (offseti(date, +1), !test(date)) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty - } - } - }); - }; - - if (count) { - interval.count = function(start, end) { - t0$1.setTime(+start), t1$1.setTime(+end); - floori(t0$1), floori(t1$1); - return Math.floor(count(t0$1, t1$1)); - }; - - interval.every = function(step) { - step = Math.floor(step); - return !isFinite(step) || !(step > 0) ? null - : !(step > 1) ? interval - : interval.filter(field - ? function(d) { return field(d) % step === 0; } - : function(d) { return interval.count(0, d) % step === 0; }); - }; - } - - return interval; - } - - var millisecond = newInterval(function() { - // noop - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return end - start; - }); - - // An optimized implementation for this simple case. - millisecond.every = function(k) { - k = Math.floor(k); - if (!isFinite(k) || !(k > 0)) return null; - if (!(k > 1)) return millisecond; - return newInterval(function(date) { - date.setTime(Math.floor(date / k) * k); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * k); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / k; - }); - }; - - var durationSecond = 1e3; - var durationMinute = 6e4; - var durationHour = 36e5; - var durationDay = 864e5; - var durationWeek = 6048e5; - - var second = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds()); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * durationSecond); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationSecond; - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCSeconds(); - }); - - var minute = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationMinute; - }, function(date) { - return date.getMinutes(); - }); - - var hour = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setTime(date - date.getMilliseconds() - date.getSeconds() * durationSecond - date.getMinutes() * durationMinute); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationHour; - }, function(date) { - return date.getHours(); - }); - - var day = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setDate(date.getDate() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationDay; - }, function(date) { - return date.getDate() - 1; - }); - - function weekday(i) { - return newInterval(function(date) { - date.setDate(date.getDate() - (date.getDay() + 7 - i) % 7); - date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setDate(date.getDate() + step * 7); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start - (end.getTimezoneOffset() - start.getTimezoneOffset()) * durationMinute) / durationWeek; - }); - } - - var sunday = weekday(0); - var monday = weekday(1); - var tuesday = weekday(2); - var wednesday = weekday(3); - var thursday = weekday(4); - var friday = weekday(5); - var saturday = weekday(6); - - var month = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setDate(1); - date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setMonth(date.getMonth() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return end.getMonth() - start.getMonth() + (end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear()) * 12; - }, function(date) { - return date.getMonth(); - }); - - var year = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setMonth(0, 1); - date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return end.getFullYear() - start.getFullYear(); - }, function(date) { - return date.getFullYear(); - }); - - // An optimized implementation for this simple case. - year.every = function(k) { - return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : newInterval(function(date) { - date.setFullYear(Math.floor(date.getFullYear() / k) * k); - date.setMonth(0, 1); - date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setFullYear(date.getFullYear() + step * k); - }); - }; - - var utcMinute = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCSeconds(0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * durationMinute); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationMinute; - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCMinutes(); - }); - - var utcHour = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCMinutes(0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setTime(+date + step * durationHour); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationHour; - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCHours(); - }); - - var utcDay = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationDay; - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCDate() - 1; - }); - - function utcWeekday(i) { - return newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() - (date.getUTCDay() + 7 - i) % 7); - date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setUTCDate(date.getUTCDate() + step * 7); - }, function(start, end) { - return (end - start) / durationWeek; - }); - } - - var utcSunday = utcWeekday(0); - var utcMonday = utcWeekday(1); - var utcTuesday = utcWeekday(2); - var utcWednesday = utcWeekday(3); - var utcThursday = utcWeekday(4); - var utcFriday = utcWeekday(5); - var utcSaturday = utcWeekday(6); - - var utcMonth = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCDate(1); - date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setUTCMonth(date.getUTCMonth() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return end.getUTCMonth() - start.getUTCMonth() + (end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear()) * 12; - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCMonth(); - }); - - var utcYear = newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCMonth(0, 1); - date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step); - }, function(start, end) { - return end.getUTCFullYear() - start.getUTCFullYear(); - }, function(date) { - return date.getUTCFullYear(); - }); - - // An optimized implementation for this simple case. - utcYear.every = function(k) { - return !isFinite(k = Math.floor(k)) || !(k > 0) ? null : newInterval(function(date) { - date.setUTCFullYear(Math.floor(date.getUTCFullYear() / k) * k); - date.setUTCMonth(0, 1); - date.setUTCHours(0, 0, 0, 0); - }, function(date, step) { - date.setUTCFullYear(date.getUTCFullYear() + step * k); - }); - }; - - function localDate(d) { - if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) { - var date = new Date(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L); - date.setFullYear(d.y); - return date; - } - return new Date(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L); - } - - function utcDate(d) { - if (0 <= d.y && d.y < 100) { - var date = new Date(Date.UTC(-1, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L)); - date.setUTCFullYear(d.y); - return date; - } - return new Date(Date.UTC(d.y, d.m, d.d, d.H, d.M, d.S, d.L)); - } - - function newDate(y, m, d) { - return {y: y, m: m, d: d, H: 0, M: 0, S: 0, L: 0}; - } - - function formatLocale$1(locale) { - var locale_dateTime = locale.dateTime, - locale_date = locale.date, - locale_time = locale.time, - locale_periods = locale.periods, - locale_weekdays = locale.days, - locale_shortWeekdays = locale.shortDays, - locale_months = locale.months, - locale_shortMonths = locale.shortMonths; - - var periodRe = formatRe(locale_periods), - periodLookup = formatLookup(locale_periods), - weekdayRe = formatRe(locale_weekdays), - weekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_weekdays), - shortWeekdayRe = formatRe(locale_shortWeekdays), - shortWeekdayLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortWeekdays), - monthRe = formatRe(locale_months), - monthLookup = formatLookup(locale_months), - shortMonthRe = formatRe(locale_shortMonths), - shortMonthLookup = formatLookup(locale_shortMonths); - - var formats = { - "a": formatShortWeekday, - "A": formatWeekday, - "b": formatShortMonth, - "B": formatMonth, - "c": null, - "d": formatDayOfMonth, - "e": formatDayOfMonth, - "f": formatMicroseconds, - "H": formatHour24, - "I": formatHour12, - "j": formatDayOfYear, - "L": formatMilliseconds, - "m": formatMonthNumber, - "M": formatMinutes, - "p": formatPeriod, - "q": formatQuarter, - "Q": formatUnixTimestamp, - "s": formatUnixTimestampSeconds, - "S": formatSeconds, - "u": formatWeekdayNumberMonday, - "U": formatWeekNumberSunday, - "V": formatWeekNumberISO, - "w": formatWeekdayNumberSunday, - "W": formatWeekNumberMonday, - "x": null, - "X": null, - "y": formatYear, - "Y": formatFullYear, - "Z": formatZone, - "%": formatLiteralPercent - }; - - var utcFormats = { - "a": formatUTCShortWeekday, - "A": formatUTCWeekday, - "b": formatUTCShortMonth, - "B": formatUTCMonth, - "c": null, - "d": formatUTCDayOfMonth, - "e": formatUTCDayOfMonth, - "f": formatUTCMicroseconds, - "H": formatUTCHour24, - "I": formatUTCHour12, - "j": formatUTCDayOfYear, - "L": formatUTCMilliseconds, - "m": formatUTCMonthNumber, - "M": formatUTCMinutes, - "p": formatUTCPeriod, - "q": formatUTCQuarter, - "Q": formatUnixTimestamp, - "s": formatUnixTimestampSeconds, - "S": formatUTCSeconds, - "u": formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday, - "U": formatUTCWeekNumberSunday, - "V": formatUTCWeekNumberISO, - "w": formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday, - "W": formatUTCWeekNumberMonday, - "x": null, - "X": null, - "y": formatUTCYear, - "Y": formatUTCFullYear, - "Z": formatUTCZone, - "%": formatLiteralPercent - }; - - var parses = { - "a": parseShortWeekday, - "A": parseWeekday, - "b": parseShortMonth, - "B": parseMonth, - "c": parseLocaleDateTime, - "d": parseDayOfMonth, - "e": parseDayOfMonth, - "f": parseMicroseconds, - "H": parseHour24, - "I": parseHour24, - "j": parseDayOfYear, - "L": parseMilliseconds, - "m": parseMonthNumber, - "M": parseMinutes, - "p": parsePeriod, - "q": parseQuarter, - "Q": parseUnixTimestamp, - "s": parseUnixTimestampSeconds, - "S": parseSeconds, - "u": parseWeekdayNumberMonday, - "U": parseWeekNumberSunday, - "V": parseWeekNumberISO, - "w": parseWeekdayNumberSunday, - "W": parseWeekNumberMonday, - "x": parseLocaleDate, - "X": parseLocaleTime, - "y": parseYear, - "Y": parseFullYear, - "Z": parseZone, - "%": parseLiteralPercent - }; - - // These recursive directive definitions must be deferred. - formats.x = newFormat(locale_date, formats); - formats.X = newFormat(locale_time, formats); - formats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, formats); - utcFormats.x = newFormat(locale_date, utcFormats); - utcFormats.X = newFormat(locale_time, utcFormats); - utcFormats.c = newFormat(locale_dateTime, utcFormats); - - function newFormat(specifier, formats) { - return function(date) { - var string = [], - i = -1, - j = 0, - n = specifier.length, - c, - pad, - format; - - if (!(date instanceof Date)) date = new Date(+date); - - while (++i < n) { - if (specifier.charCodeAt(i) === 37) { - string.push(specifier.slice(j, i)); - if ((pad = pads[c = specifier.charAt(++i)]) != null) c = specifier.charAt(++i); - else pad = c === "e" ? " " : "0"; - if (format = formats[c]) c = format(date, pad); - string.push(c); - j = i + 1; - } - } - - string.push(specifier.slice(j, i)); - return string.join(""); - }; - } - - function newParse(specifier, Z) { - return function(string) { - var d = newDate(1900, undefined, 1), - i = parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string += "", 0), - week, day$1; - if (i != string.length) return null; - - // If a UNIX timestamp is specified, return it. - if ("Q" in d) return new Date(d.Q); - if ("s" in d) return new Date(d.s * 1000 + ("L" in d ? d.L : 0)); - - // If this is utcParse, never use the local timezone. - if (Z && !("Z" in d)) d.Z = 0; - - // The am-pm flag is 0 for AM, and 1 for PM. - if ("p" in d) d.H = d.H % 12 + d.p * 12; - - // If the month was not specified, inherit from the quarter. - if (d.m === undefined) d.m = "q" in d ? d.q : 0; - - // Convert day-of-week and week-of-year to day-of-year. - if ("V" in d) { - if (d.V < 1 || d.V > 53) return null; - if (!("w" in d)) d.w = 1; - if ("Z" in d) { - week = utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day$1 = week.getUTCDay(); - week = day$1 > 4 || day$1 === 0 ? utcMonday.ceil(week) : utcMonday(week); - week = utcDay.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7); - d.y = week.getUTCFullYear(); - d.m = week.getUTCMonth(); - d.d = week.getUTCDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7; - } else { - week = localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)), day$1 = week.getDay(); - week = day$1 > 4 || day$1 === 0 ? monday.ceil(week) : monday(week); - week = day.offset(week, (d.V - 1) * 7); - d.y = week.getFullYear(); - d.m = week.getMonth(); - d.d = week.getDate() + (d.w + 6) % 7; - } - } else if ("W" in d || "U" in d) { - if (!("w" in d)) d.w = "u" in d ? d.u % 7 : "W" in d ? 1 : 0; - day$1 = "Z" in d ? utcDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getUTCDay() : localDate(newDate(d.y, 0, 1)).getDay(); - d.m = 0; - d.d = "W" in d ? (d.w + 6) % 7 + d.W * 7 - (day$1 + 5) % 7 : d.w + d.U * 7 - (day$1 + 6) % 7; - } - - // If a time zone is specified, all fields are interpreted as UTC and then - // offset according to the specified time zone. - if ("Z" in d) { - d.H += d.Z / 100 | 0; - d.M += d.Z % 100; - return utcDate(d); - } - - // Otherwise, all fields are in local time. - return localDate(d); - }; - } - - function parseSpecifier(d, specifier, string, j) { - var i = 0, - n = specifier.length, - m = string.length, - c, - parse; - - while (i < n) { - if (j >= m) return -1; - c = specifier.charCodeAt(i++); - if (c === 37) { - c = specifier.charAt(i++); - parse = parses[c in pads ? specifier.charAt(i++) : c]; - if (!parse || ((j = parse(d, string, j)) < 0)) return -1; - } else if (c != string.charCodeAt(j++)) { - return -1; - } - } - - return j; - } - - function parsePeriod(d, string, i) { - var n = periodRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.p = periodLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseShortWeekday(d, string, i) { - var n = shortWeekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.w = shortWeekdayLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseWeekday(d, string, i) { - var n = weekdayRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.w = weekdayLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseShortMonth(d, string, i) { - var n = shortMonthRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.m = shortMonthLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseMonth(d, string, i) { - var n = monthRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.m = monthLookup[n[0].toLowerCase()], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseLocaleDateTime(d, string, i) { - return parseSpecifier(d, locale_dateTime, string, i); - } - - function parseLocaleDate(d, string, i) { - return parseSpecifier(d, locale_date, string, i); - } - - function parseLocaleTime(d, string, i) { - return parseSpecifier(d, locale_time, string, i); - } - - function formatShortWeekday(d) { - return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getDay()]; - } - - function formatWeekday(d) { - return locale_weekdays[d.getDay()]; - } - - function formatShortMonth(d) { - return locale_shortMonths[d.getMonth()]; - } - - function formatMonth(d) { - return locale_months[d.getMonth()]; - } - - function formatPeriod(d) { - return locale_periods[+(d.getHours() >= 12)]; - } - - function formatQuarter(d) { - return 1 + ~~(d.getMonth() / 3); - } - - function formatUTCShortWeekday(d) { - return locale_shortWeekdays[d.getUTCDay()]; - } - - function formatUTCWeekday(d) { - return locale_weekdays[d.getUTCDay()]; - } - - function formatUTCShortMonth(d) { - return locale_shortMonths[d.getUTCMonth()]; - } - - function formatUTCMonth(d) { - return locale_months[d.getUTCMonth()]; - } - - function formatUTCPeriod(d) { - return locale_periods[+(d.getUTCHours() >= 12)]; - } - - function formatUTCQuarter(d) { - return 1 + ~~(d.getUTCMonth() / 3); - } - - return { - format: function(specifier) { - var f = newFormat(specifier += "", formats); - f.toString = function() { return specifier; }; - return f; - }, - parse: function(specifier) { - var p = newParse(specifier += "", false); - p.toString = function() { return specifier; }; - return p; - }, - utcFormat: function(specifier) { - var f = newFormat(specifier += "", utcFormats); - f.toString = function() { return specifier; }; - return f; - }, - utcParse: function(specifier) { - var p = newParse(specifier += "", true); - p.toString = function() { return specifier; }; - return p; - } - }; - } - - var pads = {"-": "", "_": " ", "0": "0"}, - numberRe = /^\s*\d+/, // note: ignores next directive - percentRe = /^%/, - requoteRe = /[\\^$*+?|[\]().{}]/g; - - function pad(value, fill, width) { - var sign = value < 0 ? "-" : "", - string = (sign ? -value : value) + "", - length = string.length; - return sign + (length < width ? new Array(width - length + 1).join(fill) + string : string); - } - - function requote(s) { - return s.replace(requoteRe, "\\$&"); - } - - function formatRe(names) { - return new RegExp("^(?:" + names.map(requote).join("|") + ")", "i"); - } - - function formatLookup(names) { - var map = {}, i = -1, n = names.length; - while (++i < n) map[names[i].toLowerCase()] = i; - return map; - } - - function parseWeekdayNumberSunday(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1)); - return n ? (d.w = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseWeekdayNumberMonday(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1)); - return n ? (d.u = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseWeekNumberSunday(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.U = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseWeekNumberISO(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.V = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseWeekNumberMonday(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.W = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseFullYear(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 4)); - return n ? (d.y = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseYear(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.y = +n[0] + (+n[0] > 68 ? 1900 : 2000), i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseZone(d, string, i) { - var n = /^(Z)|([+-]\d\d)(?::?(\d\d))?/.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6)); - return n ? (d.Z = n[1] ? 0 : -(n[2] + (n[3] || "00")), i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseQuarter(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1)); - return n ? (d.q = n[0] * 3 - 3, i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseMonthNumber(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.m = n[0] - 1, i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseDayOfMonth(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseDayOfYear(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3)); - return n ? (d.m = 0, d.d = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseHour24(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.H = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseMinutes(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.M = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseSeconds(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 2)); - return n ? (d.S = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseMilliseconds(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 3)); - return n ? (d.L = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseMicroseconds(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 6)); - return n ? (d.L = Math.floor(n[0] / 1000), i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseLiteralPercent(d, string, i) { - var n = percentRe.exec(string.slice(i, i + 1)); - return n ? i + n[0].length : -1; - } - - function parseUnixTimestamp(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.Q = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function parseUnixTimestampSeconds(d, string, i) { - var n = numberRe.exec(string.slice(i)); - return n ? (d.s = +n[0], i + n[0].length) : -1; - } - - function formatDayOfMonth(d, p) { - return pad(d.getDate(), p, 2); - } - - function formatHour24(d, p) { - return pad(d.getHours(), p, 2); - } - - function formatHour12(d, p) { - return pad(d.getHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2); - } - - function formatDayOfYear(d, p) { - return pad(1 + day.count(year(d), d), p, 3); - } - - function formatMilliseconds(d, p) { - return pad(d.getMilliseconds(), p, 3); - } - - function formatMicroseconds(d, p) { - return formatMilliseconds(d, p) + "000"; - } - - function formatMonthNumber(d, p) { - return pad(d.getMonth() + 1, p, 2); - } - - function formatMinutes(d, p) { - return pad(d.getMinutes(), p, 2); - } - - function formatSeconds(d, p) { - return pad(d.getSeconds(), p, 2); - } - - function formatWeekdayNumberMonday(d) { - var day = d.getDay(); - return day === 0 ? 7 : day; - } - - function formatWeekNumberSunday(d, p) { - return pad(sunday.count(year(d) - 1, d), p, 2); - } - - function formatWeekNumberISO(d, p) { - var day = d.getDay(); - d = (day >= 4 || day === 0) ? thursday(d) : thursday.ceil(d); - return pad(thursday.count(year(d), d) + (year(d).getDay() === 4), p, 2); - } - - function formatWeekdayNumberSunday(d) { - return d.getDay(); - } - - function formatWeekNumberMonday(d, p) { - return pad(monday.count(year(d) - 1, d), p, 2); - } - - function formatYear(d, p) { - return pad(d.getFullYear() % 100, p, 2); - } - - function formatFullYear(d, p) { - return pad(d.getFullYear() % 10000, p, 4); - } - - function formatZone(d) { - var z = d.getTimezoneOffset(); - return (z > 0 ? "-" : (z *= -1, "+")) - + pad(z / 60 | 0, "0", 2) - + pad(z % 60, "0", 2); - } - - function formatUTCDayOfMonth(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCDate(), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCHour24(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCHours(), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCHour12(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCHours() % 12 || 12, p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCDayOfYear(d, p) { - return pad(1 + utcDay.count(utcYear(d), d), p, 3); - } - - function formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCMilliseconds(), p, 3); - } - - function formatUTCMicroseconds(d, p) { - return formatUTCMilliseconds(d, p) + "000"; - } - - function formatUTCMonthNumber(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1, p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCMinutes(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCMinutes(), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCSeconds(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCSeconds(), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCWeekdayNumberMonday(d) { - var dow = d.getUTCDay(); - return dow === 0 ? 7 : dow; - } - - function formatUTCWeekNumberSunday(d, p) { - return pad(utcSunday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCWeekNumberISO(d, p) { - var day = d.getUTCDay(); - d = (day >= 4 || day === 0) ? utcThursday(d) : utcThursday.ceil(d); - return pad(utcThursday.count(utcYear(d), d) + (utcYear(d).getUTCDay() === 4), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCWeekdayNumberSunday(d) { - return d.getUTCDay(); - } - - function formatUTCWeekNumberMonday(d, p) { - return pad(utcMonday.count(utcYear(d) - 1, d), p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCYear(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100, p, 2); - } - - function formatUTCFullYear(d, p) { - return pad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 10000, p, 4); - } - - function formatUTCZone() { - return "+0000"; - } - - function formatLiteralPercent() { - return "%"; - } - - function formatUnixTimestamp(d) { - return +d; - } - - function formatUnixTimestampSeconds(d) { - return Math.floor(+d / 1000); - } - - var locale$1; - var timeFormat; - var timeParse; - var utcFormat; - var utcParse; - - defaultLocale$1({ - dateTime: "%x, %X", - date: "%-m/%-d/%Y", - time: "%-I:%M:%S %p", - periods: ["AM", "PM"], - days: ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"], - shortDays: ["Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"], - months: ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"], - shortMonths: ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"] - }); - - function defaultLocale$1(definition) { - locale$1 = formatLocale$1(definition); - timeFormat = locale$1.format; - timeParse = locale$1.parse; - utcFormat = locale$1.utcFormat; - utcParse = locale$1.utcParse; - return locale$1; - } - - var isoSpecifier = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%LZ"; - - function formatIsoNative(date) { - return date.toISOString(); - } - - var formatIso = Date.prototype.toISOString - ? formatIsoNative - : utcFormat(isoSpecifier); - - function parseIsoNative(string) { - var date = new Date(string); - return isNaN(date) ? null : date; - } - - var parseIso = +new Date("2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") - ? parseIsoNative - : utcParse(isoSpecifier); - - var noop = {value: function() {}}; - - function dispatch() { - for (var i = 0, n = arguments.length, _ = {}, t; i < n; ++i) { - if (!(t = arguments[i] + "") || (t in _) || /[\s.]/.test(t)) throw new Error("illegal type: " + t); - _[t] = []; - } - return new Dispatch(_); - } - - function Dispatch(_) { - this._ = _; - } - - function parseTypenames(typenames, types) { - return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) { - var name = "", i = t.indexOf("."); - if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i); - if (t && !types.hasOwnProperty(t)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + t); - return {type: t, name: name}; - }); - } - - Dispatch.prototype = dispatch.prototype = { - constructor: Dispatch, - on: function(typename, callback) { - var _ = this._, - T = parseTypenames(typename + "", _), - t, - i = -1, - n = T.length; - - // If no callback was specified, return the callback of the given type and name. - if (arguments.length < 2) { - while (++i < n) if ((t = (typename = T[i]).type) && (t = get(_[t], typename.name))) return t; - return; - } - - // If a type was specified, set the callback for the given type and name. - // Otherwise, if a null callback was specified, remove callbacks of the given name. - if (callback != null && typeof callback !== "function") throw new Error("invalid callback: " + callback); - while (++i < n) { - if (t = (typename = T[i]).type) _[t] = set(_[t], typename.name, callback); - else if (callback == null) for (t in _) _[t] = set(_[t], typename.name, null); - } - - return this; - }, - copy: function() { - var copy = {}, _ = this._; - for (var t in _) copy[t] = _[t].slice(); - return new Dispatch(copy); - }, - call: function(type, that) { - if ((n = arguments.length - 2) > 0) for (var args = new Array(n), i = 0, n, t; i < n; ++i) args[i] = arguments[i + 2]; - if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type); - for (t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args); - }, - apply: function(type, that, args) { - if (!this._.hasOwnProperty(type)) throw new Error("unknown type: " + type); - for (var t = this._[type], i = 0, n = t.length; i < n; ++i) t[i].value.apply(that, args); - } - }; - - function get(type, name) { - for (var i = 0, n = type.length, c; i < n; ++i) { - if ((c = type[i]).name === name) { - return c.value; - } - } - } - - function set(type, name, callback) { - for (var i = 0, n = type.length; i < n; ++i) { - if (type[i].name === name) { - type[i] = noop, type = type.slice(0, i).concat(type.slice(i + 1)); - break; - } - } - if (callback != null) type.push({name: name, value: callback}); - return type; - } - - var xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; - - var namespaces = { - svg: "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", - xhtml: xhtml, - xlink: "http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink", - xml: "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", - xmlns: "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/" - }; - - function namespace(name) { - var prefix = name += "", i = prefix.indexOf(":"); - if (i >= 0 && (prefix = name.slice(0, i)) !== "xmlns") name = name.slice(i + 1); - return namespaces.hasOwnProperty(prefix) ? {space: namespaces[prefix], local: name} : name; - } - - function creatorInherit(name) { - return function() { - var document = this.ownerDocument, - uri = this.namespaceURI; - return uri === xhtml && document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtml - ? document.createElement(name) - : document.createElementNS(uri, name); - }; - } - - function creatorFixed(fullname) { - return function() { - return this.ownerDocument.createElementNS(fullname.space, fullname.local); - }; - } - - function creator(name) { - var fullname = namespace(name); - return (fullname.local - ? creatorFixed - : creatorInherit)(fullname); - } - - function none() {} - - function selector(selector) { - return selector == null ? none : function() { - return this.querySelector(selector); - }; - } - - function selection_select(select) { - if (typeof select !== "function") select = selector(select); - - for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, subnode, i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - if ((node = group[i]) && (subnode = select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group))) { - if ("__data__" in node) subnode.__data__ = node.__data__; - subgroup[i] = subnode; - } - } - } - - return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents); - } - - function empty() { - return []; - } - - function selectorAll(selector) { - return selector == null ? empty : function() { - return this.querySelectorAll(selector); - }; - } - - function selection_selectAll(select) { - if (typeof select !== "function") select = selectorAll(select); - - for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = [], parents = [], j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) { - subgroups.push(select.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)); - parents.push(node); - } - } - } - - return new Selection(subgroups, parents); - } - - function matcher(selector) { - return function() { - return this.matches(selector); - }; - } - - function selection_filter(match) { - if (typeof match !== "function") match = matcher(match); - - for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, subgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, subgroup = subgroups[j] = [], node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - if ((node = group[i]) && match.call(node, node.__data__, i, group)) { - subgroup.push(node); - } - } - } - - return new Selection(subgroups, this._parents); - } - - function sparse(update) { - return new Array(update.length); - } - - function selection_enter() { - return new Selection(this._enter || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents); - } - - function EnterNode(parent, datum) { - this.ownerDocument = parent.ownerDocument; - this.namespaceURI = parent.namespaceURI; - this._next = null; - this._parent = parent; - this.__data__ = datum; - } - - EnterNode.prototype = { - constructor: EnterNode, - appendChild: function(child) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, this._next); }, - insertBefore: function(child, next) { return this._parent.insertBefore(child, next); }, - querySelector: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelector(selector); }, - querySelectorAll: function(selector) { return this._parent.querySelectorAll(selector); } - }; - - function constant$2(x) { - return function() { - return x; - }; - } - - var keyPrefix = "$"; // Protect against keys like “__proto__”. - - function bindIndex(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data) { - var i = 0, - node, - groupLength = group.length, - dataLength = data.length; - - // Put any non-null nodes that fit into update. - // Put any null nodes into enter. - // Put any remaining data into enter. - for (; i < dataLength; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) { - node.__data__ = data[i]; - update[i] = node; - } else { - enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]); - } - } - - // Put any non-null nodes that don’t fit into exit. - for (; i < groupLength; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) { - exit[i] = node; - } - } - } - - function bindKey(parent, group, enter, update, exit, data, key) { - var i, - node, - nodeByKeyValue = {}, - groupLength = group.length, - dataLength = data.length, - keyValues = new Array(groupLength), - keyValue; - - // Compute the key for each node. - // If multiple nodes have the same key, the duplicates are added to exit. - for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) { - keyValues[i] = keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(node, node.__data__, i, group); - if (keyValue in nodeByKeyValue) { - exit[i] = node; - } else { - nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = node; - } - } - } - - // Compute the key for each datum. - // If there a node associated with this key, join and add it to update. - // If there is not (or the key is a duplicate), add it to enter. - for (i = 0; i < dataLength; ++i) { - keyValue = keyPrefix + key.call(parent, data[i], i, data); - if (node = nodeByKeyValue[keyValue]) { - update[i] = node; - node.__data__ = data[i]; - nodeByKeyValue[keyValue] = null; - } else { - enter[i] = new EnterNode(parent, data[i]); - } - } - - // Add any remaining nodes that were not bound to data to exit. - for (i = 0; i < groupLength; ++i) { - if ((node = group[i]) && (nodeByKeyValue[keyValues[i]] === node)) { - exit[i] = node; - } - } - } - - function selection_data(value, key) { - if (!value) { - data = new Array(this.size()), j = -1; - this.each(function(d) { data[++j] = d; }); - return data; - } - - var bind = key ? bindKey : bindIndex, - parents = this._parents, - groups = this._groups; - - if (typeof value !== "function") value = constant$2(value); - - for (var m = groups.length, update = new Array(m), enter = new Array(m), exit = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - var parent = parents[j], - group = groups[j], - groupLength = group.length, - data = value.call(parent, parent && parent.__data__, j, parents), - dataLength = data.length, - enterGroup = enter[j] = new Array(dataLength), - updateGroup = update[j] = new Array(dataLength), - exitGroup = exit[j] = new Array(groupLength); - - bind(parent, group, enterGroup, updateGroup, exitGroup, data, key); - - // Now connect the enter nodes to their following update node, such that - // appendChild can insert the materialized enter node before this node, - // rather than at the end of the parent node. - for (var i0 = 0, i1 = 0, previous, next; i0 < dataLength; ++i0) { - if (previous = enterGroup[i0]) { - if (i0 >= i1) i1 = i0 + 1; - while (!(next = updateGroup[i1]) && ++i1 < dataLength); - previous._next = next || null; - } - } - } - - update = new Selection(update, parents); - update._enter = enter; - update._exit = exit; - return update; - } - - function selection_exit() { - return new Selection(this._exit || this._groups.map(sparse), this._parents); - } - - function selection_join(onenter, onupdate, onexit) { - var enter = this.enter(), update = this, exit = this.exit(); - enter = typeof onenter === "function" ? onenter(enter) : enter.append(onenter + ""); - if (onupdate != null) update = onupdate(update); - if (onexit == null) exit.remove(); else onexit(exit); - return enter && update ? enter.merge(update).order() : update; - } - - function selection_merge(selection) { - - for (var groups0 = this._groups, groups1 = selection._groups, m0 = groups0.length, m1 = groups1.length, m = Math.min(m0, m1), merges = new Array(m0), j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group0 = groups0[j], group1 = groups1[j], n = group0.length, merge = merges[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - if (node = group0[i] || group1[i]) { - merge[i] = node; - } - } - } - - for (; j < m0; ++j) { - merges[j] = groups0[j]; - } - - return new Selection(merges, this._parents); - } - - function selection_order() { - - for (var groups = this._groups, j = -1, m = groups.length; ++j < m;) { - for (var group = groups[j], i = group.length - 1, next = group[i], node; --i >= 0;) { - if (node = group[i]) { - if (next && node.compareDocumentPosition(next) ^ 4) next.parentNode.insertBefore(node, next); - next = node; - } - } - } - - return this; - } - - function selection_sort(compare) { - if (!compare) compare = ascending$1; - - function compareNode(a, b) { - return a && b ? compare(a.__data__, b.__data__) : !a - !b; - } - - for (var groups = this._groups, m = groups.length, sortgroups = new Array(m), j = 0; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], n = group.length, sortgroup = sortgroups[j] = new Array(n), node, i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) { - sortgroup[i] = node; - } - } - sortgroup.sort(compareNode); - } - - return new Selection(sortgroups, this._parents).order(); - } - - function ascending$1(a, b) { - return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : a >= b ? 0 : NaN; - } - - function selection_call() { - var callback = arguments[0]; - arguments[0] = this; - callback.apply(null, arguments); - return this; - } - - function selection_nodes() { - var nodes = new Array(this.size()), i = -1; - this.each(function() { nodes[++i] = this; }); - return nodes; - } - - function selection_node() { - - for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length; i < n; ++i) { - var node = group[i]; - if (node) return node; - } - } - - return null; - } - - function selection_size() { - var size = 0; - this.each(function() { ++size; }); - return size; - } - - function selection_empty() { - return !this.node(); - } - - function selection_each(callback) { - - for (var groups = this._groups, j = 0, m = groups.length; j < m; ++j) { - for (var group = groups[j], i = 0, n = group.length, node; i < n; ++i) { - if (node = group[i]) callback.call(node, node.__data__, i, group); - } - } - - return this; - } - - function attrRemove(name) { - return function() { - this.removeAttribute(name); - }; - } - - function attrRemoveNS(fullname) { - return function() { - this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local); - }; - } - - function attrConstant(name, value) { - return function() { - this.setAttribute(name, value); - }; - } - - function attrConstantNS(fullname, value) { - return function() { - this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, value); - }; - } - - function attrFunction(name, value) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - if (v == null) this.removeAttribute(name); - else this.setAttribute(name, v); - }; - } - - function attrFunctionNS(fullname, value) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - if (v == null) this.removeAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local); - else this.setAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local, v); - }; - } - - function selection_attr(name, value) { - var fullname = namespace(name); - - if (arguments.length < 2) { - var node = this.node(); - return fullname.local - ? node.getAttributeNS(fullname.space, fullname.local) - : node.getAttribute(fullname); - } - - return this.each((value == null - ? (fullname.local ? attrRemoveNS : attrRemove) : (typeof value === "function" - ? (fullname.local ? attrFunctionNS : attrFunction) - : (fullname.local ? attrConstantNS : attrConstant)))(fullname, value)); - } - - function defaultView(node) { - return (node.ownerDocument && node.ownerDocument.defaultView) // node is a Node - || (node.document && node) // node is a Window - || node.defaultView; // node is a Document - } - - function styleRemove(name) { - return function() { - this.style.removeProperty(name); - }; - } - - function styleConstant(name, value, priority) { - return function() { - this.style.setProperty(name, value, priority); - }; - } - - function styleFunction(name, value, priority) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - if (v == null) this.style.removeProperty(name); - else this.style.setProperty(name, v, priority); - }; - } - - function selection_style(name, value, priority) { - return arguments.length > 1 - ? this.each((value == null - ? styleRemove : typeof value === "function" - ? styleFunction - : styleConstant)(name, value, priority == null ? "" : priority)) - : styleValue(this.node(), name); - } - - function styleValue(node, name) { - return node.style.getPropertyValue(name) - || defaultView(node).getComputedStyle(node, null).getPropertyValue(name); - } - - function propertyRemove(name) { - return function() { - delete this[name]; - }; - } - - function propertyConstant(name, value) { - return function() { - this[name] = value; - }; - } - - function propertyFunction(name, value) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - if (v == null) delete this[name]; - else this[name] = v; - }; - } - - function selection_property(name, value) { - return arguments.length > 1 - ? this.each((value == null - ? propertyRemove : typeof value === "function" - ? propertyFunction - : propertyConstant)(name, value)) - : this.node()[name]; - } - - function classArray(string) { - return string.trim().split(/^|\s+/); - } - - function classList(node) { - return node.classList || new ClassList(node); - } - - function ClassList(node) { - this._node = node; - this._names = classArray(node.getAttribute("class") || ""); - } - - ClassList.prototype = { - add: function(name) { - var i = this._names.indexOf(name); - if (i < 0) { - this._names.push(name); - this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" ")); - } - }, - remove: function(name) { - var i = this._names.indexOf(name); - if (i >= 0) { - this._names.splice(i, 1); - this._node.setAttribute("class", this._names.join(" ")); - } - }, - contains: function(name) { - return this._names.indexOf(name) >= 0; - } - }; - - function classedAdd(node, names) { - var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length; - while (++i < n) list.add(names[i]); - } - - function classedRemove(node, names) { - var list = classList(node), i = -1, n = names.length; - while (++i < n) list.remove(names[i]); - } - - function classedTrue(names) { - return function() { - classedAdd(this, names); - }; - } - - function classedFalse(names) { - return function() { - classedRemove(this, names); - }; - } - - function classedFunction(names, value) { - return function() { - (value.apply(this, arguments) ? classedAdd : classedRemove)(this, names); - }; - } - - function selection_classed(name, value) { - var names = classArray(name + ""); - - if (arguments.length < 2) { - var list = classList(this.node()), i = -1, n = names.length; - while (++i < n) if (!list.contains(names[i])) return false; - return true; - } - - return this.each((typeof value === "function" - ? classedFunction : value - ? classedTrue - : classedFalse)(names, value)); - } - - function textRemove() { - this.textContent = ""; - } - - function textConstant(value) { - return function() { - this.textContent = value; - }; - } - - function textFunction(value) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - this.textContent = v == null ? "" : v; - }; - } - - function selection_text(value) { - return arguments.length - ? this.each(value == null - ? textRemove : (typeof value === "function" - ? textFunction - : textConstant)(value)) - : this.node().textContent; - } - - function htmlRemove() { - this.innerHTML = ""; - } - - function htmlConstant(value) { - return function() { - this.innerHTML = value; - }; - } - - function htmlFunction(value) { - return function() { - var v = value.apply(this, arguments); - this.innerHTML = v == null ? "" : v; - }; - } - - function selection_html(value) { - return arguments.length - ? this.each(value == null - ? htmlRemove : (typeof value === "function" - ? htmlFunction - : htmlConstant)(value)) - : this.node().innerHTML; - } - - function raise() { - if (this.nextSibling) this.parentNode.appendChild(this); - } - - function selection_raise() { - return this.each(raise); - } - - function lower() { - if (this.previousSibling) this.parentNode.insertBefore(this, this.parentNode.firstChild); - } - - function selection_lower() { - return this.each(lower); - } - - function selection_append(name) { - var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name); - return this.select(function() { - return this.appendChild(create.apply(this, arguments)); - }); - } - - function constantNull() { - return null; - } - - function selection_insert(name, before) { - var create = typeof name === "function" ? name : creator(name), - select = before == null ? constantNull : typeof before === "function" ? before : selector(before); - return this.select(function() { - return this.insertBefore(create.apply(this, arguments), select.apply(this, arguments) || null); - }); - } - - function remove() { - var parent = this.parentNode; - if (parent) parent.removeChild(this); - } - - function selection_remove() { - return this.each(remove); - } - - function selection_cloneShallow() { - var clone = this.cloneNode(false), parent = this.parentNode; - return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone; - } - - function selection_cloneDeep() { - var clone = this.cloneNode(true), parent = this.parentNode; - return parent ? parent.insertBefore(clone, this.nextSibling) : clone; - } - - function selection_clone(deep) { - return this.select(deep ? selection_cloneDeep : selection_cloneShallow); - } - - function selection_datum(value) { - return arguments.length - ? this.property("__data__", value) - : this.node().__data__; - } - - var filterEvents = {}; - - var event = null; - - if (typeof document !== "undefined") { - var element = document.documentElement; - if (!("onmouseenter" in element)) { - filterEvents = {mouseenter: "mouseover", mouseleave: "mouseout"}; - } - } - - function filterContextListener(listener, index, group) { - listener = contextListener(listener, index, group); - return function(event) { - var related = event.relatedTarget; - if (!related || (related !== this && !(related.compareDocumentPosition(this) & 8))) { - listener.call(this, event); - } - }; - } - - function contextListener(listener, index, group) { - return function(event1) { - var event0 = event; // Events can be reentrant (e.g., focus). - event = event1; - try { - listener.call(this, this.__data__, index, group); - } finally { - event = event0; - } - }; - } - - function parseTypenames$1(typenames) { - return typenames.trim().split(/^|\s+/).map(function(t) { - var name = "", i = t.indexOf("."); - if (i >= 0) name = t.slice(i + 1), t = t.slice(0, i); - return {type: t, name: name}; - }); - } - - function onRemove(typename) { - return function() { - var on = this.__on; - if (!on) return; - for (var j = 0, i = -1, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) { - if (o = on[j], (!typename.type || o.type === typename.type) && o.name === typename.name) { - this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture); - } else { - on[++i] = o; - } - } - if (++i) on.length = i; - else delete this.__on; - }; - } - - function onAdd(typename, value, capture) { - var wrap = filterEvents.hasOwnProperty(typename.type) ? filterContextListener : contextListener; - return function(d, i, group) { - var on = this.__on, o, listener = wrap(value, i, group); - if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length; j < m; ++j) { - if ((o = on[j]).type === typename.type && o.name === typename.name) { - this.removeEventListener(o.type, o.listener, o.capture); - this.addEventListener(o.type, o.listener = listener, o.capture = capture); - o.value = value; - return; - } - } - this.addEventListener(typename.type, listener, capture); - o = {type: typename.type, name: typename.name, value: value, listener: listener, capture: capture}; - if (!on) this.__on = [o]; - else on.push(o); - }; - } - - function selection_on(typename, value, capture) { - var typenames = parseTypenames$1(typename + ""), i, n = typenames.length, t; - - if (arguments.length < 2) { - var on = this.node().__on; - if (on) for (var j = 0, m = on.length, o; j < m; ++j) { - for (i = 0, o = on[j]; i < n; ++i) { - if ((t = typenames[i]).type === o.type && t.name === o.name) { - return o.value; - } - } - } - return; - } - - on = value ? onAdd : onRemove; - if (capture == null) capture = false; - for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) this.each(on(typenames[i], value, capture)); - return this; - } - - function customEvent(event1, listener, that, args) { - var event0 = event; - event1.sourceEvent = event; - event = event1; - try { - return listener.apply(that, args); - } finally { - event = event0; - } - } - - function dispatchEvent(node, type, params) { - var window = defaultView(node), - event = window.CustomEvent; - - if (typeof event === "function") { - event = new event(type, params); - } else { - event = window.document.createEvent("Event"); - if (params) event.initEvent(type, params.bubbles, params.cancelable), event.detail = params.detail; - else event.initEvent(type, false, false); - } - - node.dispatchEvent(event); - } - - function dispatchConstant(type, params) { - return function() { - return dispatchEvent(this, type, params); - }; - } - - function dispatchFunction(type, params) { - return function() { - return dispatchEvent(this, type, params.apply(this, arguments)); - }; - } - - function selection_dispatch(type, params) { - return this.each((typeof params === "function" - ? dispatchFunction - : dispatchConstant)(type, params)); - } - - var root = [null]; - - function Selection(groups, parents) { - this._groups = groups; - this._parents = parents; - } - - function selection() { - return new Selection([[document.documentElement]], root); - } - - Selection.prototype = selection.prototype = { - constructor: Selection, - select: selection_select, - selectAll: selection_selectAll, - filter: selection_filter, - data: selection_data, - enter: selection_enter, - exit: selection_exit, - join: selection_join, - merge: selection_merge, - order: selection_order, - sort: selection_sort, - call: selection_call, - nodes: selection_nodes, - node: selection_node, - size: selection_size, - empty: selection_empty, - each: selection_each, - attr: selection_attr, - style: selection_style, - property: selection_property, - classed: selection_classed, - text: selection_text, - html: selection_html, - raise: selection_raise, - lower: selection_lower, - append: selection_append, - insert: selection_insert, - remove: selection_remove, - clone: selection_clone, - datum: selection_datum, - on: selection_on, - dispatch: selection_dispatch - }; - - function select(selector) { - return typeof selector === "string" - ? new Selection([[document.querySelector(selector)]], [document.documentElement]) - : new Selection([[selector]], root); - } - - function sourceEvent() { - var current = event, source; - while (source = current.sourceEvent) current = source; - return current; - } - - function point(node, event) { - var svg = node.ownerSVGElement || node; - - if (svg.createSVGPoint) { - var point = svg.createSVGPoint(); - point.x = event.clientX, point.y = event.clientY; - point = point.matrixTransform(node.getScreenCTM().inverse()); - return [point.x, point.y]; - } - - var rect = node.getBoundingClientRect(); - return [event.clientX - rect.left - node.clientLeft, event.clientY - rect.top - node.clientTop]; - } - - function mouse(node) { - var event = sourceEvent(); - if (event.changedTouches) event = event.changedTouches[0]; - return point(node, event); - } - - function touch(node, touches, identifier) { - if (arguments.length < 3) identifier = touches, touches = sourceEvent().changedTouches; - - for (var i = 0, n = touches ? touches.length : 0, touch; i < n; ++i) { - if ((touch = touches[i]).identifier === identifier) { - return point(node, touch); - } - } - - return null; - } - - function nopropagation() { - event.stopImmediatePropagation(); - } - - function noevent() { - event.preventDefault(); - event.stopImmediatePropagation(); - } - - function nodrag(view) { - var root = view.document.documentElement, - selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", noevent, true); - if ("onselectstart" in root) { - selection.on("selectstart.drag", noevent, true); - } else { - root.__noselect = root.style.MozUserSelect; - root.style.MozUserSelect = "none"; - } - } - - function yesdrag(view, noclick) { - var root = view.document.documentElement, - selection = select(view).on("dragstart.drag", null); - if (noclick) { - selection.on("click.drag", noevent, true); - setTimeout(function() { selection.on("click.drag", null); }, 0); - } - if ("onselectstart" in root) { - selection.on("selectstart.drag", null); - } else { - root.style.MozUserSelect = root.__noselect; - delete root.__noselect; - } - } - - function constant$3(x) { - return function() { - return x; - }; - } - - function DragEvent(target, type, subject, id, active, x, y, dx, dy, dispatch) { - this.target = target; - this.type = type; - this.subject = subject; - this.identifier = id; - this.active = active; - this.x = x; - this.y = y; - this.dx = dx; - this.dy = dy; - this._ = dispatch; - } - - DragEvent.prototype.on = function() { - var value = this._.on.apply(this._, arguments); - return value === this._ ? 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The default value of aria-orientation for a slider is horizontal. - - const keyCodes = { - left: 37, - up: 38, - right: 39, - down: 40, - pageUp: 33, - pageDown: 34, - end: 35, - home: 36 - }; - - class Slider extends T$a(HTMLElement) { - - - connectedCallback() { - this.connected = true; - this.setAttribute('role', 'slider'); - // Makes the element tab-able. - if (!this.hasAttribute('tabindex')) { this.setAttribute('tabindex', 0); } - - // Keeps track of keyboard vs. mouse interactions for focus rings - this.mouseEvent = false; - - // Handles to shadow DOM elements - this.knob = this.root.querySelector('.knob-container'); - this.background = this.root.querySelector('.background'); - this.trackFill = this.root.querySelector('.track-fill'); - this.track = this.root.querySelector('.track'); - - // Default values for attributes - this.min = this.min ? this.min : 0; - this.max = this.max ? this.max : 100; - this.scale = linear$1().domain([this.min, this.max]).range([0, 1]).clamp(true); - - this.origin = this.origin !== undefined ? this.origin : this.min; - this.step = this.step ? this.step : 1; - this.update(this.value ? this.value : 0); - - this.ticks = this.ticks ? this.ticks : false; - this.renderTicks(); - - this.drag = drag() - .container(this.background) - .on('start', () => { - this.mouseEvent = true; - this.background.classList.add('mousedown'); - this.changeValue = this.value; - this.dragUpdate(); - }) - .on('drag', () => { - this.dragUpdate(); - }) - .on('end', () => { - this.mouseEvent = false; - this.background.classList.remove('mousedown'); - this.dragUpdate(); - if (this.changeValue !== this.value) this.dispatchChange(); - this.changeValue = this.value; - }); - this.drag(select(this.background)); - - this.addEventListener('focusin', () => { - if(!this.mouseEvent) { - this.background.classList.add('focus'); - } - }); - this.addEventListener('focusout', () => { - this.background.classList.remove('focus'); - }); - this.addEventListener('keydown', this.onKeyDown); - - } - - static get observedAttributes() {return ['min', 'max', 'value', 'step', 'ticks', 'origin', 'tickValues', 'tickLabels']; } - - attributeChangedCallback(attr, oldValue, newValue) { - if (isNaN(newValue) || newValue === undefined || newValue === null) return; - if (attr == 'min') { - this.min = +newValue; - this.setAttribute('aria-valuemin', this.min); - } - if (attr == 'max') { - this.max = +newValue; - this.setAttribute('aria-valuemax', this.max); - } - if (attr == 'value') { - this.update(+newValue); - } - if (attr == 'origin') { - this.origin = +newValue; - // this.update(this.value); - } - if (attr == 'step') { - if (newValue > 0) { - this.step = +newValue; - } - } - if (attr == 'ticks') { - this.ticks = (newValue === '' ? true : newValue); - } - } - - onKeyDown(event) { - this.changeValue = this.value; - let stopPropagation = false; - switch (event.keyCode) { - case keyCodes.left: - case keyCodes.down: - this.update(this.value - this.step); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - case keyCodes.right: - case keyCodes.up: - this.update(this.value + this.step); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - case keyCodes.pageUp: - this.update(this.value + this.step * 10); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - - case keyCodes.pageDown: - this.update(this.value + this.step * 10); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - case keyCodes.home: - this.update(this.min); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - case keyCodes.end: - this.update(this.max); - stopPropagation = true; - break; - } - if (stopPropagation) { - this.background.classList.add('focus'); - event.preventDefault(); - event.stopPropagation(); - if (this.changeValue !== this.value) this.dispatchChange(); - } - } - - validateValueRange(min, max, value) { - return Math.max(Math.min(max, value), min); - } - - quantizeValue(value, step) { - return Math.round(value / step) * step; - } - - dragUpdate() { - const bbox = this.background.getBoundingClientRect(); - const x = event.x; - const width = bbox.width; - this.update(this.scale.invert(x / width)); - } - - update(value) { - let v = value; - if (this.step !== 'any') { - v = this.quantizeValue(value, this.step); - } - v = this.validateValueRange(this.min, this.max, v); - if (this.connected) { - this.knob.style.left = this.scale(v) * 100 + '%'; - this.trackFill.style.width = this.scale(this.min + Math.abs(v - this.origin)) * 100 + '%'; - this.trackFill.style.left = this.scale(Math.min(v, this.origin)) * 100 + '%'; - } - if (this.value !== v) { - this.value = v; - this.setAttribute('aria-valuenow', this.value); - this.dispatchInput(); - } - } - - // Dispatches only on a committed change (basically only on mouseup). - dispatchChange() { - const e = new Event('change'); - this.dispatchEvent(e, {}); - } - - // Dispatches on each value change. - dispatchInput() { - const e = new Event('input'); - this.dispatchEvent(e, {}); - } - - renderTicks() { - const ticksContainer = this.root.querySelector('.ticks'); - if (this.ticks !== false) { - let tickData = []; - if (this.ticks > 0) { - tickData = this.scale.ticks(this.ticks); - } else if (this.step === 'any') { - tickData = this.scale.ticks(); - } else { - tickData = range(this.min, this.max + 1e-6, this.step); - } - tickData.forEach(d => { - const tick = document.createElement('div'); - tick.classList.add('tick'); - tick.style.left = this.scale(d) * 100 + '%'; - ticksContainer.appendChild(tick); - }); - } else { - ticksContainer.style.display = 'none'; - } - } - } - - var logo = "\n \n\n"; - - const headerTemplate = ` - -
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2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-title {\n padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title {\n padding: 4rem 0 1.5rem;\n }\n}\n\nd-title h1 {\n grid-column: text;\n font-size: 40px;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.1em;\n margin: 0 0 0.5rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title h1 {\n font-size: 50px;\n }\n}\n\nd-title p {\n font-weight: 300;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n line-height: 1.55em;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\nd-title .status 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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n 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inherit;\n}\n\nd-article p,\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol,\nd-article blockquote {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\nd-article blockquote {\n border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n padding-left: 2em;\n font-style: italic;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nd-article a {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\nd-article a:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article .link {\n text-decoration: underline;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n}\n\nd-article li {\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nd-article li:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nd-article pre {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\nd-article hr {\n grid-column: screen;\n width: 100%;\n border: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article section {\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered 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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) " of " counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS Grid takes care of those */\n }\n\n p, code {\n page-break-inside: avoid;\n }\n\n h2, h3 {\n page-break-after: avoid;\n }\n\n d-header {\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n\n d-footer {\n display: none!important;\n }\n\n}\n',Xr=[{name:"WebComponents",support:function(){return"customElements"in window&&"attachShadow"in Element.prototype&&"getRootNode"in Element.prototype&&"content"in document.createElement("template")&&"Promise"in window&&"from"in Array},url:"https://distill.pub/third-party/polyfills/webcomponents-lite.js"},{name:"IntersectionObserver",support:function(){return"IntersectionObserver"in window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in 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      \n About\n Submit\n Prize\n Archive\n RSS\n GitHub\n Twitter\n      ISSN 2476-0757\n
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      \n\n`); +// Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors +class ds extends(cs(HTMLElement)){} +// Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors +let hs=!1,ps=0;const fs=function(){if(window.distill.runlevel<1)throw new Error("Insufficient Runlevel for Distill Template!");if("distill"in window&&window.distill.templateIsLoading)throw new Error("Runlevel 1: Distill Template is getting loaded more than once, aborting!");window.distill.templateIsLoading=!0,console.debug("Runlevel 1: Distill Template has started loading."),p(document),console.debug("Runlevel 1: Static Distill styles have been added."),console.debug("Runlevel 1->2."),window.distill.runlevel+=1;for(const[n,t]of Object.entries(Vr.listeners))"function"==typeof t?document.addEventListener(n,t):console.error("Runlevel 2: Controller listeners need to be functions!");console.debug("Runlevel 2: We can now listen to controller events."),console.debug("Runlevel 2->3."),window.distill.runlevel+=1;const n=[Jr,to,io,ao,so,uo,ho,go,bo,vo,Wr,xo,ko,Yr,Mo,To,_o,rs,Eo],t=[ss,us,ds];if(window.distill.runlevel<2)throw new Error("Insufficient Runlevel for adding custom elements!");const e=n.concat(t);for(const n of e)console.debug("Runlevel 2: Registering custom element: "+n.is),customElements.define(n.is,n);console.debug("Runlevel 3: Distill Template finished registering custom elements."),console.debug("Runlevel 3->4."),window.distill.runlevel+=1,u()&&Vr.listeners.DOMContentLoaded(),console.debug("Runlevel 4: Distill Template initialisation complete."),window.distill.templateIsLoading=!1,window.distill.templateHasLoaded=!0};window.distill={runlevel:ps,initialize:fs,templateIsLoading:hs},Zr.browserSupportsAllFeatures()?(console.debug("Runlevel 0: No need for polyfills."),console.debug("Runlevel 0->1."),window.distill.runlevel+=1,window.distill.initialize()):(console.debug("Runlevel 0: Distill Template is loading polyfills."),Zr.load(window.distill.initialize))}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/distillpub/transforms.v2.js b/assets/js/distillpub/transforms.v2.js index 2d12d32394db..41d3b7d3ea09 100644 --- a/assets/js/distillpub/transforms.v2.js +++ b/assets/js/distillpub/transforms.v2.js @@ -1,13185 +1,75 @@ -(function (global, factory) { - typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports, require('fs')) : - typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports', 'fs'], factory) : - (global = global || self, factory(global.dl = {}, global.fs)); -}(this, (function (exports, fs) { 'use strict'; - - fs = fs && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(fs, 'default') ? fs['default'] : fs; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - const days = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday']; - const months = ['Jan.', 'Feb.', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'Aug.', 'Sept.', 'Oct.', 'Nov.', 'Dec.']; - const zeroPad = n => n < 10 ? '0' + n : n; - - const RFC = function(date) { - const day = days[date.getDay()].substring(0, 3); - const paddedDate = zeroPad(date.getDate()); - const month = months[date.getMonth()].substring(0,3); - const year = date.getFullYear().toString(); - const hours = date.getUTCHours().toString(); - const minutes = date.getUTCMinutes().toString(); - const seconds = date.getUTCSeconds().toString(); - return `${day}, ${paddedDate} ${month} ${year} ${hours}:${minutes}:${seconds} Z`; - }; - - const objectFromMap = function(map) { - const object = Array.from(map).reduce((object, [key, value]) => ( - Object.assign(object, { [key]: value }) // Be careful! Maps can have non-String keys; object literals can't. - ), {}); - return object; - }; - - const mapFromObject = function(object) { - const map = new Map(); - for (var property in object) { - if (object.hasOwnProperty(property)) { - map.set(property, object[property]); - } - } - return map; - }; - - class Author { - - // constructor(name='', personalURL='', affiliation='', affiliationURL='') { - // this.name = name; // 'Chris Olah' - // this.personalURL = personalURL; // 'https://colah.github.io' - // this.affiliation = affiliation; // 'Google Brain' - // this.affiliationURL = affiliationURL; // 'https://g.co/brain' - // } - - constructor(object) { - this.name = object.author; // 'Chris Olah' - this.personalURL = object.authorURL; // 'https://colah.github.io' - this.affiliation = object.affiliation; // 'Google Brain' - this.affiliationURL = object.affiliationURL; // 'https://g.co/brain' - this.affiliations = object.affiliations || []; // new-style affiliations - } - - // 'Chris' - get firstName() { - const names = this.name.split(' '); - return names.slice(0, names.length - 1).join(' '); - } - - // 'Olah' - get lastName() { - const names = this.name.split(' '); - return names[names.length -1]; - } - } - - function mergeFromYMLFrontmatter(target, source) { - target.title = source.title; - if (source.published) { - if (source.published instanceof Date) { - target.publishedDate = source.published; - } else if (source.published.constructor === String) { - target.publishedDate = new Date(source.published); - } - } - if (source.publishedDate) { - if (source.publishedDate instanceof Date) { - target.publishedDate = source.publishedDate; - } else if (source.publishedDate.constructor === String) { - target.publishedDate = new Date(source.publishedDate); - } else { - console.error('Don\'t know what to do with published date: ' + source.publishedDate); - } - } - target.description = source.description; - target.authors = source.authors.map( (authorObject) => new Author(authorObject)); - target.katex = source.katex; - target.password = source.password; - if (source.doi) { - target.doi = source.doi; - } - } - - class FrontMatter { - constructor() { - this.title = 'unnamed article'; // 'Attention and Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks' - this.description = ''; // 'A visual overview of neural attention...' - this.authors = []; // Array of Author(s) - - this.bibliography = new Map(); - this.bibliographyParsed = false; - // { - // 'gregor2015draw': { - // 'title': 'DRAW: A recurrent neural network for image generation', - // 'author': 'Gregor, Karol and Danihelka, Ivo and Graves, Alex and Rezende, Danilo Jimenez and Wierstra, Daan', - // 'journal': 'arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.04623', - // 'year': '2015', - // 'url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.04623.pdf', - // 'type': 'article' - // }, - // } - - // Citation keys should be listed in the order that they are appear in the document. - // Each key refers to a key in the bibliography dictionary. - this.citations = []; // [ 'gregor2015draw', 'mercier2011humans' ] - this.citationsCollected = false; - - // - // Assigned from posts.csv - // - - // publishedDate: 2016-09-08T07:00:00.000Z, - // tags: [ 'rnn' ], - // distillPath: '2016/augmented-rnns', - // githubPath: 'distillpub/post--augmented-rnns', - // doiSuffix: 1, - - // - // Assigned from journal - // - this.journal = {}; - // journal: { - // 'title': 'Distill', - // 'full_title': 'Distill', - // 'abbrev_title': 'Distill', - // 'url': 'http://distill.pub', - // 'doi': '10.23915/distill', - // 'publisherName': 'Distill Working Group', - // 'publisherEmail': 'admin@distill.pub', - // 'issn': '2476-0757', - // 'editors': [...], - // 'committee': [...] - // } - // volume: 1, - // issue: 9, - - this.katex = {}; - - // - // Assigned from publishing process - // - - // githubCompareUpdatesUrl: 'https://github.com/distillpub/post--augmented-rnns/compare/1596e094d8943d2dc0ea445d92071129c6419c59...3bd9209e0c24d020f87cf6152dcecc6017cbc193', - // updatedDate: 2017-03-21T07:13:16.000Z, - // doi: '10.23915/distill.00001', - this.doi = undefined; - this.publishedDate = undefined; - } - - // Example: - // title: Demo Title Attention and Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks - // published: Jan 10, 2017 - // authors: - // - Chris Olah: - // - Shan Carter: http://shancarter.com - // affiliations: - // - Google Brain: - // - Google Brain: http://g.co/brain - - // - // Computed Properties - // - - // 'http://distill.pub/2016/augmented-rnns', - set url(value) { - this._url = value; - } - get url() { - if (this._url) { - return this._url; - } else if (this.distillPath && this.journal.url) { - return this.journal.url + '/' + this.distillPath; - } else if (this.journal.url) { - return this.journal.url; - } - } - - // 'https://github.com/distillpub/post--augmented-rnns', - get githubUrl() { - if (this.githubPath) { - return 'https://github.com/' + this.githubPath; - } else { - return undefined; - } - } - - // TODO resolve differences in naming of URL/Url/url. - // 'http://distill.pub/2016/augmented-rnns/thumbnail.jpg', - set previewURL(value) { - this._previewURL = value; - } - get previewURL() { - return this._previewURL ? this._previewURL : this.url + '/thumbnail.jpg'; - } - - // 'Thu, 08 Sep 2016 00:00:00 -0700', - get publishedDateRFC() { - return RFC(this.publishedDate); - } - - // 'Thu, 08 Sep 2016 00:00:00 -0700', - get updatedDateRFC() { - return RFC(this.updatedDate); - } - - // 2016, - get publishedYear() { - return this.publishedDate.getFullYear(); - } - - // 'Sept', - get publishedMonth() { - return months[this.publishedDate.getMonth()]; - } - - // 8, - get publishedDay() { - return this.publishedDate.getDate(); - } - - // '09', - get publishedMonthPadded() { - return zeroPad(this.publishedDate.getMonth() + 1); - } - - // '08', - get publishedDayPadded() { - return zeroPad(this.publishedDate.getDate()); - } - - get publishedISODateOnly() { - return this.publishedDate.toISOString().split('T')[0]; - } - - get volume() { - const volume = this.publishedYear - 2015; - if (volume < 1) { - throw new Error('Invalid publish date detected during computing volume'); - } - return volume; - } - - get issue() { - return this.publishedDate.getMonth() + 1; - } - - // 'Olah & Carter', - get concatenatedAuthors() { - if (this.authors.length > 2) { - return this.authors[0].lastName + ', et al.'; - } else if (this.authors.length === 2) { - return this.authors[0].lastName + ' & ' + this.authors[1].lastName; - } else if (this.authors.length === 1) { - return this.authors[0].lastName; - } - } - - // 'Olah, Chris and Carter, Shan', - get bibtexAuthors() { - return this.authors.map(author => { - return author.lastName + ', ' + author.firstName; - }).join(' and '); - } - - // 'olah2016attention' - get slug() { - let slug = ''; - if (this.authors.length) { - slug += this.authors[0].lastName.toLowerCase(); - slug += this.publishedYear; - slug += this.title.split(' ')[0].toLowerCase(); - } - return slug || 'Untitled'; - } - - get bibliographyEntries() { - return new Map(this.citations.map( citationKey => { - const entry = this.bibliography.get(citationKey); - return [citationKey, entry]; - })); - } - - set bibliography(bibliography) { - if (bibliography instanceof Map) { - this._bibliography = bibliography; - } else if (typeof bibliography === 'object') { - this._bibliography = mapFromObject(bibliography); - } - } - - get bibliography() { - return this._bibliography; - } - - static fromObject(source) { - const frontMatter = new FrontMatter(); - Object.assign(frontMatter, source); - return frontMatter; - } - - assignToObject(target) { - Object.assign(target, this); - target.bibliography = objectFromMap(this.bibliographyEntries); - target.url = this.url; - target.doi = this.doi; - target.githubUrl = this.githubUrl; - target.previewURL = this.previewURL; - if (this.publishedDate) { - target.volume = this.volume; - target.issue = this.issue; - target.publishedDateRFC = this.publishedDateRFC; - target.publishedYear = this.publishedYear; - target.publishedMonth = this.publishedMonth; - target.publishedDay = this.publishedDay; - target.publishedMonthPadded = this.publishedMonthPadded; - target.publishedDayPadded = this.publishedDayPadded; - } - if (this.updatedDate) { - target.updatedDateRFC = this.updatedDateRFC; - } - target.concatenatedAuthors = this.concatenatedAuthors; - target.bibtexAuthors = this.bibtexAuthors; - target.slug = this.slug; - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function _moveLegacyAffiliationFormatIntoArray(frontMatter) { - // authors used to have propoerties "affiliation" and "affiliationURL". - // We now encourage using an array for affiliations containing objects with - // properties "name" and "url". - for (let author of frontMatter.authors) { - const hasOldStyle = Boolean(author.affiliation); - const hasNewStyle = Boolean(author.affiliations); - if (!hasOldStyle) continue; - if (hasNewStyle) { - console.warn(`Author ${author.author} has both old-style ("affiliation" & "affiliationURL") and new style ("affiliations") affiliation information!`); - } else { - let newAffiliation = { - "name": author.affiliation - }; - if (author.affiliationURL) newAffiliation.url = author.affiliationURL; - author.affiliations = [newAffiliation]; - } - } - return frontMatter - } - - function parseFrontmatter(element) { - const scriptTag = element.firstElementChild; - if (scriptTag) { - const type = scriptTag.getAttribute('type'); - if (type.split('/')[1] == 'json') { - const content = scriptTag.textContent; - const parsed = JSON.parse(content); - return _moveLegacyAffiliationFormatIntoArray(parsed); - } else { - console.error('Distill only supports JSON frontmatter tags anymore; no more YAML.'); - } - } else { - console.error('You added a frontmatter tag but did not provide a script tag with front matter data in it. Please take a look at our templates.'); - } - return {}; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function ExtractFrontmatter(dom, data) { - const frontMatterTag = dom.querySelector('d-front-matter'); - if (!frontMatterTag) { - console.warn('No front matter tag found!'); - return; - } - const extractedData = parseFrontmatter(frontMatterTag); - mergeFromYMLFrontmatter(data, extractedData); - } - - function commonjsRequire () { - throw new Error('Dynamic requires are not currently supported by rollup-plugin-commonjs'); - } - - function unwrapExports (x) { - return x && x.__esModule && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(x, 'default') ? x['default'] : x; - } - - function createCommonjsModule(fn, module) { - return module = { exports: {} }, fn(module, module.exports), module.exports; - } - - var bibtexParse = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) { - /* start bibtexParse 0.0.22 */ - - //Original work by Henrik Muehe (c) 2010 - // - //CommonJS port by Mikola Lysenko 2013 - // - //Port to Browser lib by ORCID / RCPETERS - // - //Issues: - //no comment handling within strings - //no string concatenation - //no variable values yet - //Grammar implemented here: - //bibtex -> (string | preamble | comment | entry)*; - //string -> '@STRING' '{' key_equals_value '}'; - //preamble -> '@PREAMBLE' '{' value '}'; - //comment -> '@COMMENT' '{' value '}'; - //entry -> '@' key '{' key ',' key_value_list '}'; - //key_value_list -> key_equals_value (',' key_equals_value)*; - //key_equals_value -> key '=' value; - //value -> value_quotes | value_braces | key; - //value_quotes -> '"' .*? '"'; // not quite - //value_braces -> '{' .*? '"'; // not quite - (function(exports) { - - function BibtexParser() { - - this.months = ["jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun", "jul", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec"]; - this.notKey = [',','{','}',' ','=']; - this.pos = 0; - this.input = ""; - this.entries = new Array(); - - this.currentEntry = ""; - - this.setInput = function(t) { - this.input = t; - }; - - this.getEntries = function() { - return this.entries; - }; - - this.isWhitespace = function(s) { - return (s == ' ' || s == '\r' || s == '\t' || s == '\n'); - }; - - this.match = function(s, canCommentOut) { - if (canCommentOut == undefined || canCommentOut == null) - canCommentOut = true; - this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - if (this.input.substring(this.pos, this.pos + s.length) == s) { - this.pos += s.length; - } else { - throw "Token mismatch, expected " + s + ", found " - + this.input.substring(this.pos); - } this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - }; - - this.tryMatch = function(s, canCommentOut) { - if (canCommentOut == undefined || canCommentOut == null) - canCommentOut = true; - this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - if (this.input.substring(this.pos, this.pos + s.length) == s) { - return true; - } else { - return false; - } }; - - /* when search for a match all text can be ignored, not just white space */ - this.matchAt = function() { - while (this.input.length > this.pos && this.input[this.pos] != '@') { - this.pos++; - } - if (this.input[this.pos] == '@') { - return true; - } return false; - }; - - this.skipWhitespace = function(canCommentOut) { - while (this.isWhitespace(this.input[this.pos])) { - this.pos++; - } if (this.input[this.pos] == "%" && canCommentOut == true) { - while (this.input[this.pos] != "\n") { - this.pos++; - } this.skipWhitespace(canCommentOut); - } }; - - this.value_braces = function() { - var bracecount = 0; - this.match("{", false); - var start = this.pos; - var escaped = false; - while (true) { - if (!escaped) { - if (this.input[this.pos] == '}') { - if (bracecount > 0) { - bracecount--; - } else { - var end = this.pos; - this.match("}", false); - return this.input.substring(start, end); - } } else if (this.input[this.pos] == '{') { - bracecount++; - } else if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value"; - } } if (this.input[this.pos] == '\\' && escaped == false) - escaped = true; - else - escaped = false; - this.pos++; - } }; - - this.value_comment = function() { - var str = ''; - var brcktCnt = 0; - while (!(this.tryMatch("}", false) && brcktCnt == 0)) { - str = str + this.input[this.pos]; - if (this.input[this.pos] == '{') - brcktCnt++; - if (this.input[this.pos] == '}') - brcktCnt--; - if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value:" + this.input.substring(start); - } this.pos++; - } return str; - }; - - this.value_quotes = function() { - this.match('"', false); - var start = this.pos; - var escaped = false; - while (true) { - if (!escaped) { - if (this.input[this.pos] == '"') { - var end = this.pos; - this.match('"', false); - return this.input.substring(start, end); - } else if (this.pos >= this.input.length - 1) { - throw "Unterminated value:" + this.input.substring(start); - } } - if (this.input[this.pos] == '\\' && escaped == false) - escaped = true; - else - escaped = false; - this.pos++; - } }; - - this.single_value = function() { - var start = this.pos; - if (this.tryMatch("{")) { - return this.value_braces(); - } else if (this.tryMatch('"')) { - return this.value_quotes(); - } else { - var k = this.key(); - if (k.match("^[0-9]+$")) - return k; - else if (this.months.indexOf(k.toLowerCase()) >= 0) - return k.toLowerCase(); - else - throw "Value expected:" + this.input.substring(start) + ' for key: ' + k; - - } }; - - this.value = function() { - var values = []; - values.push(this.single_value()); - while (this.tryMatch("#")) { - this.match("#"); - values.push(this.single_value()); - } return values.join(""); - }; - - this.key = function() { - var start = this.pos; - while (true) { - if (this.pos >= this.input.length) { - throw "Runaway key"; - } // а-яА-Я is Cyrillic - //console.log(this.input[this.pos]); - if (this.notKey.indexOf(this.input[this.pos]) >= 0) { - return this.input.substring(start, this.pos); - } else { - this.pos++; - - } } }; - - this.key_equals_value = function() { - var key = this.key(); - if (this.tryMatch("=")) { - this.match("="); - var val = this.value(); - return [ key, val ]; - } else { - throw "... = value expected, equals sign missing:" - + this.input.substring(this.pos); - } }; - - this.key_value_list = function() { - var kv = this.key_equals_value(); - this.currentEntry['entryTags'] = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryTags'][kv[0]] = kv[1]; - while (this.tryMatch(",")) { - this.match(","); - // fixes problems with commas at the end of a list - if (this.tryMatch("}")) { - break; - } - kv = this.key_equals_value(); - this.currentEntry['entryTags'][kv[0]] = kv[1]; - } }; - - this.entry_body = function(d) { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['citationKey'] = this.key(); - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = d.substring(1); - this.match(","); - this.key_value_list(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.directive = function() { - this.match("@"); - return "@" + this.key(); - }; - - this.preamble = function() { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = 'PREAMBLE'; - this.currentEntry['entry'] = this.value_comment(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.comment = function() { - this.currentEntry = {}; - this.currentEntry['entryType'] = 'COMMENT'; - this.currentEntry['entry'] = this.value_comment(); - this.entries.push(this.currentEntry); - }; - - this.entry = function(d) { - this.entry_body(d); - }; - - this.bibtex = function() { - while (this.matchAt()) { - var d = this.directive(); - this.match("{"); - if (d == "@STRING") { - this.string(); - } else if (d == "@PREAMBLE") { - this.preamble(); - } else if (d == "@COMMENT") { - this.comment(); - } else { - this.entry(d); - } - this.match("}"); - } }; - } - exports.toJSON = function(bibtex) { - var b = new BibtexParser(); - b.setInput(bibtex); - b.bibtex(); - return b.entries; - }; - - /* added during hackathon don't hate on me */ - exports.toBibtex = function(json) { - var out = ''; - for ( var i in json) { - out += "@" + json[i].entryType; - out += '{'; - if (json[i].citationKey) - out += json[i].citationKey + ', '; - if (json[i].entry) - out += json[i].entry ; - if (json[i].entryTags) { - var tags = ''; - for (var jdx in json[i].entryTags) { - if (tags.length != 0) - tags += ', '; - tags += jdx + '= {' + json[i].entryTags[jdx] + '}'; - } - out += tags; - } - out += '}\n\n'; - } - return out; - - }; - - })( exports); - - /* end bibtexParse */ - }); - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function normalizeTag(string) { - return string - .replace(/[\t\n ]+/g, ' ') - .replace(/{\\["^`.'acu~Hvs]( )?([a-zA-Z])}/g, (full, x, char) => char) - .replace(/{\\([a-zA-Z])}/g, (full, char) => char); - } - - function parseBibtex(bibtex) { - const bibliography = new Map(); - const parsedEntries = bibtexParse.toJSON(bibtex); - for (const entry of parsedEntries) { - // normalize tags; note entryTags is an object, not Map - for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(entry.entryTags)) { - entry.entryTags[key.toLowerCase()] = normalizeTag(value); - } - entry.entryTags.type = entry.entryType; - // add to bibliography - bibliography.set(entry.citationKey, entry.entryTags); - } - return bibliography; - } - - function serializeFrontmatterToBibtex(frontMatter) { - return `@article{${frontMatter.slug}, - author = {${frontMatter.bibtexAuthors}}, - title = {${frontMatter.title}}, - journal = {${frontMatter.journal.title}}, - year = {${frontMatter.publishedYear}}, - note = {${frontMatter.url}}, - doi = {${frontMatter.doi}} -}`; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function parseBibliography(element) { - const scriptTag = element.firstElementChild; - if (scriptTag && scriptTag.tagName === 'SCRIPT') { - if (scriptTag.type == 'text/bibtex') { - const bibtex = element.firstElementChild.textContent; - return parseBibtex(bibtex); - } else if (scriptTag.type == 'text/json') { - return new Map(JSON.parse(scriptTag.textContent)); - } else { - console.warn('Unsupported bibliography script tag type: ' + scriptTag.type); - } - } else { - console.warn('Bibliography did not have any script tag.'); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function ExtractBibliography(dom, data) { - const bibliographyTag = dom.querySelector('d-bibliography'); - if (!bibliographyTag) { - console.warn('No bibliography tag found!'); - return; - } - - const src = bibliographyTag.getAttribute('src'); - if (src) { - const path = data.inputDirectory + '/' + src; - const text = fs.readFileSync(path, 'utf-8'); - const bibliography = parseBibtex(text); - const scriptTag = dom.createElement('script'); - scriptTag.type = 'text/json'; - scriptTag.textContent = JSON.stringify([...bibliography]); - bibliographyTag.appendChild(scriptTag); - bibliographyTag.removeAttribute('src'); - } - - data.bibliography = parseBibliography(bibliographyTag); - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function collect_citations(dom = document) { - const citations = new Set(); - const citeTags = dom.querySelectorAll("d-cite"); - for (const tag of citeTags) { - const keyString = tag.getAttribute("key") || tag.getAttribute("bibtex-key"); - const keys = keyString.split(",").map(k => k.trim()); - for (const key of keys) { - citations.add(key); - } - } - return [...citations]; - } - - function author_string(ent, template, sep, finalSep) { - if (ent.author == null) { - return ""; - } - var names = ent.author.split(" and "); - let name_strings = names.map(name => { - name = name.trim(); - if (name.indexOf(",") != -1) { - var last = name.split(",")[0].trim(); - var firsts = name.split(",")[1]; - } else if (name.indexOf(" ") != -1) { - var last = name - .split(" ") - .slice(-1)[0] - .trim(); - var firsts = name - .split(" ") - .slice(0, -1) - .join(" "); - } else { - var last = name.trim(); - } - var initials = ""; - if (firsts != undefined) { - initials = firsts - .trim() - .split(" ") - .map(s => s.trim()[0]); - initials = initials.join(".") + "."; - } - return template - .replace("${F}", firsts) - .replace("${L}", last) - .replace("${I}", initials) - .trim(); // in case one of first or last was empty - }); - if (names.length > 1) { - var str = name_strings.slice(0, names.length - 1).join(sep); - str += (finalSep || sep) + name_strings[names.length - 1]; - return str; - } else { - return name_strings[0]; - } - } - - function venue_string(ent) { - var cite = ent.journal || ent.booktitle || ""; - if ("volume" in ent) { - var issue = ent.issue || ent.number; - issue = issue != undefined ? "(" + issue + ")" : ""; - cite += ", Vol " + ent.volume + issue; - } - if ("pages" in ent) { - cite += ", pp. " + ent.pages; - } - if (cite != "") cite += ". "; - if ("publisher" in ent) { - cite += ent.publisher; - if (cite[cite.length - 1] != ".") cite += "."; - } - return cite; - } - - function link_string(ent) { - if ("url" in ent) { - var url = ent.url; - var arxiv_match = /arxiv\.org\/abs\/([0-9\.]*)/.exec(url); - if (arxiv_match != null) { - url = `http://arxiv.org/pdf/${arxiv_match[1]}.pdf`; - } - - if (url.slice(-4) == ".pdf") { - var label = "PDF"; - } else if (url.slice(-5) == ".html") { - var label = "HTML"; - } - return `  [${label || "link"}]`; - } /* else if ("doi" in ent){ - return `  [DOI]`; - }*/ else { - return ""; - } - } - function doi_string(ent, new_line) { - if ("doi" in ent) { - return `${new_line ? "
      " : ""} DOI: ${ent.doi}`; - } else { - return ""; - } - } - - function title_string(ent) { - return '' + ent.title + " "; - } - - function bibliography_cite(ent, fancy) { - if (ent) { - var cite = title_string(ent); - cite += link_string(ent) + "
      "; - if (ent.author) { - cite += author_string(ent, "${L}, ${I}", ", ", " and "); - if (ent.year || ent.date) { - cite += ", "; - } - } - if (ent.year || ent.date) { - cite += (ent.year || ent.date) + ". "; - } else { - cite += ". "; - } - cite += venue_string(ent); - cite += doi_string(ent); - return cite; - /*var cite = author_string(ent, "${L}, ${I}", ", ", " and "); - if (ent.year || ent.date){ - cite += ", " + (ent.year || ent.date) + ". " - } else { - cite += ". " - } - cite += "" + ent.title + ". "; - cite += venue_string(ent); - cite += doi_string(ent); - cite += link_string(ent); - return cite*/ - } else { - return "?"; - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function ExtractCitations(dom, data) { - const citations = new Set(data.citations); - const newCitations = collect_citations(dom); - for (const citation of newCitations) { - citations.add(citation); - } - data.citations = Array.from(citations); - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function HTML(dom) { - - const head = dom.querySelector('head'); - - // set language to 'en' - if (!dom.querySelector('html').getAttribute('lang')) { - dom.querySelector('html').setAttribute('lang', 'en'); - } - - // set charset to 'utf-8' - if (!dom.querySelector('meta[charset]')) { - const meta = dom.createElement('meta'); - meta.setAttribute('charset', 'utf-8'); - head.appendChild(meta); - } - - // set viewport - if (!dom.querySelector('meta[name=viewport]')) { - const meta = dom.createElement('meta'); - meta.setAttribute('name', 'viewport'); - meta.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width, initial-scale=1'); - head.appendChild(meta); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // import style from '../styles/d-byline.css'; - - function bylineTemplate(frontMatter) { - return ` -
      -
      -

      Authors

      -

      Affiliations

      - ${frontMatter.authors.map(author => ` -

      - ${author.personalURL ? ` - ${author.name}` : ` - ${author.name}`} -

      -

      - ${author.affiliations.map(affiliation => - affiliation.url ? `${affiliation.name}` : `${affiliation.name}` - ).join(', ')} -

      - `).join('')} -
      -
      -

      Published

      - ${frontMatter.publishedDate ? ` -

      ${frontMatter.publishedMonth} ${frontMatter.publishedDay}, ${frontMatter.publishedYear}

      ` : ` -

      Not published yet.

      `} -
      -
      -`; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function Byline(dom, data) { - const byline = dom.querySelector('d-byline'); - if (byline) { - byline.innerHTML = bylineTemplate(data); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - // no appendix -> add appendix - // title in front, no h1 -> add it - // no title in front, h1 -> read and put into frontMatter - // footnote -> footnote list - // break up bib - // if citation, no bib-list -> add citation-list - - // if authors, no byline -> add byline - - function OptionalComponents(dom, data) { - const body = dom.body; - const article = body.querySelector('d-article'); - - // If we don't have an article tag, something weird is going on—giving up. - if (!article) { - console.warn('No d-article tag found; skipping adding optional components!'); - return; - } - - let byline = dom.querySelector('d-byline'); - if (!byline) { - if (data.authors) { - byline = dom.createElement('d-byline'); - body.insertBefore(byline, article); - } else { - console.warn('No authors found in front matter; please add them before submission!'); - } - } - - let title = dom.querySelector('d-title'); - if (!title) { - title = dom.createElement('d-title'); - body.insertBefore(title, byline); - } - - let h1 = title.querySelector('h1'); - if (!h1) { - h1 = dom.createElement('h1'); - h1.textContent = data.title; - title.insertBefore(h1, title.firstChild); - } - - const hasPassword = typeof data.password !== 'undefined'; - let interstitial = body.querySelector('d-interstitial'); - if (hasPassword && !interstitial) { - const inBrowser = typeof window !== 'undefined'; - const onLocalhost = inBrowser && window.location.hostname.includes('localhost'); - if (!inBrowser || !onLocalhost) { - interstitial = dom.createElement('d-interstitial'); - interstitial.password = data.password; - body.insertBefore(interstitial, body.firstChild); - } - } else if (!hasPassword && interstitial) { - interstitial.parentElement.removeChild(this); - } - - let appendix = dom.querySelector('d-appendix'); - if (!appendix) { - appendix = dom.createElement('d-appendix'); - dom.body.appendChild(appendix); - } - - let footnoteList = dom.querySelector('d-footnote-list'); - if (!footnoteList) { - footnoteList = dom.createElement('d-footnote-list'); - appendix.appendChild(footnoteList); - } - - let citationList = dom.querySelector('d-citation-list'); - if (!citationList) { - citationList = dom.createElement('d-citation-list'); - appendix.appendChild(citationList); - } - - } - - var katex$1 = createCommonjsModule(function (module, exports) { - (function(f){{module.exports=f();}})(function(){return (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof commonjsRequire=="function"&&commonjsRequire;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r);}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof commonjsRequire=="function"&&commonjsRequire;for(var o=0;o= 0; --i) { - tok = expansion[i]; - if (tok.text === "#") { - if (i === 0) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Incomplete placeholder at end of macro body", tok); - } - tok = expansion[--i]; // next token on stack - if (tok.text === "#") { - // ## → # - expansion.splice(i + 1, 1); // drop first # - } else if (/^[1-9]$/.test(tok.text)) { - // expansion.splice(i, 2, arg[0], arg[1], …) - // to replace placeholder with the indicated argument. - // TODO: use spread once we move to ES2015 - expansion.splice.apply(expansion, [i, 2].concat(args[tok.text - 1])); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Not a valid argument number", tok); - } - } - } - } - this.stack = this.stack.concat(expansion); - } - } - }, { - key: "get", - value: function get(ignoreSpace) { - this.discardedWhiteSpace = []; - var token = this.nextToken(); - if (ignoreSpace) { - while (token.text === " ") { - this.discardedWhiteSpace.push(token); - token = this.nextToken(); - } - } - return token; - } - - /** - * Undo the effect of the preceding call to the get method. - * A call to this method MUST be immediately preceded and immediately followed - * by a call to get. Only used during mode switching, i.e. after one token - * was got in the old mode but should get got again in a new mode - * with possibly different whitespace handling. - */ - - }, { - key: "unget", - value: function unget(token) { - this.stack.push(token); - while (this.discardedWhiteSpace.length !== 0) { - this.stack.push(this.discardedWhiteSpace.pop()); - } - } - }]); - return MacroExpander; - }(); - - module.exports = MacroExpander; - - },{"./Lexer":26,"./ParseError":29,"./macros":44,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5,"object-assign":25}],28:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _createClass2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/createClass"); - - var _createClass3 = _interopRequireDefault(_createClass2); - - var _fontMetrics2 = require("./fontMetrics"); - - var _fontMetrics3 = _interopRequireDefault(_fontMetrics2); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - var BASESIZE = 6; /** - * This file contains information about the options that the Parser carries - * around with it while parsing. Data is held in an `Options` object, and when - * recursing, a new `Options` object can be created with the `.with*` and - * `.reset` functions. - */ - - var sizeStyleMap = [ - // Each element contains [textsize, scriptsize, scriptscriptsize]. - // The size mappings are taken from TeX with \normalsize=10pt. - [1, 1, 1], // size1: [5, 5, 5] \tiny - [2, 1, 1], // size2: [6, 5, 5] - [3, 1, 1], // size3: [7, 5, 5] \scriptsize - [4, 2, 1], // size4: [8, 6, 5] \footnotesize - [5, 2, 1], // size5: [9, 6, 5] \small - [6, 3, 1], // size6: [10, 7, 5] \normalsize - [7, 4, 2], // size7: [12, 8, 6] \large - [8, 6, 3], // size8: [14.4, 10, 7] \Large - [9, 7, 6], // size9: [17.28, 12, 10] \LARGE - [10, 8, 7], // size10: [20.74, 14.4, 12] \huge - [11, 10, 9]]; - - var sizeMultipliers = [ - // fontMetrics.js:getFontMetrics also uses size indexes, so if - // you change size indexes, change that function. - 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.44, 1.728, 2.074, 2.488]; - - var sizeAtStyle = function sizeAtStyle(size, style) { - return style.size < 2 ? size : sizeStyleMap[size - 1][style.size - 1]; - }; - - /** - * This is the main options class. It contains the current style, size, color, - * and font. - * - * Options objects should not be modified. To create a new Options with - * different properties, call a `.having*` method. - */ - - var Options = function () { - function Options(data) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, Options); - - this.style = data.style; - this.color = data.color; - this.size = data.size || BASESIZE; - this.textSize = data.textSize || this.size; - this.phantom = data.phantom; - this.font = data.font; - this.sizeMultiplier = sizeMultipliers[this.size - 1]; - this._fontMetrics = null; - } - - /** - * Returns a new options object with the same properties as "this". Properties - * from "extension" will be copied to the new options object. - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(Options, [{ - key: "extend", - value: function extend(extension) { - var data = { - style: this.style, - size: this.size, - textSize: this.textSize, - color: this.color, - phantom: this.phantom, - font: this.font - }; - - for (var key in extension) { - if (extension.hasOwnProperty(key)) { - data[key] = extension[key]; - } - } - - return new Options(data); - } - - /** - * Return an options object with the given style. If `this.style === style`, - * returns `this`. - */ - - }, { - key: "havingStyle", - value: function havingStyle(style) { - if (this.style === style) { - return this; - } else { - return this.extend({ - style: style, - size: sizeAtStyle(this.textSize, style) - }); - } - } - - /** - * Return an options object with a cramped version of the current style. If - * the current style is cramped, returns `this`. - */ - - }, { - key: "havingCrampedStyle", - value: function havingCrampedStyle() { - return this.havingStyle(this.style.cramp()); - } - - /** - * Return an options object with the given size and in at least `\textstyle`. - * Returns `this` if appropriate. - */ - - }, { - key: "havingSize", - value: function havingSize(size) { - if (this.size === size && this.textSize === size) { - return this; - } else { - return this.extend({ - style: this.style.text(), - size: size, - textSize: size - }); - } - } - - /** - * Like `this.havingSize(BASESIZE).havingStyle(style)`. If `style` is omitted, - * changes to at least `\textstyle`. - */ - - }, { - key: "havingBaseStyle", - value: function havingBaseStyle(style) { - style = style || this.style.text(); - var wantSize = sizeAtStyle(BASESIZE, style); - if (this.size === wantSize && this.textSize === BASESIZE && this.style === style) { - return this; - } else { - return this.extend({ - style: style, - size: wantSize, - baseSize: BASESIZE - }); - } - } - - /** - * Create a new options object with the given color. - */ - - }, { - key: "withColor", - value: function withColor(color) { - return this.extend({ - color: color - }); - } - - /** - * Create a new options object with "phantom" set to true. - */ - - }, { - key: "withPhantom", - value: function withPhantom() { - return this.extend({ - phantom: true - }); - } - - /** - * Create a new options objects with the give font. - */ - - }, { - key: "withFont", - value: function withFont(font) { - return this.extend({ - font: font || this.font - }); - } - - /** - * Return the CSS sizing classes required to switch from enclosing options - * `oldOptions` to `this`. Returns an array of classes. - */ - - }, { - key: "sizingClasses", - value: function sizingClasses(oldOptions) { - if (oldOptions.size !== this.size) { - return ["sizing", "reset-size" + oldOptions.size, "size" + this.size]; - } else { - return []; - } - } - - /** - * Return the CSS sizing classes required to switch to the base size. Like - * `this.havingSize(BASESIZE).sizingClasses(this)`. - */ - - }, { - key: "baseSizingClasses", - value: function baseSizingClasses() { - if (this.size !== BASESIZE) { - return ["sizing", "reset-size" + this.size, "size" + BASESIZE]; - } else { - return []; - } - } - - /** - * Return the font metrics for this size. - */ - - }, { - key: "fontMetrics", - value: function fontMetrics() { - if (!this._fontMetrics) { - this._fontMetrics = _fontMetrics3.default.getFontMetrics(this.size); - } - return this._fontMetrics; - } - - /** - * A map of color names to CSS colors. - * TODO(emily): Remove this when we have real macros - */ - - }, { - key: "getColor", - - - /** - * Gets the CSS color of the current options object, accounting for the - * `colorMap`. - */ - value: function getColor() { - if (this.phantom) { - return "transparent"; - } else { - return Options.colorMap[this.color] || this.color; - } - } - }]); - return Options; - }(); - - /** - * The base size index. - */ - - - Options.colorMap = { - "katex-blue": "#6495ed", - "katex-orange": "#ffa500", - "katex-pink": "#ff00af", - "katex-red": "#df0030", - "katex-green": "#28ae7b", - "katex-gray": "gray", - "katex-purple": "#9d38bd", - "katex-blueA": "#ccfaff", - "katex-blueB": "#80f6ff", - "katex-blueC": "#63d9ea", - "katex-blueD": "#11accd", - "katex-blueE": "#0c7f99", - "katex-tealA": "#94fff5", - "katex-tealB": "#26edd5", - "katex-tealC": "#01d1c1", - "katex-tealD": "#01a995", - "katex-tealE": "#208170", - "katex-greenA": "#b6ffb0", - "katex-greenB": "#8af281", - "katex-greenC": "#74cf70", - "katex-greenD": "#1fab54", - "katex-greenE": "#0d923f", - "katex-goldA": "#ffd0a9", - "katex-goldB": "#ffbb71", - "katex-goldC": "#ff9c39", - "katex-goldD": "#e07d10", - "katex-goldE": "#a75a05", - "katex-redA": "#fca9a9", - "katex-redB": "#ff8482", - "katex-redC": "#f9685d", - "katex-redD": "#e84d39", - "katex-redE": "#bc2612", - "katex-maroonA": "#ffbde0", - "katex-maroonB": "#ff92c6", - "katex-maroonC": "#ed5fa6", - "katex-maroonD": "#ca337c", - "katex-maroonE": "#9e034e", - "katex-purpleA": "#ddd7ff", - "katex-purpleB": "#c6b9fc", - "katex-purpleC": "#aa87ff", - "katex-purpleD": "#7854ab", - "katex-purpleE": "#543b78", - "katex-mintA": "#f5f9e8", - "katex-mintB": "#edf2df", - "katex-mintC": "#e0e5cc", - "katex-grayA": "#f6f7f7", - "katex-grayB": "#f0f1f2", - "katex-grayC": "#e3e5e6", - "katex-grayD": "#d6d8da", - "katex-grayE": "#babec2", - "katex-grayF": "#888d93", - "katex-grayG": "#626569", - "katex-grayH": "#3b3e40", - "katex-grayI": "#21242c", - "katex-kaBlue": "#314453", - "katex-kaGreen": "#71B307" - }; - Options.BASESIZE = BASESIZE; - - module.exports = Options; - - },{"./fontMetrics":41,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5}],29:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * This is the ParseError class, which is the main error thrown by KaTeX - * functions when something has gone wrong. This is used to distinguish internal - * errors from errors in the expression that the user provided. - * - * If possible, a caller should provide a Token or ParseNode with information - * about where in the source string the problem occurred. - * - * @param {string} message The error message - * @param {(Token|ParseNode)=} token An object providing position information - */ - var ParseError = function ParseError(message, token) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, ParseError); - - var error = "KaTeX parse error: " + message; - var start = void 0; - var end = void 0; - - if (token && token.lexer && token.start <= token.end) { - // If we have the input and a position, make the error a bit fancier - - // Get the input - var input = token.lexer.input; - - // Prepend some information - start = token.start; - end = token.end; - if (start === input.length) { - error += " at end of input: "; - } else { - error += " at position " + (start + 1) + ": "; - } - - // Underline token in question using combining underscores - var underlined = input.slice(start, end).replace(/[^]/g, "$&\u0332"); - - // Extract some context from the input and add it to the error - var left = void 0; - if (start > 15) { - left = "…" + input.slice(start - 15, start); - } else { - left = input.slice(0, start); - } - var right = void 0; - if (end + 15 < input.length) { - right = input.slice(end, end + 15) + "…"; - } else { - right = input.slice(end); - } - error += left + underlined + right; - } - - // Some hackery to make ParseError a prototype of Error - // See http://stackoverflow.com/a/8460753 - var self = new Error(error); - self.name = "ParseError"; - self.__proto__ = ParseError.prototype; - - self.position = start; - return self; - }; - - // More hackery - - - ParseError.prototype.__proto__ = Error.prototype; - - module.exports = ParseError; - - },{"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4}],30:[function(require,module,exports){ - - Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { - value: true - }); - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * The resulting parse tree nodes of the parse tree. - * - * It is possible to provide position information, so that a ParseNode can - * fulfil a role similar to a Token in error reporting. - * For details on the corresponding properties see Token constructor. - * Providing such information can lead to better error reporting. - * - * @param {string} type type of node, like e.g. "ordgroup" - * @param {?object} value type-specific representation of the node - * @param {string} mode parse mode in action for this node, - * "math" or "text" - * @param {Token=} firstToken first token of the input for this node, - * will omit position information if unset - * @param {Token=} lastToken last token of the input for this node, - * will default to firstToken if unset - */ - var ParseNode = function ParseNode(type, value, mode, firstToken, lastToken) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, ParseNode); - - this.type = type; - this.value = value; - this.mode = mode; - if (firstToken && (!lastToken || lastToken.lexer === firstToken.lexer)) { - this.lexer = firstToken.lexer; - this.start = firstToken.start; - this.end = (lastToken || firstToken).end; - } - }; - - exports.default = ParseNode; - - },{"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4}],31:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _createClass2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/createClass"); - - var _createClass3 = _interopRequireDefault(_createClass2); - - var _functions = require("./functions"); - - var _functions2 = _interopRequireDefault(_functions); - - var _environments = require("./environments"); - - var _environments2 = _interopRequireDefault(_environments); - - var _MacroExpander = require("./MacroExpander"); - - var _MacroExpander2 = _interopRequireDefault(_MacroExpander); - - var _symbols = require("./symbols"); - - var _symbols2 = _interopRequireDefault(_symbols); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - var _units = require("./units"); - - var _units2 = _interopRequireDefault(_units); - - var _unicodeRegexes = require("./unicodeRegexes"); - - var _ParseNode = require("./ParseNode"); - - var _ParseNode2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseNode); - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * This file contains the parser used to parse out a TeX expression from the - * input. Since TeX isn't context-free, standard parsers don't work particularly - * well. - * - * The strategy of this parser is as such: - * - * The main functions (the `.parse...` ones) take a position in the current - * parse string to parse tokens from. The lexer (found in Lexer.js, stored at - * this.lexer) also supports pulling out tokens at arbitrary places. When - * individual tokens are needed at a position, the lexer is called to pull out a - * token, which is then used. - * - * The parser has a property called "mode" indicating the mode that - * the parser is currently in. Currently it has to be one of "math" or - * "text", which denotes whether the current environment is a math-y - * one or a text-y one (e.g. inside \text). Currently, this serves to - * limit the functions which can be used in text mode. - * - * The main functions then return an object which contains the useful data that - * was parsed at its given point, and a new position at the end of the parsed - * data. The main functions can call each other and continue the parsing by - * using the returned position as a new starting point. - * - * There are also extra `.handle...` functions, which pull out some reused - * functionality into self-contained functions. - * - * The earlier functions return ParseNodes. - * The later functions (which are called deeper in the parse) sometimes return - * ParseFuncOrArgument, which contain a ParseNode as well as some data about - * whether the parsed object is a function which is missing some arguments, or a - * standalone object which can be used as an argument to another function. - */ - - /** - * An initial function (without its arguments), or an argument to a function. - * The `result` argument should be a ParseNode. - */ - function ParseFuncOrArgument(result, isFunction, token) { - this.result = result; - // Is this a function (i.e. is it something defined in functions.js)? - this.isFunction = isFunction; - this.token = token; - } /* eslint no-constant-condition:0 */ - - var Parser = function () { - function Parser(input, settings) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, Parser); - - // Create a new macro expander (gullet) and (indirectly via that) also a - // new lexer (mouth) for this parser (stomach, in the language of TeX) - this.gullet = new _MacroExpander2.default(input, settings.macros); - // Use old \color behavior (same as LaTeX's \textcolor) if requested. - // We do this after the macros object has been copied by MacroExpander. - if (settings.colorIsTextColor) { - this.gullet.macros["\\color"] = "\\textcolor"; - } - // Store the settings for use in parsing - this.settings = settings; - // Count leftright depth (for \middle errors) - this.leftrightDepth = 0; - } - - /** - * Checks a result to make sure it has the right type, and throws an - * appropriate error otherwise. - * - * @param {boolean=} consume whether to consume the expected token, - * defaults to true - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(Parser, [{ - key: "expect", - value: function expect(text, consume) { - if (this.nextToken.text !== text) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Expected '" + text + "', got '" + this.nextToken.text + "'", this.nextToken); - } - if (consume !== false) { - this.consume(); - } - } - - /** - * Considers the current look ahead token as consumed, - * and fetches the one after that as the new look ahead. - */ - - }, { - key: "consume", - value: function consume() { - this.nextToken = this.gullet.get(this.mode === "math"); - } - }, { - key: "switchMode", - value: function switchMode(newMode) { - this.gullet.unget(this.nextToken); - this.mode = newMode; - this.consume(); - } - - /** - * Main parsing function, which parses an entire input. - * - * @return {?Array.} - */ - - }, { - key: "parse", - value: function parse() { - // Try to parse the input - this.mode = "math"; - this.consume(); - var parse = this.parseInput(); - return parse; - } - - /** - * Parses an entire input tree. - */ - - }, { - key: "parseInput", - value: function parseInput() { - // Parse an expression - var expression = this.parseExpression(false); - // If we succeeded, make sure there's an EOF at the end - this.expect("EOF", false); - return expression; - } - }, { - key: "parseExpression", - - - /** - * Parses an "expression", which is a list of atoms. - * - * @param {boolean} breakOnInfix Should the parsing stop when we hit infix - * nodes? This happens when functions have higher precendence - * than infix nodes in implicit parses. - * - * @param {?string} breakOnTokenText The text of the token that the expression - * should end with, or `null` if something else should end the - * expression. - * - * @return {ParseNode} - */ - value: function parseExpression(breakOnInfix, breakOnTokenText) { - var body = []; - // Keep adding atoms to the body until we can't parse any more atoms (either - // we reached the end, a }, or a \right) - while (true) { - var lex = this.nextToken; - if (Parser.endOfExpression.indexOf(lex.text) !== -1) { - break; - } - if (breakOnTokenText && lex.text === breakOnTokenText) { - break; - } - if (breakOnInfix && _functions2.default[lex.text] && _functions2.default[lex.text].infix) { - break; - } - var atom = this.parseAtom(); - if (!atom) { - if (!this.settings.throwOnError && lex.text[0] === "\\") { - var errorNode = this.handleUnsupportedCmd(); - body.push(errorNode); - continue; - } - - break; - } - body.push(atom); - } - return this.handleInfixNodes(body); - } - - /** - * Rewrites infix operators such as \over with corresponding commands such - * as \frac. - * - * There can only be one infix operator per group. If there's more than one - * then the expression is ambiguous. This can be resolved by adding {}. - * - * @returns {Array} - */ - - }, { - key: "handleInfixNodes", - value: function handleInfixNodes(body) { - var overIndex = -1; - var funcName = void 0; - - for (var i = 0; i < body.length; i++) { - var node = body[i]; - if (node.type === "infix") { - if (overIndex !== -1) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("only one infix operator per group", node.value.token); - } - overIndex = i; - funcName = node.value.replaceWith; - } - } - - if (overIndex !== -1) { - var numerNode = void 0; - var denomNode = void 0; - - var numerBody = body.slice(0, overIndex); - var denomBody = body.slice(overIndex + 1); - - if (numerBody.length === 1 && numerBody[0].type === "ordgroup") { - numerNode = numerBody[0]; - } else { - numerNode = new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", numerBody, this.mode); - } - - if (denomBody.length === 1 && denomBody[0].type === "ordgroup") { - denomNode = denomBody[0]; - } else { - denomNode = new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", denomBody, this.mode); - } - - var value = this.callFunction(funcName, [numerNode, denomNode], null); - return [new _ParseNode2.default(value.type, value, this.mode)]; - } else { - return body; - } - } - - // The greediness of a superscript or subscript - - }, { - key: "handleSupSubscript", - - - /** - * Handle a subscript or superscript with nice errors. - */ - value: function handleSupSubscript(name) { - var symbolToken = this.nextToken; - var symbol = symbolToken.text; - this.consume(); - var group = this.parseGroup(); - - if (!group) { - if (!this.settings.throwOnError && this.nextToken.text[0] === "\\") { - return this.handleUnsupportedCmd(); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Expected group after '" + symbol + "'", symbolToken); - } - } else if (group.isFunction) { - // ^ and _ have a greediness, so handle interactions with functions' - // greediness - var funcGreediness = _functions2.default[group.result].greediness; - if (funcGreediness > Parser.SUPSUB_GREEDINESS) { - return this.parseFunction(group); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Got function '" + group.result + "' with no arguments " + "as " + name, symbolToken); - } - } else { - return group.result; - } - } - - /** - * Converts the textual input of an unsupported command into a text node - * contained within a color node whose color is determined by errorColor - */ - - }, { - key: "handleUnsupportedCmd", - value: function handleUnsupportedCmd() { - var text = this.nextToken.text; - var textordArray = []; - - for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i++) { - textordArray.push(new _ParseNode2.default("textord", text[i], "text")); - } - - var textNode = new _ParseNode2.default("text", { - body: textordArray, - type: "text" - }, this.mode); - - var colorNode = new _ParseNode2.default("color", { - color: this.settings.errorColor, - value: [textNode], - type: "color" - }, this.mode); - - this.consume(); - return colorNode; - } - - /** - * Parses a group with optional super/subscripts. - * - * @return {?ParseNode} - */ - - }, { - key: "parseAtom", - value: function parseAtom() { - // The body of an atom is an implicit group, so that things like - // \left(x\right)^2 work correctly. - var base = this.parseImplicitGroup(); - - // In text mode, we don't have superscripts or subscripts - if (this.mode === "text") { - return base; - } - - // Note that base may be empty (i.e. null) at this point. - - var superscript = void 0; - var subscript = void 0; - while (true) { - // Lex the first token - var lex = this.nextToken; - - if (lex.text === "\\limits" || lex.text === "\\nolimits") { - // We got a limit control - if (!base || base.type !== "op") { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Limit controls must follow a math operator", lex); - } else { - var limits = lex.text === "\\limits"; - base.value.limits = limits; - base.value.alwaysHandleSupSub = true; - } - this.consume(); - } else if (lex.text === "^") { - // We got a superscript start - if (superscript) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Double superscript", lex); - } - superscript = this.handleSupSubscript("superscript"); - } else if (lex.text === "_") { - // We got a subscript start - if (subscript) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Double subscript", lex); - } - subscript = this.handleSupSubscript("subscript"); - } else if (lex.text === "'") { - // We got a prime - if (superscript) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Double superscript", lex); - } - var prime = new _ParseNode2.default("textord", "\\prime", this.mode); - - // Many primes can be grouped together, so we handle this here - var primes = [prime]; - this.consume(); - // Keep lexing tokens until we get something that's not a prime - while (this.nextToken.text === "'") { - // For each one, add another prime to the list - primes.push(prime); - this.consume(); - } - // If there's a superscript following the primes, combine that - // superscript in with the primes. - if (this.nextToken.text === "^") { - primes.push(this.handleSupSubscript("superscript")); - } - // Put everything into an ordgroup as the superscript - superscript = new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", primes, this.mode); - } else { - // If it wasn't ^, _, or ', stop parsing super/subscripts - break; - } - } - - if (superscript || subscript) { - // If we got either a superscript or subscript, create a supsub - return new _ParseNode2.default("supsub", { - base: base, - sup: superscript, - sub: subscript - }, this.mode); - } else { - // Otherwise return the original body - return base; - } - } - - // A list of the size-changing functions, for use in parseImplicitGroup - - - // A list of the style-changing functions, for use in parseImplicitGroup - - - // Old font functions - - }, { - key: "parseImplicitGroup", - - - /** - * Parses an implicit group, which is a group that starts at the end of a - * specified, and ends right before a higher explicit group ends, or at EOL. It - * is used for functions that appear to affect the current style, like \Large or - * \textrm, where instead of keeping a style we just pretend that there is an - * implicit grouping after it until the end of the group. E.g. - * small text {\Large large text} small text again - * It is also used for \left and \right to get the correct grouping. - * - * @return {?ParseNode} - */ - value: function parseImplicitGroup() { - var start = this.parseSymbol(); - - if (start == null) { - // If we didn't get anything we handle, fall back to parseFunction - return this.parseFunction(); - } - - var func = start.result; - - if (func === "\\left") { - // If we see a left: - // Parse the entire left function (including the delimiter) - var left = this.parseFunction(start); - // Parse out the implicit body - ++this.leftrightDepth; - var body = this.parseExpression(false); - --this.leftrightDepth; - // Check the next token - this.expect("\\right", false); - var right = this.parseFunction(); - return new _ParseNode2.default("leftright", { - body: body, - left: left.value.value, - right: right.value.value - }, this.mode); - } else if (func === "\\begin") { - // begin...end is similar to left...right - var begin = this.parseFunction(start); - var envName = begin.value.name; - if (!_environments2.default.hasOwnProperty(envName)) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("No such environment: " + envName, begin.value.nameGroup); - } - // Build the environment object. Arguments and other information will - // be made available to the begin and end methods using properties. - var env = _environments2.default[envName]; - var args = this.parseArguments("\\begin{" + envName + "}", env); - var context = { - mode: this.mode, - envName: envName, - parser: this, - positions: args.pop() - }; - var result = env.handler(context, args); - this.expect("\\end", false); - var endNameToken = this.nextToken; - var end = this.parseFunction(); - if (end.value.name !== envName) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Mismatch: \\begin{" + envName + "} matched " + "by \\end{" + end.value.name + "}", endNameToken); - } - result.position = end.position; - return result; - } else if (_utils2.default.contains(Parser.sizeFuncs, func)) { - // If we see a sizing function, parse out the implicit body - this.consumeSpaces(); - var _body = this.parseExpression(false); - return new _ParseNode2.default("sizing", { - // Figure out what size to use based on the list of functions above - size: _utils2.default.indexOf(Parser.sizeFuncs, func) + 1, - value: _body - }, this.mode); - } else if (_utils2.default.contains(Parser.styleFuncs, func)) { - // If we see a styling function, parse out the implicit body - this.consumeSpaces(); - var _body2 = this.parseExpression(true); - return new _ParseNode2.default("styling", { - // Figure out what style to use by pulling out the style from - // the function name - style: func.slice(1, func.length - 5), - value: _body2 - }, this.mode); - } else if (func in Parser.oldFontFuncs) { - var style = Parser.oldFontFuncs[func]; - // If we see an old font function, parse out the implicit body - this.consumeSpaces(); - var _body3 = this.parseExpression(true); - if (style.slice(0, 4) === 'text') { - return new _ParseNode2.default("text", { - style: style, - body: new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", _body3, this.mode) - }, this.mode); - } else { - return new _ParseNode2.default("font", { - font: style, - body: new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", _body3, this.mode) - }, this.mode); - } - } else if (func === "\\color") { - // If we see a styling function, parse out the implicit body - var color = this.parseColorGroup(false); - if (!color) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("\\color not followed by color"); - } - var _body4 = this.parseExpression(true); - return new _ParseNode2.default("color", { - type: "color", - color: color.result.value, - value: _body4 - }, this.mode); - } else if (func === "$") { - if (this.mode === "math") { - throw new _ParseError2.default("$ within math mode"); - } - this.consume(); - var outerMode = this.mode; - this.switchMode("math"); - var _body5 = this.parseExpression(false, "$"); - this.expect("$", true); - this.switchMode(outerMode); - return new _ParseNode2.default("styling", { - style: "text", - value: _body5 - }, "math"); - } else { - // Defer to parseFunction if it's not a function we handle - return this.parseFunction(start); - } - } - - /** - * Parses an entire function, including its base and all of its arguments. - * The base might either have been parsed already, in which case - * it is provided as an argument, or it's the next group in the input. - * - * @param {ParseFuncOrArgument=} baseGroup optional as described above - * @return {?ParseNode} - */ - - }, { - key: "parseFunction", - value: function parseFunction(baseGroup) { - if (!baseGroup) { - baseGroup = this.parseGroup(); - } - - if (baseGroup) { - if (baseGroup.isFunction) { - var func = baseGroup.result; - var funcData = _functions2.default[func]; - if (this.mode === "text" && !funcData.allowedInText) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Can't use function '" + func + "' in text mode", baseGroup.token); - } else if (this.mode === "math" && funcData.allowedInMath === false) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Can't use function '" + func + "' in math mode", baseGroup.token); - } - - var args = this.parseArguments(func, funcData); - var token = baseGroup.token; - var result = this.callFunction(func, args, args.pop(), token); - return new _ParseNode2.default(result.type, result, this.mode); - } else { - return baseGroup.result; - } - } else { - return null; - } - } - - /** - * Call a function handler with a suitable context and arguments. - */ - - }, { - key: "callFunction", - value: function callFunction(name, args, positions, token) { - var context = { - funcName: name, - parser: this, - positions: positions, - token: token - }; - return _functions2.default[name].handler(context, args); - } - - /** - * Parses the arguments of a function or environment - * - * @param {string} func "\name" or "\begin{name}" - * @param {{numArgs:number,numOptionalArgs:number|undefined}} funcData - * @return the array of arguments, with the list of positions as last element - */ - - }, { - key: "parseArguments", - value: function parseArguments(func, funcData) { - var totalArgs = funcData.numArgs + funcData.numOptionalArgs; - if (totalArgs === 0) { - return [[this.pos]]; - } - - var baseGreediness = funcData.greediness; - var positions = [this.pos]; - var args = []; - - for (var i = 0; i < totalArgs; i++) { - var nextToken = this.nextToken; - var argType = funcData.argTypes && funcData.argTypes[i]; - var arg = void 0; - if (i < funcData.numOptionalArgs) { - if (argType) { - arg = this.parseGroupOfType(argType, true); - } else { - arg = this.parseGroup(true); - } - if (!arg) { - args.push(null); - positions.push(this.pos); - continue; - } - } else { - if (argType) { - arg = this.parseGroupOfType(argType); - } else { - arg = this.parseGroup(); - } - if (!arg) { - if (!this.settings.throwOnError && this.nextToken.text[0] === "\\") { - arg = new ParseFuncOrArgument(this.handleUnsupportedCmd(this.nextToken.text), false); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Expected group after '" + func + "'", nextToken); - } - } - } - var argNode = void 0; - if (arg.isFunction) { - var argGreediness = _functions2.default[arg.result].greediness; - if (argGreediness > baseGreediness) { - argNode = this.parseFunction(arg); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Got function '" + arg.result + "' as " + "argument to '" + func + "'", nextToken); - } - } else { - argNode = arg.result; - } - args.push(argNode); - positions.push(this.pos); - } - - args.push(positions); - - return args; - } - - /** - * Parses a group when the mode is changing. - * - * @return {?ParseFuncOrArgument} - */ - - }, { - key: "parseGroupOfType", - value: function parseGroupOfType(innerMode, optional) { - var outerMode = this.mode; - // Handle `original` argTypes - if (innerMode === "original") { - innerMode = outerMode; - } - - if (innerMode === "color") { - return this.parseColorGroup(optional); - } - if (innerMode === "size") { - return this.parseSizeGroup(optional); - } - - this.switchMode(innerMode); - if (innerMode === "text") { - // text mode is special because it should ignore the whitespace before - // it - this.consumeSpaces(); - } - // By the time we get here, innerMode is one of "text" or "math". - // We switch the mode of the parser, recurse, then restore the old mode. - var res = this.parseGroup(optional); - this.switchMode(outerMode); - return res; - } - }, { - key: "consumeSpaces", - value: function consumeSpaces() { - while (this.nextToken.text === " ") { - this.consume(); - } - } - - /** - * Parses a group, essentially returning the string formed by the - * brace-enclosed tokens plus some position information. - * - * @param {string} modeName Used to describe the mode in error messages - * @param {boolean=} optional Whether the group is optional or required - */ - - }, { - key: "parseStringGroup", - value: function parseStringGroup(modeName, optional) { - if (optional && this.nextToken.text !== "[") { - return null; - } - var outerMode = this.mode; - this.mode = "text"; - this.expect(optional ? "[" : "{"); - var str = ""; - var firstToken = this.nextToken; - var lastToken = firstToken; - while (this.nextToken.text !== (optional ? "]" : "}")) { - if (this.nextToken.text === "EOF") { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Unexpected end of input in " + modeName, firstToken.range(this.nextToken, str)); - } - lastToken = this.nextToken; - str += lastToken.text; - this.consume(); - } - this.mode = outerMode; - this.expect(optional ? "]" : "}"); - return firstToken.range(lastToken, str); - } - - /** - * Parses a regex-delimited group: the largest sequence of tokens - * whose concatenated strings match `regex`. Returns the string - * formed by the tokens plus some position information. - * - * @param {RegExp} regex - * @param {string} modeName Used to describe the mode in error messages - */ - - }, { - key: "parseRegexGroup", - value: function parseRegexGroup(regex, modeName) { - var outerMode = this.mode; - this.mode = "text"; - var firstToken = this.nextToken; - var lastToken = firstToken; - var str = ""; - while (this.nextToken.text !== "EOF" && regex.test(str + this.nextToken.text)) { - lastToken = this.nextToken; - str += lastToken.text; - this.consume(); - } - if (str === "") { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid " + modeName + ": '" + firstToken.text + "'", firstToken); - } - this.mode = outerMode; - return firstToken.range(lastToken, str); - } - - /** - * Parses a color description. - */ - - }, { - key: "parseColorGroup", - value: function parseColorGroup(optional) { - var res = this.parseStringGroup("color", optional); - if (!res) { - return null; - } - var match = /^(#[a-z0-9]+|[a-z]+)$/i.exec(res.text); - if (!match) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid color: '" + res.text + "'", res); - } - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(new _ParseNode2.default("color", match[0], this.mode), false); - } - - /** - * Parses a size specification, consisting of magnitude and unit. - */ - - }, { - key: "parseSizeGroup", - value: function parseSizeGroup(optional) { - var res = void 0; - if (!optional && this.nextToken.text !== "{") { - res = this.parseRegexGroup(/^[-+]? *(?:$|\d+|\d+\.\d*|\.\d*) *[a-z]{0,2} *$/, "size"); - } else { - res = this.parseStringGroup("size", optional); - } - if (!res) { - return null; - } - var match = /([-+]?) *(\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+) *([a-z]{2})/.exec(res.text); - if (!match) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid size: '" + res.text + "'", res); - } - var data = { - number: +(match[1] + match[2]), // sign + magnitude, cast to number - unit: match[3] - }; - if (!_units2.default.validUnit(data)) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid unit: '" + data.unit + "'", res); - } - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(new _ParseNode2.default("size", data, this.mode), false); - } - - /** - * If the argument is false or absent, this parses an ordinary group, - * which is either a single nucleus (like "x") or an expression - * in braces (like "{x+y}"). - * If the argument is true, it parses either a bracket-delimited expression - * (like "[x+y]") or returns null to indicate the absence of a - * bracket-enclosed group. - * - * @param {boolean=} optional Whether the group is optional or required - * @return {?ParseFuncOrArgument} - */ - - }, { - key: "parseGroup", - value: function parseGroup(optional) { - var firstToken = this.nextToken; - // Try to parse an open brace - if (this.nextToken.text === (optional ? "[" : "{")) { - // If we get a brace, parse an expression - this.consume(); - var expression = this.parseExpression(false, optional ? "]" : null); - var lastToken = this.nextToken; - // Make sure we get a close brace - this.expect(optional ? "]" : "}"); - if (this.mode === "text") { - this.formLigatures(expression); - } - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", expression, this.mode, firstToken, lastToken), false); - } else { - // Otherwise, just return a nucleus, or nothing for an optional group - return optional ? null : this.parseSymbol(); - } - } - - /** - * Form ligature-like combinations of characters for text mode. - * This includes inputs like "--", "---", "``" and "''". - * The result will simply replace multiple textord nodes with a single - * character in each value by a single textord node having multiple - * characters in its value. The representation is still ASCII source. - * - * @param {Array.} group the nodes of this group, - * list will be moified in place - */ - - }, { - key: "formLigatures", - value: function formLigatures(group) { - var n = group.length - 1; - for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) { - var a = group[i]; - var v = a.value; - if (v === "-" && group[i + 1].value === "-") { - if (i + 1 < n && group[i + 2].value === "-") { - group.splice(i, 3, new _ParseNode2.default("textord", "---", "text", a, group[i + 2])); - n -= 2; - } else { - group.splice(i, 2, new _ParseNode2.default("textord", "--", "text", a, group[i + 1])); - n -= 1; - } - } - if ((v === "'" || v === "`") && group[i + 1].value === v) { - group.splice(i, 2, new _ParseNode2.default("textord", v + v, "text", a, group[i + 1])); - n -= 1; - } - } - } - - /** - * Parse a single symbol out of the string. Here, we handle both the functions - * we have defined, as well as the single character symbols - * - * @return {?ParseFuncOrArgument} - */ - - }, { - key: "parseSymbol", - value: function parseSymbol() { - var nucleus = this.nextToken; - - if (_functions2.default[nucleus.text]) { - this.consume(); - // If there exists a function with this name, we return the function and - // say that it is a function. - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(nucleus.text, true, nucleus); - } else if (_symbols2.default[this.mode][nucleus.text]) { - this.consume(); - // Otherwise if this is a no-argument function, find the type it - // corresponds to in the symbols map - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(new _ParseNode2.default(_symbols2.default[this.mode][nucleus.text].group, nucleus.text, this.mode, nucleus), false, nucleus); - } else if (this.mode === "text" && _unicodeRegexes.cjkRegex.test(nucleus.text)) { - this.consume(); - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(new _ParseNode2.default("textord", nucleus.text, this.mode, nucleus), false, nucleus); - } else if (nucleus.text === "$") { - return new ParseFuncOrArgument(nucleus.text, false, nucleus); - } else { - return null; - } - } - }]); - return Parser; - }(); - - Parser.endOfExpression = ["}", "\\end", "\\right", "&", "\\\\", "\\cr"]; - Parser.SUPSUB_GREEDINESS = 1; - Parser.sizeFuncs = ["\\tiny", "\\sixptsize", "\\scriptsize", "\\footnotesize", "\\small", "\\normalsize", "\\large", "\\Large", "\\LARGE", "\\huge", "\\Huge"]; - Parser.styleFuncs = ["\\displaystyle", "\\textstyle", "\\scriptstyle", "\\scriptscriptstyle"]; - Parser.oldFontFuncs = { - "\\rm": "mathrm", - "\\sf": "mathsf", - "\\tt": "mathtt", - "\\bf": "mathbf", - "\\it": "mathit" - }; - - - Parser.prototype.ParseNode = _ParseNode2.default; - - module.exports = Parser; - - },{"./MacroExpander":27,"./ParseError":29,"./ParseNode":30,"./environments":40,"./functions":43,"./symbols":48,"./unicodeRegexes":49,"./units":50,"./utils":51,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5}],32:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * The main Settings object - * - * The current options stored are: - * - displayMode: Whether the expression should be typeset as inline math - * (false, the default), meaning that the math starts in - * \textstyle and is placed in an inline-block); or as display - * math (true), meaning that the math starts in \displaystyle - * and is placed in a block with vertical margin. - */ - var Settings = function Settings(options) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, Settings); - - // allow null options - options = options || {}; - this.displayMode = _utils2.default.deflt(options.displayMode, false); - this.throwOnError = _utils2.default.deflt(options.throwOnError, true); - this.errorColor = _utils2.default.deflt(options.errorColor, "#cc0000"); - this.macros = options.macros || {}; - this.colorIsTextColor = _utils2.default.deflt(options.colorIsTextColor, false); - }; /** - * This is a module for storing settings passed into KaTeX. It correctly handles - * default settings. - */ - - module.exports = Settings; - - },{"./utils":51,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4}],33:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _createClass2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/createClass"); - - var _createClass3 = _interopRequireDefault(_createClass2); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * This file contains information and classes for the various kinds of styles - * used in TeX. It provides a generic `Style` class, which holds information - * about a specific style. It then provides instances of all the different kinds - * of styles possible, and provides functions to move between them and get - * information about them. - */ - - /** - * The main style class. Contains a unique id for the style, a size (which is - * the same for cramped and uncramped version of a style), and a cramped flag. - */ - var Style = function () { - function Style(id, size, cramped) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, Style); - - this.id = id; - this.size = size; - this.cramped = cramped; - } - - /** - * Get the style of a superscript given a base in the current style. - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(Style, [{ - key: "sup", - value: function sup() { - return styles[_sup[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Get the style of a subscript given a base in the current style. - */ - - }, { - key: "sub", - value: function sub() { - return styles[_sub[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Get the style of a fraction numerator given the fraction in the current - * style. - */ - - }, { - key: "fracNum", - value: function fracNum() { - return styles[_fracNum[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Get the style of a fraction denominator given the fraction in the current - * style. - */ - - }, { - key: "fracDen", - value: function fracDen() { - return styles[_fracDen[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Get the cramped version of a style (in particular, cramping a cramped style - * doesn't change the style). - */ - - }, { - key: "cramp", - value: function cramp() { - return styles[_cramp[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Get a text or display version of this style. - */ - - }, { - key: "text", - value: function text() { - return styles[_text[this.id]]; - } - - /** - * Return if this style is tightly spaced (scriptstyle/scriptscriptstyle) - */ - - }, { - key: "isTight", - value: function isTight() { - return this.size >= 2; - } - }]); - return Style; - }(); - - // IDs of the different styles - - - var D = 0; - var Dc = 1; - var T = 2; - var Tc = 3; - var S = 4; - var Sc = 5; - var SS = 6; - var SSc = 7; - - // Instances of the different styles - var styles = [new Style(D, 0, false), new Style(Dc, 0, true), new Style(T, 1, false), new Style(Tc, 1, true), new Style(S, 2, false), new Style(Sc, 2, true), new Style(SS, 3, false), new Style(SSc, 3, true)]; - - // Lookup tables for switching from one style to another - var _sup = [S, Sc, S, Sc, SS, SSc, SS, SSc]; - var _sub = [Sc, Sc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc, SSc, SSc]; - var _fracNum = [T, Tc, S, Sc, SS, SSc, SS, SSc]; - var _fracDen = [Tc, Tc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc, SSc, SSc]; - var _cramp = [Dc, Dc, Tc, Tc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc]; - var _text = [D, Dc, T, Tc, T, Tc, T, Tc]; - - // We only export some of the styles. Also, we don't export the `Style` class so - // no more styles can be generated. - module.exports = { - DISPLAY: styles[D], - TEXT: styles[T], - SCRIPT: styles[S], - SCRIPTSCRIPT: styles[SS] - }; - - },{"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5}],34:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _domTree = require("./domTree"); - - var _domTree2 = _interopRequireDefault(_domTree); - - var _fontMetrics = require("./fontMetrics"); - - var _fontMetrics2 = _interopRequireDefault(_fontMetrics); - - var _symbols = require("./symbols"); - - var _symbols2 = _interopRequireDefault(_symbols); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - // The following have to be loaded from Main-Italic font, using class mainit - /* eslint no-console:0 */ - /** - * This module contains general functions that can be used for building - * different kinds of domTree nodes in a consistent manner. - */ - - var mainitLetters = ["\\imath", // dotless i - "\\jmath", // dotless j - "\\pounds"]; - - /** - * Looks up the given symbol in fontMetrics, after applying any symbol - * replacements defined in symbol.js - */ - var lookupSymbol = function lookupSymbol(value, fontFamily, mode) { - // Replace the value with its replaced value from symbol.js - if (_symbols2.default[mode][value] && _symbols2.default[mode][value].replace) { - value = _symbols2.default[mode][value].replace; - } - return { - value: value, - metrics: _fontMetrics2.default.getCharacterMetrics(value, fontFamily) - }; - }; - - /** - * Makes a symbolNode after translation via the list of symbols in symbols.js. - * Correctly pulls out metrics for the character, and optionally takes a list of - * classes to be attached to the node. - * - * TODO: make argument order closer to makeSpan - * TODO: add a separate argument for math class (e.g. `mop`, `mbin`), which - * should if present come first in `classes`. - */ - var makeSymbol = function makeSymbol(value, fontFamily, mode, options, classes) { - var lookup = lookupSymbol(value, fontFamily, mode); - var metrics = lookup.metrics; - value = lookup.value; - - var symbolNode = void 0; - if (metrics) { - var italic = metrics.italic; - if (mode === "text") { - italic = 0; - } - symbolNode = new _domTree2.default.symbolNode(value, metrics.height, metrics.depth, italic, metrics.skew, classes); - } else { - // TODO(emily): Figure out a good way to only print this in development - typeof console !== "undefined" && console.warn("No character metrics for '" + value + "' in style '" + fontFamily + "'"); - symbolNode = new _domTree2.default.symbolNode(value, 0, 0, 0, 0, classes); - } - - if (options) { - symbolNode.maxFontSize = options.sizeMultiplier; - if (options.style.isTight()) { - symbolNode.classes.push("mtight"); - } - if (options.getColor()) { - symbolNode.style.color = options.getColor(); - } - } - - return symbolNode; - }; - - /** - * Makes a symbol in Main-Regular or AMS-Regular. - * Used for rel, bin, open, close, inner, and punct. - */ - var mathsym = function mathsym(value, mode, options, classes) { - // Decide what font to render the symbol in by its entry in the symbols - // table. - // Have a special case for when the value = \ because the \ is used as a - // textord in unsupported command errors but cannot be parsed as a regular - // text ordinal and is therefore not present as a symbol in the symbols - // table for text - if (value === "\\" || _symbols2.default[mode][value].font === "main") { - return makeSymbol(value, "Main-Regular", mode, options, classes); - } else { - return makeSymbol(value, "AMS-Regular", mode, options, classes.concat(["amsrm"])); - } - }; - - /** - * Makes a symbol in the default font for mathords and textords. - */ - var mathDefault = function mathDefault(value, mode, options, classes, type) { - if (type === "mathord") { - var fontLookup = mathit(value); - return makeSymbol(value, fontLookup.fontName, mode, options, classes.concat([fontLookup.fontClass])); - } else if (type === "textord") { - var font = _symbols2.default[mode][value] && _symbols2.default[mode][value].font; - if (font === "ams") { - return makeSymbol(value, "AMS-Regular", mode, options, classes.concat(["amsrm"])); - } else { - // if (font === "main") { - return makeSymbol(value, "Main-Regular", mode, options, classes.concat(["mathrm"])); - } - } else { - throw new Error("unexpected type: " + type + " in mathDefault"); - } - }; - - /** - * Determines which of the two font names (Main-Italic and Math-Italic) and - * corresponding style tags (mainit or mathit) to use for font "mathit", - * depending on the symbol. Use this function instead of fontMap for font - * "mathit". - */ - var mathit = function mathit(value, mode, options, classes) { - if (/[0-9]/.test(value.charAt(0)) || - // glyphs for \imath and \jmath do not exist in Math-Italic so we - // need to use Main-Italic instead - _utils2.default.contains(mainitLetters, value)) { - return { - fontName: "Main-Italic", - fontClass: "mainit" - }; - } else { - return { - fontName: "Math-Italic", - fontClass: "mathit" - }; - } - }; - - /** - * Makes either a mathord or textord in the correct font and color. - */ - var makeOrd = function makeOrd(group, options, type) { - var mode = group.mode; - var value = group.value; - - var classes = ["mord"]; - - var font = options.font; - if (font) { - var fontLookup = void 0; - if (font === "mathit" || _utils2.default.contains(mainitLetters, value)) { - fontLookup = mathit(value); - } else { - fontLookup = fontMap[font]; - } - if (lookupSymbol(value, fontLookup.fontName, mode).metrics) { - return makeSymbol(value, fontLookup.fontName, mode, options, classes.concat([fontLookup.fontClass || font])); - } else { - return mathDefault(value, mode, options, classes, type); - } - } else { - return mathDefault(value, mode, options, classes, type); - } - }; - - /** - * Calculate the height, depth, and maxFontSize of an element based on its - * children. - */ - var sizeElementFromChildren = function sizeElementFromChildren(elem) { - var height = 0; - var depth = 0; - var maxFontSize = 0; - - if (elem.children) { - for (var i = 0; i < elem.children.length; i++) { - if (elem.children[i].height > height) { - height = elem.children[i].height; - } - if (elem.children[i].depth > depth) { - depth = elem.children[i].depth; - } - if (elem.children[i].maxFontSize > maxFontSize) { - maxFontSize = elem.children[i].maxFontSize; - } - } - } - - elem.height = height; - elem.depth = depth; - elem.maxFontSize = maxFontSize; - }; - - /** - * Makes a span with the given list of classes, list of children, and options. - * - * TODO: Ensure that `options` is always provided (currently some call sites - * don't pass it). - * TODO: add a separate argument for math class (e.g. `mop`, `mbin`), which - * should if present come first in `classes`. - */ - var makeSpan = function makeSpan(classes, children, options) { - var span = new _domTree2.default.span(classes, children, options); - - sizeElementFromChildren(span); - - return span; - }; - - /** - * Prepends the given children to the given span, updating height, depth, and - * maxFontSize. - */ - var prependChildren = function prependChildren(span, children) { - span.children = children.concat(span.children); - - sizeElementFromChildren(span); - }; - - /** - * Makes a document fragment with the given list of children. - */ - var makeFragment = function makeFragment(children) { - var fragment = new _domTree2.default.documentFragment(children); - - sizeElementFromChildren(fragment); - - return fragment; - }; - - /** - * Makes a vertical list by stacking elements and kerns on top of each other. - * Allows for many different ways of specifying the positioning method. - * - * Arguments: - * - children: A list of child or kern nodes to be stacked on top of each other - * (i.e. the first element will be at the bottom, and the last at - * the top). Element nodes are specified as - * {type: "elem", elem: node} - * while kern nodes are specified as - * {type: "kern", size: size} - * - positionType: The method by which the vlist should be positioned. Valid - * values are: - * - "individualShift": The children list only contains elem - * nodes, and each node contains an extra - * "shift" value of how much it should be - * shifted (note that shifting is always - * moving downwards). positionData is - * ignored. - * - "top": The positionData specifies the topmost point of - * the vlist (note this is expected to be a height, - * so positive values move up) - * - "bottom": The positionData specifies the bottommost point - * of the vlist (note this is expected to be a - * depth, so positive values move down - * - "shift": The vlist will be positioned such that its - * baseline is positionData away from the baseline - * of the first child. Positive values move - * downwards. - * - "firstBaseline": The vlist will be positioned such that - * its baseline is aligned with the - * baseline of the first child. - * positionData is ignored. (this is - * equivalent to "shift" with - * positionData=0) - * - positionData: Data used in different ways depending on positionType - * - options: An Options object - * - */ - var makeVList = function makeVList(children, positionType, positionData, options) { - var depth = void 0; - var currPos = void 0; - var i = void 0; - if (positionType === "individualShift") { - var oldChildren = children; - children = [oldChildren[0]]; - - // Add in kerns to the list of children to get each element to be - // shifted to the correct specified shift - depth = -oldChildren[0].shift - oldChildren[0].elem.depth; - currPos = depth; - for (i = 1; i < oldChildren.length; i++) { - var diff = -oldChildren[i].shift - currPos - oldChildren[i].elem.depth; - var size = diff - (oldChildren[i - 1].elem.height + oldChildren[i - 1].elem.depth); - - currPos = currPos + diff; - - children.push({ type: "kern", size: size }); - children.push(oldChildren[i]); - } - } else if (positionType === "top") { - // We always start at the bottom, so calculate the bottom by adding up - // all the sizes - var bottom = positionData; - for (i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { - if (children[i].type === "kern") { - bottom -= children[i].size; - } else { - bottom -= children[i].elem.height + children[i].elem.depth; - } - } - depth = bottom; - } else if (positionType === "bottom") { - depth = -positionData; - } else if (positionType === "shift") { - depth = -children[0].elem.depth - positionData; - } else if (positionType === "firstBaseline") { - depth = -children[0].elem.depth; - } else { - depth = 0; - } - - // Create a strut that is taller than any list item. The strut is added to - // each item, where it will determine the item's baseline. Since it has - // `overflow:hidden`, the strut's top edge will sit on the item's line box's - // top edge and the strut's bottom edge will sit on the item's baseline, - // with no additional line-height spacing. This allows the item baseline to - // be positioned precisely without worrying about font ascent and - // line-height. - var pstrutSize = 0; - for (i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { - if (children[i].type === "elem") { - var child = children[i].elem; - pstrutSize = Math.max(pstrutSize, child.maxFontSize, child.height); - } - } - pstrutSize += 2; - var pstrut = makeSpan(["pstrut"], []); - pstrut.style.height = pstrutSize + "em"; - - // Create a new list of actual children at the correct offsets - var realChildren = []; - var minPos = depth; - var maxPos = depth; - currPos = depth; - for (i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { - if (children[i].type === "kern") { - currPos += children[i].size; - } else { - var _child = children[i].elem; - - var childWrap = makeSpan([], [pstrut, _child]); - childWrap.style.top = -pstrutSize - currPos - _child.depth + "em"; - if (children[i].marginLeft) { - childWrap.style.marginLeft = children[i].marginLeft; - } - if (children[i].marginRight) { - childWrap.style.marginRight = children[i].marginRight; - } - - realChildren.push(childWrap); - currPos += _child.height + _child.depth; - } - minPos = Math.min(minPos, currPos); - maxPos = Math.max(maxPos, currPos); - } - - // The vlist contents go in a table-cell with `vertical-align:bottom`. - // This cell's bottom edge will determine the containing table's baseline - // without overly expanding the containing line-box. - var vlist = makeSpan(["vlist"], realChildren); - vlist.style.height = maxPos + "em"; - - // A second row is used if necessary to represent the vlist's depth. - var rows = void 0; - if (minPos < 0) { - var depthStrut = makeSpan(["vlist"], []); - depthStrut.style.height = -minPos + "em"; - - // Safari wants the first row to have inline content; otherwise it - // puts the bottom of the *second* row on the baseline. - var topStrut = makeSpan(["vlist-s"], [new _domTree2.default.symbolNode("\u200B")]); - - rows = [makeSpan(["vlist-r"], [vlist, topStrut]), makeSpan(["vlist-r"], [depthStrut])]; - } else { - rows = [makeSpan(["vlist-r"], [vlist])]; - } - - var vtable = makeSpan(["vlist-t"], rows); - if (rows.length === 2) { - vtable.classes.push("vlist-t2"); - } - vtable.height = maxPos; - vtable.depth = -minPos; - return vtable; - }; - - // A map of spacing functions to their attributes, like size and corresponding - // CSS class - var spacingFunctions = { - "\\qquad": { - size: "2em", - className: "qquad" - }, - "\\quad": { - size: "1em", - className: "quad" - }, - "\\enspace": { - size: "0.5em", - className: "enspace" - }, - "\\;": { - size: "0.277778em", - className: "thickspace" - }, - "\\:": { - size: "0.22222em", - className: "mediumspace" - }, - "\\,": { - size: "0.16667em", - className: "thinspace" - }, - "\\!": { - size: "-0.16667em", - className: "negativethinspace" - } - }; - - /** - * Maps TeX font commands to objects containing: - * - variant: string used for "mathvariant" attribute in buildMathML.js - * - fontName: the "style" parameter to fontMetrics.getCharacterMetrics - */ - // A map between tex font commands an MathML mathvariant attribute values - var fontMap = { - // styles - "mathbf": { - variant: "bold", - fontName: "Main-Bold" - }, - "mathrm": { - variant: "normal", - fontName: "Main-Regular" - }, - "textit": { - variant: "italic", - fontName: "Main-Italic" - }, - - // "mathit" is missing because it requires the use of two fonts: Main-Italic - // and Math-Italic. This is handled by a special case in makeOrd which ends - // up calling mathit. - - // families - "mathbb": { - variant: "double-struck", - fontName: "AMS-Regular" - }, - "mathcal": { - variant: "script", - fontName: "Caligraphic-Regular" - }, - "mathfrak": { - variant: "fraktur", - fontName: "Fraktur-Regular" - }, - "mathscr": { - variant: "script", - fontName: "Script-Regular" - }, - "mathsf": { - variant: "sans-serif", - fontName: "SansSerif-Regular" - }, - "mathtt": { - variant: "monospace", - fontName: "Typewriter-Regular" - } - }; - - module.exports = { - fontMap: fontMap, - makeSymbol: makeSymbol, - mathsym: mathsym, - makeSpan: makeSpan, - makeFragment: makeFragment, - makeVList: makeVList, - makeOrd: makeOrd, - prependChildren: prependChildren, - spacingFunctions: spacingFunctions - }; - - },{"./domTree":39,"./fontMetrics":41,"./symbols":48,"./utils":51}],35:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _stringify = require("babel-runtime/core-js/json/stringify"); - - var _stringify2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stringify); - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - var _Style = require("./Style"); - - var _Style2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Style); - - var _buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); - - var _buildCommon2 = _interopRequireDefault(_buildCommon); - - var _delimiter = require("./delimiter"); - - var _delimiter2 = _interopRequireDefault(_delimiter); - - var _domTree = require("./domTree"); - - var _domTree2 = _interopRequireDefault(_domTree); - - var _units = require("./units"); - - var _units2 = _interopRequireDefault(_units); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - var _stretchy = require("./stretchy"); - - var _stretchy2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stretchy); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /* eslint no-console:0 */ - /** - * This file does the main work of building a domTree structure from a parse - * tree. The entry point is the `buildHTML` function, which takes a parse tree. - * Then, the buildExpression, buildGroup, and various groupTypes functions are - * called, to produce a final HTML tree. - */ - - var isSpace = function isSpace(node) { - return node instanceof _domTree2.default.span && node.classes[0] === "mspace"; - }; - - // Binary atoms (first class `mbin`) change into ordinary atoms (`mord`) - // depending on their surroundings. See TeXbook pg. 442-446, Rules 5 and 6, - // and the text before Rule 19. - var isBin = function isBin(node) { - return node && node.classes[0] === "mbin"; - }; - - var isBinLeftCanceller = function isBinLeftCanceller(node, isRealGroup) { - // TODO: This code assumes that a node's math class is the first element - // of its `classes` array. A later cleanup should ensure this, for - // instance by changing the signature of `makeSpan`. - if (node) { - return _utils2.default.contains(["mbin", "mopen", "mrel", "mop", "mpunct"], node.classes[0]); - } else { - return isRealGroup; - } - }; - - var isBinRightCanceller = function isBinRightCanceller(node, isRealGroup) { - if (node) { - return _utils2.default.contains(["mrel", "mclose", "mpunct"], node.classes[0]); - } else { - return isRealGroup; - } - }; - - /** - * Splice out any spaces from `children` starting at position `i`, and return - * the spliced-out array. Returns null if `children[i]` does not exist or is not - * a space. - */ - var spliceSpaces = function spliceSpaces(children, i) { - var j = i; - while (j < children.length && isSpace(children[j])) { - j++; - } - if (j === i) { - return null; - } else { - return children.splice(i, j - i); - } - }; - - /** - * Take a list of nodes, build them in order, and return a list of the built - * nodes. documentFragments are flattened into their contents, so the - * returned list contains no fragments. `isRealGroup` is true if `expression` - * is a real group (no atoms will be added on either side), as opposed to - * a partial group (e.g. one created by \color). - */ - var buildExpression = function buildExpression(expression, options, isRealGroup) { - // Parse expressions into `groups`. - var groups = []; - for (var i = 0; i < expression.length; i++) { - var group = expression[i]; - var output = buildGroup(group, options); - if (output instanceof _domTree2.default.documentFragment) { - Array.prototype.push.apply(groups, output.children); - } else { - groups.push(output); - } - } - // At this point `groups` consists entirely of `symbolNode`s and `span`s. - - // Explicit spaces (e.g., \;, \,) should be ignored with respect to atom - // spacing (e.g., "add thick space between mord and mrel"). Since CSS - // adjacency rules implement atom spacing, spaces should be invisible to - // CSS. So we splice them out of `groups` and into the atoms themselves. - for (var _i = 0; _i < groups.length; _i++) { - var spaces = spliceSpaces(groups, _i); - if (spaces) { - // Splicing of spaces may have removed all remaining groups. - if (_i < groups.length) { - // If there is a following group, move space within it. - if (groups[_i] instanceof _domTree2.default.symbolNode) { - groups[_i] = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([].concat(groups[_i].classes), [groups[_i]]); - } - _buildCommon2.default.prependChildren(groups[_i], spaces); - } else { - // Otherwise, put any spaces back at the end of the groups. - Array.prototype.push.apply(groups, spaces); - break; - } - } - } - - // Binary operators change to ordinary symbols in some contexts. - for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < groups.length; _i2++) { - if (isBin(groups[_i2]) && (isBinLeftCanceller(groups[_i2 - 1], isRealGroup) || isBinRightCanceller(groups[_i2 + 1], isRealGroup))) { - groups[_i2].classes[0] = "mord"; - } - } - - // Process \\not commands within the group. - // TODO(kevinb): Handle multiple \\not commands in a row. - // TODO(kevinb): Handle \\not{abc} correctly. The \\not should appear over - // the 'a' instead of the 'c'. - for (var _i3 = 0; _i3 < groups.length; _i3++) { - if (groups[_i3].value === "\u0338" && _i3 + 1 < groups.length) { - var children = groups.slice(_i3, _i3 + 2); - - children[0].classes = ["mainrm"]; - // \u0338 is a combining glyph so we could reorder the children so - // that it comes after the other glyph. This works correctly on - // most browsers except for Safari. Instead we absolutely position - // the glyph and set its right side to match that of the other - // glyph which is visually equivalent. - children[0].style.position = "absolute"; - children[0].style.right = "0"; - - // Copy the classes from the second glyph to the new container. - // This is so it behaves the same as though there was no \\not. - var classes = groups[_i3 + 1].classes; - var container = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(classes, children); - - // LaTeX adds a space between ords separated by a \\not. - if (classes.indexOf("mord") !== -1) { - // \glue(\thickmuskip) 2.77771 plus 2.77771 - container.style.paddingLeft = "0.277771em"; - } - - // Ensure that the \u0338 is positioned relative to the container. - container.style.position = "relative"; - groups.splice(_i3, 2, container); - } - } - - return groups; - }; - - // Return math atom class (mclass) of a domTree. - var getTypeOfDomTree = function getTypeOfDomTree(node) { - if (node instanceof _domTree2.default.documentFragment) { - if (node.children.length) { - return getTypeOfDomTree(node.children[node.children.length - 1]); - } - } else { - if (_utils2.default.contains(["mord", "mop", "mbin", "mrel", "mopen", "mclose", "mpunct", "minner"], node.classes[0])) { - return node.classes[0]; - } - } - return null; - }; - - /** - * Sometimes, groups perform special rules when they have superscripts or - * subscripts attached to them. This function lets the `supsub` group know that - * its inner element should handle the superscripts and subscripts instead of - * handling them itself. - */ - var shouldHandleSupSub = function shouldHandleSupSub(group, options) { - if (!group.value.base) { - return false; - } else { - var base = group.value.base; - if (base.type === "op") { - // Operators handle supsubs differently when they have limits - // (e.g. `\displaystyle\sum_2^3`) - return base.value.limits && (options.style.size === _Style2.default.DISPLAY.size || base.value.alwaysHandleSupSub); - } else if (base.type === "accent") { - return isCharacterBox(base.value.base); - } else if (base.type === "horizBrace") { - var isSup = group.value.sub ? false : true; - return isSup === base.value.isOver; - } else { - return null; - } - } - }; - - /** - * Sometimes we want to pull out the innermost element of a group. In most - * cases, this will just be the group itself, but when ordgroups and colors have - * a single element, we want to pull that out. - */ - var getBaseElem = function getBaseElem(group) { - if (!group) { - return false; - } else if (group.type === "ordgroup") { - if (group.value.length === 1) { - return getBaseElem(group.value[0]); - } else { - return group; - } - } else if (group.type === "color") { - if (group.value.value.length === 1) { - return getBaseElem(group.value.value[0]); - } else { - return group; - } - } else if (group.type === "font") { - return getBaseElem(group.value.body); - } else { - return group; - } - }; - - /** - * TeXbook algorithms often reference "character boxes", which are simply groups - * with a single character in them. To decide if something is a character box, - * we find its innermost group, and see if it is a single character. - */ - var isCharacterBox = function isCharacterBox(group) { - var baseElem = getBaseElem(group); - - // These are all they types of groups which hold single characters - return baseElem.type === "mathord" || baseElem.type === "textord" || baseElem.type === "bin" || baseElem.type === "rel" || baseElem.type === "inner" || baseElem.type === "open" || baseElem.type === "close" || baseElem.type === "punct"; - }; - - var makeNullDelimiter = function makeNullDelimiter(options, classes) { - var moreClasses = ["nulldelimiter"].concat(options.baseSizingClasses()); - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(classes.concat(moreClasses)); - }; - - /** - * This is a map of group types to the function used to handle that type. - * Simpler types come at the beginning, while complicated types come afterwards. - */ - var groupTypes = {}; - - groupTypes.mathord = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.makeOrd(group, options, "mathord"); - }; - - groupTypes.textord = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.makeOrd(group, options, "textord"); - }; - - groupTypes.bin = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["mbin"]); - }; - - groupTypes.rel = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["mrel"]); - }; - - groupTypes.open = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["mopen"]); - }; - - groupTypes.close = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["mclose"]); - }; - - groupTypes.inner = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["minner"]); - }; - - groupTypes.punct = function (group, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options, ["mpunct"]); - }; - - groupTypes.ordgroup = function (group, options) { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord"], buildExpression(group.value, options, true), options); - }; - - groupTypes.text = function (group, options) { - var newOptions = options.withFont(group.value.style); - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.body, newOptions, true); - for (var i = 0; i < inner.length - 1; i++) { - if (inner[i].tryCombine(inner[i + 1])) { - inner.splice(i + 1, 1); - i--; - } - } - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "text"], inner, newOptions); - }; - - groupTypes.color = function (group, options) { - var elements = buildExpression(group.value.value, options.withColor(group.value.color), false); - - // \color isn't supposed to affect the type of the elements it contains. - // To accomplish this, we wrap the results in a fragment, so the inner - // elements will be able to directly interact with their neighbors. For - // example, `\color{red}{2 +} 3` has the same spacing as `2 + 3` - return new _buildCommon2.default.makeFragment(elements); - }; - - groupTypes.supsub = function (group, options) { - // Superscript and subscripts are handled in the TeXbook on page - // 445-446, rules 18(a-f). - - // Here is where we defer to the inner group if it should handle - // superscripts and subscripts itself. - if (shouldHandleSupSub(group, options)) { - return groupTypes[group.value.base.type](group, options); - } - - var base = buildGroup(group.value.base, options); - var supm = void 0; - var subm = void 0; - - var metrics = options.fontMetrics(); - var newOptions = void 0; - - // Rule 18a - var supShift = 0; - var subShift = 0; - - if (group.value.sup) { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(options.style.sup()); - supm = buildGroup(group.value.sup, newOptions, options); - if (!isCharacterBox(group.value.base)) { - supShift = base.height - newOptions.fontMetrics().supDrop * newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - } - } - - if (group.value.sub) { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(options.style.sub()); - subm = buildGroup(group.value.sub, newOptions, options); - if (!isCharacterBox(group.value.base)) { - subShift = base.depth + newOptions.fontMetrics().subDrop * newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - } - } - - // Rule 18c - var minSupShift = void 0; - if (options.style === _Style2.default.DISPLAY) { - minSupShift = metrics.sup1; - } else if (options.style.cramped) { - minSupShift = metrics.sup3; - } else { - minSupShift = metrics.sup2; - } - - // scriptspace is a font-size-independent size, so scale it - // appropriately - var multiplier = options.sizeMultiplier; - var scriptspace = 0.5 / metrics.ptPerEm / multiplier + "em"; - - var supsub = void 0; - if (!group.value.sup) { - // Rule 18b - subShift = Math.max(subShift, metrics.sub1, subm.height - 0.8 * metrics.xHeight); - - var vlistElem = [{ type: "elem", elem: subm, marginRight: scriptspace }]; - // Subscripts shouldn't be shifted by the base's italic correction. - // Account for that by shifting the subscript back the appropriate - // amount. Note we only do this when the base is a single symbol. - if (base instanceof _domTree2.default.symbolNode) { - vlistElem[0].marginLeft = -base.italic + "em"; - } - - supsub = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList(vlistElem, "shift", subShift, options); - } else if (!group.value.sub) { - // Rule 18c, d - supShift = Math.max(supShift, minSupShift, supm.depth + 0.25 * metrics.xHeight); - - supsub = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: supm, marginRight: scriptspace }], "shift", -supShift, options); - } else { - supShift = Math.max(supShift, minSupShift, supm.depth + 0.25 * metrics.xHeight); - subShift = Math.max(subShift, metrics.sub2); - - var ruleWidth = metrics.defaultRuleThickness; - - // Rule 18e - if (supShift - supm.depth - (subm.height - subShift) < 4 * ruleWidth) { - subShift = 4 * ruleWidth - (supShift - supm.depth) + subm.height; - var psi = 0.8 * metrics.xHeight - (supShift - supm.depth); - if (psi > 0) { - supShift += psi; - subShift -= psi; - } - } - - var _vlistElem = [{ type: "elem", elem: subm, shift: subShift, marginRight: scriptspace }, { type: "elem", elem: supm, shift: -supShift, marginRight: scriptspace }]; - // See comment above about subscripts not being shifted - if (base instanceof _domTree2.default.symbolNode) { - _vlistElem[0].marginLeft = -base.italic + "em"; - } - - supsub = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList(_vlistElem, "individualShift", null, options); - } - - // We ensure to wrap the supsub vlist in a span.msupsub to reset text-align - var mclass = getTypeOfDomTree(base) || "mord"; - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([mclass], [base, (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["msupsub"], [supsub])], options); - }; - - groupTypes.genfrac = function (group, options) { - // Fractions are handled in the TeXbook on pages 444-445, rules 15(a-e). - // Figure out what style this fraction should be in based on the - // function used - var style = options.style; - if (group.value.size === "display") { - style = _Style2.default.DISPLAY; - } else if (group.value.size === "text") { - style = _Style2.default.TEXT; - } - - var nstyle = style.fracNum(); - var dstyle = style.fracDen(); - var newOptions = void 0; - - newOptions = options.havingStyle(nstyle); - var numerm = buildGroup(group.value.numer, newOptions, options); - - newOptions = options.havingStyle(dstyle); - var denomm = buildGroup(group.value.denom, newOptions, options); - - var rule = void 0; - var ruleWidth = void 0; - var ruleSpacing = void 0; - if (group.value.hasBarLine) { - rule = makeLineSpan("frac-line", options); - ruleWidth = rule.height; - ruleSpacing = rule.height; - } else { - rule = null; - ruleWidth = 0; - ruleSpacing = options.fontMetrics().defaultRuleThickness; - } - - // Rule 15b - var numShift = void 0; - var clearance = void 0; - var denomShift = void 0; - if (style.size === _Style2.default.DISPLAY.size) { - numShift = options.fontMetrics().num1; - if (ruleWidth > 0) { - clearance = 3 * ruleSpacing; - } else { - clearance = 7 * ruleSpacing; - } - denomShift = options.fontMetrics().denom1; - } else { - if (ruleWidth > 0) { - numShift = options.fontMetrics().num2; - clearance = ruleSpacing; - } else { - numShift = options.fontMetrics().num3; - clearance = 3 * ruleSpacing; - } - denomShift = options.fontMetrics().denom2; - } - - var frac = void 0; - if (ruleWidth === 0) { - // Rule 15c - var candidateClearance = numShift - numerm.depth - (denomm.height - denomShift); - if (candidateClearance < clearance) { - numShift += 0.5 * (clearance - candidateClearance); - denomShift += 0.5 * (clearance - candidateClearance); - } - - frac = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: denomm, shift: denomShift }, { type: "elem", elem: numerm, shift: -numShift }], "individualShift", null, options); - } else { - // Rule 15d - var axisHeight = options.fontMetrics().axisHeight; - - if (numShift - numerm.depth - (axisHeight + 0.5 * ruleWidth) < clearance) { - numShift += clearance - (numShift - numerm.depth - (axisHeight + 0.5 * ruleWidth)); - } - - if (axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth - (denomm.height - denomShift) < clearance) { - denomShift += clearance - (axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth - (denomm.height - denomShift)); - } - - var midShift = -(axisHeight - 0.5 * ruleWidth); - - frac = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: denomm, shift: denomShift }, { type: "elem", elem: rule, shift: midShift }, { type: "elem", elem: numerm, shift: -numShift }], "individualShift", null, options); - } - - // Since we manually change the style sometimes (with \dfrac or \tfrac), - // account for the possible size change here. - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style); - frac.height *= newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - frac.depth *= newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - - // Rule 15e - var delimSize = void 0; - if (style.size === _Style2.default.DISPLAY.size) { - delimSize = options.fontMetrics().delim1; - } else { - delimSize = options.fontMetrics().delim2; - } - - var leftDelim = void 0; - var rightDelim = void 0; - if (group.value.leftDelim == null) { - leftDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options, ["mopen"]); - } else { - leftDelim = _delimiter2.default.customSizedDelim(group.value.leftDelim, delimSize, true, options.havingStyle(style), group.mode, ["mopen"]); - } - if (group.value.rightDelim == null) { - rightDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options, ["mclose"]); - } else { - rightDelim = _delimiter2.default.customSizedDelim(group.value.rightDelim, delimSize, true, options.havingStyle(style), group.mode, ["mclose"]); - } - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord"].concat(newOptions.sizingClasses(options)), [leftDelim, (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mfrac"], [frac]), rightDelim], options); - }; - - groupTypes.array = function (group, options) { - var r = void 0; - var c = void 0; - var nr = group.value.body.length; - var nc = 0; - var body = new Array(nr); - - // Horizontal spacing - var pt = 1 / options.fontMetrics().ptPerEm; - var arraycolsep = 5 * pt; // \arraycolsep in article.cls - - // Vertical spacing - var baselineskip = 12 * pt; // see size10.clo - // Default \jot from ltmath.dtx - // TODO(edemaine): allow overriding \jot via \setlength (#687) - var jot = 3 * pt; - // Default \arraystretch from lttab.dtx - // TODO(gagern): may get redefined once we have user-defined macros - var arraystretch = _utils2.default.deflt(group.value.arraystretch, 1); - var arrayskip = arraystretch * baselineskip; - var arstrutHeight = 0.7 * arrayskip; // \strutbox in ltfsstrc.dtx and - var arstrutDepth = 0.3 * arrayskip; // \@arstrutbox in lttab.dtx - - var totalHeight = 0; - for (r = 0; r < group.value.body.length; ++r) { - var inrow = group.value.body[r]; - var height = arstrutHeight; // \@array adds an \@arstrut - var depth = arstrutDepth; // to each tow (via the template) - - if (nc < inrow.length) { - nc = inrow.length; - } - - var outrow = new Array(inrow.length); - for (c = 0; c < inrow.length; ++c) { - var elt = buildGroup(inrow[c], options); - if (depth < elt.depth) { - depth = elt.depth; - } - if (height < elt.height) { - height = elt.height; - } - outrow[c] = elt; - } - - var gap = 0; - if (group.value.rowGaps[r]) { - gap = _units2.default.calculateSize(group.value.rowGaps[r].value, options); - if (gap > 0) { - // \@argarraycr - gap += arstrutDepth; - if (depth < gap) { - depth = gap; // \@xargarraycr - } - gap = 0; - } - } - // In AMS multiline environments such as aligned and gathered, rows - // correspond to lines that have additional \jot added to the - // \baselineskip via \openup. - if (group.value.addJot) { - depth += jot; - } - - outrow.height = height; - outrow.depth = depth; - totalHeight += height; - outrow.pos = totalHeight; - totalHeight += depth + gap; // \@yargarraycr - body[r] = outrow; - } - - var offset = totalHeight / 2 + options.fontMetrics().axisHeight; - var colDescriptions = group.value.cols || []; - var cols = []; - var colSep = void 0; - var colDescrNum = void 0; - for (c = 0, colDescrNum = 0; - // Continue while either there are more columns or more column - // descriptions, so trailing separators don't get lost. - c < nc || colDescrNum < colDescriptions.length; ++c, ++colDescrNum) { - - var colDescr = colDescriptions[colDescrNum] || {}; - - var firstSeparator = true; - while (colDescr.type === "separator") { - // If there is more than one separator in a row, add a space - // between them. - if (!firstSeparator) { - colSep = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["arraycolsep"], []); - colSep.style.width = options.fontMetrics().doubleRuleSep + "em"; - cols.push(colSep); - } - - if (colDescr.separator === "|") { - var separator = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["vertical-separator"], []); - separator.style.height = totalHeight + "em"; - separator.style.verticalAlign = -(totalHeight - offset) + "em"; - - cols.push(separator); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid separator type: " + colDescr.separator); - } - - colDescrNum++; - colDescr = colDescriptions[colDescrNum] || {}; - firstSeparator = false; - } - - if (c >= nc) { - continue; - } - - var sepwidth = void 0; - if (c > 0 || group.value.hskipBeforeAndAfter) { - sepwidth = _utils2.default.deflt(colDescr.pregap, arraycolsep); - if (sepwidth !== 0) { - colSep = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["arraycolsep"], []); - colSep.style.width = sepwidth + "em"; - cols.push(colSep); - } - } - - var col = []; - for (r = 0; r < nr; ++r) { - var row = body[r]; - var elem = row[c]; - if (!elem) { - continue; - } - var shift = row.pos - offset; - elem.depth = row.depth; - elem.height = row.height; - col.push({ type: "elem", elem: elem, shift: shift }); - } - - col = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList(col, "individualShift", null, options); - col = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["col-align-" + (colDescr.align || "c")], [col]); - cols.push(col); - - if (c < nc - 1 || group.value.hskipBeforeAndAfter) { - sepwidth = _utils2.default.deflt(colDescr.postgap, arraycolsep); - if (sepwidth !== 0) { - colSep = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["arraycolsep"], []); - colSep.style.width = sepwidth + "em"; - cols.push(colSep); - } - } - } - body = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mtable"], cols); - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord"], [body], options); - }; - - groupTypes.spacing = function (group, options) { - if (group.value === "\\ " || group.value === "\\space" || group.value === " " || group.value === "~") { - // Spaces are generated by adding an actual space. Each of these - // things has an entry in the symbols table, so these will be turned - // into appropriate outputs. - if (group.mode === "text") { - return _buildCommon2.default.makeOrd(group, options, "textord"); - } else { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value, group.mode, options)], options); - } - } else { - // Other kinds of spaces are of arbitrary width. We use CSS to - // generate these. - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", _buildCommon2.default.spacingFunctions[group.value].className], [], options); - } - }; - - groupTypes.llap = function (group, options) { - var inner = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["inner"], [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - var fix = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["fix"], []); - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "llap"], [inner, fix], options); - }; - - groupTypes.rlap = function (group, options) { - var inner = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["inner"], [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - var fix = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["fix"], []); - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "rlap"], [inner, fix], options); - }; - - groupTypes.op = function (group, options) { - // Operators are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443-444, rule 13(a). - var supGroup = void 0; - var subGroup = void 0; - var hasLimits = false; - if (group.type === "supsub") { - // If we have limits, supsub will pass us its group to handle. Pull - // out the superscript and subscript and set the group to the op in - // its base. - supGroup = group.value.sup; - subGroup = group.value.sub; - group = group.value.base; - hasLimits = true; - } - - var style = options.style; - - // Most operators have a large successor symbol, but these don't. - var noSuccessor = ["\\smallint"]; - - var large = false; - if (style.size === _Style2.default.DISPLAY.size && group.value.symbol && !_utils2.default.contains(noSuccessor, group.value.body)) { - - // Most symbol operators get larger in displaystyle (rule 13) - large = true; - } - - var base = void 0; - if (group.value.symbol) { - // If this is a symbol, create the symbol. - var fontName = large ? "Size2-Regular" : "Size1-Regular"; - base = _buildCommon2.default.makeSymbol(group.value.body, fontName, "math", options, ["mop", "op-symbol", large ? "large-op" : "small-op"]); - } else if (group.value.value) { - // If this is a list, compose that list. - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, options, true); - if (inner.length === 1 && inner[0] instanceof _domTree2.default.symbolNode) { - base = inner[0]; - base.classes[0] = "mop"; // replace old mclass - } else { - base = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mop"], inner, options); - } - } else { - // Otherwise, this is a text operator. Build the text from the - // operator's name. - // TODO(emily): Add a space in the middle of some of these - // operators, like \limsup - var output = []; - for (var i = 1; i < group.value.body.length; i++) { - output.push(_buildCommon2.default.mathsym(group.value.body[i], group.mode)); - } - base = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mop"], output, options); - } - - // If content of op is a single symbol, shift it vertically. - var baseShift = 0; - var slant = 0; - if (base instanceof _domTree2.default.symbolNode) { - // Shift the symbol so its center lies on the axis (rule 13). It - // appears that our fonts have the centers of the symbols already - // almost on the axis, so these numbers are very small. Note we - // don't actually apply this here, but instead it is used either in - // the vlist creation or separately when there are no limits. - baseShift = (base.height - base.depth) / 2 - options.fontMetrics().axisHeight; - - // The slant of the symbol is just its italic correction. - slant = base.italic; - } - - if (hasLimits) { - // IE 8 clips \int if it is in a display: inline-block. We wrap it - // in a new span so it is an inline, and works. - base = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([], [base]); - - var supm = void 0; - var supKern = void 0; - var subm = void 0; - var subKern = void 0; - var newOptions = void 0; - // We manually have to handle the superscripts and subscripts. This, - // aside from the kern calculations, is copied from supsub. - if (supGroup) { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sup()); - supm = buildGroup(supGroup, newOptions, options); - - supKern = Math.max(options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing1, options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing3 - supm.depth); - } - - if (subGroup) { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sub()); - subm = buildGroup(subGroup, newOptions, options); - - subKern = Math.max(options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing2, options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing4 - subm.height); - } - - // Build the final group as a vlist of the possible subscript, base, - // and possible superscript. - var finalGroup = void 0; - var top = void 0; - var bottom = void 0; - if (!supGroup) { - top = base.height - baseShift; - - // Shift the limits by the slant of the symbol. Note - // that we are supposed to shift the limits by 1/2 of the slant, - // but since we are centering the limits adding a full slant of - // margin will shift by 1/2 that. - finalGroup = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "kern", size: options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing5 }, { type: "elem", elem: subm, marginLeft: -slant + "em" }, { type: "kern", size: subKern }, { type: "elem", elem: base }], "top", top, options); - } else if (!subGroup) { - bottom = base.depth + baseShift; - - finalGroup = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: base }, { type: "kern", size: supKern }, { type: "elem", elem: supm, marginLeft: slant + "em" }, { type: "kern", size: options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing5 }], "bottom", bottom, options); - } else if (!supGroup && !subGroup) { - // This case probably shouldn't occur (this would mean the - // supsub was sending us a group with no superscript or - // subscript) but be safe. - return base; - } else { - bottom = options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing5 + subm.height + subm.depth + subKern + base.depth + baseShift; - - finalGroup = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "kern", size: options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing5 }, { type: "elem", elem: subm, marginLeft: -slant + "em" }, { type: "kern", size: subKern }, { type: "elem", elem: base }, { type: "kern", size: supKern }, { type: "elem", elem: supm, marginLeft: slant + "em" }, { type: "kern", size: options.fontMetrics().bigOpSpacing5 }], "bottom", bottom, options); - } - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mop", "op-limits"], [finalGroup], options); - } else { - if (baseShift) { - base.style.position = "relative"; - base.style.top = baseShift + "em"; - } - - return base; - } - }; - - groupTypes.mod = function (group, options) { - var inner = []; - - if (group.value.modType === "bmod") { - // “\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip\mkern5mu” - if (!options.style.isTight()) { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "negativemediumspace"], [], options)); - } - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "thickspace"], [], options)); - } else if (options.style.size === _Style2.default.DISPLAY.size) { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "quad"], [], options)); - } else if (group.value.modType === "mod") { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "twelvemuspace"], [], options)); - } else { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "eightmuspace"], [], options)); - } - - if (group.value.modType === "pod" || group.value.modType === "pmod") { - inner.push(_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("(", group.mode)); - } - - if (group.value.modType !== "pod") { - var modInner = [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("m", group.mode), _buildCommon2.default.mathsym("o", group.mode), _buildCommon2.default.mathsym("d", group.mode)]; - if (group.value.modType === "bmod") { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mbin"], modInner, options)); - // “\mkern5mu\nonscript\mskip-\medmuskip” - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "thickspace"], [], options)); - if (!options.style.isTight()) { - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "negativemediumspace"], [], options)); - } - } else { - Array.prototype.push.apply(inner, modInner); - inner.push((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mspace", "sixmuspace"], [], options)); - } - } - - if (group.value.value) { - Array.prototype.push.apply(inner, buildExpression(group.value.value, options, false)); - } - - if (group.value.modType === "pod" || group.value.modType === "pmod") { - inner.push(_buildCommon2.default.mathsym(")", group.mode)); - } - - return _buildCommon2.default.makeFragment(inner); - }; - - groupTypes.katex = function (group, options) { - // The KaTeX logo. The offsets for the K and a were chosen to look - // good, but the offsets for the T, E, and X were taken from the - // definition of \TeX in TeX (see TeXbook pg. 356) - var k = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["k"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("K", group.mode)], options); - var a = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["a"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("A", group.mode)], options); - - a.height = (a.height + 0.2) * 0.75; - a.depth = (a.height - 0.2) * 0.75; - - var t = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["t"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("T", group.mode)], options); - var e = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["e"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("E", group.mode)], options); - - e.height = e.height - 0.2155; - e.depth = e.depth + 0.2155; - - var x = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["x"], [_buildCommon2.default.mathsym("X", group.mode)], options); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "katex-logo"], [k, a, t, e, x], options); - }; - - var makeLineSpan = function makeLineSpan(className, options, thickness) { - var line = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([className], [], options); - line.height = thickness || options.fontMetrics().defaultRuleThickness; - line.style.borderBottomWidth = line.height + "em"; - line.maxFontSize = 1.0; - return line; - }; - - groupTypes.overline = function (group, options) { - // Overlines are handled in the TeXbook pg 443, Rule 9. - - // Build the inner group in the cramped style. - var innerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body, options.havingCrampedStyle()); - - // Create the line above the body - var line = makeLineSpan("overline-line", options); - - // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns - var vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: innerGroup }, { type: "kern", size: 3 * line.height }, { type: "elem", elem: line }, { type: "kern", size: line.height }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "overline"], [vlist], options); - }; - - groupTypes.underline = function (group, options) { - // Underlines are handled in the TeXbook pg 443, Rule 10. - // Build the inner group. - var innerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body, options); - - // Create the line above the body - var line = makeLineSpan("underline-line", options); - - // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns - var vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "kern", size: line.height }, { type: "elem", elem: line }, { type: "kern", size: 3 * line.height }, { type: "elem", elem: innerGroup }], "top", innerGroup.height, options); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "underline"], [vlist], options); - }; - - groupTypes.sqrt = function (group, options) { - // Square roots are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443, Rule 11. - - // First, we do the same steps as in overline to build the inner group - // and line - var inner = buildGroup(group.value.body, options.havingCrampedStyle()); - - // Some groups can return document fragments. Handle those by wrapping - // them in a span. - if (inner instanceof _domTree2.default.documentFragment) { - inner = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([], [inner], options); - } - - // Calculate the minimum size for the \surd delimiter - var metrics = options.fontMetrics(); - var theta = metrics.defaultRuleThickness; - - var phi = theta; - if (options.style.id < _Style2.default.TEXT.id) { - phi = options.fontMetrics().xHeight; - } - - // Calculate the clearance between the body and line - var lineClearance = theta + phi / 4; - - var minDelimiterHeight = (inner.height + inner.depth + lineClearance + theta) * options.sizeMultiplier; - - // Create a sqrt SVG of the required minimum size - var img = _delimiter2.default.customSizedDelim("\\surd", minDelimiterHeight, false, options, group.mode); - - // Calculate the actual line width. - // This actually should depend on the chosen font -- e.g. \boldmath - // should use the thicker surd symbols from e.g. KaTeX_Main-Bold, and - // have thicker rules. - var ruleWidth = options.fontMetrics().sqrtRuleThickness * img.sizeMultiplier; - - var delimDepth = img.height - ruleWidth; - - // Adjust the clearance based on the delimiter size - if (delimDepth > inner.height + inner.depth + lineClearance) { - lineClearance = (lineClearance + delimDepth - inner.height - inner.depth) / 2; - } - - // Shift the sqrt image - var imgShift = img.height - inner.height - lineClearance - ruleWidth; - - // We add a special case here, because even when `inner` is empty, we - // still get a line. So, we use a simple heuristic to decide if we - // should omit the body entirely. (note this doesn't work for something - // like `\sqrt{\rlap{x}}`, but if someone is doing that they deserve for - // it not to work. - var body = void 0; - if (inner.height === 0 && inner.depth === 0) { - body = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(); - } else { - inner.style.paddingLeft = img.surdWidth + "em"; - - // Overlay the image and the argument. - body = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: inner }, { type: "kern", size: -(inner.height + imgShift) }, { type: "elem", elem: img }, { type: "kern", size: ruleWidth }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - body.children[0].children[0].classes.push("svg-align"); - } - - if (!group.value.index) { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "sqrt"], [body], options); - } else { - // Handle the optional root index - - // The index is always in scriptscript style - var newOptions = options.havingStyle(_Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT); - var rootm = buildGroup(group.value.index, newOptions, options); - - // The amount the index is shifted by. This is taken from the TeX - // source, in the definition of `\r@@t`. - var toShift = 0.6 * (body.height - body.depth); - - // Build a VList with the superscript shifted up correctly - var rootVList = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: rootm }], "shift", -toShift, options); - // Add a class surrounding it so we can add on the appropriate - // kerning - var rootVListWrap = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["root"], [rootVList]); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "sqrt"], [rootVListWrap, body], options); - } - }; - - function sizingGroup(value, options, baseOptions) { - var inner = buildExpression(value, options, false); - var multiplier = options.sizeMultiplier / baseOptions.sizeMultiplier; - - // Add size-resetting classes to the inner list and set maxFontSize - // manually. Handle nested size changes. - for (var i = 0; i < inner.length; i++) { - var pos = _utils2.default.indexOf(inner[i].classes, "sizing"); - if (pos < 0) { - Array.prototype.push.apply(inner[i].classes, options.sizingClasses(baseOptions)); - } else if (inner[i].classes[pos + 1] === "reset-size" + options.size) { - // This is a nested size change: e.g., inner[i] is the "b" in - // `\Huge a \small b`. Override the old size (the `reset-` class) - // but not the new size. - inner[i].classes[pos + 1] = "reset-size" + baseOptions.size; - } - - inner[i].height *= multiplier; - inner[i].depth *= multiplier; - } - - return _buildCommon2.default.makeFragment(inner); - } - - groupTypes.sizing = function (group, options) { - // Handle sizing operators like \Huge. Real TeX doesn't actually allow - // these functions inside of math expressions, so we do some special - // handling. - var newOptions = options.havingSize(group.value.size); - return sizingGroup(group.value.value, newOptions, options); - }; - - groupTypes.styling = function (group, options) { - // Style changes are handled in the TeXbook on pg. 442, Rule 3. - - // Figure out what style we're changing to. - var styleMap = { - "display": _Style2.default.DISPLAY, - "text": _Style2.default.TEXT, - "script": _Style2.default.SCRIPT, - "scriptscript": _Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT - }; - - var newStyle = styleMap[group.value.style]; - var newOptions = options.havingStyle(newStyle); - return sizingGroup(group.value.value, newOptions, options); - }; - - groupTypes.font = function (group, options) { - var font = group.value.font; - return buildGroup(group.value.body, options.withFont(font)); - }; - - groupTypes.delimsizing = function (group, options) { - var delim = group.value.value; - - if (delim === ".") { - // Empty delimiters still count as elements, even though they don't - // show anything. - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([group.value.mclass]); - } - - // Use delimiter.sizedDelim to generate the delimiter. - return _delimiter2.default.sizedDelim(delim, group.value.size, options, group.mode, [group.value.mclass]); - }; - - groupTypes.leftright = function (group, options) { - // Build the inner expression - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.body, options, true); - - var innerHeight = 0; - var innerDepth = 0; - var hadMiddle = false; - - // Calculate its height and depth - for (var i = 0; i < inner.length; i++) { - if (inner[i].isMiddle) { - hadMiddle = true; - } else { - innerHeight = Math.max(inner[i].height, innerHeight); - innerDepth = Math.max(inner[i].depth, innerDepth); - } - } - - // The size of delimiters is the same, regardless of what style we are - // in. Thus, to correctly calculate the size of delimiter we need around - // a group, we scale down the inner size based on the size. - innerHeight *= options.sizeMultiplier; - innerDepth *= options.sizeMultiplier; - - var leftDelim = void 0; - if (group.value.left === ".") { - // Empty delimiters in \left and \right make null delimiter spaces. - leftDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options, ["mopen"]); - } else { - // Otherwise, use leftRightDelim to generate the correct sized - // delimiter. - leftDelim = _delimiter2.default.leftRightDelim(group.value.left, innerHeight, innerDepth, options, group.mode, ["mopen"]); - } - // Add it to the beginning of the expression - inner.unshift(leftDelim); - - // Handle middle delimiters - if (hadMiddle) { - for (var _i4 = 1; _i4 < inner.length; _i4++) { - var middleDelim = inner[_i4]; - if (middleDelim.isMiddle) { - // Apply the options that were active when \middle was called - inner[_i4] = _delimiter2.default.leftRightDelim(middleDelim.isMiddle.value, innerHeight, innerDepth, middleDelim.isMiddle.options, group.mode, []); - // Add back spaces shifted into the delimiter - var spaces = spliceSpaces(middleDelim.children, 0); - if (spaces) { - _buildCommon2.default.prependChildren(inner[_i4], spaces); - } - } - } - } - - var rightDelim = void 0; - // Same for the right delimiter - if (group.value.right === ".") { - rightDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options, ["mclose"]); - } else { - rightDelim = _delimiter2.default.leftRightDelim(group.value.right, innerHeight, innerDepth, options, group.mode, ["mclose"]); - } - // Add it to the end of the expression. - inner.push(rightDelim); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["minner"], inner, options); - }; - - groupTypes.middle = function (group, options) { - var middleDelim = void 0; - if (group.value.value === ".") { - middleDelim = makeNullDelimiter(options, []); - } else { - middleDelim = _delimiter2.default.sizedDelim(group.value.value, 1, options, group.mode, []); - middleDelim.isMiddle = { value: group.value.value, options: options }; - } - return middleDelim; - }; - - groupTypes.rule = function (group, options) { - // Make an empty span for the rule - var rule = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "rule"], [], options); - - // Calculate the shift, width, and height of the rule, and account for units - var shift = 0; - if (group.value.shift) { - shift = _units2.default.calculateSize(group.value.shift, options); - } - - var width = _units2.default.calculateSize(group.value.width, options); - var height = _units2.default.calculateSize(group.value.height, options); - - // Style the rule to the right size - rule.style.borderRightWidth = width + "em"; - rule.style.borderTopWidth = height + "em"; - rule.style.bottom = shift + "em"; - - // Record the height and width - rule.width = width; - rule.height = height + shift; - rule.depth = -shift; - // Font size is the number large enough that the browser will - // reserve at least `absHeight` space above the baseline. - // The 1.125 factor was empirically determined - rule.maxFontSize = height * 1.125 * options.sizeMultiplier; - - return rule; - }; - - groupTypes.kern = function (group, options) { - // Make an empty span for the rule - var rule = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "rule"], [], options); - - if (group.value.dimension) { - var dimension = _units2.default.calculateSize(group.value.dimension, options); - rule.style.marginLeft = dimension + "em"; - } - - return rule; - }; - - groupTypes.accent = function (group, options) { - // Accents are handled in the TeXbook pg. 443, rule 12. - var base = group.value.base; - - var supsubGroup = void 0; - if (group.type === "supsub") { - // If our base is a character box, and we have superscripts and - // subscripts, the supsub will defer to us. In particular, we want - // to attach the superscripts and subscripts to the inner body (so - // that the position of the superscripts and subscripts won't be - // affected by the height of the accent). We accomplish this by - // sticking the base of the accent into the base of the supsub, and - // rendering that, while keeping track of where the accent is. - - // The supsub group is the group that was passed in - var supsub = group; - // The real accent group is the base of the supsub group - group = supsub.value.base; - // The character box is the base of the accent group - base = group.value.base; - // Stick the character box into the base of the supsub group - supsub.value.base = base; - - // Rerender the supsub group with its new base, and store that - // result. - supsubGroup = buildGroup(supsub, options); - } - - // Build the base group - var body = buildGroup(base, options.havingCrampedStyle()); - - // Does the accent need to shift for the skew of a character? - var mustShift = group.value.isShifty && isCharacterBox(base); - - // Calculate the skew of the accent. This is based on the line "If the - // nucleus is not a single character, let s = 0; otherwise set s to the - // kern amount for the nucleus followed by the \skewchar of its font." - // Note that our skew metrics are just the kern between each character - // and the skewchar. - var skew = 0; - if (mustShift) { - // If the base is a character box, then we want the skew of the - // innermost character. To do that, we find the innermost character: - var baseChar = getBaseElem(base); - // Then, we render its group to get the symbol inside it - var baseGroup = buildGroup(baseChar, options.havingCrampedStyle()); - // Finally, we pull the skew off of the symbol. - skew = baseGroup.skew; - // Note that we now throw away baseGroup, because the layers we - // removed with getBaseElem might contain things like \color which - // we can't get rid of. - // TODO(emily): Find a better way to get the skew - } - - // calculate the amount of space between the body and the accent - var clearance = Math.min(body.height, options.fontMetrics().xHeight); - - // Build the accent - var accentBody = void 0; - if (!group.value.isStretchy) { - var accent = _buildCommon2.default.makeSymbol(group.value.label, "Main-Regular", group.mode, options); - // Remove the italic correction of the accent, because it only serves to - // shift the accent over to a place we don't want. - accent.italic = 0; - - // The \vec character that the fonts use is a combining character, and - // thus shows up much too far to the left. To account for this, we add a - // specific class which shifts the accent over to where we want it. - // TODO(emily): Fix this in a better way, like by changing the font - // Similarly, text accent \H is a combining character and - // requires a different adjustment. - var accentClass = null; - if (group.value.label === "\\vec") { - accentClass = "accent-vec"; - } else if (group.value.label === '\\H') { - accentClass = "accent-hungarian"; - } - - accentBody = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([], [accent]); - accentBody = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["accent-body", accentClass], [accentBody]); - - // Shift the accent over by the skew. Note we shift by twice the skew - // because we are centering the accent, so by adding 2*skew to the left, - // we shift it to the right by 1*skew. - accentBody.style.marginLeft = 2 * skew + "em"; - - accentBody = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: body }, { type: "kern", size: -clearance }, { type: "elem", elem: accentBody }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - } else { - accentBody = _stretchy2.default.svgSpan(group, options); - - accentBody = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: body }, { type: "elem", elem: accentBody }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - - var styleSpan = accentBody.children[0].children[0].children[1]; - styleSpan.classes.push("svg-align"); // text-align: left; - if (skew > 0) { - // Shorten the accent and nudge it to the right. - styleSpan.style.width = "calc(100% - " + 2 * skew + "em)"; - styleSpan.style.marginLeft = 2 * skew + "em"; - } - } - - var accentWrap = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "accent"], [accentBody], options); - - if (supsubGroup) { - // Here, we replace the "base" child of the supsub with our newly - // generated accent. - supsubGroup.children[0] = accentWrap; - - // Since we don't rerun the height calculation after replacing the - // accent, we manually recalculate height. - supsubGroup.height = Math.max(accentWrap.height, supsubGroup.height); - - // Accents should always be ords, even when their innards are not. - supsubGroup.classes[0] = "mord"; - - return supsubGroup; - } else { - return accentWrap; - } - }; - - groupTypes.horizBrace = function (group, options) { - var style = options.style; - - var hasSupSub = group.type === "supsub"; - var supSubGroup = void 0; - var newOptions = void 0; - if (hasSupSub) { - // Ref: LaTeX source2e: }}}}\limits} - // i.e. LaTeX treats the brace similar to an op and passes it - // with \limits, so we need to assign supsub style. - if (group.value.sup) { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sup()); - supSubGroup = buildGroup(group.value.sup, newOptions, options); - } else { - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sub()); - supSubGroup = buildGroup(group.value.sub, newOptions, options); - } - group = group.value.base; - } - - // Build the base group - var body = buildGroup(group.value.base, options.havingBaseStyle(_Style2.default.DISPLAY)); - - // Create the stretchy element - var braceBody = _stretchy2.default.svgSpan(group, options); - - // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns ┏━━━━━━━━┓ - // This first vlist contains the subject matter and the brace: equation - var vlist = void 0; - if (group.value.isOver) { - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: body }, { type: "kern", size: 0.1 }, { type: "elem", elem: braceBody }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - vlist.children[0].children[0].children[1].classes.push("svg-align"); - } else { - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: braceBody }, { type: "kern", size: 0.1 }, { type: "elem", elem: body }], "bottom", body.depth + 0.1 + braceBody.height, options); - vlist.children[0].children[0].children[0].classes.push("svg-align"); - } - - if (hasSupSub) { - // In order to write the supsub, wrap the first vlist in another vlist: - // They can't all go in the same vlist, because the note might be wider - // than the equation. We want the equation to control the brace width. - - // note long note long note - // ┏━━━━━━━━┓ or ┏━━━┓ not ┏━━━━━━━━━┓ - // equation eqn eqn - - var vSpan = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", group.value.isOver ? "mover" : "munder"], [vlist], options); - - if (group.value.isOver) { - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: vSpan }, { type: "kern", size: 0.2 }, { type: "elem", elem: supSubGroup }], "firstBaseline", null, options); - } else { - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: supSubGroup }, { type: "kern", size: 0.2 }, { type: "elem", elem: vSpan }], "bottom", vSpan.depth + 0.2 + supSubGroup.height, options); - } - } - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", group.value.isOver ? "mover" : "munder"], [vlist], options); - }; - - groupTypes.accentUnder = function (group, options) { - // Treat under accents much like underlines. - var innerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body, options); - - var accentBody = _stretchy2.default.svgSpan(group, options); - var kern = /tilde/.test(group.value.label) ? 0.12 : 0; - - // Generate the vlist, with the appropriate kerns - var vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: accentBody }, { type: "kern", size: kern }, { type: "elem", elem: innerGroup }], "bottom", accentBody.height + kern, options); - - vlist.children[0].children[0].children[0].classes.push("svg-align"); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "accentunder"], [vlist], options); - }; - - groupTypes.enclose = function (group, options) { - // \cancel, \bcancel, \xcancel, \sout, \fbox - var inner = buildGroup(group.value.body, options); - - var label = group.value.label.substr(1); - var scale = options.sizeMultiplier; - var img = void 0; - var pad = 0; - var imgShift = 0; - - if (label === "sout") { - img = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["stretchy", "sout"]); - img.height = options.fontMetrics().defaultRuleThickness / scale; - imgShift = -0.5 * options.fontMetrics().xHeight; - } else { - // Add horizontal padding - inner.classes.push(label === "fbox" ? "boxpad" : "cancel-pad"); - - // Add vertical padding - var isCharBox = isCharacterBox(group.value.body); - // ref: LaTeX source2e: \fboxsep = 3pt; \fboxrule = .4pt - // ref: cancel package: \advance\totalheight2\p@ % "+2" - pad = label === "fbox" ? 0.34 : isCharBox ? 0.2 : 0; - imgShift = inner.depth + pad; - - img = _stretchy2.default.encloseSpan(inner, label, pad, options); - } - - var vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: inner, shift: 0 }, { type: "elem", elem: img, shift: imgShift }], "individualShift", null, options); - - if (label !== "fbox") { - vlist.children[0].children[0].children[1].classes.push("svg-align"); - } - - if (/cancel/.test(label)) { - // cancel does not create horiz space for its line extension. - // That is, not when adjacent to a mord. - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord", "cancel-lap"], [vlist], options); - } else { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mord"], [vlist], options); - } - }; - - groupTypes.xArrow = function (group, options) { - var style = options.style; - - // Build the argument groups in the appropriate style. - // Ref: amsmath.dtx: \hbox{$\scriptstyle\mkern#3mu{#6}\mkern#4mu$}% - - var newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sup()); - var upperGroup = buildGroup(group.value.body, newOptions, options); - upperGroup.classes.push("x-arrow-pad"); - - var lowerGroup = void 0; - if (group.value.below) { - // Build the lower group - newOptions = options.havingStyle(style.sub()); - lowerGroup = buildGroup(group.value.below, newOptions, options); - lowerGroup.classes.push("x-arrow-pad"); - } - - var arrowBody = _stretchy2.default.svgSpan(group, options); - - var arrowShift = -options.fontMetrics().axisHeight + arrowBody.depth; - var upperShift = -options.fontMetrics().axisHeight - arrowBody.height - 0.111; // 2 mu. Ref: amsmath.dtx: #7\if0#2\else\mkern#2mu\fi - - // Generate the vlist - var vlist = void 0; - if (group.value.below) { - var lowerShift = -options.fontMetrics().axisHeight + lowerGroup.height + arrowBody.height + 0.111; - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: upperGroup, shift: upperShift }, { type: "elem", elem: arrowBody, shift: arrowShift }, { type: "elem", elem: lowerGroup, shift: lowerShift }], "individualShift", null, options); - } else { - vlist = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList([{ type: "elem", elem: upperGroup, shift: upperShift }, { type: "elem", elem: arrowBody, shift: arrowShift }], "individualShift", null, options); - } - - vlist.children[0].children[0].children[1].classes.push("svg-align"); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["mrel", "x-arrow"], [vlist], options); - }; - - groupTypes.phantom = function (group, options) { - var elements = buildExpression(group.value.value, options.withPhantom(), false); - - // \phantom isn't supposed to affect the elements it contains. - // See "color" for more details. - return new _buildCommon2.default.makeFragment(elements); - }; - - groupTypes.mclass = function (group, options) { - var elements = buildExpression(group.value.value, options, true); - - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([group.value.mclass], elements, options); - }; - - /** - * buildGroup is the function that takes a group and calls the correct groupType - * function for it. It also handles the interaction of size and style changes - * between parents and children. - */ - var buildGroup = function buildGroup(group, options, baseOptions) { - if (!group) { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(); - } - - if (groupTypes[group.type]) { - // Call the groupTypes function - var groupNode = groupTypes[group.type](group, options); - - // If the size changed between the parent and the current group, account - // for that size difference. - if (baseOptions && options.size !== baseOptions.size) { - groupNode = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(options.sizingClasses(baseOptions), [groupNode], options); - - var multiplier = options.sizeMultiplier / baseOptions.sizeMultiplier; - - groupNode.height *= multiplier; - groupNode.depth *= multiplier; - } - - return groupNode; - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Got group of unknown type: '" + group.type + "'"); - } - }; - - /** - * Take an entire parse tree, and build it into an appropriate set of HTML - * nodes. - */ - var buildHTML = function buildHTML(tree, options) { - // buildExpression is destructive, so we need to make a clone - // of the incoming tree so that it isn't accidentally changed - tree = JSON.parse((0, _stringify2.default)(tree)); - - // Build the expression contained in the tree - var expression = buildExpression(tree, options, true); - var body = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["base"], expression, options); - - // Add struts, which ensure that the top of the HTML element falls at the - // height of the expression, and the bottom of the HTML element falls at the - // depth of the expression. - var topStrut = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["strut"]); - var bottomStrut = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["strut", "bottom"]); - - topStrut.style.height = body.height + "em"; - bottomStrut.style.height = body.height + body.depth + "em"; - // We'd like to use `vertical-align: top` but in IE 9 this lowers the - // baseline of the box to the bottom of this strut (instead staying in the - // normal place) so we use an absolute value for vertical-align instead - bottomStrut.style.verticalAlign = -body.depth + "em"; - - // Wrap the struts and body together - var htmlNode = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["katex-html"], [topStrut, bottomStrut, body]); - - htmlNode.setAttribute("aria-hidden", "true"); - - return htmlNode; - }; - - module.exports = buildHTML; - - },{"./ParseError":29,"./Style":33,"./buildCommon":34,"./delimiter":38,"./domTree":39,"./stretchy":47,"./units":50,"./utils":51,"babel-runtime/core-js/json/stringify":2}],36:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); - - var _buildCommon2 = _interopRequireDefault(_buildCommon); - - var _fontMetrics = require("./fontMetrics"); - - var _fontMetrics2 = _interopRequireDefault(_fontMetrics); - - var _mathMLTree = require("./mathMLTree"); - - var _mathMLTree2 = _interopRequireDefault(_mathMLTree); - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - var _Style = require("./Style"); - - var _Style2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Style); - - var _symbols = require("./symbols"); - - var _symbols2 = _interopRequireDefault(_symbols); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - var _stretchy = require("./stretchy"); - - var _stretchy2 = _interopRequireDefault(_stretchy); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * Takes a symbol and converts it into a MathML text node after performing - * optional replacement from symbols.js. - */ - /** - * This file converts a parse tree into a cooresponding MathML tree. The main - * entry point is the `buildMathML` function, which takes a parse tree from the - * parser. - */ - - var makeText = function makeText(text, mode) { - if (_symbols2.default[mode][text] && _symbols2.default[mode][text].replace) { - text = _symbols2.default[mode][text].replace; - } - - return new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode(text); - }; - - /** - * Returns the math variant as a string or null if none is required. - */ - var getVariant = function getVariant(group, options) { - var font = options.font; - if (!font) { - return null; - } - - var mode = group.mode; - if (font === "mathit") { - return "italic"; - } - - var value = group.value; - if (_utils2.default.contains(["\\imath", "\\jmath"], value)) { - return null; - } - - if (_symbols2.default[mode][value] && _symbols2.default[mode][value].replace) { - value = _symbols2.default[mode][value].replace; - } - - var fontName = _buildCommon.fontMap[font].fontName; - if (_fontMetrics2.default.getCharacterMetrics(value, fontName)) { - return _buildCommon.fontMap[options.font].variant; - } - - return null; - }; - - /** - * Functions for handling the different types of groups found in the parse - * tree. Each function should take a parse group and return a MathML node. - */ - var groupTypes = {}; - - var defaultVariant = { - "mi": "italic", - "mn": "normal", - "mtext": "normal" - }; - - groupTypes.mathord = function (group, options) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mi", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - var variant = getVariant(group, options) || "italic"; - if (variant !== defaultVariant[node.type]) { - node.setAttribute("mathvariant", variant); - } - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.textord = function (group, options) { - var text = makeText(group.value, group.mode); - - var variant = getVariant(group, options) || "normal"; - - var node = void 0; - if (group.mode === 'text') { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtext", [text]); - } else if (/[0-9]/.test(group.value)) { - // TODO(kevinb) merge adjacent nodes - // do it as a post processing step - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mn", [text]); - } else if (group.value === "\\prime") { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [text]); - } else { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mi", [text]); - } - if (variant !== defaultVariant[node.type]) { - node.setAttribute("mathvariant", variant); - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.bin = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.rel = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.open = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.close = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.inner = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.punct = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value, group.mode)]); - - node.setAttribute("separator", "true"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.ordgroup = function (group, options) { - var inner = buildExpression(group.value, options); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow", inner); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.text = function (group, options) { - var body = group.value.body; - - // Convert each element of the body into MathML, and combine consecutive - // outputs into a single tag. In this way, we don't - // nest non-text items (e.g., $nested-math$) within an . - var inner = []; - var currentText = null; - for (var i = 0; i < body.length; i++) { - var _group = buildGroup(body[i], options); - if (_group.type === 'mtext' && currentText != null) { - Array.prototype.push.apply(currentText.children, _group.children); - } else { - inner.push(_group); - if (_group.type === 'mtext') { - currentText = _group; - } - } - } - - // If there is a single tag in the end (presumably ), - // just return it. Otherwise, wrap them in an . - if (inner.length === 1) { - return inner[0]; - } else { - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow", inner); - } - }; - - groupTypes.color = function (group, options) { - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, options); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mstyle", inner); - - node.setAttribute("mathcolor", group.value.color); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.supsub = function (group, options) { - // Is the inner group a relevant horizonal brace? - var isBrace = false; - var isOver = void 0; - var isSup = void 0; - if (group.value.base) { - if (group.value.base.value.type === "horizBrace") { - isSup = group.value.sup ? true : false; - if (isSup === group.value.base.value.isOver) { - isBrace = true; - isOver = group.value.base.value.isOver; - } - } - } - - var removeUnnecessaryRow = true; - var children = [buildGroup(group.value.base, options, removeUnnecessaryRow)]; - - if (group.value.sub) { - children.push(buildGroup(group.value.sub, options, removeUnnecessaryRow)); - } - - if (group.value.sup) { - children.push(buildGroup(group.value.sup, options, removeUnnecessaryRow)); - } - - var nodeType = void 0; - if (isBrace) { - nodeType = isOver ? "mover" : "munder"; - } else if (!group.value.sub) { - nodeType = "msup"; - } else if (!group.value.sup) { - nodeType = "msub"; - } else { - var base = group.value.base; - if (base && base.value.limits && options.style === _Style2.default.DISPLAY) { - nodeType = "munderover"; - } else { - nodeType = "msubsup"; - } - } - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode(nodeType, children); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.genfrac = function (group, options) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mfrac", [buildGroup(group.value.numer, options), buildGroup(group.value.denom, options)]); - - if (!group.value.hasBarLine) { - node.setAttribute("linethickness", "0px"); - } - - if (group.value.leftDelim != null || group.value.rightDelim != null) { - var withDelims = []; - - if (group.value.leftDelim != null) { - var leftOp = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode(group.value.leftDelim)]); - - leftOp.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - - withDelims.push(leftOp); - } - - withDelims.push(node); - - if (group.value.rightDelim != null) { - var rightOp = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode(group.value.rightDelim)]); - - rightOp.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - - withDelims.push(rightOp); - } - - var outerNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow", withDelims); - - return outerNode; - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.array = function (group, options) { - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtable", group.value.body.map(function (row) { - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtr", row.map(function (cell) { - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtd", [buildGroup(cell, options)]); - })); - })); - }; - - groupTypes.sqrt = function (group, options) { - var node = void 0; - if (group.value.index) { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mroot", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options), buildGroup(group.value.index, options)]); - } else { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("msqrt", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.leftright = function (group, options) { - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.body, options); - - if (group.value.left !== ".") { - var leftNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value.left, group.mode)]); - - leftNode.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - - inner.unshift(leftNode); - } - - if (group.value.right !== ".") { - var rightNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value.right, group.mode)]); - - rightNode.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - - inner.push(rightNode); - } - - var outerNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow", inner); - - return outerNode; - }; - - groupTypes.middle = function (group, options) { - var middleNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value.middle, group.mode)]); - middleNode.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - return middleNode; - }; - - groupTypes.accent = function (group, options) { - var accentNode = void 0; - if (group.value.isStretchy) { - accentNode = _stretchy2.default.mathMLnode(group.value.label); - } else { - accentNode = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value.label, group.mode)]); - } - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mover", [buildGroup(group.value.base, options), accentNode]); - - node.setAttribute("accent", "true"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.spacing = function (group) { - var node = void 0; - - if (group.value === "\\ " || group.value === "\\space" || group.value === " " || group.value === "~") { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtext", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode("\xA0")]); - } else { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mspace"); - - node.setAttribute("width", _buildCommon2.default.spacingFunctions[group.value].size); - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.op = function (group, options) { - var node = void 0; - - // TODO(emily): handle big operators using the `largeop` attribute - - if (group.value.symbol) { - // This is a symbol. Just add the symbol. - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(group.value.body, group.mode)]); - } else if (group.value.value) { - // This is an operator with children. Add them. - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", buildExpression(group.value.value, options)); - } else { - // This is a text operator. Add all of the characters from the - // operator's name. - // TODO(emily): Add a space in the middle of some of these - // operators, like \limsup. - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mi", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode(group.value.body.slice(1))]); - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.mod = function (group, options) { - var inner = []; - - if (group.value.modType === "pod" || group.value.modType === "pmod") { - inner.push(new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText("(", group.mode)])); - } - if (group.value.modType !== "pod") { - inner.push(new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText("mod", group.mode)])); - } - if (group.value.value) { - var space = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mspace"); - space.setAttribute("width", "0.333333em"); - inner.push(space); - inner = inner.concat(buildExpression(group.value.value, options)); - } - if (group.value.modType === "pod" || group.value.modType === "pmod") { - inner.push(new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [makeText(")", group.mode)])); - } - - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", inner); - }; - - groupTypes.katex = function (group) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mtext", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode("KaTeX")]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.font = function (group, options) { - var font = group.value.font; - return buildGroup(group.value.body, options.withFont(font)); - }; - - groupTypes.delimsizing = function (group) { - var children = []; - - if (group.value.value !== ".") { - children.push(makeText(group.value.value, group.mode)); - } - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", children); - - if (group.value.mclass === "mopen" || group.value.mclass === "mclose") { - // Only some of the delimsizing functions act as fences, and they - // return "mopen" or "mclose" mclass. - node.setAttribute("fence", "true"); - } else { - // Explicitly disable fencing if it's not a fence, to override the - // defaults. - node.setAttribute("fence", "false"); - } - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.styling = function (group, options) { - // Figure out what style we're changing to. - // TODO(kevinb): dedupe this with buildHTML.js - // This will be easier of handling of styling nodes is in the same file. - var styleMap = { - "display": _Style2.default.DISPLAY, - "text": _Style2.default.TEXT, - "script": _Style2.default.SCRIPT, - "scriptscript": _Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT - }; - - var newStyle = styleMap[group.value.style]; - var newOptions = options.havingStyle(newStyle); - - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, newOptions); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mstyle", inner); - - var styleAttributes = { - "display": ["0", "true"], - "text": ["0", "false"], - "script": ["1", "false"], - "scriptscript": ["2", "false"] - }; - - var attr = styleAttributes[group.value.style]; - - node.setAttribute("scriptlevel", attr[0]); - node.setAttribute("displaystyle", attr[1]); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.sizing = function (group, options) { - var newOptions = options.havingSize(group.value.size); - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, newOptions); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mstyle", inner); - - // TODO(emily): This doesn't produce the correct size for nested size - // changes, because we don't keep state of what style we're currently - // in, so we can't reset the size to normal before changing it. Now - // that we're passing an options parameter we should be able to fix - // this. - node.setAttribute("mathsize", newOptions.sizeMultiplier + "em"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.overline = function (group, options) { - var operator = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode("\u203E")]); - operator.setAttribute("stretchy", "true"); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mover", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options), operator]); - node.setAttribute("accent", "true"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.underline = function (group, options) { - var operator = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mo", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode("\u203E")]); - operator.setAttribute("stretchy", "true"); - - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("munder", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options), operator]); - node.setAttribute("accentunder", "true"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.accentUnder = function (group, options) { - var accentNode = _stretchy2.default.mathMLnode(group.value.label); - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("munder", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options), accentNode]); - node.setAttribute("accentunder", "true"); - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.enclose = function (group, options) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("menclose", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - var notation = ""; - switch (group.value.label) { - case "\\bcancel": - notation = "downdiagonalstrike"; - break; - case "\\sout": - notation = "horizontalstrike"; - break; - case "\\fbox": - notation = "box"; - break; - default: - notation = "updiagonalstrike"; - } - node.setAttribute("notation", notation); - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.horizBrace = function (group, options) { - var accentNode = _stretchy2.default.mathMLnode(group.value.label); - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode(group.value.isOver ? "mover" : "munder", [buildGroup(group.value.base, options), accentNode]); - }; - - groupTypes.xArrow = function (group, options) { - var arrowNode = _stretchy2.default.mathMLnode(group.value.label); - var node = void 0; - var lowerNode = void 0; - - if (group.value.body) { - var upperNode = buildGroup(group.value.body, options); - if (group.value.below) { - lowerNode = buildGroup(group.value.below, options); - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("munderover", [arrowNode, lowerNode, upperNode]); - } else { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mover", [arrowNode, upperNode]); - } - } else if (group.value.below) { - lowerNode = buildGroup(group.value.below, options); - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("munder", [arrowNode, lowerNode]); - } else { - node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mover", [arrowNode]); - } - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.rule = function (group) { - // TODO(emily): Figure out if there's an actual way to draw black boxes - // in MathML. - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.kern = function (group) { - // TODO(kevin): Figure out if there's a way to add space in MathML - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.llap = function (group, options) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mpadded", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - - node.setAttribute("lspace", "-1width"); - node.setAttribute("width", "0px"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.rlap = function (group, options) { - var node = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mpadded", [buildGroup(group.value.body, options)]); - - node.setAttribute("width", "0px"); - - return node; - }; - - groupTypes.phantom = function (group, options) { - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, options); - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mphantom", inner); - }; - - groupTypes.mclass = function (group, options) { - var inner = buildExpression(group.value.value, options); - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mstyle", inner); - }; - - /** - * Takes a list of nodes, builds them, and returns a list of the generated - * MathML nodes. A little simpler than the HTML version because we don't do any - * previous-node handling. - */ - var buildExpression = function buildExpression(expression, options) { - var groups = []; - for (var i = 0; i < expression.length; i++) { - var group = expression[i]; - groups.push(buildGroup(group, options)); - } - - // TODO(kevinb): combine \\not with mrels and mords - - return groups; - }; - - /** - * Takes a group from the parser and calls the appropriate groupTypes function - * on it to produce a MathML node. - */ - // TODO(kevinb): determine if removeUnnecessaryRow should always be true - var buildGroup = function buildGroup(group, options) { - var removeUnnecessaryRow = arguments.length > 2 && arguments[2] !== undefined ? arguments[2] : false; - - if (!group) { - return new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow"); - } - - if (groupTypes[group.type]) { - // Call the groupTypes function - var result = groupTypes[group.type](group, options); - if (removeUnnecessaryRow) { - if (result.type === "mrow" && result.children.length === 1) { - return result.children[0]; - } - } - return result; - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Got group of unknown type: '" + group.type + "'"); - } - }; - - /** - * Takes a full parse tree and settings and builds a MathML representation of - * it. In particular, we put the elements from building the parse tree into a - * tag so we can also include that TeX source as an annotation. - * - * Note that we actually return a domTree element with a `` inside it so - * we can do appropriate styling. - */ - var buildMathML = function buildMathML(tree, texExpression, options) { - var expression = buildExpression(tree, options); - - // Wrap up the expression in an mrow so it is presented in the semantics - // tag correctly. - var wrapper = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("mrow", expression); - - // Build a TeX annotation of the source - var annotation = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("annotation", [new _mathMLTree2.default.TextNode(texExpression)]); - - annotation.setAttribute("encoding", "application/x-tex"); - - var semantics = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("semantics", [wrapper, annotation]); - - var math = new _mathMLTree2.default.MathNode("math", [semantics]); - - // You can't style nodes, so we wrap the node in a span. - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["katex-mathml"], [math]); - }; - - module.exports = buildMathML; - - },{"./ParseError":29,"./Style":33,"./buildCommon":34,"./fontMetrics":41,"./mathMLTree":45,"./stretchy":47,"./symbols":48,"./utils":51}],37:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _buildHTML = require("./buildHTML"); - - var _buildHTML2 = _interopRequireDefault(_buildHTML); - - var _buildMathML = require("./buildMathML"); - - var _buildMathML2 = _interopRequireDefault(_buildMathML); - - var _buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); - - var _Options = require("./Options"); - - var _Options2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Options); - - var _Settings = require("./Settings"); - - var _Settings2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Settings); - - var _Style = require("./Style"); - - var _Style2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Style); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - var buildTree = function buildTree(tree, expression, settings) { - settings = settings || new _Settings2.default({}); - - var startStyle = _Style2.default.TEXT; - if (settings.displayMode) { - startStyle = _Style2.default.DISPLAY; - } - - // Setup the default options - var options = new _Options2.default({ - style: startStyle - }); - - // `buildHTML` sometimes messes with the parse tree (like turning bins -> - // ords), so we build the MathML version first. - var mathMLNode = (0, _buildMathML2.default)(tree, expression, options); - var htmlNode = (0, _buildHTML2.default)(tree, options); - - var katexNode = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["katex"], [mathMLNode, htmlNode]); - - if (settings.displayMode) { - return (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["katex-display"], [katexNode]); - } else { - return katexNode; - } - }; - - module.exports = buildTree; - - },{"./Options":28,"./Settings":32,"./Style":33,"./buildCommon":34,"./buildHTML":35,"./buildMathML":36}],38:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - var _Style = require("./Style"); - - var _Style2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Style); - - var _buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); - - var _buildCommon2 = _interopRequireDefault(_buildCommon); - - var _fontMetrics = require("./fontMetrics"); - - var _fontMetrics2 = _interopRequireDefault(_fontMetrics); - - var _symbols = require("./symbols"); - - var _symbols2 = _interopRequireDefault(_symbols); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * Get the metrics for a given symbol and font, after transformation (i.e. - * after following replacement from symbols.js) - */ - /** - * This file deals with creating delimiters of various sizes. The TeXbook - * discusses these routines on page 441-442, in the "Another subroutine sets box - * x to a specified variable delimiter" paragraph. - * - * There are three main routines here. `makeSmallDelim` makes a delimiter in the - * normal font, but in either text, script, or scriptscript style. - * `makeLargeDelim` makes a delimiter in textstyle, but in one of the Size1, - * Size2, Size3, or Size4 fonts. `makeStackedDelim` makes a delimiter out of - * smaller pieces that are stacked on top of one another. - * - * The functions take a parameter `center`, which determines if the delimiter - * should be centered around the axis. - * - * Then, there are three exposed functions. `sizedDelim` makes a delimiter in - * one of the given sizes. This is used for things like `\bigl`. - * `customSizedDelim` makes a delimiter with a given total height+depth. It is - * called in places like `\sqrt`. `leftRightDelim` makes an appropriate - * delimiter which surrounds an expression of a given height an depth. It is - * used in `\left` and `\right`. - */ - - var getMetrics = function getMetrics(symbol, font) { - if (_symbols2.default.math[symbol] && _symbols2.default.math[symbol].replace) { - return _fontMetrics2.default.getCharacterMetrics(_symbols2.default.math[symbol].replace, font); - } else { - return _fontMetrics2.default.getCharacterMetrics(symbol, font); - } - }; - - /** - * Puts a delimiter span in a given style, and adds appropriate height, depth, - * and maxFontSizes. - */ - var styleWrap = function styleWrap(delim, toStyle, options, classes) { - var newOptions = options.havingBaseStyle(toStyle); - - var span = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)((classes || []).concat(newOptions.sizingClasses(options)), [delim], options); - - span.delimSizeMultiplier = newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - span.height *= span.delimSizeMultiplier; - span.depth *= span.delimSizeMultiplier; - span.maxFontSize = newOptions.sizeMultiplier; - - return span; - }; - - var centerSpan = function centerSpan(span, options, style) { - var newOptions = options.havingBaseStyle(style); - var shift = (1 - options.sizeMultiplier / newOptions.sizeMultiplier) * options.fontMetrics().axisHeight; - - span.classes.push("delimcenter"); - span.style.top = shift + "em"; - span.height -= shift; - span.depth += shift; - }; - - /** - * Makes a small delimiter. This is a delimiter that comes in the Main-Regular - * font, but is restyled to either be in textstyle, scriptstyle, or - * scriptscriptstyle. - */ - var makeSmallDelim = function makeSmallDelim(delim, style, center, options, mode, classes) { - var text = _buildCommon2.default.makeSymbol(delim, "Main-Regular", mode, options); - var span = styleWrap(text, style, options, classes); - if (center) { - centerSpan(span, options, style); - } - return span; - }; - - /** - * Builds a symbol in the given font size (note size is an integer) - */ - var mathrmSize = function mathrmSize(value, size, mode, options) { - return _buildCommon2.default.makeSymbol(value, "Size" + size + "-Regular", mode, options); - }; - - /** - * Makes a large delimiter. This is a delimiter that comes in the Size1, Size2, - * Size3, or Size4 fonts. It is always rendered in textstyle. - */ - var makeLargeDelim = function makeLargeDelim(delim, size, center, options, mode, classes) { - var inner = mathrmSize(delim, size, mode, options); - var span = styleWrap((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["delimsizing", "size" + size], [inner], options), _Style2.default.TEXT, options, classes); - if (center) { - centerSpan(span, options, _Style2.default.TEXT); - } - return span; - }; - - /** - * Make an inner span with the given offset and in the given font. This is used - * in `makeStackedDelim` to make the stacking pieces for the delimiter. - */ - var makeInner = function makeInner(symbol, font, mode) { - var sizeClass = void 0; - // Apply the correct CSS class to choose the right font. - if (font === "Size1-Regular") { - sizeClass = "delim-size1"; - } else if (font === "Size4-Regular") { - sizeClass = "delim-size4"; - } - - var inner = (0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["delimsizinginner", sizeClass], [(0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)([], [_buildCommon2.default.makeSymbol(symbol, font, mode)])]); - - // Since this will be passed into `makeVList` in the end, wrap the element - // in the appropriate tag that VList uses. - return { type: "elem", elem: inner }; - }; - - /** - * Make a stacked delimiter out of a given delimiter, with the total height at - * least `heightTotal`. This routine is mentioned on page 442 of the TeXbook. - */ - var makeStackedDelim = function makeStackedDelim(delim, heightTotal, center, options, mode, classes) { - // There are four parts, the top, an optional middle, a repeated part, and a - // bottom. - var top = void 0; - var middle = void 0; - var repeat = void 0; - var bottom = void 0; - top = repeat = bottom = delim; - middle = null; - // Also keep track of what font the delimiters are in - var font = "Size1-Regular"; - - // We set the parts and font based on the symbol. Note that we use - // '\u23d0' instead of '|' and '\u2016' instead of '\\|' for the - // repeats of the arrows - if (delim === "\\uparrow") { - repeat = bottom = "\u23D0"; - } else if (delim === "\\Uparrow") { - repeat = bottom = "\u2016"; - } else if (delim === "\\downarrow") { - top = repeat = "\u23D0"; - } else if (delim === "\\Downarrow") { - top = repeat = "\u2016"; - } else if (delim === "\\updownarrow") { - top = "\\uparrow"; - repeat = "\u23D0"; - bottom = "\\downarrow"; - } else if (delim === "\\Updownarrow") { - top = "\\Uparrow"; - repeat = "\u2016"; - bottom = "\\Downarrow"; - } else if (delim === "[" || delim === "\\lbrack") { - top = "\u23A1"; - repeat = "\u23A2"; - bottom = "\u23A3"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "]" || delim === "\\rbrack") { - top = "\u23A4"; - repeat = "\u23A5"; - bottom = "\u23A6"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\lfloor") { - repeat = top = "\u23A2"; - bottom = "\u23A3"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\lceil") { - top = "\u23A1"; - repeat = bottom = "\u23A2"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\rfloor") { - repeat = top = "\u23A5"; - bottom = "\u23A6"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\rceil") { - top = "\u23A4"; - repeat = bottom = "\u23A5"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "(") { - top = "\u239B"; - repeat = "\u239C"; - bottom = "\u239D"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === ")") { - top = "\u239E"; - repeat = "\u239F"; - bottom = "\u23A0"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\{" || delim === "\\lbrace") { - top = "\u23A7"; - middle = "\u23A8"; - bottom = "\u23A9"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\}" || delim === "\\rbrace") { - top = "\u23AB"; - middle = "\u23AC"; - bottom = "\u23AD"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\lgroup") { - top = "\u23A7"; - bottom = "\u23A9"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\rgroup") { - top = "\u23AB"; - bottom = "\u23AD"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\lmoustache") { - top = "\u23A7"; - bottom = "\u23AD"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } else if (delim === "\\rmoustache") { - top = "\u23AB"; - bottom = "\u23A9"; - repeat = "\u23AA"; - font = "Size4-Regular"; - } - - // Get the metrics of the four sections - var topMetrics = getMetrics(top, font); - var topHeightTotal = topMetrics.height + topMetrics.depth; - var repeatMetrics = getMetrics(repeat, font); - var repeatHeightTotal = repeatMetrics.height + repeatMetrics.depth; - var bottomMetrics = getMetrics(bottom, font); - var bottomHeightTotal = bottomMetrics.height + bottomMetrics.depth; - var middleHeightTotal = 0; - var middleFactor = 1; - if (middle !== null) { - var middleMetrics = getMetrics(middle, font); - middleHeightTotal = middleMetrics.height + middleMetrics.depth; - middleFactor = 2; // repeat symmetrically above and below middle - } - - // Calcuate the minimal height that the delimiter can have. - // It is at least the size of the top, bottom, and optional middle combined. - var minHeight = topHeightTotal + bottomHeightTotal + middleHeightTotal; - - // Compute the number of copies of the repeat symbol we will need - var repeatCount = Math.ceil((heightTotal - minHeight) / (middleFactor * repeatHeightTotal)); - - // Compute the total height of the delimiter including all the symbols - var realHeightTotal = minHeight + repeatCount * middleFactor * repeatHeightTotal; - - // The center of the delimiter is placed at the center of the axis. Note - // that in this context, "center" means that the delimiter should be - // centered around the axis in the current style, while normally it is - // centered around the axis in textstyle. - var axisHeight = options.fontMetrics().axisHeight; - if (center) { - axisHeight *= options.sizeMultiplier; - } - // Calculate the depth - var depth = realHeightTotal / 2 - axisHeight; - - // Now, we start building the pieces that will go into the vlist - - // Keep a list of the inner pieces - var inners = []; - - // Add the bottom symbol - inners.push(makeInner(bottom, font, mode)); - - if (middle === null) { - // Add that many symbols - for (var i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) { - inners.push(makeInner(repeat, font, mode)); - } - } else { - // When there is a middle bit, we need the middle part and two repeated - // sections - for (var _i = 0; _i < repeatCount; _i++) { - inners.push(makeInner(repeat, font, mode)); - } - inners.push(makeInner(middle, font, mode)); - for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < repeatCount; _i2++) { - inners.push(makeInner(repeat, font, mode)); - } - } - - // Add the top symbol - inners.push(makeInner(top, font, mode)); - - // Finally, build the vlist - var newOptions = options.havingBaseStyle(_Style2.default.TEXT); - var inner = _buildCommon2.default.makeVList(inners, "bottom", depth, newOptions); - - return styleWrap((0, _buildCommon.makeSpan)(["delimsizing", "mult"], [inner], newOptions), _Style2.default.TEXT, options, classes); - }; - - var sqrtInnerSVG = { - // The main path geometry is from glyph U221A in the font KaTeX Main - main: "", - - // size1 is from glyph U221A in the font KaTeX_Size1-Regular - 1: "", - - // size2 is from glyph U221A in the font KaTeX_Size2-Regular - 2: "", - - // size3 is from glyph U221A in the font KaTeX_Size3-Regular - 3: "", - - // size4 is from glyph U221A in the font KaTeX_Size4-Regular - 4: "", - - // tall is from glyph U23B7 in the font KaTeX_Size4-Regular - tall: "l-4 4-4 4c-.667.667-2 1.5-4 2.5s-4.167 1.833-6.5 2.5-5.5 1-9.5 1h\n-12l-28-84c-16.667-52-96.667 -294.333-240-727l-212 -643 -85 170c-4-3.333-8.333\n-7.667-13 -13l-13-13l77-155 77-156c66 199.333 139 419.667 219 661 l218 661z\nM702 0H400000v40H742z'/>" - }; - - var sqrtSpan = function sqrtSpan(height, delim, options) { - // Create a span containing an SVG image of a sqrt symbol. - var span = _buildCommon2.default.makeSpan([], [], options); - var sizeMultiplier = options.sizeMultiplier; // default - - if (delim.type === "small") { - // Get an SVG that is derived from glyph U+221A in font KaTeX-Main. - var newOptions = options.havingBaseStyle(delim.style); - sizeMultiplier = newOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - - span.height = 1 * sizeMultiplier; - span.style.height = span.height + "em"; - span.surdWidth = 0.833 * sizeMultiplier; // from the font. - //In the font, the glyph is 1000 units tall. The font scale is 1:1000. - - span.innerHTML = "\n " + sqrtInnerSVG['main'] + ""; - } else if (delim.type === "large") { - // These SVGs come from fonts: KaTeX_Size1, _Size2, etc. - // Get sqrt height from font data - span.height = sizeToMaxHeight[delim.size] / sizeMultiplier; - span.style.height = span.height + "em"; - span.surdWidth = 1.0 / sizeMultiplier; // from the font - - span.innerHTML = "\n " + sqrtInnerSVG[delim.size] + ""; - } else { - // Tall sqrt. In TeX, this would be stacked using multiple glyphs. - // We'll use a single SVG to accomplish the same thing. - span.height = height / sizeMultiplier; - span.style.height = span.height + "em"; - span.surdWidth = 1.056 / sizeMultiplier; - var viewBoxHeight = Math.floor(span.height * 1000); // scale = 1:1000 - var vertSegment = viewBoxHeight - 54; - - // This \sqrt is customized in both height and width. We set the - // height now. Then CSS will stretch the image to the correct width. - // This SVG path comes from glyph U+23B7, font KaTeX_Size4-Regular. - span.innerHTML = "\n \n "; - } - - span.sizeMultiplier = sizeMultiplier; - - return span; - }; - - // There are three kinds of delimiters, delimiters that stack when they become - // too large - var stackLargeDelimiters = ["(", ")", "[", "\\lbrack", "]", "\\rbrack", "\\{", "\\lbrace", "\\}", "\\rbrace", "\\lfloor", "\\rfloor", "\\lceil", "\\rceil", "\\surd"]; - - // delimiters that always stack - var stackAlwaysDelimiters = ["\\uparrow", "\\downarrow", "\\updownarrow", "\\Uparrow", "\\Downarrow", "\\Updownarrow", "|", "\\|", "\\vert", "\\Vert", "\\lvert", "\\rvert", "\\lVert", "\\rVert", "\\lgroup", "\\rgroup", "\\lmoustache", "\\rmoustache"]; - - // and delimiters that never stack - var stackNeverDelimiters = ["<", ">", "\\langle", "\\rangle", "/", "\\backslash", "\\lt", "\\gt"]; - - // Metrics of the different sizes. Found by looking at TeX's output of - // $\bigl| // \Bigl| \biggl| \Biggl| \showlists$ - // Used to create stacked delimiters of appropriate sizes in makeSizedDelim. - var sizeToMaxHeight = [0, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0]; - - /** - * Used to create a delimiter of a specific size, where `size` is 1, 2, 3, or 4. - */ - var makeSizedDelim = function makeSizedDelim(delim, size, options, mode, classes) { - // < and > turn into \langle and \rangle in delimiters - if (delim === "<" || delim === "\\lt") { - delim = "\\langle"; - } else if (delim === ">" || delim === "\\gt") { - delim = "\\rangle"; - } - - // Sized delimiters are never centered. - if (_utils2.default.contains(stackLargeDelimiters, delim) || _utils2.default.contains(stackNeverDelimiters, delim)) { - return makeLargeDelim(delim, size, false, options, mode, classes); - } else if (_utils2.default.contains(stackAlwaysDelimiters, delim)) { - return makeStackedDelim(delim, sizeToMaxHeight[size], false, options, mode, classes); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Illegal delimiter: '" + delim + "'"); - } - }; - - /** - * There are three different sequences of delimiter sizes that the delimiters - * follow depending on the kind of delimiter. This is used when creating custom - * sized delimiters to decide whether to create a small, large, or stacked - * delimiter. - * - * In real TeX, these sequences aren't explicitly defined, but are instead - * defined inside the font metrics. Since there are only three sequences that - * are possible for the delimiters that TeX defines, it is easier to just encode - * them explicitly here. - */ - - // Delimiters that never stack try small delimiters and large delimiters only - var stackNeverDelimiterSequence = [{ type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.TEXT }, { type: "large", size: 1 }, { type: "large", size: 2 }, { type: "large", size: 3 }, { type: "large", size: 4 }]; - - // Delimiters that always stack try the small delimiters first, then stack - var stackAlwaysDelimiterSequence = [{ type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.TEXT }, { type: "stack" }]; - - // Delimiters that stack when large try the small and then large delimiters, and - // stack afterwards - var stackLargeDelimiterSequence = [{ type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPTSCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.SCRIPT }, { type: "small", style: _Style2.default.TEXT }, { type: "large", size: 1 }, { type: "large", size: 2 }, { type: "large", size: 3 }, { type: "large", size: 4 }, { type: "stack" }]; - - /** - * Get the font used in a delimiter based on what kind of delimiter it is. - */ - var delimTypeToFont = function delimTypeToFont(type) { - if (type.type === "small") { - return "Main-Regular"; - } else if (type.type === "large") { - return "Size" + type.size + "-Regular"; - } else if (type.type === "stack") { - return "Size4-Regular"; - } - }; - - /** - * Traverse a sequence of types of delimiters to decide what kind of delimiter - * should be used to create a delimiter of the given height+depth. - */ - var traverseSequence = function traverseSequence(delim, height, sequence, options) { - // Here, we choose the index we should start at in the sequences. In smaller - // sizes (which correspond to larger numbers in style.size) we start earlier - // in the sequence. Thus, scriptscript starts at index 3-3=0, script starts - // at index 3-2=1, text starts at 3-1=2, and display starts at min(2,3-0)=2 - var start = Math.min(2, 3 - options.style.size); - for (var i = start; i < sequence.length; i++) { - if (sequence[i].type === "stack") { - // This is always the last delimiter, so we just break the loop now. - break; - } - - var metrics = getMetrics(delim, delimTypeToFont(sequence[i])); - var heightDepth = metrics.height + metrics.depth; - - // Small delimiters are scaled down versions of the same font, so we - // account for the style change size. - - if (sequence[i].type === "small") { - var newOptions = options.havingBaseStyle(sequence[i].style); - heightDepth *= newOptions.sizeMultiplier; - } - - // Check if the delimiter at this size works for the given height. - if (heightDepth > height) { - return sequence[i]; - } - } - - // If we reached the end of the sequence, return the last sequence element. - return sequence[sequence.length - 1]; - }; - - /** - * Make a delimiter of a given height+depth, with optional centering. Here, we - * traverse the sequences, and create a delimiter that the sequence tells us to. - */ - var makeCustomSizedDelim = function makeCustomSizedDelim(delim, height, center, options, mode, classes) { - if (delim === "<" || delim === "\\lt") { - delim = "\\langle"; - } else if (delim === ">" || delim === "\\gt") { - delim = "\\rangle"; - } - - // Decide what sequence to use - var sequence = void 0; - if (_utils2.default.contains(stackNeverDelimiters, delim)) { - sequence = stackNeverDelimiterSequence; - } else if (_utils2.default.contains(stackLargeDelimiters, delim)) { - sequence = stackLargeDelimiterSequence; - } else { - sequence = stackAlwaysDelimiterSequence; - } - - // Look through the sequence - var delimType = traverseSequence(delim, height, sequence, options); - - if (delim === "\\surd") { - // Get an SVG image for - return sqrtSpan(height, delimType, options); - } else { - // Get the delimiter from font glyphs. - // Depending on the sequence element we decided on, call the - // appropriate function. - if (delimType.type === "small") { - return makeSmallDelim(delim, delimType.style, center, options, mode, classes); - } else if (delimType.type === "large") { - return makeLargeDelim(delim, delimType.size, center, options, mode, classes); - } else if (delimType.type === "stack") { - return makeStackedDelim(delim, height, center, options, mode, classes); - } - } - }; - - /** - * Make a delimiter for use with `\left` and `\right`, given a height and depth - * of an expression that the delimiters surround. - */ - var makeLeftRightDelim = function makeLeftRightDelim(delim, height, depth, options, mode, classes) { - // We always center \left/\right delimiters, so the axis is always shifted - var axisHeight = options.fontMetrics().axisHeight * options.sizeMultiplier; - - // Taken from TeX source, tex.web, function make_left_right - var delimiterFactor = 901; - var delimiterExtend = 5.0 / options.fontMetrics().ptPerEm; - - var maxDistFromAxis = Math.max(height - axisHeight, depth + axisHeight); - - var totalHeight = Math.max( - // In real TeX, calculations are done using integral values which are - // 65536 per pt, or 655360 per em. So, the division here truncates in - // TeX but doesn't here, producing different results. If we wanted to - // exactly match TeX's calculation, we could do - // Math.floor(655360 * maxDistFromAxis / 500) * - // delimiterFactor / 655360 - // (To see the difference, compare - // x^{x^{\left(\rule{0.1em}{0.68em}\right)}} - // in TeX and KaTeX) - maxDistFromAxis / 500 * delimiterFactor, 2 * maxDistFromAxis - delimiterExtend); - - // Finally, we defer to `makeCustomSizedDelim` with our calculated total - // height - return makeCustomSizedDelim(delim, totalHeight, true, options, mode, classes); - }; - - module.exports = { - sizedDelim: makeSizedDelim, - customSizedDelim: makeCustomSizedDelim, - leftRightDelim: makeLeftRightDelim - }; - - },{"./ParseError":29,"./Style":33,"./buildCommon":34,"./fontMetrics":41,"./symbols":48,"./utils":51}],39:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _createClass2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/createClass"); - - var _createClass3 = _interopRequireDefault(_createClass2); - - var _unicodeRegexes = require("./unicodeRegexes"); - - var _unicodeRegexes2 = _interopRequireDefault(_unicodeRegexes); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * Create an HTML className based on a list of classes. In addition to joining - * with spaces, we also remove null or empty classes. - */ - /** - * These objects store the data about the DOM nodes we create, as well as some - * extra data. They can then be transformed into real DOM nodes with the - * `toNode` function or HTML markup using `toMarkup`. They are useful for both - * storing extra properties on the nodes, as well as providing a way to easily - * work with the DOM. - * - * Similar functions for working with MathML nodes exist in mathMLTree.js. - */ - var createClass = function createClass(classes) { - classes = classes.slice(); - for (var i = classes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { - if (!classes[i]) { - classes.splice(i, 1); - } - } - - return classes.join(" "); - }; - - /** - * This node represents a span node, with a className, a list of children, and - * an inline style. It also contains information about its height, depth, and - * maxFontSize. - */ - - var span = function () { - function span(classes, children, options) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, span); - - this.classes = classes || []; - this.children = children || []; - this.height = 0; - this.depth = 0; - this.maxFontSize = 0; - this.style = {}; - this.attributes = {}; - this.innerHTML; // used for inline SVG code. - if (options) { - if (options.style.isTight()) { - this.classes.push("mtight"); - } - if (options.getColor()) { - this.style.color = options.getColor(); - } - } - } - - /** - * Sets an arbitrary attribute on the span. Warning: use this wisely. Not all - * browsers support attributes the same, and having too many custom attributes - * is probably bad. - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(span, [{ - key: "setAttribute", - value: function setAttribute(attribute, value) { - this.attributes[attribute] = value; - } - }, { - key: "tryCombine", - value: function tryCombine(sibling) { - return false; - } - - /** - * Convert the span into an HTML node - */ - - }, { - key: "toNode", - value: function toNode() { - var span = document.createElement("span"); - - // Apply the class - span.className = createClass(this.classes); - - // Apply inline styles - for (var style in this.style) { - if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.style, style)) { - span.style[style] = this.style[style]; - } - } - - // Apply attributes - for (var attr in this.attributes) { - if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.attributes, attr)) { - span.setAttribute(attr, this.attributes[attr]); - } - } - - if (this.innerHTML) { - span.innerHTML = this.innerHTML; - } - - // Append the children, also as HTML nodes - for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) { - span.appendChild(this.children[i].toNode()); - } - - return span; - } - - /** - * Convert the span into an HTML markup string - */ - - }, { - key: "toMarkup", - value: function toMarkup() { - var markup = " 0 || createClass(this.classes) !== createClass(sibling.classes) || this.skew !== sibling.skew || this.maxFontSize !== sibling.maxFontSize) { - return false; - } - for (var style in this.style) { - if (this.style.hasOwnProperty(style) && this.style[style] !== sibling.style[style]) { - return false; - } - } - for (var _style in sibling.style) { - if (sibling.style.hasOwnProperty(_style) && this.style[_style] !== sibling.style[_style]) { - return false; - } - } - this.value += sibling.value; - this.height = Math.max(this.height, sibling.height); - this.depth = Math.max(this.depth, sibling.depth); - this.italic = sibling.italic; - return true; - } - - /** - * Creates a text node or span from a symbol node. Note that a span is only - * created if it is needed. - */ - - }, { - key: "toNode", - value: function toNode() { - var node = document.createTextNode(this.value); - var span = null; - - if (this.italic > 0) { - span = document.createElement("span"); - span.style.marginRight = this.italic + "em"; - } - - if (this.classes.length > 0) { - span = span || document.createElement("span"); - span.className = createClass(this.classes); - } - - for (var style in this.style) { - if (this.style.hasOwnProperty(style)) { - span = span || document.createElement("span"); - span.style[style] = this.style[style]; - } - } - - if (span) { - span.appendChild(node); - return span; - } else { - return node; - } - } - - /** - * Creates markup for a symbol node. - */ - - }, { - key: "toMarkup", - value: function toMarkup() { - // TODO(alpert): More duplication than I'd like from - // span.prototype.toMarkup and symbolNode.prototype.toNode... - var needsSpan = false; - - var markup = " 0) { - styles += "margin-right:" + this.italic + "em;"; - } - for (var style in this.style) { - if (this.style.hasOwnProperty(style)) { - styles += _utils2.default.hyphenate(style) + ":" + this.style[style] + ";"; - } - } - - if (styles) { - needsSpan = true; - markup += " style=\"" + _utils2.default.escape(styles) + "\""; - } - - var escaped = _utils2.default.escape(this.value); - if (needsSpan) { - markup += ">"; - markup += escaped; - markup += "      "; - return markup; - } else { - return escaped; - } - } - }]); - return symbolNode; - }(); - - module.exports = { - span: span, - documentFragment: documentFragment, - symbolNode: symbolNode - }; - - },{"./unicodeRegexes":49,"./utils":51,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5}],40:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _ParseNode = require("./ParseNode"); - - var _ParseNode2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseNode); - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * Parse the body of the environment, with rows delimited by \\ and - * columns delimited by &, and create a nested list in row-major order - * with one group per cell. If given an optional argument style - * ("text", "display", etc.), then each cell is cast into that style. - */ - /* eslint no-constant-condition:0 */ - function parseArray(parser, result, style) { - var row = []; - var body = [row]; - var rowGaps = []; - while (true) { - var cell = parser.parseExpression(false, null); - cell = new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", cell, parser.mode); - if (style) { - cell = new _ParseNode2.default("styling", { - style: style, - value: [cell] - }, parser.mode); - } - row.push(cell); - var next = parser.nextToken.text; - if (next === "&") { - parser.consume(); - } else if (next === "\\end") { - break; - } else if (next === "\\\\" || next === "\\cr") { - var cr = parser.parseFunction(); - rowGaps.push(cr.value.size); - row = []; - body.push(row); - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Expected & or \\\\ or \\end", parser.nextToken); - } - } - result.body = body; - result.rowGaps = rowGaps; - return new _ParseNode2.default(result.type, result, parser.mode); - } - - /* - * An environment definition is very similar to a function definition: - * it is declared with a name or a list of names, a set of properties - * and a handler containing the actual implementation. - * - * The properties include: - * - numArgs: The number of arguments after the \begin{name} function. - * - argTypes: (optional) Just like for a function - * - allowedInText: (optional) Whether or not the environment is allowed inside - * text mode (default false) (not enforced yet) - * - numOptionalArgs: (optional) Just like for a function - * A bare number instead of that object indicates the numArgs value. - * - * The handler function will receive two arguments - * - context: information and references provided by the parser - * - args: an array of arguments passed to \begin{name} - * The context contains the following properties: - * - envName: the name of the environment, one of the listed names. - * - parser: the parser object - * - lexer: the lexer object - * - positions: the positions associated with these arguments from args. - * The handler must return a ParseResult. - */ - function defineEnvironment(names, props, handler) { - if (typeof names === "string") { - names = [names]; - } - if (typeof props === "number") { - props = { numArgs: props }; - } - // Set default values of environments - var data = { - numArgs: props.numArgs || 0, - argTypes: props.argTypes, - greediness: 1, - allowedInText: !!props.allowedInText, - numOptionalArgs: props.numOptionalArgs || 0, - handler: handler - }; - for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) { - module.exports[names[i]] = data; - } - } - - // Decides on a style for cells in an array according to whether the given - // environment name starts with the letter 'd'. - function dCellStyle(envName) { - if (envName.substr(0, 1) === "d") { - return "display"; - } else { - return "text"; - } - } - - // Arrays are part of LaTeX, defined in lttab.dtx so its documentation - // is part of the source2e.pdf file of LaTeX2e source documentation. - // {darray} is an {array} environment where cells are set in \displaystyle, - // as defined in nccmath.sty. - defineEnvironment(["array", "darray"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var colalign = args[0]; - colalign = colalign.value.map ? colalign.value : [colalign]; - var cols = colalign.map(function (node) { - var ca = node.value; - if ("lcr".indexOf(ca) !== -1) { - return { - type: "align", - align: ca - }; - } else if (ca === "|") { - return { - type: "separator", - separator: "|" - }; - } - throw new _ParseError2.default("Unknown column alignment: " + node.value, node); - }); - var res = { - type: "array", - cols: cols, - hskipBeforeAndAfter: true }; - res = parseArray(context.parser, res, dCellStyle(context.envName)); - return res; - }); - - // The matrix environments of amsmath builds on the array environment - // of LaTeX, which is discussed above. - defineEnvironment(["matrix", "pmatrix", "bmatrix", "Bmatrix", "vmatrix", "Vmatrix"], {}, function (context) { - var delimiters = { - "matrix": null, - "pmatrix": ["(", ")"], - "bmatrix": ["[", "]"], - "Bmatrix": ["\\{", "\\}"], - "vmatrix": ["|", "|"], - "Vmatrix": ["\\Vert", "\\Vert"] - }[context.envName]; - var res = { - type: "array", - hskipBeforeAndAfter: false }; - res = parseArray(context.parser, res, dCellStyle(context.envName)); - if (delimiters) { - res = new _ParseNode2.default("leftright", { - body: [res], - left: delimiters[0], - right: delimiters[1] - }, context.mode); - } - return res; - }); - - // A cases environment (in amsmath.sty) is almost equivalent to - // \def\arraystretch{1.2}% - // \left\{\begin{array}{@{}l@{\quad}l@{}} … \end{array}\right. - // {dcases} is a {cases} environment where cells are set in \displaystyle, - // as defined in mathtools.sty. - defineEnvironment(["cases", "dcases"], {}, function (context) { - var res = { - type: "array", - arraystretch: 1.2, - cols: [{ - type: "align", - align: "l", - pregap: 0, - // TODO(kevinb) get the current style. - // For now we use the metrics for TEXT style which is what we were - // doing before. Before attempting to get the current style we - // should look at TeX's behavior especially for \over and matrices. - postgap: 1.0 }, { - type: "align", - align: "l", - pregap: 0, - postgap: 0 - }] - }; - res = parseArray(context.parser, res, dCellStyle(context.envName)); - res = new _ParseNode2.default("leftright", { - body: [res], - left: "\\{", - right: "." - }, context.mode); - return res; - }); - - // An aligned environment is like the align* environment - // except it operates within math mode. - // Note that we assume \nomallineskiplimit to be zero, - // so that \strut@ is the same as \strut. - defineEnvironment("aligned", {}, function (context) { - var res = { - type: "array", - cols: [], - addJot: true - }; - res = parseArray(context.parser, res, "display"); - // Count number of columns = maximum number of cells in each row. - // At the same time, prepend empty group {} at beginning of every second - // cell in each row (starting with second cell) so that operators become - // binary. This behavior is implemented in amsmath's \start@aligned. - var emptyGroup = new _ParseNode2.default("ordgroup", [], context.mode); - var numCols = 0; - res.value.body.forEach(function (row) { - for (var i = 1; i < row.length; i += 2) { - // Modify ordgroup node within styling node - var ordgroup = row[i].value.value[0]; - ordgroup.value.unshift(emptyGroup); - } - if (numCols < row.length) { - numCols = row.length; - } - }); - for (var i = 0; i < numCols; ++i) { - var align = "r"; - var pregap = 0; - if (i % 2 === 1) { - align = "l"; - } else if (i > 0) { - pregap = 2; // one \qquad between columns - } - res.value.cols[i] = { - type: "align", - align: align, - pregap: pregap, - postgap: 0 - }; - } - return res; - }); - - // A gathered environment is like an array environment with one centered - // column, but where rows are considered lines so get \jot line spacing - // and contents are set in \displaystyle. - defineEnvironment("gathered", {}, function (context) { - var res = { - type: "array", - cols: [{ - type: "align", - align: "c" - }], - addJot: true - }; - res = parseArray(context.parser, res, "display"); - return res; - }); - - },{"./ParseError":29,"./ParseNode":30}],41:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _unicodeRegexes = require("./unicodeRegexes"); - - var _fontMetricsData = require("./fontMetricsData"); - - var _fontMetricsData2 = _interopRequireDefault(_fontMetricsData); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * This file contains metrics regarding fonts and individual symbols. The sigma - * and xi variables, as well as the metricMap map contain data extracted from - * TeX, TeX font metrics, and the TTF files. These data are then exposed via the - * `metrics` variable and the getCharacterMetrics function. - */ - - // In TeX, there are actually three sets of dimensions, one for each of - // textstyle (size index 5 and higher: >=9pt), scriptstyle (size index 3 and 4: - // 7-8pt), and scriptscriptstyle (size index 1 and 2: 5-6pt). These are - // provided in the the arrays below, in that order. - // - // The font metrics are stored in fonts cmsy10, cmsy7, and cmsy5 respsectively. - // This was determined by running the following script: - // - // latex -interaction=nonstopmode \ - // '\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\begin{document}' \ - // '$a$ \expandafter\show\the\textfont2' \ - // '\expandafter\show\the\scriptfont2' \ - // '\expandafter\show\the\scriptscriptfont2' \ - // '\stop' - // - // The metrics themselves were retreived using the following commands: - // - // tftopl cmsy10 - // tftopl cmsy7 - // tftopl cmsy5 - // - // The output of each of these commands is quite lengthy. The only part we - // care about is the FONTDIMEN section. Each value is measured in EMs. - var sigmasAndXis = { - slant: [0.250, 0.250, 0.250], // sigma1 - space: [0.000, 0.000, 0.000], // sigma2 - stretch: [0.000, 0.000, 0.000], // sigma3 - shrink: [0.000, 0.000, 0.000], // sigma4 - xHeight: [0.431, 0.431, 0.431], // sigma5 - quad: [1.000, 1.171, 1.472], // sigma6 - extraSpace: [0.000, 0.000, 0.000], // sigma7 - num1: [0.677, 0.732, 0.925], // sigma8 - num2: [0.394, 0.384, 0.387], // sigma9 - num3: [0.444, 0.471, 0.504], // sigma10 - denom1: [0.686, 0.752, 1.025], // sigma11 - denom2: [0.345, 0.344, 0.532], // sigma12 - sup1: [0.413, 0.503, 0.504], // sigma13 - sup2: [0.363, 0.431, 0.404], // sigma14 - sup3: [0.289, 0.286, 0.294], // sigma15 - sub1: [0.150, 0.143, 0.200], // sigma16 - sub2: [0.247, 0.286, 0.400], // sigma17 - supDrop: [0.386, 0.353, 0.494], // sigma18 - subDrop: [0.050, 0.071, 0.100], // sigma19 - delim1: [2.390, 1.700, 1.980], // sigma20 - delim2: [1.010, 1.157, 1.420], // sigma21 - axisHeight: [0.250, 0.250, 0.250], // sigma22 - - // These font metrics are extracted from TeX by using tftopl on cmex10.tfm; - // they correspond to the font parameters of the extension fonts (family 3). - // See the TeXbook, page 441. In AMSTeX, the extension fonts scale; to - // match cmex7, we'd use cmex7.tfm values for script and scriptscript - // values. - defaultRuleThickness: [0.04, 0.049, 0.049], // xi8; cmex7: 0.049 - bigOpSpacing1: [0.111, 0.111, 0.111], // xi9 - bigOpSpacing2: [0.166, 0.166, 0.166], // xi10 - bigOpSpacing3: [0.2, 0.2, 0.2], // xi11 - bigOpSpacing4: [0.6, 0.611, 0.611], // xi12; cmex7: 0.611 - bigOpSpacing5: [0.1, 0.143, 0.143], // xi13; cmex7: 0.143 - - // The \sqrt rule width is taken from the height of the surd character. - // Since we use the same font at all sizes, this thickness doesn't scale. - sqrtRuleThickness: [0.04, 0.04, 0.04], - - // This value determines how large a pt is, for metrics which are defined - // in terms of pts. - // This value is also used in katex.less; if you change it make sure the - // values match. - ptPerEm: [10.0, 10.0, 10.0], - - // The space between adjacent `|` columns in an array definition. From - // `\showthe\doublerulesep` in LaTeX. Equals 2.0 / ptPerEm. - doubleRuleSep: [0.2, 0.2, 0.2] - }; - - // This map contains a mapping from font name and character code to character - // metrics, including height, depth, italic correction, and skew (kern from the - // character to the corresponding \skewchar) - // This map is generated via `make metrics`. It should not be changed manually. - - - // These are very rough approximations. We default to Times New Roman which - // should have Latin-1 and Cyrillic characters, but may not depending on the - // operating system. The metrics do not account for extra height from the - // accents. In the case of Cyrillic characters which have both ascenders and - // descenders we prefer approximations with ascenders, primarily to prevent - // the fraction bar or root line from intersecting the glyph. - // TODO(kevinb) allow union of multiple glyph metrics for better accuracy. - var extraCharacterMap = { - // Latin-1 - 'À': 'A', - 'Á': 'A', - 'Â': 'A', - 'Ã': 'A', - 'Ä': 'A', - 'Å': 'A', - 'Æ': 'A', - 'Ç': 'C', - 'È': 'E', - 'É': 'E', - 'Ê': 'E', - 'Ë': 'E', - 'Ì': 'I', - 'Í': 'I', - 'Î': 'I', - 'Ï': 'I', - 'Ð': 'D', - 'Ñ': 'N', - 'Ò': 'O', - 'Ó': 'O', - 'Ô': 'O', - 'Õ': 'O', - 'Ö': 'O', - 'Ø': 'O', - 'Ù': 'U', - 'Ú': 'U', - 'Û': 'U', - 'Ü': 'U', - 'Ý': 'Y', - 'Þ': 'o', - 'ß': 'B', - 'à': 'a', - 'á': 'a', - 'â': 'a', - 'ã': 'a', - 'ä': 'a', - 'å': 'a', - 'æ': 'a', - 'ç': 'c', - 'è': 'e', - 'é': 'e', - 'ê': 'e', - 'ë': 'e', - 'ì': 'i', - 'í': 'i', - 'î': 'i', - 'ï': 'i', - 'ð': 'd', - 'ñ': 'n', - 'ò': 'o', - 'ó': 'o', - 'ô': 'o', - 'õ': 'o', - 'ö': 'o', - 'ø': 'o', - 'ù': 'u', - 'ú': 'u', - 'û': 'u', - 'ü': 'u', - 'ý': 'y', - 'þ': 'o', - 'ÿ': 'y', - - // Cyrillic - 'А': 'A', - 'Б': 'B', - 'В': 'B', - 'Г': 'F', - 'Д': 'A', - 'Е': 'E', - 'Ж': 'K', - 'З': '3', - 'И': 'N', - 'Й': 'N', - 'К': 'K', - 'Л': 'N', - 'М': 'M', - 'Н': 'H', - 'О': 'O', - 'П': 'N', - 'Р': 'P', - 'С': 'C', - 'Т': 'T', - 'У': 'y', - 'Ф': 'O', - 'Х': 'X', - 'Ц': 'U', - 'Ч': 'h', - 'Ш': 'W', - 'Щ': 'W', - 'Ъ': 'B', - 'Ы': 'X', - 'Ь': 'B', - 'Э': '3', - 'Ю': 'X', - 'Я': 'R', - 'а': 'a', - 'б': 'b', - 'в': 'a', - 'г': 'r', - 'д': 'y', - 'е': 'e', - 'ж': 'm', - 'з': 'e', - 'и': 'n', - 'й': 'n', - 'к': 'n', - 'л': 'n', - 'м': 'm', - 'н': 'n', - 'о': 'o', - 'п': 'n', - 'р': 'p', - 'с': 'c', - 'т': 'o', - 'у': 'y', - 'ф': 'b', - 'х': 'x', - 'ц': 'n', - 'ч': 'n', - 'ш': 'w', - 'щ': 'w', - 'ъ': 'a', - 'ы': 'm', - 'ь': 'a', - 'э': 'e', - 'ю': 'm', - 'я': 'r' - }; - - /** - * This function is a convenience function for looking up information in the - * metricMap table. It takes a character as a string, and a style. - * - * Note: the `width` property may be undefined if fontMetricsData.js wasn't - * built using `Make extended_metrics`. - */ - var getCharacterMetrics = function getCharacterMetrics(character, style) { - var ch = character.charCodeAt(0); - if (character[0] in extraCharacterMap) { - ch = extraCharacterMap[character[0]].charCodeAt(0); - } else if (_unicodeRegexes.cjkRegex.test(character[0])) { - ch = 'M'.charCodeAt(0); - } - var metrics = _fontMetricsData2.default[style][ch]; - if (metrics) { - return { - depth: metrics[0], - height: metrics[1], - italic: metrics[2], - skew: metrics[3], - width: metrics[4] - }; - } - }; - - var fontMetricsBySizeIndex = {}; - - /** - * Get the font metrics for a given size. - */ - var getFontMetrics = function getFontMetrics(size) { - var sizeIndex = void 0; - if (size >= 5) { - sizeIndex = 0; - } else if (size >= 3) { - sizeIndex = 1; - } else { - sizeIndex = 2; - } - if (!fontMetricsBySizeIndex[sizeIndex]) { - var metrics = fontMetricsBySizeIndex[sizeIndex] = {}; - for (var key in sigmasAndXis) { - if (sigmasAndXis.hasOwnProperty(key)) { - metrics[key] = sigmasAndXis[key][sizeIndex]; - } - } - metrics.cssEmPerMu = metrics.quad / 18; - } - return fontMetricsBySizeIndex[sizeIndex]; - }; - - module.exports = { - getFontMetrics: getFontMetrics, - getCharacterMetrics: getCharacterMetrics - }; - - },{"./fontMetricsData":42,"./unicodeRegexes":49}],42:[function(require,module,exports){ - - module.exports = { - "AMS-Regular": { - "65": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "66": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "67": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "68": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "69": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "70": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "71": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "72": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "73": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "74": [0.16667, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "75": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "76": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "77": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "78": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "79": [0.16667, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "80": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "81": [0.16667, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "82": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "83": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "84": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "85": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "86": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "87": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "88": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "89": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "90": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "107": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "165": [0, 0.675, 0.025, 0], - "174": [0.15559, 0.69224, 0, 0], - "240": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "295": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "710": [0, 0.825, 0, 0], - "732": [0, 0.9, 0, 0], - "770": [0, 0.825, 0, 0], - "771": [0, 0.9, 0, 0], - "989": [0.08167, 0.58167, 0, 0], - "1008": [0, 0.43056, 0.04028, 0], - "8245": [0, 0.54986, 0, 0], - "8463": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8487": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8498": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8502": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8503": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8504": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8513": [0, 0.68889, 0, 0], - "8592": [-0.03598, 0.46402, 0, 0], - "8594": [-0.03598, 0.46402, 0, 0], - "8602": [-0.13313, 0.36687, 0, 0], - "8603": [-0.13313, 0.36687, 0, 0], - "8606": [0.01354, 0.52239, 0, 0], - 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- /* This file contains a list of functions that we parse, identified by - * the calls to defineFunction. - * - * The first argument to defineFunction is a single name or a list of names. - * All functions named in such a list will share a single implementation. - * - * Each declared function can have associated properties, which - * include the following: - * - * - numArgs: The number of arguments the function takes. - * If this is the only property, it can be passed as a number - * instead of an element of a properties object. - * - argTypes: (optional) An array corresponding to each argument of the - * function, giving the type of argument that should be parsed. Its - * length should be equal to `numArgs + numOptionalArgs`. Valid - * types: - * - "size": A size-like thing, such as "1em" or "5ex" - * - "color": An html color, like "#abc" or "blue" - * - "original": The same type as the environment that the - * function being parsed is in (e.g. used for the - * bodies of functions like \textcolor where the - * first argument is special and the second - * argument is parsed normally) - * Other possible types (probably shouldn't be used) - * - "text": Text-like (e.g. \text) - * - "math": Normal math - * If undefined, this will be treated as an appropriate length - * array of "original" strings - * - greediness: (optional) The greediness of the function to use ungrouped - * arguments. - * - * E.g. if you have an expression - * \sqrt \frac 1 2 - * since \frac has greediness=2 vs \sqrt's greediness=1, \frac - * will use the two arguments '1' and '2' as its two arguments, - * then that whole function will be used as the argument to - * \sqrt. On the other hand, the expressions - * \frac \frac 1 2 3 - * and - * \frac \sqrt 1 2 - * will fail because \frac and \frac have equal greediness - * and \sqrt has a lower greediness than \frac respectively. To - * make these parse, we would have to change them to: - * \frac {\frac 1 2} 3 - * and - * \frac {\sqrt 1} 2 - * - * The default value is `1` - * - allowedInText: (optional) Whether or not the function is allowed inside - * text mode (default false) - * - numOptionalArgs: (optional) The number of optional arguments the function - * should parse. If the optional arguments aren't found, - * `null` will be passed to the handler in their place. - * (default 0) - * - infix: (optional) Must be true if the function is an infix operator. - * - * The last argument is that implementation, the handler for the function(s). - * It is called to handle these functions and their arguments. - * It receives two arguments: - * - context contains information and references provided by the parser - * - args is an array of arguments obtained from TeX input - * The context contains the following properties: - * - funcName: the text (i.e. name) of the function, including \ - * - parser: the parser object - * - lexer: the lexer object - * - positions: the positions in the overall string of the function - * and the arguments. - * The latter three should only be used to produce error messages. - * - * The function should return an object with the following keys: - * - type: The type of element that this is. This is then used in - * buildHTML/buildMathML to determine which function - * should be called to build this node into a DOM node - * Any other data can be added to the object, which will be passed - * in to the function in buildHTML/buildMathML as `group.value`. - */ - - function defineFunction(names, props, handler) { - if (typeof names === "string") { - names = [names]; - } - if (typeof props === "number") { - props = { numArgs: props }; - } - // Set default values of functions - var data = { - numArgs: props.numArgs, - argTypes: props.argTypes, - greediness: props.greediness === undefined ? 1 : props.greediness, - allowedInText: !!props.allowedInText, - allowedInMath: props.allowedInMath, - numOptionalArgs: props.numOptionalArgs || 0, - infix: !!props.infix, - handler: handler - }; - for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) { - module.exports[names[i]] = data; - } - } - - // Since the corresponding buildHTML/buildMathML function expects a - // list of elements, we normalize for different kinds of arguments - var ordargument = function ordargument(arg) { - if (arg.type === "ordgroup") { - return arg.value; - } else { - return [arg]; - } - }; - - // A normal square root - defineFunction("\\sqrt", { - numArgs: 1, - numOptionalArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var index = args[0]; - var body = args[1]; - return { - type: "sqrt", - body: body, - index: index - }; - }); - - // Non-mathy text, possibly in a font - var textFunctionStyles = { - "\\text": undefined, "\\textrm": "mathrm", "\\textsf": "mathsf", - "\\texttt": "mathtt", "\\textnormal": "mathrm", "\\textbf": "mathbf", - "\\textit": "textit" - }; - - defineFunction(["\\text", "\\textrm", "\\textsf", "\\texttt", "\\textnormal", "\\textbf", "\\textit"], { - numArgs: 1, - argTypes: ["text"], - greediness: 2, - allowedInText: true - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "text", - body: ordargument(body), - style: textFunctionStyles[context.funcName] - }; - }); - - // A two-argument custom color - defineFunction("\\textcolor", { - numArgs: 2, - allowedInText: true, - greediness: 3, - argTypes: ["color", "original"] - }, function (context, args) { - var color = args[0]; - var body = args[1]; - return { - type: "color", - color: color.value, - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // \color is handled in Parser.js's parseImplicitGroup - defineFunction("\\color", { - numArgs: 1, - allowedInText: true, - greediness: 3, - argTypes: ["color"] - }, null); - - // An overline - defineFunction("\\overline", { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "overline", - body: body - }; - }); - - // An underline - defineFunction("\\underline", { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "underline", - body: body - }; - }); - - // A box of the width and height - defineFunction("\\rule", { - numArgs: 2, - numOptionalArgs: 1, - argTypes: ["size", "size", "size"] - }, function (context, args) { - var shift = args[0]; - var width = args[1]; - var height = args[2]; - return { - type: "rule", - shift: shift && shift.value, - width: width.value, - height: height.value - }; - }); - - // TODO: In TeX, \mkern only accepts mu-units, and \kern does not accept - // mu-units. In current KaTeX we relax this; both commands accept any unit. - defineFunction(["\\kern", "\\mkern"], { - numArgs: 1, - argTypes: ["size"] - }, function (context, args) { - return { - type: "kern", - dimension: args[0].value - }; - }); - - // A KaTeX logo - defineFunction("\\KaTeX", { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context) { - return { - type: "katex" - }; - }); - - defineFunction("\\phantom", { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "phantom", - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // Math class commands except \mathop - defineFunction(["\\mathord", "\\mathbin", "\\mathrel", "\\mathopen", "\\mathclose", "\\mathpunct", "\\mathinner"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "mclass", - mclass: "m" + context.funcName.substr(5), - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // Build a relation by placing one symbol on top of another - defineFunction("\\stackrel", { - numArgs: 2 - }, function (context, args) { - var top = args[0]; - var bottom = args[1]; - - var bottomop = new _ParseNode2.default("op", { - type: "op", - limits: true, - alwaysHandleSupSub: true, - symbol: false, - value: ordargument(bottom) - }, bottom.mode); - - var supsub = new _ParseNode2.default("supsub", { - base: bottomop, - sup: top, - sub: null - }, top.mode); - - return { - type: "mclass", - mclass: "mrel", - value: [supsub] - }; - }); - - // \mod-type functions - defineFunction("\\bmod", { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context, args) { - return { - type: "mod", - modType: "bmod", - value: null - }; - }); - - defineFunction(["\\pod", "\\pmod", "\\mod"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "mod", - modType: context.funcName.substr(1), - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // Extra data needed for the delimiter handler down below - var delimiterSizes = { - "\\bigl": { mclass: "mopen", size: 1 }, - "\\Bigl": { mclass: "mopen", size: 2 }, - "\\biggl": { mclass: "mopen", size: 3 }, - "\\Biggl": { mclass: "mopen", size: 4 }, - "\\bigr": { mclass: "mclose", size: 1 }, - "\\Bigr": { mclass: "mclose", size: 2 }, - "\\biggr": { mclass: "mclose", size: 3 }, - "\\Biggr": { mclass: "mclose", size: 4 }, - "\\bigm": { mclass: "mrel", size: 1 }, - "\\Bigm": { mclass: "mrel", size: 2 }, - "\\biggm": { mclass: "mrel", size: 3 }, - "\\Biggm": { mclass: "mrel", size: 4 }, - "\\big": { mclass: "mord", size: 1 }, - "\\Big": { mclass: "mord", size: 2 }, - "\\bigg": { mclass: "mord", size: 3 }, - "\\Bigg": { mclass: "mord", size: 4 } - }; - - var delimiters = ["(", ")", "[", "\\lbrack", "]", "\\rbrack", "\\{", "\\lbrace", "\\}", "\\rbrace", "\\lfloor", "\\rfloor", "\\lceil", "\\rceil", "<", ">", "\\langle", "\\rangle", "\\lt", "\\gt", "\\lvert", "\\rvert", "\\lVert", "\\rVert", "\\lgroup", "\\rgroup", "\\lmoustache", "\\rmoustache", "/", "\\backslash", "|", "\\vert", "\\|", "\\Vert", "\\uparrow", "\\Uparrow", "\\downarrow", "\\Downarrow", "\\updownarrow", "\\Updownarrow", "."]; - - var fontAliases = { - "\\Bbb": "\\mathbb", - "\\bold": "\\mathbf", - "\\frak": "\\mathfrak" - }; - - // Single-argument color functions - defineFunction(["\\blue", "\\orange", "\\pink", "\\red", "\\green", "\\gray", "\\purple", "\\blueA", "\\blueB", "\\blueC", "\\blueD", "\\blueE", "\\tealA", "\\tealB", "\\tealC", "\\tealD", "\\tealE", "\\greenA", "\\greenB", "\\greenC", "\\greenD", "\\greenE", "\\goldA", "\\goldB", "\\goldC", "\\goldD", "\\goldE", "\\redA", "\\redB", "\\redC", "\\redD", "\\redE", "\\maroonA", "\\maroonB", "\\maroonC", "\\maroonD", "\\maroonE", "\\purpleA", "\\purpleB", "\\purpleC", "\\purpleD", "\\purpleE", "\\mintA", "\\mintB", "\\mintC", "\\grayA", "\\grayB", "\\grayC", "\\grayD", "\\grayE", "\\grayF", "\\grayG", "\\grayH", "\\grayI", "\\kaBlue", "\\kaGreen"], { - numArgs: 1, - allowedInText: true, - greediness: 3 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "color", - color: "katex-" + context.funcName.slice(1), - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // There are 2 flags for operators; whether they produce limits in - // displaystyle, and whether they are symbols and should grow in - // displaystyle. These four groups cover the four possible choices. - - // No limits, not symbols - defineFunction(["\\arcsin", "\\arccos", "\\arctan", "\\arctg", "\\arcctg", "\\arg", "\\ch", "\\cos", "\\cosec", "\\cosh", "\\cot", "\\cotg", "\\coth", "\\csc", "\\ctg", "\\cth", "\\deg", "\\dim", "\\exp", "\\hom", "\\ker", "\\lg", "\\ln", "\\log", "\\sec", "\\sin", "\\sinh", "\\sh", "\\tan", "\\tanh", "\\tg", "\\th"], { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context) { - return { - type: "op", - limits: false, - symbol: false, - body: context.funcName - }; - }); - - // Limits, not symbols - defineFunction(["\\det", "\\gcd", "\\inf", "\\lim", "\\liminf", "\\limsup", "\\max", "\\min", "\\Pr", "\\sup"], { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context) { - return { - type: "op", - limits: true, - symbol: false, - body: context.funcName - }; - }); - - // No limits, symbols - defineFunction(["\\int", "\\iint", "\\iiint", "\\oint"], { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context) { - return { - type: "op", - limits: false, - symbol: true, - body: context.funcName - }; - }); - - // Limits, symbols - defineFunction(["\\coprod", "\\bigvee", "\\bigwedge", "\\biguplus", "\\bigcap", "\\bigcup", "\\intop", "\\prod", "\\sum", "\\bigotimes", "\\bigoplus", "\\bigodot", "\\bigsqcup", "\\smallint"], { - numArgs: 0 - }, function (context) { - return { - type: "op", - limits: true, - symbol: true, - body: context.funcName - }; - }); - - // \mathop class command - defineFunction("\\mathop", { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "op", - limits: false, - symbol: false, - value: ordargument(body) - }; - }); - - // Fractions - defineFunction(["\\dfrac", "\\frac", "\\tfrac", "\\dbinom", "\\binom", "\\tbinom", "\\\\atopfrac"], { - numArgs: 2, - greediness: 2 - }, function (context, args) { - var numer = args[0]; - var denom = args[1]; - var hasBarLine = void 0; - var leftDelim = null; - var rightDelim = null; - var size = "auto"; - - switch (context.funcName) { - case "\\dfrac": - case "\\frac": - case "\\tfrac": - hasBarLine = true; - break; - case "\\\\atopfrac": - hasBarLine = false; - break; - case "\\dbinom": - case "\\binom": - case "\\tbinom": - hasBarLine = false; - leftDelim = "("; - rightDelim = ")"; - break; - default: - throw new Error("Unrecognized genfrac command"); - } - - switch (context.funcName) { - case "\\dfrac": - case "\\dbinom": - size = "display"; - break; - case "\\tfrac": - case "\\tbinom": - size = "text"; - break; - } - - return { - type: "genfrac", - numer: numer, - denom: denom, - hasBarLine: hasBarLine, - leftDelim: leftDelim, - rightDelim: rightDelim, - size: size - }; - }); - - // Left and right overlap functions - defineFunction(["\\llap", "\\rlap"], { - numArgs: 1, - allowedInText: true - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: context.funcName.slice(1), - body: body - }; - }); - - // Delimiter functions - var checkDelimiter = function checkDelimiter(delim, context) { - if (_utils2.default.contains(delimiters, delim.value)) { - return delim; - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid delimiter: '" + delim.value + "' after '" + context.funcName + "'", delim); - } - }; - - defineFunction(["\\bigl", "\\Bigl", "\\biggl", "\\Biggl", "\\bigr", "\\Bigr", "\\biggr", "\\Biggr", "\\bigm", "\\Bigm", "\\biggm", "\\Biggm", "\\big", "\\Big", "\\bigg", "\\Bigg"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var delim = checkDelimiter(args[0], context); - - return { - type: "delimsizing", - size: delimiterSizes[context.funcName].size, - mclass: delimiterSizes[context.funcName].mclass, - value: delim.value - }; - }); - - defineFunction(["\\left", "\\right"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var delim = checkDelimiter(args[0], context); - - // \left and \right are caught somewhere in Parser.js, which is - // why this data doesn't match what is in buildHTML. - return { - type: "leftright", - value: delim.value - }; - }); - - defineFunction("\\middle", { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var delim = checkDelimiter(args[0], context); - if (!context.parser.leftrightDepth) { - throw new _ParseError2.default("\\middle without preceding \\left", delim); - } - - return { - type: "middle", - value: delim.value - }; - }); - - // Sizing functions (handled in Parser.js explicitly, hence no handler) - defineFunction(["\\tiny", "\\scriptsize", "\\footnotesize", "\\small", "\\normalsize", "\\large", "\\Large", "\\LARGE", "\\huge", "\\Huge"], 0, null); - - // Style changing functions (handled in Parser.js explicitly, hence no - // handler) - defineFunction(["\\displaystyle", "\\textstyle", "\\scriptstyle", "\\scriptscriptstyle"], 0, null); - - // Old font changing functions - defineFunction(["\\rm", "\\sf", "\\tt", "\\bf", "\\it"], 0, null); - - defineFunction([ - // styles - "\\mathrm", "\\mathit", "\\mathbf", - - // families - "\\mathbb", "\\mathcal", "\\mathfrak", "\\mathscr", "\\mathsf", "\\mathtt", - - // aliases - "\\Bbb", "\\bold", "\\frak"], { - numArgs: 1, - greediness: 2 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - var func = context.funcName; - if (func in fontAliases) { - func = fontAliases[func]; - } - return { - type: "font", - font: func.slice(1), - body: body - }; - }); - - // Accents - defineFunction(["\\acute", "\\grave", "\\ddot", "\\tilde", "\\bar", "\\breve", "\\check", "\\hat", "\\vec", "\\dot", "\\widehat", "\\widetilde", "\\overrightarrow", "\\overleftarrow", "\\Overrightarrow", "\\overleftrightarrow", "\\overgroup", "\\overlinesegment", "\\overleftharpoon", "\\overrightharpoon"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var base = args[0]; - - var isStretchy = !_utils2.default.contains(["\\acute", "\\grave", "\\ddot", "\\tilde", "\\bar", "\\breve", "\\check", "\\hat", "\\vec", "\\dot"], context.funcName); - - var isShifty = !isStretchy || _utils2.default.contains(["\\widehat", "\\widetilde"], context.funcName); - - return { - type: "accent", - label: context.funcName, - isStretchy: isStretchy, - isShifty: isShifty, - value: ordargument(base), - base: base - }; - }); - - // Text-mode accents - defineFunction(["\\'", "\\`", "\\^", "\\~", "\\=", "\\u", "\\.", '\\"', "\\r", "\\H", "\\v"], { - numArgs: 1, - allowedInText: true, - allowedInMath: false - }, function (context, args) { - var base = args[0]; - - return { - type: "accent", - label: context.funcName, - isStretchy: false, - isShifty: true, - value: ordargument(base), - base: base - }; - }); - - // Horizontal stretchy braces - defineFunction(["\\overbrace", "\\underbrace"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var base = args[0]; - return { - type: "horizBrace", - label: context.funcName, - isOver: /^\\over/.test(context.funcName), - base: base - }; - }); - - // Stretchy accents under the body - defineFunction(["\\underleftarrow", "\\underrightarrow", "\\underleftrightarrow", "\\undergroup", "\\underlinesegment", "\\undertilde"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "accentUnder", - label: context.funcName, - value: ordargument(body), - body: body - }; - }); - - // Stretchy arrows with an optional argument - defineFunction(["\\xleftarrow", "\\xrightarrow", "\\xLeftarrow", "\\xRightarrow", "\\xleftrightarrow", "\\xLeftrightarrow", "\\xhookleftarrow", "\\xhookrightarrow", "\\xmapsto", "\\xrightharpoondown", "\\xrightharpoonup", "\\xleftharpoondown", "\\xleftharpoonup", "\\xrightleftharpoons", "\\xleftrightharpoons", "\\xLongequal", "\\xtwoheadrightarrow", "\\xtwoheadleftarrow", "\\xLongequal", "\\xtofrom"], { - numArgs: 1, - numOptionalArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var below = args[0]; - var body = args[1]; - return { - type: "xArrow", // x for extensible - label: context.funcName, - body: body, - below: below - }; - }); - - // enclose - defineFunction(["\\cancel", "\\bcancel", "\\xcancel", "\\sout", "\\fbox"], { - numArgs: 1 - }, function (context, args) { - var body = args[0]; - return { - type: "enclose", - label: context.funcName, - body: body - }; - }); - - // Infix generalized fractions - defineFunction(["\\over", "\\choose", "\\atop"], { - numArgs: 0, - infix: true - }, function (context) { - var replaceWith = void 0; - switch (context.funcName) { - case "\\over": - replaceWith = "\\frac"; - break; - case "\\choose": - replaceWith = "\\binom"; - break; - case "\\atop": - replaceWith = "\\\\atopfrac"; - break; - default: - throw new Error("Unrecognized infix genfrac command"); - } - return { - type: "infix", - replaceWith: replaceWith, - token: context.token - }; - }); - - // Row breaks for aligned data - defineFunction(["\\\\", "\\cr"], { - numArgs: 0, - numOptionalArgs: 1, - argTypes: ["size"] - }, function (context, args) { - var size = args[0]; - return { - type: "cr", - size: size - }; - }); - - // Environment delimiters - defineFunction(["\\begin", "\\end"], { - numArgs: 1, - argTypes: ["text"] - }, function (context, args) { - var nameGroup = args[0]; - if (nameGroup.type !== "ordgroup") { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid environment name", nameGroup); - } - var name = ""; - for (var i = 0; i < nameGroup.value.length; ++i) { - name += nameGroup.value[i].value; - } - return { - type: "environment", - name: name, - nameGroup: nameGroup - }; - }); - - },{"./ParseError":29,"./ParseNode":30,"./utils":51}],44:[function(require,module,exports){ - - /** - * Predefined macros for KaTeX. - * This can be used to define some commands in terms of others. - */ - - // This function might one day accept additional argument and do more things. - function defineMacro(name, body) { - module.exports[name] = body; - } - - ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - // basics - defineMacro("\\bgroup", "{"); - defineMacro("\\egroup", "}"); - defineMacro("\\begingroup", "{"); - defineMacro("\\endgroup", "}"); - - // We don't distinguish between math and nonmath kerns. - // (In TeX, the mu unit works only with \mkern.) - defineMacro("\\mkern", "\\kern"); - - ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - // amsmath.sty - - // \def\overset#1#2{\binrel@{#2}\binrel@@{\mathop{\kern\z@#2}\limits^{#1}}} - defineMacro("\\overset", "\\mathop{#2}\\limits^{#1}"); - defineMacro("\\underset", "\\mathop{#2}\\limits_{#1}"); - - // \newcommand{\boxed}[1]{\fbox{\m@th$\displaystyle#1$}} - defineMacro("\\boxed", "\\fbox{\\displaystyle{#1}}"); - - //TODO: When implementing \dots, should ideally add the \DOTSB indicator - // into the macro, to indicate these are binary operators. - // \def\iff{\DOTSB\;\Longleftrightarrow\;} - // \def\implies{\DOTSB\;\Longrightarrow\;} - // \def\impliedby{\DOTSB\;\Longleftarrow\;} - defineMacro("\\iff", "\\;\\Longleftrightarrow\\;"); - defineMacro("\\implies", "\\;\\Longrightarrow\\;"); - defineMacro("\\impliedby", "\\;\\Longleftarrow\\;"); - - ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - // mathtools.sty - - //\providecommand\ordinarycolon{:} - defineMacro("\\ordinarycolon", ":"); - //\def\vcentcolon{\mathrel{\mathop\ordinarycolon}} - //TODO(edemaine): Not yet centered. Fix via \raisebox or #726 - defineMacro("\\vcentcolon", "\\mathrel{\\mathop\\ordinarycolon}"); - // \providecommand*\dblcolon{\vcentcolon\mathrel{\mkern-.9mu}\vcentcolon} - defineMacro("\\dblcolon", "\\vcentcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-.9mu}\\vcentcolon"); - // \providecommand*\coloneqq{\vcentcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}=} - defineMacro("\\coloneqq", "\\vcentcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}="); - // \providecommand*\Coloneqq{\dblcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}=} - defineMacro("\\Coloneqq", "\\dblcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}="); - // \providecommand*\coloneq{\vcentcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\mathrel{-}} - defineMacro("\\coloneq", "\\vcentcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\mathrel{-}"); - // \providecommand*\Coloneq{\dblcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\mathrel{-}} - defineMacro("\\Coloneq", "\\dblcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\mathrel{-}"); - // \providecommand*\eqqcolon{=\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\vcentcolon} - defineMacro("\\eqqcolon", "=\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\vcentcolon"); - // \providecommand*\Eqqcolon{=\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\dblcolon} - defineMacro("\\Eqqcolon", "=\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\dblcolon"); - // \providecommand*\eqcolon{\mathrel{-}\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\vcentcolon} - defineMacro("\\eqcolon", "\\mathrel{-}\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\vcentcolon"); - // \providecommand*\Eqcolon{\mathrel{-}\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\dblcolon} - defineMacro("\\Eqcolon", "\\mathrel{-}\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\dblcolon"); - // \providecommand*\colonapprox{\vcentcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\approx} - defineMacro("\\colonapprox", "\\vcentcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\approx"); - // \providecommand*\Colonapprox{\dblcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\approx} - defineMacro("\\Colonapprox", "\\dblcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\approx"); - // \providecommand*\colonsim{\vcentcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\sim} - defineMacro("\\colonsim", "\\vcentcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\sim"); - // \providecommand*\Colonsim{\dblcolon\mathrel{\mkern-1.2mu}\sim} - defineMacro("\\Colonsim", "\\dblcolon\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\sim"); - - ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - // colonequals.sty - - // Alternate names for mathtools's macros: - defineMacro("\\ratio", "\\vcentcolon"); - defineMacro("\\coloncolon", "\\dblcolon"); - defineMacro("\\colonequals", "\\coloneqq"); - defineMacro("\\coloncolonequals", "\\Coloneqq"); - defineMacro("\\equalscolon", "\\eqqcolon"); - defineMacro("\\equalscoloncolon", "\\Eqqcolon"); - defineMacro("\\colonminus", "\\coloneq"); - defineMacro("\\coloncolonminus", "\\Coloneq"); - defineMacro("\\minuscolon", "\\eqcolon"); - defineMacro("\\minuscoloncolon", "\\Eqcolon"); - // \colonapprox name is same in mathtools and colonequals. - defineMacro("\\coloncolonapprox", "\\Colonapprox"); - // \colonsim name is same in mathtools and colonequals. - defineMacro("\\coloncolonsim", "\\Colonsim"); - - // Additional macros, implemented by analogy with mathtools definitions: - defineMacro("\\simcolon", "\\sim\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\vcentcolon"); - defineMacro("\\simcoloncolon", "\\sim\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\dblcolon"); - defineMacro("\\approxcolon", "\\approx\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\vcentcolon"); - defineMacro("\\approxcoloncolon", "\\approx\\mathrel{\\mkern-1.2mu}\\dblcolon"); - - },{}],45:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _classCallCheck2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck"); - - var _classCallCheck3 = _interopRequireDefault(_classCallCheck2); - - var _createClass2 = require("babel-runtime/helpers/createClass"); - - var _createClass3 = _interopRequireDefault(_createClass2); - - var _utils = require("./utils"); - - var _utils2 = _interopRequireDefault(_utils); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * This node represents a general purpose MathML node of any type. The - * constructor requires the type of node to create (for example, `"mo"` or - * `"mspace"`, corresponding to `` and `` tags). - */ - var MathNode = function () { - function MathNode(type, children) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, MathNode); - - this.type = type; - this.attributes = {}; - this.children = children || []; - } - - /** - * Sets an attribute on a MathML node. MathML depends on attributes to convey a - * semantic content, so this is used heavily. - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(MathNode, [{ - key: "setAttribute", - value: function setAttribute(name, value) { - this.attributes[name] = value; - } - - /** - * Converts the math node into a MathML-namespaced DOM element. - */ - - }, { - key: "toNode", - value: function toNode() { - var node = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", this.type); - - for (var attr in this.attributes) { - if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.attributes, attr)) { - node.setAttribute(attr, this.attributes[attr]); - } - } - - for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) { - node.appendChild(this.children[i].toNode()); - } - - return node; - } - - /** - * Converts the math node into an HTML markup string. - */ - - }, { - key: "toMarkup", - value: function toMarkup() { - var markup = "<" + this.type; - - // Add the attributes - for (var attr in this.attributes) { - if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.attributes, attr)) { - markup += " " + attr + "=\""; - markup += _utils2.default.escape(this.attributes[attr]); - markup += "\""; - } - } - - markup += ">"; - - for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) { - markup += this.children[i].toMarkup(); - } - - markup += ""; - - return markup; - } - }]); - return MathNode; - }(); - - /** - * This node represents a piece of text. - */ - /** - * These objects store data about MathML nodes. This is the MathML equivalent - * of the types in domTree.js. Since MathML handles its own rendering, and - * since we're mainly using MathML to improve accessibility, we don't manage - * any of the styling state that the plain DOM nodes do. - * - * The `toNode` and `toMarkup` functions work simlarly to how they do in - * domTree.js, creating namespaced DOM nodes and HTML text markup respectively. - */ - - var TextNode = function () { - function TextNode(text) { - (0, _classCallCheck3.default)(this, TextNode); - - this.text = text; - } - - /** - * Converts the text node into a DOM text node. - */ - - - (0, _createClass3.default)(TextNode, [{ - key: "toNode", - value: function toNode() { - return document.createTextNode(this.text); - } - - /** - * Converts the text node into HTML markup (which is just the text itself). - */ - - }, { - key: "toMarkup", - value: function toMarkup() { - return _utils2.default.escape(this.text); - } - }]); - return TextNode; - }(); - - module.exports = { - MathNode: MathNode, - TextNode: TextNode - }; - - },{"./utils":51,"babel-runtime/helpers/classCallCheck":4,"babel-runtime/helpers/createClass":5}],46:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _Parser = require('./Parser'); - - var _Parser2 = _interopRequireDefault(_Parser); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - /** - * Parses an expression using a Parser, then returns the parsed result. - */ - var parseTree = function parseTree(toParse, settings) { - if (!(typeof toParse === 'string' || toParse instanceof String)) { - throw new TypeError('KaTeX can only parse string typed expression'); - } - var parser = new _Parser2.default(toParse, settings); - - return parser.parse(); - }; /** - * Provides a single function for parsing an expression using a Parser - * TODO(emily): Remove this - */ - - module.exports = parseTree; - - },{"./Parser":31}],47:[function(require,module,exports){ - - /** - * This file provides support to buildMathML.js and buildHTML.js - * for stretchy wide elements rendered from SVG files - * and other CSS trickery. - */ - - var buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); - var mathMLTree = require("./mathMLTree"); - var utils = require("./utils"); - - var stretchyCodePoint = { - widehat: "^", - widetilde: "~", - undertilde: "~", - overleftarrow: "\u2190", - underleftarrow: "\u2190", - xleftarrow: "\u2190", - overrightarrow: "\u2192", - underrightarrow: "\u2192", - xrightarrow: "\u2192", - underbrace: "\u23B5", - overbrace: "\u23DE", - overleftrightarrow: "\u2194", - underleftrightarrow: "\u2194", - xleftrightarrow: "\u2194", - Overrightarrow: "\u21D2", - xRightarrow: "\u21D2", - overleftharpoon: "\u21BC", - xleftharpoonup: "\u21BC", - overrightharpoon: "\u21C0", - xrightharpoonup: "\u21C0", - xLeftarrow: "\u21D0", - xLeftrightarrow: "\u21D4", - xhookleftarrow: "\u21A9", - xhookrightarrow: "\u21AA", - xmapsto: "\u21A6", - xrightharpoondown: "\u21C1", - xleftharpoondown: "\u21BD", - xrightleftharpoons: "\u21CC", - xleftrightharpoons: "\u21CB", - xtwoheadleftarrow: "\u219E", - xtwoheadrightarrow: "\u21A0", - xLongequal: "=", - xtofrom: "\u21C4" - }; - - var mathMLnode = function mathMLnode(label) { - var node = new mathMLTree.MathNode("mo", [new mathMLTree.TextNode(stretchyCodePoint[label.substr(1)])]); - node.setAttribute("stretchy", "true"); - return node; - }; - - // In the katexImagesData object just below, the dimensions all - // correspond to path geometry inside the relevant SVG. - // For example, \rightarrow uses the same arrowhead as glyph U+2192 - // from the KaTeX Main font. The scaling factor is 1000. - // That is, inside the font, that arrowhead is 522 units tall, which - // corresponds to 0.522 em inside the document. - // And for extensible arrows, we split that distance around the math axis. - - var katexImagesData = { - // height, depth, imageName, minWidth - overleftarrow: [0.522, 0, "leftarrow", 0.5], - underleftarrow: [0.522, 0, "leftarrow", 0.5], - xleftarrow: [0.261, 0.261, "leftarrow", 0.783], - overrightarrow: [0.522, 0, "rightarrow", 0.5], - underrightarrow: [0.522, 0, "rightarrow", 0.5], - xrightarrow: [0.261, 0.261, "rightarrow", 0.783], - overbrace: [0.548, 0, "overbrace", 1.6], - underbrace: [0.548, 0, "underbrace", 1.6], - overleftrightarrow: [0.522, 0, "leftrightarrow", 0.5], - underleftrightarrow: [0.522, 0, "leftrightarrow", 0.5], - xleftrightarrow: [0.261, 0.261, "leftrightarrow", 0.783], - Overrightarrow: [0.56, 0, "doublerightarrow", 0.5], - xLeftarrow: [0.28, 0.28, "doubleleftarrow", 0.783], - xRightarrow: [0.28, 0.28, "doublerightarrow", 0.783], - xLeftrightarrow: [0.28, 0.28, "doubleleftrightarrow", 0.955], - overleftharpoon: [0.522, 0, "leftharpoon", 0.5], - overrightharpoon: [0.522, 0, "rightharpoon", 0.5], - xleftharpoonup: [0.261, 0.261, "leftharpoon", 0.783], - xrightharpoonup: [0.261, 0.261, "rightharpoon", 0.783], - xhookleftarrow: [0.261, 0.261, "hookleftarrow", 0.87], - xhookrightarrow: [0.261, 0.261, "hookrightarrow", 0.87], - overlinesegment: [0.414, 0, "linesegment", 0.5], - underlinesegment: [0.414, 0, "linesegment", 0.5], - xmapsto: [0.261, 0.261, "mapsto", 0.783], - xrightharpoondown: [0.261, 0.261, "rightharpoondown", 0.783], - xleftharpoondown: [0.261, 0.261, "leftharpoondown", 0.783], - xrightleftharpoons: [0.358, 0.358, "rightleftharpoons", 0.716], - xleftrightharpoons: [0.358, 0.358, "leftrightharpoons", 0.716], - overgroup: [0.342, 0, "overgroup", 0.87], - undergroup: [0.342, 0, "undergroup", 0.87], - xtwoheadleftarrow: [0.167, 0.167, "twoheadleftarrow", 0.86], - xtwoheadrightarrow: [0.167, 0.167, "twoheadrightarrow", 0.86], - xLongequal: [0.167, 0.167, "longequal", 0.5], - xtofrom: [0.264, 0.264, "tofrom", 0.86] - }; - - // Many of the KaTeX SVG images have been adapted from glyphs in KaTeX fonts. - // Copyright (c) 2009-2010, Design Science, Inc. () - // Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Khan Academy () - // Licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1. - // See \nhttp://scripts.sil.org/OFL - - // Nested SVGs - // Many of the KaTeX SVG images contain a nested SVG. This is done to - // achieve a stretchy image while avoiding distortion of arrowheads or - // brace corners. - - // The inner SVG typically contains a very long (400 em) arrow. - - // The outer SVG acts like a window that exposes only part of the inner SVG. - // The outer SVG will grow or shrink to match the dimensions set by CSS. - - // The inner SVG always has a longer, thinner aspect ratio than the outer - // SVG. After the inner SVG fills 100% of the height of the outer SVG, - // there is a long arrow shaft left over. That left-over shaft is not shown. - // Instead, it is sliced off because the inner SVG is set to - // "preserveAspectRatio='... slice'". - - // Thus, the reader sees an arrow that matches the subject matter width - // without distortion. - - // Some functions, such as \cancel, need to vary their aspect ratio. These - // functions do not get the nested SVG treatment. - - // Second Brush Stroke - // Low resolution monitors struggle to display images in fine detail. - // So browsers apply anti-aliasing. A long straight arrow shaft therefore - // will sometimes appear as if it has a blurred edge. - - // To mitigate this, these SVG files contain a second "brush-stroke" on the - // arrow shafts. That is, a second long thin rectangular SVG path has been - // written directly on top of each arrow shaft. This reinforcement causes - // some of the screen pixels to display as black instead of the anti-aliased - // gray pixel that a single path would generate. So we get arrow shafts - // whose edges appear to be sharper. - - var svgPath = { - doubleleftarrow: "", - - doublerightarrow: "", - - leftarrow: "", - - rightarrow: "" - }; - - var innerSVG = { - // Since bcancel's SVG is inline and it omits the viewBox attribute, - // it's stroke-width will not vary with span area. - bcancel: "", - - cancel: "", - - // The doubleleftarrow geometry is from glyph U+21D0 in the font KaTeX Main - doubleleftarrow: ">" + svgPath["doubleleftarrow"] + "", - - // doubleleftrightarrow is from glyph U+21D4 in font KaTeX Main - doubleleftrightarrow: ">" + svgPath["doubleleftarrow"] + "\n" + svgPath["doublerightarrow"] + "", - - // doublerightarrow is from glyph U+21D2 in font KaTeX Main - doublerightarrow: ">" + svgPath["doublerightarrow"] + "", - - // hookleftarrow is from glyph U+21A9 in font KaTeX Main - hookleftarrow: ">" + svgPath["leftarrow"] + "\n", - - // hookrightarrow is from glyph U+21AA in font KaTeX Main - hookrightarrow: ">" + svgPath["rightarrow"] + "", - - // leftarrow is from glyph U+2190 in font KaTeX Main - leftarrow: ">" + svgPath["leftarrow"] + "", - - // leftharpoon is from glyph U+21BD in font KaTeX Main - leftharpoon: ">", - - // leftharpoondown is from glyph U+21BD in font KaTeX Main - leftharpoondown: ">", - - // leftrightarrow is from glyph U+2194 in font KaTeX Main - leftrightarrow: ">" + svgPath["leftarrow"] + "\n" + svgPath["rightarrow"] + "", - - // leftrightharpoons is from glyphs U+21BC/21B1 in font KaTeX Main - leftrightharpoons: ">\n", - - linesegment: ">\n", - - longequal: " viewBox='0 0 100 334' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - // mapsto is from glyph U+21A6 in font KaTeX Main - mapsto: ">" + svgPath["rightarrow"] + "", - - // overbrace is from glyphs U+23A9/23A8/23A7 in font KaTeX_Size4-Regular - overbrace: ">\n", - - // overgroup is from the MnSymbol package (public domain) - overgroup: ">", - - // rightarrow is from glyph U+2192 in font KaTeX Main - rightarrow: ">" + svgPath["rightarrow"] + "", - - // rightharpoon is from glyph U+21C0 in font KaTeX Main - rightharpoon: ">", - - // rightharpoondown is from glyph U+21C1 in font KaTeX Main - rightharpoondown: ">", - - // rightleftharpoons is from glyph U+21CC in font KaTeX Main - rightleftharpoons: ">", - - // tilde1 is a modified version of a glyph from the MnSymbol package - tilde1: " viewBox='0 0 600 260' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - // Ditto tilde2, tilde3, and tilde 4 - tilde2: " viewBox='0 0 1033 286' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - tilde3: " viewBox='0 0 2339 306' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - tilde4: " viewBox='0 0 2340 312' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - // tofrom is from glyph U+21C4 in font KaTeX AMS Regular - tofrom: ">", - - // twoheadleftarrow is from glyph U+219E in font KaTeX AMS Regular - twoheadleftarrow: ">\n", - - // twoheadrightarrow is from glyph U+21A0 in font KaTeX AMS Regular - twoheadrightarrow: ">\n", - - // underbrace is from glyphs U+23A9/23A8/23A7 in font KaTeX_Size4-Regular - underbrace: ">\n", - - // undergroup is from the MnSymbol package (public domain) - undergroup: ">", - - // widehat1 is a modified version of a glyph from the MnSymbol package - widehat1: " viewBox='0 0 1062 239' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - // Ditto widehat2, widehat3, and widehat4 - widehat2: " viewBox='0 0 2364 300' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - widehat3: " viewBox='0 0 2364 360' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - widehat4: " viewBox='0 0 2364 420' preserveAspectRatio='none'>\n", - - xcancel: "\n" - }; - - var svgSpan = function svgSpan(group, options) { - // Create a span with inline SVG for the element. - var label = group.value.label.substr(1); - var height = 0; - var depth = 0; - var imageName = ""; - var minWidth = 0; - - if (utils.contains(["widehat", "widetilde", "undertilde"], label)) { - // There are four SVG images available for each function. - // Choose a taller image when there are more characters. - var numChars = group.value.value.length; - if (numChars > 5) { - height = 0.312; - imageName = (label === "widehat" ? "widehat" : "tilde") + "4"; - } else { - var imgIndex = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3][numChars]; - if (label === "widehat") { - height = [0, 0.24, 0.30, 0.30, 0.36, 0.36][numChars]; - imageName = "widehat" + imgIndex; - } else { - height = [0, 0.26, 0.30, 0.30, 0.34, 0.34][numChars]; - imageName = "tilde" + imgIndex; - } - } - } else { - var imgData = katexImagesData[label]; - height = imgData[0]; - depth = imgData[1]; - imageName = imgData[2]; - minWidth = imgData[3]; - } - - var span = buildCommon.makeSpan([], [], options); - span.height = height; - span.depth = depth; - var totalHeight = height + depth; - span.style.height = totalHeight + "em"; - if (minWidth > 0) { - span.style.minWidth = minWidth + "em"; - } - - span.innerHTML = ""; - - return span; - }; - - var encloseSpan = function encloseSpan(inner, label, pad, options) { - // Return an image span for \cancel, \bcancel, \xcancel, or \fbox - var img = void 0; - var totalHeight = inner.height + inner.depth + 2 * pad; - - if (label === "fbox") { - img = buildCommon.makeSpan(["stretchy", label], [], options); - if (options.color) { - img.style.borderColor = options.getColor(); - } - } else { - img = buildCommon.makeSpan([], [], options); - img.innerHTML = "" + innerSVG[label] + ""; - } - - img.height = totalHeight; - img.style.height = totalHeight + "em"; - - return img; - }; - - module.exports = { - encloseSpan: encloseSpan, - mathMLnode: mathMLnode, - svgSpan: svgSpan - }; - - },{"./buildCommon":34,"./mathMLTree":45,"./utils":51}],48:[function(require,module,exports){ - - /** - * This file holds a list of all no-argument functions and single-character - * symbols (like 'a' or ';'). - * - * For each of the symbols, there are three properties they can have: - * - font (required): the font to be used for this symbol. Either "main" (the - normal font), or "ams" (the ams fonts). - * - group (required): the ParseNode group type the symbol should have (i.e. - "textord", "mathord", etc). - See https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX/wiki/Examining-TeX#group-types - * - replace: the character that this symbol or function should be - * replaced with (i.e. "\phi" has a replace value of "\u03d5", the phi - * character in the main font). - * - * The outermost map in the table indicates what mode the symbols should be - * accepted in (e.g. "math" or "text"). - */ - - module.exports = { - math: {}, - text: {} - }; - - function defineSymbol(mode, font, group, replace, name, acceptUnicodeChar) { - module.exports[mode][name] = { - font: font, - group: group, - replace: replace - }; - - if (acceptUnicodeChar) { - module.exports[mode][replace] = module.exports[mode][name]; - } - } - - // Some abbreviations for commonly used strings. - // This helps minify the code, and also spotting typos using jshint. - - // modes: - var math = "math"; - var text = "text"; - - // fonts: - var main = "main"; - var ams = "ams"; - - // groups: - var accent = "accent"; - var bin = "bin"; - var close = "close"; - var inner = "inner"; - var mathord = "mathord"; - var op = "op"; - var open = "open"; - var punct = "punct"; - var rel = "rel"; - var spacing = "spacing"; - var textord = "textord"; - - // Now comes the symbol table - - // Relation Symbols - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2261", "\\equiv"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u227A", "\\prec"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u227B", "\\succ"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u223C", "\\sim"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22A5", "\\perp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2AAF", "\\preceq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2AB0", "\\succeq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2243", "\\simeq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2223", "\\mid"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u226A", "\\ll"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u226B", "\\gg"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u224D", "\\asymp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2225", "\\parallel"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22C8", "\\bowtie"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2323", "\\smile"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2291", "\\sqsubseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2292", "\\sqsupseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2250", "\\doteq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2322", "\\frown"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u220B", "\\ni"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u221D", "\\propto"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22A2", "\\vdash"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22A3", "\\dashv"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u220B", "\\owns"); - - // Punctuation - defineSymbol(math, main, punct, ".", "\\ldotp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, punct, "\u22C5", "\\cdotp"); - - // Misc Symbols - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "#", "\\#"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "#", "\\#"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "&", "\\&"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "&", "\\&"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2135", "\\aleph"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2200", "\\forall"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u210F", "\\hbar"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2203", "\\exists"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2207", "\\nabla"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u266D", "\\flat"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2113", "\\ell"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u266E", "\\natural"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2663", "\\clubsuit"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2118", "\\wp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u266F", "\\sharp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2662", "\\diamondsuit"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u211C", "\\Re"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2661", "\\heartsuit"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2111", "\\Im"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2660", "\\spadesuit"); - - // Math and Text - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2020", "\\dag"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2020", "\\dag"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2020", "\\textdagger"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2021", "\\ddag"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2021", "\\ddag"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2020", "\\textdaggerdbl"); - - // Large Delimiters - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u23B1", "\\rmoustache"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u23B0", "\\lmoustache"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u27EF", "\\rgroup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u27EE", "\\lgroup"); - - // Binary Operators - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2213", "\\mp"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2296", "\\ominus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u228E", "\\uplus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2293", "\\sqcap"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2217", "\\ast"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2294", "\\sqcup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u25EF", "\\bigcirc"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2219", "\\bullet"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2021", "\\ddagger"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2240", "\\wr"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2A3F", "\\amalg"); - - // Arrow Symbols - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27F5", "\\longleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D0", "\\Leftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27F8", "\\Longleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27F6", "\\longrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D2", "\\Rightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27F9", "\\Longrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2194", "\\leftrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27F7", "\\longleftrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D4", "\\Leftrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27FA", "\\Longleftrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21A6", "\\mapsto"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u27FC", "\\longmapsto"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2197", "\\nearrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21A9", "\\hookleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21AA", "\\hookrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2198", "\\searrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21BC", "\\leftharpoonup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21C0", "\\rightharpoonup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2199", "\\swarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21BD", "\\leftharpoondown"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21C1", "\\rightharpoondown"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2196", "\\nwarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21CC", "\\rightleftharpoons"); - - // AMS Negated Binary Relations - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u226E", "\\nless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE010", "\\nleqslant"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE011", "\\nleqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A87", "\\lneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2268", "\\lneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE00C", "\\lvertneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E6", "\\lnsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A89", "\\lnapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2280", "\\nprec"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E0", "\\npreceq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E8", "\\precnsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AB9", "\\precnapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2241", "\\nsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE006", "\\nshortmid"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2224", "\\nmid"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22AC", "\\nvdash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22AD", "\\nvDash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22EA", "\\ntriangleleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22EC", "\\ntrianglelefteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u228A", "\\subsetneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE01A", "\\varsubsetneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2ACB", "\\subsetneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE017", "\\varsubsetneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u226F", "\\ngtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE00F", "\\ngeqslant"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE00E", "\\ngeqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A88", "\\gneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2269", "\\gneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE00D", "\\gvertneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E7", "\\gnsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A8A", "\\gnapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2281", "\\nsucc"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E1", "\\nsucceq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22E9", "\\succnsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2ABA", "\\succnapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2246", "\\ncong"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE007", "\\nshortparallel"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2226", "\\nparallel"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22AF", "\\nVDash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22EB", "\\ntriangleright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22ED", "\\ntrianglerighteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE018", "\\nsupseteqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u228B", "\\supsetneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE01B", "\\varsupsetneq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2ACC", "\\supsetneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE019", "\\varsupsetneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22AE", "\\nVdash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AB5", "\\precneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AB6", "\\succneqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\uE016", "\\nsubseteqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22B4", "\\unlhd"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22B5", "\\unrhd"); - - // AMS Negated Arrows - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u219A", "\\nleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u219B", "\\nrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21CD", "\\nLeftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21CF", "\\nRightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21AE", "\\nleftrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21CE", "\\nLeftrightarrow"); - - // AMS Misc - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u25B3", "\\vartriangle"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u210F", "\\hslash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25BD", "\\triangledown"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25CA", "\\lozenge"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u24C8", "\\circledS"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\xAE", "\\circledR"); - defineSymbol(text, ams, textord, "\xAE", "\\circledR"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2221", "\\measuredangle"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2204", "\\nexists"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2127", "\\mho"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2132", "\\Finv"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2141", "\\Game"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "k", "\\Bbbk"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2035", "\\backprime"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25B2", "\\blacktriangle"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25BC", "\\blacktriangledown"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25A0", "\\blacksquare"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u29EB", "\\blacklozenge"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2605", "\\bigstar"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2222", "\\sphericalangle"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2201", "\\complement"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\xF0", "\\eth"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2571", "\\diagup"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2572", "\\diagdown"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25A1", "\\square"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25A1", "\\Box"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u25CA", "\\Diamond"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\xA5", "\\yen"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2713", "\\checkmark"); - defineSymbol(text, ams, textord, "\u2713", "\\checkmark"); - - // AMS Hebrew - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2136", "\\beth"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2138", "\\daleth"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2137", "\\gimel"); - - // AMS Greek - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u03DD", "\\digamma"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u03F0", "\\varkappa"); - - // AMS Delimiters - defineSymbol(math, ams, open, "\u250C", "\\ulcorner"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, close, "\u2510", "\\urcorner"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, open, "\u2514", "\\llcorner"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, close, "\u2518", "\\lrcorner"); - - // AMS Binary Relations - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2266", "\\leqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A7D", "\\leqslant"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A95", "\\eqslantless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2272", "\\lesssim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A85", "\\lessapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u224A", "\\approxeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D6", "\\lessdot"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D8", "\\lll"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2276", "\\lessgtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22DA", "\\lesseqgtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A8B", "\\lesseqqgtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2251", "\\doteqdot"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2253", "\\risingdotseq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2252", "\\fallingdotseq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u223D", "\\backsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22CD", "\\backsimeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AC5", "\\subseteqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D0", "\\Subset"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u228F", "\\sqsubset"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u227C", "\\preccurlyeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22DE", "\\curlyeqprec"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u227E", "\\precsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AB7", "\\precapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22B2", "\\vartriangleleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22B4", "\\trianglelefteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22A8", "\\vDash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22AA", "\\Vvdash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2323", "\\smallsmile"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2322", "\\smallfrown"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u224F", "\\bumpeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u224E", "\\Bumpeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2267", "\\geqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A7E", "\\geqslant"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A96", "\\eqslantgtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2273", "\\gtrsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A86", "\\gtrapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D7", "\\gtrdot"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D9", "\\ggg"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2277", "\\gtrless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22DB", "\\gtreqless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2A8C", "\\gtreqqless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2256", "\\eqcirc"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2257", "\\circeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u225C", "\\triangleq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u223C", "\\thicksim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2248", "\\thickapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AC6", "\\supseteqq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D1", "\\Supset"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2290", "\\sqsupset"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u227D", "\\succcurlyeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22DF", "\\curlyeqsucc"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u227F", "\\succsim"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2AB8", "\\succapprox"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22B3", "\\vartriangleright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22B5", "\\trianglerighteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22A9", "\\Vdash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2223", "\\shortmid"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2225", "\\shortparallel"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u226C", "\\between"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D4", "\\pitchfork"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u221D", "\\varpropto"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u25C0", "\\blacktriangleleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2234", "\\therefore"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u220D", "\\backepsilon"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u25B6", "\\blacktriangleright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2235", "\\because"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D8", "\\llless"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22D9", "\\gggtr"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22B2", "\\lhd"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22B3", "\\rhd"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2242", "\\eqsim"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22C8", "\\Join"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2251", "\\Doteq"); - - // AMS Binary Operators - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u2214", "\\dotplus"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u2216", "\\smallsetminus"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D2", "\\Cap"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D3", "\\Cup"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u2A5E", "\\doublebarwedge"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u229F", "\\boxminus"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u229E", "\\boxplus"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22C7", "\\divideontimes"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22C9", "\\ltimes"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22CA", "\\rtimes"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22CB", "\\leftthreetimes"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22CC", "\\rightthreetimes"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22CF", "\\curlywedge"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22CE", "\\curlyvee"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u229D", "\\circleddash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u229B", "\\circledast"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22C5", "\\centerdot"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22BA", "\\intercal"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D2", "\\doublecap"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22D3", "\\doublecup"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22A0", "\\boxtimes"); - - // AMS Arrows - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21E2", "\\dashrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21E0", "\\dashleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C7", "\\leftleftarrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C6", "\\leftrightarrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21DA", "\\Lleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u219E", "\\twoheadleftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21A2", "\\leftarrowtail"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21AB", "\\looparrowleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21CB", "\\leftrightharpoons"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21B6", "\\curvearrowleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21BA", "\\circlearrowleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21B0", "\\Lsh"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C8", "\\upuparrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21BF", "\\upharpoonleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C3", "\\downharpoonleft"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u22B8", "\\multimap"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21AD", "\\leftrightsquigarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C9", "\\rightrightarrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C4", "\\rightleftarrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21A0", "\\twoheadrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21A3", "\\rightarrowtail"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21AC", "\\looparrowright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21B7", "\\curvearrowright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21BB", "\\circlearrowright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21B1", "\\Rsh"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21CA", "\\downdownarrows"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21BE", "\\upharpoonright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21C2", "\\downharpoonright"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21DD", "\\rightsquigarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21DD", "\\leadsto"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21DB", "\\Rrightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u21BE", "\\restriction"); - - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2018", "`"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "$", "\\$"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "$", "\\$"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "$", "\\textdollar"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "%", "\\%"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "%", "\\%"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "_", "\\_"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "_", "\\_"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "_", "\\textunderscore"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2220", "\\angle"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u221E", "\\infty"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2032", "\\prime"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u25B3", "\\triangle"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u0393", "\\Gamma", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u0394", "\\Delta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u0398", "\\Theta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u039B", "\\Lambda", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u039E", "\\Xi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A0", "\\Pi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A3", "\\Sigma", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A5", "\\Upsilon", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A6", "\\Phi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A8", "\\Psi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u03A9", "\\Omega", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\xAC", "\\neg"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\xAC", "\\lnot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u22A4", "\\top"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u22A5", "\\bot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2205", "\\emptyset"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2205", "\\varnothing"); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B1", "\\alpha", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B2", "\\beta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B3", "\\gamma", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B4", "\\delta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03F5", "\\epsilon", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B6", "\\zeta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B7", "\\eta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B8", "\\theta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B9", "\\iota", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BA", "\\kappa", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BB", "\\lambda", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BC", "\\mu", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BD", "\\nu", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BE", "\\xi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03BF", "\\omicron", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C0", "\\pi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C1", "\\rho", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C3", "\\sigma", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C4", "\\tau", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C5", "\\upsilon", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03D5", "\\phi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C7", "\\chi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C8", "\\psi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C9", "\\omega", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03B5", "\\varepsilon", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03D1", "\\vartheta", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03D6", "\\varpi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03F1", "\\varrho", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C2", "\\varsigma", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u03C6", "\\varphi", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2217", "*"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "+", "+"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2212", "-"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u22C5", "\\cdot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2218", "\\circ"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\xF7", "\\div"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\xB1", "\\pm"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\xD7", "\\times"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2229", "\\cap"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u222A", "\\cup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2216", "\\setminus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2227", "\\land"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2228", "\\lor"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2227", "\\wedge"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2228", "\\vee"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u221A", "\\surd"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "(", "("); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "[", "["); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u27E8", "\\langle"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u2223", "\\lvert"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u2225", "\\lVert"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, ")", ")"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "]", "]"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "?", "?"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "!", "!"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u27E9", "\\rangle"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u2223", "\\rvert"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u2225", "\\rVert"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "=", "="); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "<", "<"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, ">", ">"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, ":", ":"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2248", "\\approx"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2245", "\\cong"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2265", "\\ge"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2265", "\\geq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2190", "\\gets"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, ">", "\\gt"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2208", "\\in"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2209", "\\notin"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u0338", "\\not"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2282", "\\subset"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2283", "\\supset"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2286", "\\subseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2287", "\\supseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2288", "\\nsubseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2289", "\\nsupseteq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u22A8", "\\models"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2190", "\\leftarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2264", "\\le"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2264", "\\leq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "<", "\\lt"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2260", "\\ne"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2260", "\\neq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2192", "\\rightarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2192", "\\to"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2271", "\\ngeq"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, rel, "\u2270", "\\nleq"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\!"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, "\xA0", "\\ "); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, "\xA0", "~"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\,"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\:"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\;"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\enspace"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\qquad"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, null, "\\quad"); - defineSymbol(math, main, spacing, "\xA0", "\\space"); - defineSymbol(math, main, punct, ",", ","); - defineSymbol(math, main, punct, ";", ";"); - defineSymbol(math, main, punct, ":", "\\colon"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22BC", "\\barwedge"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22BB", "\\veebar"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2299", "\\odot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2295", "\\oplus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2297", "\\otimes"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2202", "\\partial"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2298", "\\oslash"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u229A", "\\circledcirc"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, bin, "\u22A1", "\\boxdot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u25B3", "\\bigtriangleup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u25BD", "\\bigtriangledown"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u2020", "\\dagger"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u22C4", "\\diamond"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u22C6", "\\star"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u25C3", "\\triangleleft"); - defineSymbol(math, main, bin, "\u25B9", "\\triangleright"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "{", "\\{"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "{", "\\{"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "{", "\\textbraceleft"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "}", "\\}"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "}", "\\}"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "}", "\\textbraceright"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "{", "\\lbrace"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "}", "\\rbrace"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "[", "\\lbrack"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "]", "\\rbrack"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "<", "\\textless"); // in T1 fontenc - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, ">", "\\textgreater"); // in T1 fontenc - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u230A", "\\lfloor"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u230B", "\\rfloor"); - defineSymbol(math, main, open, "\u2308", "\\lceil"); - defineSymbol(math, main, close, "\u2309", "\\rceil"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\\", "\\backslash"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2223", "|"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2223", "\\vert"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "|", "\\textbar"); // in T1 fontenc - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2225", "\\|"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u2225", "\\Vert"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2225", "\\textbardbl"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2191", "\\uparrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D1", "\\Uparrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2193", "\\downarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D3", "\\Downarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u2195", "\\updownarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, rel, "\u21D5", "\\Updownarrow"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2210", "\\coprod"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u22C1", "\\bigvee"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u22C0", "\\bigwedge"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2A04", "\\biguplus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u22C2", "\\bigcap"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u22C3", "\\bigcup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222B", "\\int"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222B", "\\intop"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222C", "\\iint"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222D", "\\iiint"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u220F", "\\prod"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2211", "\\sum"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2A02", "\\bigotimes"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2A01", "\\bigoplus"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2A00", "\\bigodot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222E", "\\oint"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u2A06", "\\bigsqcup"); - defineSymbol(math, main, op, "\u222B", "\\smallint"); - defineSymbol(text, main, inner, "\u2026", "\\textellipsis"); - defineSymbol(math, main, inner, "\u2026", "\\mathellipsis"); - defineSymbol(text, main, inner, "\u2026", "\\ldots", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, inner, "\u2026", "\\ldots", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, inner, "\u22EF", "\\cdots", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, inner, "\u22F1", "\\ddots", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\u22EE", "\\vdots", true); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\xB4", "\\acute"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "`", "\\grave"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\xA8", "\\ddot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "~", "\\tilde"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\xAF", "\\bar"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\u02D8", "\\breve"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\u02C7", "\\check"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "^", "\\hat"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\u20D7", "\\vec"); - defineSymbol(math, main, accent, "\u02D9", "\\dot"); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u0131", "\\imath"); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\u0237", "\\jmath"); - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02CA", "\\'"); // acute - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02CB", "\\`"); // grave - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02C6", "\\^"); // circumflex - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02DC", "\\~"); // tilde - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02C9", "\\="); // macron - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02D8", "\\u"); // breve - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02D9", "\\."); // dot above - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02DA", "\\r"); // ring above - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u02C7", "\\v"); // caron - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\xA8", '\\"'); // diaresis - defineSymbol(text, main, accent, "\u030B", "\\H"); // double acute - - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2013", "--"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2013", "\\textendash"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2014", "---"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2014", "\\textemdash"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2018", "`"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2018", "\\textquoteleft"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2019", "'"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2019", "\\textquoteright"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201C", "``"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201C", "\\textquotedblleft"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201D", "''"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201D", "\\textquotedblright"); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, "\xB0", "\\degree"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\xB0", "\\degree"); - // TODO: In LaTeX, \pounds can generate a different character in text and math - // mode, but among our fonts, only Main-Italic defines this character "163". - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\xA3", "\\pounds"); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, "\xA3", "\\mathsterling"); - defineSymbol(text, main, mathord, "\xA3", "\\pounds"); - defineSymbol(text, main, mathord, "\xA3", "\\textsterling"); - defineSymbol(math, ams, textord, "\u2720", "\\maltese"); - defineSymbol(text, ams, textord, "\u2720", "\\maltese"); - - defineSymbol(text, main, spacing, "\xA0", "\\ "); - defineSymbol(text, main, spacing, "\xA0", " "); - defineSymbol(text, main, spacing, "\xA0", "~"); - - // There are lots of symbols which are the same, so we add them in afterwards. - - // All of these are textords in math mode - var mathTextSymbols = "0123456789/@.\""; - for (var i = 0; i < mathTextSymbols.length; i++) { - var ch = mathTextSymbols.charAt(i); - defineSymbol(math, main, textord, ch, ch); - } - - // All of these are textords in text mode - var textSymbols = "0123456789!@*()-=+[]<>|\";:?/.,"; - for (var _i = 0; _i < textSymbols.length; _i++) { - var _ch = textSymbols.charAt(_i); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch, _ch); - } - - // All of these are textords in text mode, and mathords in math mode - var letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; - for (var _i2 = 0; _i2 < letters.length; _i2++) { - var _ch2 = letters.charAt(_i2); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, _ch2, _ch2); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch2, _ch2); - } - - // Latin-1 letters - for (var _i3 = 0x00C0; _i3 <= 0x00D6; _i3++) { - var _ch3 = String.fromCharCode(_i3); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, _ch3, _ch3); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch3, _ch3); - } - - for (var _i4 = 0x00D8; _i4 <= 0x00F6; _i4++) { - var _ch4 = String.fromCharCode(_i4); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, _ch4, _ch4); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch4, _ch4); - } - - for (var _i5 = 0x00F8; _i5 <= 0x00FF; _i5++) { - var _ch5 = String.fromCharCode(_i5); - defineSymbol(math, main, mathord, _ch5, _ch5); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch5, _ch5); - } - - // Cyrillic - for (var _i6 = 0x0410; _i6 <= 0x044F; _i6++) { - var _ch6 = String.fromCharCode(_i6); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, _ch6, _ch6); - } - - // Unicode versions of existing characters - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2013", "–"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2014", "—"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2018", "‘"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u2019", "’"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201C", "“"); - defineSymbol(text, main, textord, "\u201D", "”"); - - },{}],49:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var hangulRegex = /[\uAC00-\uD7AF]/; - - // This regex combines - // - CJK symbols and punctuation: [\u3000-\u303F] - // - Hiragana: [\u3040-\u309F] - // - Katakana: [\u30A0-\u30FF] - // - CJK ideograms: [\u4E00-\u9FAF] - // - Hangul syllables: [\uAC00-\uD7AF] - // - Fullwidth punctuation: [\uFF00-\uFF60] - // Notably missing are halfwidth Katakana and Romanji glyphs. - var cjkRegex = /[\u3000-\u30FF\u4E00-\u9FAF\uAC00-\uD7AF\uFF00-\uFF60]/; - - module.exports = { - cjkRegex: cjkRegex, - hangulRegex: hangulRegex - }; - - },{}],50:[function(require,module,exports){ - - var _ParseError = require("./ParseError"); - - var _ParseError2 = _interopRequireDefault(_ParseError); - - function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; } - - // This table gives the number of TeX pts in one of each *absolute* TeX unit. - // Thus, multiplying a length by this number converts the length from units - // into pts. Dividing the result by ptPerEm gives the number of ems - // *assuming* a font size of ptPerEm (normal size, normal style). - var ptPerUnit = { - // https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Lengths and - // https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/8263 - "pt": 1, // TeX point - "mm": 7227 / 2540, // millimeter - "cm": 7227 / 254, // centimeter - "in": 72.27, // inch - "bp": 803 / 800, // big (PostScript) points - "pc": 12, // pica - "dd": 1238 / 1157, // didot - "cc": 14856 / 1157, // cicero (12 didot) - "nd": 685 / 642, // new didot - "nc": 1370 / 107, // new cicero (12 new didot) - "sp": 1 / 65536, // scaled point (TeX's internal smallest unit) - // https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/41371 - "px": 803 / 800 }; - - // Dictionary of relative units, for fast validity testing. - /* eslint no-console:0 */ - - /** - * This file does conversion between units. In particular, it provides - * calculateSize to convert other units into ems. - */ - - var relativeUnit = { - "ex": true, - "em": true, - "mu": true - }; - - /** - * Determine whether the specified unit (either a string defining the unit - * or a "size" parse node containing a unit field) is valid. - */ - var validUnit = function validUnit(unit) { - if (unit.unit) { - unit = unit.unit; - } - return unit in ptPerUnit || unit in relativeUnit || unit === "ex"; - }; - - /* - * Convert a "size" parse node (with numeric "number" and string "unit" fields, - * as parsed by functions.js argType "size") into a CSS em value for the - * current style/scale. `options` gives the current options. - */ - var calculateSize = function calculateSize(sizeValue, options) { - var scale = void 0; - if (sizeValue.unit in ptPerUnit) { - // Absolute units - scale = ptPerUnit[sizeValue.unit] // Convert unit to pt - / options.fontMetrics().ptPerEm // Convert pt to CSS em - / options.sizeMultiplier; // Unscale to make absolute units - } else if (sizeValue.unit === "mu") { - // `mu` units scale with scriptstyle/scriptscriptstyle. - scale = options.fontMetrics().cssEmPerMu; - } else { - // Other relative units always refer to the *textstyle* font - // in the current size. - var unitOptions = void 0; - if (options.style.isTight()) { - // isTight() means current style is script/scriptscript. - unitOptions = options.havingStyle(options.style.text()); - } else { - unitOptions = options; - } - // TODO: In TeX these units are relative to the quad of the current - // *text* font, e.g. cmr10. 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Consider $\scriptsize a\kern1emb$. - // TeX \showlists shows a kern of 1.13889 * fontsize; - // KaTeX shows a kern of 1.171 * fontsize. - if (sizeValue.unit === "ex") { - scale = unitOptions.fontMetrics().xHeight; - } else if (sizeValue.unit === "em") { - scale = unitOptions.fontMetrics().quad; - } else { - throw new _ParseError2.default("Invalid unit: '" + sizeValue.unit + "'"); - } - if (unitOptions !== options) { - scale *= unitOptions.sizeMultiplier / options.sizeMultiplier; - } - } - return sizeValue.number * scale; - }; - - module.exports = { - validUnit: validUnit, - calculateSize: calculateSize - }; - - },{"./ParseError":29}],51:[function(require,module,exports){ - - /** - * This file contains a list of utility functions which are useful in other - * files. - */ - - /** - * Provide an `indexOf` function which works in IE8, but defers to native if - * possible. - */ - var nativeIndexOf = Array.prototype.indexOf; - var indexOf = function indexOf(list, elem) { - if (list == null) { - return -1; - } - if (nativeIndexOf && list.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) { - return list.indexOf(elem); - } - var l = list.length; - for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { - if (list[i] === elem) { - return i; - } - } - return -1; - }; - - /** - * Return whether an element is contained in a list - */ - var contains = function contains(list, elem) { - return indexOf(list, elem) !== -1; - }; - - /** - * Provide a default value if a setting is undefined - */ - var deflt = function deflt(setting, defaultIfUndefined) { - return setting === undefined ? defaultIfUndefined : setting; - }; - - // hyphenate and escape adapted from Facebook's React under Apache 2 license - - var uppercase = /([A-Z])/g; - var hyphenate = function hyphenate(str) { - return str.replace(uppercase, "-$1").toLowerCase(); - }; - - var ESCAPE_LOOKUP = { - "&": "&", - ">": ">", - "<": "<", - "\"": """, - "'": "'" - }; - - var ESCAPE_REGEX = /[&><"']/g; - - function escaper(match) { - return ESCAPE_LOOKUP[match]; - } - - /** - * Escapes text to prevent scripting attacks. - * - * @param {*} text Text value to escape. - * @return {string} An escaped string. - */ - function escape(text) { - return ("" + text).replace(ESCAPE_REGEX, escaper); - } - - /** - * A function to set the text content of a DOM element in all supported - * browsers. 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If it is ever exposed in the - * API, we should copy it before mutating. - */ - const renderMathInText = function(text, optionsCopy) { - const data = splitWithDelimiters(text, optionsCopy.delimiters); - const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); - - for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { - if (data[i].type === "text") { - fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(data[i].data)); - } else { - const tag = document.createElement("d-math"); - const math = data[i].data; - // Override any display mode defined in the settings with that - // defined by the text itself - optionsCopy.displayMode = data[i].display; - try { - tag.textContent = math; - if (optionsCopy.displayMode) { - tag.setAttribute("block", ""); - } - } catch (e) { - if (!(e instanceof katex.ParseError)) { - throw e; - } - optionsCopy.errorCallback( - "KaTeX auto-render: Failed to parse `" + data[i].data + "` with ", - e - ); - fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(data[i].rawData)); - continue; - } - fragment.appendChild(tag); - } - } - - return fragment; - }; - - const renderElem = function(elem, optionsCopy) { - for (let i = 0; i < elem.childNodes.length; i++) { - const childNode = elem.childNodes[i]; - if (childNode.nodeType === 3) { - // Text node - const text = childNode.textContent; - if (optionsCopy.mightHaveMath(text)) { - const frag = renderMathInText(text, optionsCopy); - i += frag.childNodes.length - 1; - elem.replaceChild(frag, childNode); - } - } else if (childNode.nodeType === 1) { - // Element node - const shouldRender = - optionsCopy.ignoredTags.indexOf(childNode.nodeName.toLowerCase()) === - -1; - - if (shouldRender) { - renderElem(childNode, optionsCopy); - } - } - // Otherwise, it's something else, and ignore it. - } - }; - - const defaultAutoRenderOptions = { - delimiters: [ - { left: "$$", right: "$$", display: true }, - { left: "\\[", right: "\\]", display: true }, - { left: "\\(", right: "\\)", display: false } - // LaTeX uses this, but it ruins the display of normal `$` in text: - // {left: '$', right: '$', display: false}, - ], - - ignoredTags: [ - "script", - "noscript", - "style", - "textarea", - "pre", - "code", - "svg" - ], - - errorCallback: function(msg, err) { - console.error(msg, err); 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r=this.nextToken,i=r,a="";"EOF"!==this.nextToken.text&&e.test(a+this.nextToken.text);)a+=(i=this.nextToken).text,this.consume();if(""===a)throw new f["default"]("Invalid "+t+": '"+r.text+"'",r);return this.mode=n,r.range(i,a)}},{key:"parseColorGroup",value:function(e){var t=this.parseStringGroup("color",e);if(!t)return null;var n=/^(#[a-z0-9]+|[a-z]+)$/i.exec(t.text);if(!n)throw new f["default"]("Invalid color: '"+t.text+"'",t) +;return new r(new p["default"]("color",n[0],this.mode),!1)}},{key:"parseSizeGroup",value:function(e){var t=void 0;if(!(t=e||"{"===this.nextToken.text?this.parseStringGroup("size",e):this.parseRegexGroup(/^[-+]? *(?:$|\d+|\d+\.\d*|\.\d*) *[a-z]{0,2} *$/,"size")))return null;var n=/([-+]?) *(\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+) *([a-z]{2})/.exec(t.text);if(!n)throw new f["default"]("Invalid size: '"+t.text+"'",t);var i={number:+(n[1]+n[2]),unit:n[3]};if(!c["default"].validUnit(i))throw new f["default"]("Invalid unit: '"+i.unit+"'",t);return new r(new 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+/*! * escape-html * Copyright(c) 2012-2013 TJ Holowaychuk * Copyright(c) 2015 Andreas Lubbe * Copyright(c) 2015 Tiancheng "Timothy" Gu * MIT Licensed */ - - /** - * Module variables. - * @private - */ - - var matchHtmlRegExp = /["'&<>]/; - - /** - * Module exports. - * @public - */ - - var escapeHtml_1 = escapeHtml; - - /** - * Escape special characters in the given string of html. - * - * @param {string} string The string to escape for inserting into HTML - * @return {string} - * @public - */ - - function escapeHtml(string) { - var str = '' + string; - var match = matchHtmlRegExp.exec(str); - - if (!match) { - return str; - } - - var escape; - var html = ''; - var index = 0; - var lastIndex = 0; - - for (index = match.index; index < str.length; index++) { - switch (str.charCodeAt(index)) { - case 34: // " - escape = '"'; - break; - case 38: // & - escape = '&'; - break; - case 39: // ' - escape = '''; - break; - case 60: // < - escape = '<'; - break; - case 62: // > - escape = '>'; - break; - default: - continue; - } - - if (lastIndex !== index) { - html += str.substring(lastIndex, index); - } - - lastIndex = index + 1; - html += escape; - } - - return lastIndex !== index - ? html + str.substring(lastIndex, index) - : html; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function Meta(dom, data) { - let head = dom.querySelector('head'); - let appendHead = html => appendHtml(head, html); - - function meta(name, content, force) { - if (content || force) - appendHead(` \n`); - } - - appendHead(` - - - - `); - - if (data.title) { - appendHead(` - ${escapeHtml_1(data.title)} - `); - } - - if (data.url) { - appendHead(` - - `); - } - - - if (data.publishedDate){ - appendHead(` - - - - - `); - } - - if (data.updatedDate) { - appendHead(` - - `); - } - - (data.authors || []).forEach((a) => { - appendHtml(head, ` - `); - }); - - appendHead(` - - - - - - - - - `); - - appendHead(` - - - - - - - - - `); - - // if this is a proprer article, generate Google Scholar meta data - if (data.doiSuffix){ - appendHead(` - \n`); - - meta('citation_title', data.title); - meta('citation_fulltext_html_url', data.url); - meta('citation_volume', data.volume); - meta('citation_issue', data.issue); - meta('citation_firstpage', data.doiSuffix ? `e${data.doiSuffix}` : undefined); - meta('citation_doi', data.doi); - - let journal = data.journal || {}; - meta('citation_journal_title', journal.full_title || journal.title); - meta('citation_journal_abbrev', journal.abbrev_title); - meta('citation_issn', journal.issn); - meta('citation_publisher', journal.publisher); - meta('citation_fulltext_world_readable', '', true); - - if (data.publishedDate){ - meta('citation_online_date', `${data.publishedYear}/${data.publishedMonthPadded}/${data.publishedDayPadded}`); - meta('citation_publication_date', `${data.publishedYear}/${data.publishedMonthPadded}/${data.publishedDayPadded}`); - } - - (data.authors || []).forEach((a) => { - meta('citation_author', `${a.lastName}, ${a.firstName}`); - meta('citation_author_institution', a.affiliation); - }); - } else { - console.warn('No DOI suffix in data; not adding citation meta tags!'); - } - - if (data.citations) { - data.citations.forEach(key => { - if (data.bibliography && data.bibliography.has(key)) { - const entry = data.bibliography.get(key); - meta('citation_reference', citation_meta_content(entry) ); - } else { - console.warn('No bibliography data found for ' + key); - } - }); - } else { - console.warn('No citations found; not adding any references meta tags!'); - } - } - - function appendHtml(el, html) { - el.innerHTML += html; - } - - function citation_meta_content(ref){ - var content = `citation_title=${ref.title};`; - - if (ref.author && ref.author !== '') { - ref.author.split(' and ').forEach(name => { - name = name.trim(); - let last, firsts; - if (name.indexOf(',') != -1){ - last = name.split(',')[0].trim(); - firsts = name.split(',')[1].trim(); - } else { - last = name.split(' ').slice(-1)[0].trim(); - firsts = name.split(' ').slice(0,-1).join(' '); - } - content += `citation_author=${firsts} ${last};`; - }); - } - - if ('year' in ref) { - content += `citation_publication_date=${ref.year};`; - } - - // Special test for arxiv - let arxiv_id_search = /https?:\/\/arxiv\.org\/pdf\/([0-9]*\.[0-9]*)\.pdf/.exec(ref.url); - arxiv_id_search = arxiv_id_search || /https?:\/\/arxiv\.org\/abs\/([0-9]*\.[0-9]*)/.exec(ref.url); - arxiv_id_search = arxiv_id_search || /arXiv preprint arXiv:([0-9]*\.[0-9]*)/.exec(ref.journal); - if (arxiv_id_search && arxiv_id_search[1]){ - content += `citation_arxiv_id=${arxiv_id_search[1]};`; - return content; // arXiv is not considered a journal, so we don't need journal/volume/issue - } - if ('journal' in ref){ - content += `citation_journal_title=${escapeHtml_1(ref.journal)};`; - } - if ('volume' in ref) { - content += `citation_volume=${escapeHtml_1(ref.volume)};`; - } - if ('issue' in ref || 'number' in ref){ - content += `citation_number=${escapeHtml_1(ref.issue || ref.number)};`; - } - return content; - } - - var base = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nhtml {\n font-size: 14px;\n\tline-height: 1.6em;\n /* font-family: \"Libre Franklin\", \"Helvetica Neue\", sans-serif; */\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, \"Fira Sans\", \"Droid Sans\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif;\n /*, \"Apple Color Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Symbol\";*/\n text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n html {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\nbody {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\na {\n color: #004276;\n}\n\nfigure {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\ntable {\n\tborder-collapse: collapse;\n\tborder-spacing: 0;\n}\n\ntable th {\n\ttext-align: left;\n}\n\ntable thead {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\ntable thead th {\n padding-bottom: 0.5em;\n}\n\ntable tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 0.5em;\n}\n\npre {\n overflow: auto;\n max-width: 100%;\n}\n\np {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\nsup, sub {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n position: relative;\n top: -0.4em;\n line-height: 1em;\n}\n\nsub {\n top: 0.4em;\n}\n\n.kicker,\n.marker {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n}\n\n\n/* Headline */\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-title h1 span {\n display: block;\n }\n}\n\n/* Figure */\n\nfigure {\n position: relative;\n margin-bottom: 2.5em;\n margin-top: 1.5em;\n}\n\nfigcaption+figure {\n\n}\n\nfigure img {\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nfigure svg text,\nfigure svg tspan {\n}\n\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.5em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n font-size: 13px;\n }\n}\n\nfigure.external img {\n background: white;\n border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 18px;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nfigcaption a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nfigcaption b,\nfigcaption strong, {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\n}\n"; - - var layout = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@supports not (display: grid) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n display: block;\n padding: 8px;\n }\n}\n\n.base-grid,\ndistill-header,\nd-title,\nd-abstract,\nd-article,\nd-appendix,\ndistill-appendix,\nd-byline,\nd-footnote-list,\nd-citation-list,\ndistill-footer {\n display: grid;\n justify-items: stretch;\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 8px [page-start kicker-start text-start gutter-start middle-start] 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr [text-end page-end gutter-end kicker-end middle-end] 8px [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n.grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start middle-start text-start] 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px [ kicker-end text-end gutter-start] 45px [middle-end] 45px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1000px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 50px [middle-start] 50px [text-start kicker-end] 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px [text-end gutter-start] 50px [middle-end] 50px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1180px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 60px [middle-start] 60px [text-start kicker-end] 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px [text-end gutter-start] 60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n}\n\n\n\n\n.base-grid {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n/* .l-body,\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page,\nd-title > *,\nd-figure {\n grid-column: page;\n} */\n\n.l-gutter {\n grid-column: gutter;\n}\n\n.l-text,\n.l-body {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-body-outset {\n grid-column: middle;\n}\n\n.l-page-outset {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-screen {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n.l-screen-inset {\n grid-column: screen;\n padding-left: 16px;\n padding-left: 16px;\n}\n\n\n/* Aside */\n\nd-article aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.6em;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n\n .side {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n}\n"; - - var print = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) \" of \" counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS Grid takes care of those */\n }\n\n p, code {\n page-break-inside: avoid;\n }\n\n h2, h3 {\n page-break-after: avoid;\n }\n\n d-header {\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n\n d-footer {\n display: none!important;\n }\n\n}\n"; - - var byline = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-byline {\n contain: style;\n overflow: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n line-height: 1.8em;\n padding: 1.5rem 0;\n min-height: 1.8em;\n}\n\n\nd-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline .authors-affiliations {\n grid-column-end: span 2;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .authors-affiliations {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n font-size: 0.6rem;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n margin: 0;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n\nd-byline p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nd-byline a,\nd-article d-byline a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article d-byline a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-byline p.author {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\nd-byline .affiliations {\n\n}\n"; - - var article = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n border: none;\n counter-reset: section;\n grid-column: kicker;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover {\n border: none;\n}\n\nd-article .marker span {\n padding: 0 3px 4px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n position: relative;\n top: 4px;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover span {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n}\n\nd-article h2 {\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 24px;\n line-height: 1.25em;\n margin: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h2 {\n font-size: 36px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H3 */\n\nd-article h3 {\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-top: 2em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h3 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H4 */\n\nd-article h4 {\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\nd-article a {\n color: inherit;\n}\n\nd-article p,\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol,\nd-article blockquote {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\nd-article blockquote {\n border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n padding-left: 2em;\n font-style: italic;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nd-article a {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\nd-article a:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article .link {\n text-decoration: underline;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n}\n\nd-article li {\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nd-article li:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nd-article pre {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\nd-article hr {\n grid-column: screen;\n width: 100%;\n border: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article section {\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered {\n contain: style;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\n/* Tables */\n\nd-article table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table th {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n}\n\nd-article table td {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\nd-article table tr:last-of-type td {\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article table th,\nd-article table td {\n font-size: 15px;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n}\n\nd-article table tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 2px;\n}\n"; - - var title = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-title {\n padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title {\n padding: 4rem 0 1.5rem;\n }\n}\n\nd-title h1 {\n grid-column: text;\n font-size: 40px;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.1em;\n margin: 0 0 0.5rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title h1 {\n font-size: 50px;\n }\n}\n\nd-title p {\n font-weight: 300;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n line-height: 1.55em;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\nd-title .status {\n margin-top: 0px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: #009688;\n opacity: 0.8;\n grid-column: kicker;\n}\n\nd-title .status span {\n line-height: 1;\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 6px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #80cbc4;\n font-size: 11px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n"; - - var math = "/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nspan.katex-display {\n text-align: left;\n padding: 8px 0 8px 0;\n margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;\n}\n\nspan.katex {\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n font-size: 1.18em;\n}\n"; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const styles = base + layout + title + byline + article + math + print; - - function makeStyleTag(dom) { - - const styleTagId = 'distill-prerendered-styles'; - const prerenderedTag = dom.getElementById(styleTagId); - if (!prerenderedTag) { - const styleTag = dom.createElement('style'); - styleTag.id = styleTagId; - styleTag.type = 'text/css'; - const cssTextTag = dom.createTextNode(styles); - styleTag.appendChild(cssTextTag); - const firstScriptTag = dom.head.querySelector('script'); - dom.head.insertBefore(styleTag, firstScriptTag); - } - - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function renderTOC(element, headings) { - - let ToC =` - - -

      Table of contents

      -
        `; - - for (const el of headings) { - // should element be included in TOC? - const isInTitle = el.parentElement.tagName == 'D-TITLE'; - const isException = el.getAttribute('no-toc'); - if (isInTitle || isException) continue; - // create TOC entry - const title = el.textContent; - const link = '#' + el.getAttribute('id'); - - let newLine = '
      • ' + '' + title + '' + '
        • '; - if (el.tagName == 'H3') { - newLine = '
          ' + newLine + '
        '; - } else { - newLine += '
        '; - } - ToC += newLine; - - } - - ToC += '
      '; - element.innerHTML = ToC; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function TOC(dom) { - const article = dom.querySelector('d-article'); - const toc = dom.querySelector('d-toc'); - if (toc) { - const headings = article.querySelectorAll('h2, h3'); - renderTOC(toc, headings); - toc.setAttribute('prerendered', 'true'); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - function Typeset(dom) { - - var textNodes = dom.createTreeWalker( - dom.body, - dom.defaultView.NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT - ); - while (textNodes.nextNode()) { - var n = textNodes.currentNode, - text = n.nodeValue; - if (text && acceptNode(n)) { - text = quotes(text); - text = punctuation(text); - // TODO: Add back support for ligatures once their uppercased versions don't hang Chrome search anymore - // see: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=862648 - // text = ligatures(text); - n.nodeValue = text; - } - } - } - - // 2018-07-11 shancarter@ and ludwigschubert@ no longer know what this was meant to accomplish - // if it was trying to not replace text in any child nodes of those listed here, - // then it does not accomplish that. - function acceptNode(node) { - var parent = node.parentElement; - var isMath = (parent && parent.getAttribute && parent.getAttribute('class')) ? parent.getAttribute('class').includes('katex') || parent.getAttribute('class').includes('MathJax') : false; - return parent && - parent.nodeName !== 'SCRIPT' && - parent.nodeName !== 'STYLE' && - parent.nodeName !== 'CODE' && - parent.nodeName !== 'PRE' && - parent.nodeName !== 'SPAN' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-HEADER' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-BYLINE' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-MATH' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-CODE' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-BIBLIOGRAPHY' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-FOOTER' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-APPENDIX' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-FRONTMATTER' && - parent.nodeName !== 'D-TOC' && - parent.nodeType !== 8 && //comment nodes - !isMath; - } - - - /*! - * typeset - Typesetting for the web - * @version v0.1.6 - * @link https://github.com/davidmerfield/Typeset.js - * @author David Merfield - */ - // which has a CC0 license - // http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ - - - function punctuation(text){ - - // Dashes - text = text.replace(/--/g, '\u2014'); - text = text.replace(/\s*\u2014\s*/g,'\u2009\u2014\u2009'); //this has thin spaces - - // Elipses - text = text.replace(/\.\.\./g,'…'); - - // Nbsp for punc with spaces - var NBSP = '\u00a0'; - var NBSP_PUNCTUATION_START = /([«¿¡]) /g; - var NBSP_PUNCTUATION_END = / ([!?:;.,‽»])/g; - - text = text.replace(NBSP_PUNCTUATION_START, '$1' + NBSP); - text = text.replace(NBSP_PUNCTUATION_END, NBSP + '$1'); - - return text; - } - - function quotes(text) { - - text = text - .replace(/(\W|^)"([^\s!?:;.,‽»])/g, '$1\u201c$2') // beginning " - .replace(/(\u201c[^"]*)"([^"]*$|[^\u201c"]*\u201c)/g, '$1\u201d$2') // ending " - .replace(/([^0-9])"/g,'$1\u201d') // remaining " at end of word - .replace(/(\W|^)'(\S)/g, '$1\u2018$2') // beginning ' - .replace(/([a-z])'([a-z])/ig, '$1\u2019$2') // conjunction's possession - .replace(/((\u2018[^']*)|[a-z])'([^0-9]|$)/ig, '$1\u2019$3') // ending ' - .replace(/(\u2018)([0-9]{2}[^\u2019]*)(\u2018([^0-9]|$)|$|\u2019[a-z])/ig, '\u2019$2$3') // abbrev. years like '93 - .replace(/(\B|^)\u2018(?=([^\u2019]*\u2019\b)*([^\u2019\u2018]*\W[\u2019\u2018]\b|[^\u2019\u2018]*$))/ig, '$1\u2019') // backwards apostrophe - .replace(/'''/g, '\u2034') // triple prime - .replace(/("|'')/g, '\u2033') // double prime - .replace(/'/g, '\u2032'); - - // Allow escaped quotes - text = text.replace(/\\“/, '"'); - text = text.replace(/\\”/, '"'); - text = text.replace(/\\’/, '\''); - text = text.replace(/\\‘/, '\''); - - return text; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - // const template = ` - // if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && - // 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in window && - // 'intersectionRatio' in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { - // // Platform supports IntersectionObserver natively! :-) - // if (!('isIntersecting' in IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { - // Object.defineProperty(IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype, - // 'isIntersecting', { - // get: function () { - // return this.intersectionRatio > 0; - // } - // }); - // } - // } else { - // // Platform does not support webcomponents--loading polyfills synchronously. - // const scriptTag = document.createElement('script'); - // scriptTag.src = '${intersectionObserverPath}'; - // scriptTag.async = false; - // document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptTag, document.currentScript.nextSibling); - // } - // - // if ('registerElement' in document && - // 'import' in document.createElement('link') && - // 'content' in document.createElement('template')) { - // // Platform supports webcomponents natively! :-) - // } else { - // // Platform does not support webcomponents--loading polyfills synchronously. - // const scriptTag = document.createElement('script'); - // scriptTag.src = '${webcomponentPath}'; - // scriptTag.async = false; - // document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptTag, document.currentScript.nextSibling); - // } - // - // - // `; - - - const addBackIn = ` -window.addEventListener('WebComponentsReady', function() { - console.warn('WebComponentsReady'); - const loaderTag = document.createElement('script'); - loaderTag.src = 'https://distill.pub/template.v2.js'; - document.head.insertBefore(loaderTag, document.head.firstChild); -}); -`; - - function render(dom) { - // pull out template script tag - const templateTag = dom.querySelector('script[src*="template.v2.js"]'); - if (templateTag) { - templateTag.parentNode.removeChild(templateTag); - } else { - console.debug('FYI: Did not find template tag when trying to remove it. You may not have added it. Be aware that our polyfills will add it.'); - } - - // add loader - const loaderTag = dom.createElement('script'); - loaderTag.src = 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/webcomponentsjs/1.0.17/webcomponents-loader.js'; - dom.head.insertBefore(loaderTag, dom.head.firstChild); - - // add loader event listener to add tempalrte back in - const addTag = dom.createElement('script'); - addTag.innerHTML = addBackIn; - dom.head.insertBefore(addTag, dom.head.firstChild); - - - // create polyfill script tag - // const polyfillScriptTag = dom.createElement('script'); - // polyfillScriptTag.innerHTML = template; - // polyfillScriptTag.id = 'polyfills'; - - // insert at appropriate position--before any other script tag - // const firstScriptTag = dom.head.querySelector('script'); - // dom.head.insertBefore(polyfillScriptTag, firstScriptTag); - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const styles$1 = ` -d-citation-list { - contain: style; -} - -d-citation-list .references { - grid-column: text; -} - -d-citation-list .references .title { - font-weight: 500; -} -`; - - function renderCitationList(element, entries, dom=document) { - if (entries.size > 0) { - element.style.display = ''; - let list = element.querySelector('.references'); - if (list) { - list.innerHTML = ''; - } else { - const stylesTag = dom.createElement('style'); - stylesTag.innerHTML = styles$1; - element.appendChild(stylesTag); - - const heading = dom.createElement('h3'); - heading.id = 'references'; - heading.textContent = 'References'; - element.appendChild(heading); - - list = dom.createElement('ol'); - list.id = 'references-list'; - list.className = 'references'; - element.appendChild(list); - } - - for (const [key, entry] of entries) { - const listItem = dom.createElement('li'); - listItem.id = key; - listItem.innerHTML = bibliography_cite(entry); - list.appendChild(listItem); - } - } else { - element.style.display = 'none'; - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function CitationList(dom, data) { - const citationListTag = dom.querySelector('d-citation-list'); - if (citationListTag) { - const entries = new Map(data.citations.map( citationKey => { - return [citationKey, data.bibliography.get(citationKey)]; - })); - renderCitationList(citationListTag, entries, dom); - citationListTag.setAttribute('distill-prerendered', 'true'); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - // - // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - // You may obtain a copy of the License at - // - // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - // - // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - // limitations under the License. - - /* - Try to only reorder things that MAY be user defined. - Try to use templates etc to define the order of our own tags. - */ - - function render$1(dom) { - const head = dom.head; - - const metaIE = head.querySelector('meta[http-equiv]'); - head.insertBefore(metaIE, head.firstChild); - - const metaViewport = head.querySelector('meta[name=viewport]'); - head.insertBefore(metaViewport, head.firstChild); - - const metaCharset = head.querySelector('meta[charset]'); - head.insertBefore(metaCharset, head.firstChild); - } - - var logo = "\n \n\n"; - - const headerTemplate = ` - -
      - - -
      -`; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function DistillHeader(dom, data) { - const headerTag = dom.querySelector('distill-header'); - if (!headerTag) { - const header = dom.createElement('distill-header'); - header.innerHTML = headerTemplate; - header.setAttribute('distill-prerendered', ""); - const body = dom.querySelector('body'); - body.insertBefore(header, body.firstChild); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const styles$2 = ` - -`; - - function appendixTemplate(frontMatter) { - let html = styles$2; - - if (typeof frontMatter.githubUrl !== 'undefined') { - html += ` -

      Updates and Corrections

      -

      `; - if (frontMatter.githubCompareUpdatesUrl) { - html += `View all changes to this article since it was first published.`; - } - html += ` - If you see mistakes or want to suggest changes, please create an issue on GitHub.

      - `; - } - - const journal = frontMatter.journal; - if (typeof journal !== 'undefined' && journal.title === 'Distill') { - html += ` -

      Reuse

      -

      Diagrams and text are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 with the source available on GitHub, unless noted otherwise. The figures that have been reused from other sources don’t fall under this license and can be recognized by a note in their caption: “Figure from …”.

      - `; - } - - if (typeof frontMatter.publishedDate !== 'undefined') { - html += ` -

      Citation

      -

      For attribution in academic contexts, please cite this work as

      - 
      ${frontMatter.concatenatedAuthors}, "${frontMatter.title}", Distill, ${frontMatter.publishedYear}.
      -

      BibTeX citation

      - 
      ${serializeFrontmatterToBibtex(frontMatter)}
      - `; - } - - return html; - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function DistillAppendix(dom, data) { - - const appendixTag = dom.querySelector('d-appendix'); - if (!appendixTag) { - console.warn('No appendix tag found!'); - return; - } - const distillAppendixTag = appendixTag.querySelector('distill-appendix'); - if (!distillAppendixTag) { - const distillAppendix = dom.createElement('distill-appendix'); - appendixTag.appendChild(distillAppendix); - distillAppendix.innerHTML = appendixTemplate(data); - } - - } - - const footerTemplate = ` - - -
      - - is dedicated to clear explanations of machine learning - -
      - About - Submit - Prize - Archive - RSS - GitHub - Twitter -      ISSN 2476-0757 -
      - -
      - -`; - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - function DistillFooter(dom) { - const footerTag = dom.querySelector('distill-footer'); - if(!footerTag) { - const footer = dom.createElement('distill-footer'); - footer.innerHTML = footerTemplate; - const body = dom.querySelector('body'); - body.appendChild(footer); - } - } - - // Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors - - const extractors = new Map([ - ['ExtractFrontmatter', ExtractFrontmatter], - ['ExtractBibliography', ExtractBibliography], - ['ExtractCitations', ExtractCitations], - ]); - - const transforms = new Map([ - ['HTML', HTML], - ['makeStyleTag', makeStyleTag], - ['OptionalComponents', OptionalComponents], - ['TOC', TOC], - ['Byline', Byline], - ['Mathematics', Mathematics], - ['Meta', Meta], - ['Typeset', Typeset], - ['Polyfills', render], - ['CitationList', CitationList], - ['Reorder', render$1] // keep last - ]); - - const distillTransforms = new Map([ - ['DistillHeader', DistillHeader], - ['DistillAppendix', DistillAppendix], - ['DistillFooter', DistillFooter], - ]); - - /* Exported functions */ - - function render$2(dom, data, verbose=true) { - let frontMatter; - if (data instanceof FrontMatter) { - frontMatter = data; - } else { - frontMatter = FrontMatter.fromObject(data); - } - // first, we collect static data from the dom - for (const [name, extract] of extractors.entries()) { - if (verbose) console.warn('Running extractor: ' + name); - extract(dom, frontMatter, verbose); - } - // secondly we use it to transform parts of the dom - for (const [name, transform] of transforms.entries()) { - if (verbose) console.warn('Running transform: ' + name); - // console.warn('Running transform: ', transform); - transform(dom, frontMatter, verbose); - } - dom.body.setAttribute('distill-prerendered', ''); - // the function calling us can now use the transformed dom and filled data object - if (data instanceof FrontMatter) ; else { - frontMatter.assignToObject(data); - } - } - - function distillify(dom, data, verbose=true) { - // thirdly, we can use these additional transforms when publishing on the Distill website - for (const [name, transform] of distillTransforms.entries()) { - if (verbose) console.warn('Running distillify: ', name); - transform(dom, data, verbose); - } - } - - function usesTemplateV2(dom) { - const tags = dom.querySelectorAll('script'); - let usesV2 = undefined; - for (const tag of tags) { - const src = tag.src; - if (src.includes('template.v1.js')) { - usesV2 = false; - } else if (src.includes('template.v2.js')) { - usesV2 = true; - } else if (src.includes('template.')) { - throw new Error('Uses distill template, but unknown version?!'); - } - } - - if (usesV2 === undefined) { - throw new Error('Does not seem to use Distill template at all.'); - } else { - return usesV2; - } - } - - const testing = { - extractors: extractors, - transforms: transforms, - distillTransforms: distillTransforms - }; - - exports.FrontMatter = FrontMatter; - exports.distillify = distillify; - exports.render = render$2; - exports.testing = testing; - exports.usesTemplateV2 = usesTemplateV2; - - Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true }); - -}))); -//# sourceMappingURL=transforms.v2.js.map +// Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors +const me='/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nhtml {\n font-size: 14px;\n\tline-height: 1.6em;\n /* font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; */\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;\n /*, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";*/\n text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n html {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\nbody {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\na {\n color: #004276;\n}\n\nfigure {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\ntable {\n\tborder-collapse: collapse;\n\tborder-spacing: 0;\n}\n\ntable th {\n\ttext-align: left;\n}\n\ntable thead {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);\n}\n\ntable thead th {\n padding-bottom: 0.5em;\n}\n\ntable tbody :first-child td {\n padding-top: 0.5em;\n}\n\npre {\n overflow: auto;\n max-width: 100%;\n}\n\np {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\nsup, sub {\n vertical-align: baseline;\n position: relative;\n top: -0.4em;\n line-height: 1em;\n}\n\nsub {\n top: 0.4em;\n}\n\n.kicker,\n.marker {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n}\n\n\n/* Headline */\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-title h1 span {\n display: block;\n }\n}\n\n/* Figure */\n\nfigure {\n position: relative;\n margin-bottom: 2.5em;\n margin-top: 1.5em;\n}\n\nfigcaption+figure {\n\n}\n\nfigure img {\n width: 100%;\n}\n\nfigure svg text,\nfigure svg tspan {\n}\n\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.5em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\nfigcaption,\n.figcaption {\n font-size: 13px;\n }\n}\n\nfigure.external img {\n background: white;\n border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n box-shadow: 0 1px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding: 18px;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\nfigcaption a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nfigcaption b,\nfigcaption strong, {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@supports not (display: grid) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n display: block;\n padding: 8px;\n }\n}\n\n.base-grid,\ndistill-header,\nd-title,\nd-abstract,\nd-article,\nd-appendix,\ndistill-appendix,\nd-byline,\nd-footnote-list,\nd-citation-list,\ndistill-footer {\n display: grid;\n justify-items: stretch;\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 8px [page-start kicker-start text-start gutter-start middle-start] 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr [text-end page-end gutter-end kicker-end middle-end] 8px [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n.grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-column-gap: 8px;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start middle-start text-start] 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px 45px [ kicker-end text-end gutter-start] 45px [middle-end] 45px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1000px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 50px [middle-start] 50px [text-start kicker-end] 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px 50px [text-end gutter-start] 50px [middle-end] 50px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1180px) {\n .base-grid,\n distill-header,\n d-title,\n d-abstract,\n d-article,\n d-appendix,\n distill-appendix,\n d-byline,\n d-footnote-list,\n d-citation-list,\n distill-footer {\n grid-template-columns: [screen-start] 1fr [page-start kicker-start] 60px [middle-start] 60px [text-start kicker-end] 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px 60px [text-end gutter-start] 60px [middle-end] 60px [page-end gutter-end] 1fr [screen-end];\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n\n .grid {\n grid-column-gap: 32px;\n }\n}\n\n\n\n\n.base-grid {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n/* .l-body,\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page,\nd-title > *,\nd-figure {\n grid-column: page;\n} */\n\n.l-gutter {\n grid-column: gutter;\n}\n\n.l-text,\n.l-body {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n.l-page {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-body-outset {\n grid-column: middle;\n}\n\n.l-page-outset {\n grid-column: page;\n}\n\n.l-screen {\n grid-column: screen;\n}\n\n.l-screen-inset {\n grid-column: screen;\n padding-left: 16px;\n padding-left: 16px;\n}\n\n\n/* Aside */\n\nd-article aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n font-size: 12px;\n line-height: 1.6em;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n aside {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n\n .side {\n grid-column: gutter;\n }\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-title {\n padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title {\n padding: 4rem 0 1.5rem;\n }\n}\n\nd-title h1 {\n grid-column: text;\n font-size: 40px;\n font-weight: 700;\n line-height: 1.1em;\n margin: 0 0 0.5rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-title h1 {\n font-size: 50px;\n }\n}\n\nd-title p {\n font-weight: 300;\n font-size: 1.2rem;\n line-height: 1.55em;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\nd-title .status {\n margin-top: 0px;\n font-size: 12px;\n color: #009688;\n opacity: 0.8;\n grid-column: kicker;\n}\n\nd-title .status span {\n line-height: 1;\n display: inline-block;\n padding: 6px 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid #80cbc4;\n font-size: 11px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-byline {\n contain: style;\n overflow: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n line-height: 1.8em;\n padding: 1.5rem 0;\n min-height: 1.8em;\n}\n\n\nd-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .byline {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline .authors-affiliations {\n grid-column-end: span 2;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-byline .authors-affiliations {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n }\n}\n\nd-byline h3 {\n font-size: 0.6rem;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n margin: 0;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n}\n\nd-byline p {\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nd-byline a,\nd-article d-byline a {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n text-decoration: none;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-article d-byline a:hover {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-bottom: none;\n}\n\nd-byline p.author {\n font-weight: 500;\n}\n\nd-byline .affiliations {\n\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\nd-article {\n contain: layout style;\n overflow-x: hidden;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-top: 2rem;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article > * {\n grid-column: text;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 768px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 16px;\n }\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article {\n font-size: 1.06rem;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n }\n}\n\n\n/* H2 */\n\n\nd-article .marker {\n text-decoration: none;\n border: none;\n counter-reset: section;\n grid-column: kicker;\n line-height: 1.7em;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover {\n border: none;\n}\n\nd-article .marker span {\n padding: 0 3px 4px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n position: relative;\n top: 4px;\n}\n\nd-article .marker:hover span {\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);\n}\n\nd-article h2 {\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 24px;\n line-height: 1.25em;\n margin: 2rem 0 1.5rem 0;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n padding-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h2 {\n font-size: 36px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H3 */\n\nd-article h3 {\n font-weight: 700;\n font-size: 18px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-top: 2em;\n}\n\n@media(min-width: 1024px) {\n d-article h3 {\n font-size: 20px;\n }\n}\n\n/* H4 */\n\nd-article h4 {\n font-weight: 600;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n font-size: 14px;\n line-height: 1.4em;\n}\n\nd-article a {\n color: inherit;\n}\n\nd-article p,\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol,\nd-article blockquote {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n margin-right: 0;\n}\n\nd-article blockquote {\n border-left: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);\n padding-left: 2em;\n font-style: italic;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n}\n\nd-article a {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);\n text-decoration: none;\n}\n\nd-article a:hover {\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n}\n\nd-article .link {\n text-decoration: underline;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-article ul,\nd-article ol {\n padding-left: 24px;\n}\n\nd-article li {\n margin-bottom: 1em;\n margin-left: 0;\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nd-article li:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n\nd-article pre {\n font-size: 14px;\n margin-bottom: 20px;\n}\n\nd-article hr {\n grid-column: screen;\n width: 100%;\n border: none;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article section {\n margin-top: 60px;\n margin-bottom: 60px;\n}\n\nd-article span.equation-mimic {\n font-family: georgia;\n font-size: 115%;\n font-style: italic;\n}\n\nd-article > d-code,\nd-article section > d-code {\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-article > d-math[block],\nd-article section > d-math[block] {\n display: block;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n d-article > d-code,\n d-article section > d-code,\n d-article > d-math[block],\n d-article section > d-math[block] {\n overflow-x: scroll;\n -ms-overflow-style: none; // IE 10+\n overflow: -moz-scrollbars-none; // Firefox\n }\n\n d-article > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-code::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar,\n d-article section > d-math[block]::-webkit-scrollbar {\n display: none; // Safari and Chrome\n }\n}\n\nd-article .citation {\n color: #668;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\nd-include {\n width: auto;\n display: block;\n}\n\nd-figure {\n contain: layout style;\n}\n\n/* KaTeX */\n\n.katex, .katex-prerendered {\n contain: style;\n display: inline-block;\n}\n\n/* Tables */\n\nd-article table {\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 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*/\n\nspan.katex-display {\n text-align: left;\n padding: 8px 0 8px 0;\n margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;\n}\n\nspan.katex {\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);\n font-size: 1.18em;\n}\n'+'/*\n * Copyright 2018 The Distill Template Authors\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n *\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n *\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.\n * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n * limitations under the License.\n */\n\n@media print {\n\n @page {\n size: 8in 11in;\n @bottom-right {\n content: counter(page) " of " counter(pages);\n }\n }\n\n html {\n /* no general margins -- CSS 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      \n \n \n
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      \n\n is dedicated to clear explanations of machine learning\n\n
      \n About\n Submit\n Prize\n Archive\n RSS\n GitHub\n Twitter\n      ISSN 2476-0757\n
      \n\n
      \n\n`,ke=new Map([["ExtractFrontmatter",a],["ExtractBibliography",p],["ExtractCitations",w]]),Me=new Map([["HTML",k],["makeStyleTag",R],["OptionalComponents",z],["TOC",O],["Byline",S],["Mathematics",A],["Meta",T],["Typeset",q],["Polyfills",I],["CitationList",P],["Reorder",j]]),Se=new Map([["DistillHeader",F],["DistillAppendix",U],["DistillFooter",Y]]),ze={extractors:ke,transforms:Me,distillTransforms:Se};e.FrontMatter=ne,e.distillify=G,e.render=V,e.testing=ze,e.usesTemplateV2=W,Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/masonry.js b/assets/js/masonry.js index 054f3a080ce0..57fd6fe562c6 100644 --- a/assets/js/masonry.js +++ b/assets/js/masonry.js @@ -1,12 +1 @@ -$(document).ready(function() { - // Init Masonry - var $grid = $('.grid').masonry({ - gutter: 10, - horizontalOrder: true, - itemSelector: '.grid-item', - }); - // Layout Masonry after each image loads - $grid.imagesLoaded().progress( function() { - $grid.masonry('layout'); - }); -}); +$(document).ready(function(){var r=$(".grid").masonry({gutter:10,horizontalOrder:!0,itemSelector:".grid-item"});r.imagesLoaded().progress(function(){r.masonry("layout")})}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/theme.js b/assets/js/theme.js index f6c9cdf715a4..55f4fd8e487a 100644 --- a/assets/js/theme.js +++ b/assets/js/theme.js @@ -1,64 +1 @@ -// Has to be in the head tag, otherwise a flicker effect will occur. - -let toggleTheme = (theme) => { - if (theme == "dark") { - setTheme("light"); - } else { - setTheme("dark"); - } -} - - -let setTheme = (theme) => { - transTheme(); - setHighlight(theme); - - if (theme) { - document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme", theme); - } - else { - document.documentElement.removeAttribute("data-theme"); - } - localStorage.setItem("theme", theme); - - // Updates the background of medium-zoom overlay. - if (typeof medium_zoom !== 'undefined') { - medium_zoom.update({ - background: getComputedStyle(document.documentElement) - .getPropertyValue('--global-bg-color') + 'ee', // + 'ee' for trasparency. - }) - } -}; - -let setHighlight = (theme) => { - if (theme == "dark") { - document.getElementById("highlight_theme_light").media = "none"; - document.getElementById("highlight_theme_dark").media = ""; - } else { - document.getElementById("highlight_theme_dark").media = "none"; - document.getElementById("highlight_theme_light").media = ""; - } -} - - -let transTheme = () => { - document.documentElement.classList.add("transition"); - window.setTimeout(() => { - document.documentElement.classList.remove("transition"); - }, 500) -} - - -let initTheme = (theme) => { - if (theme == null || theme == 'null') { - const userPref = window.matchMedia; - if (userPref && userPref('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { - theme = 'dark'; - } - } - - setTheme(theme); -} - - -initTheme(localStorage.getItem("theme")); +let toggleTheme=e=>{setTheme("dark"==e?"light":"dark")},setTheme=e=>{transTheme(),setHighlight(e),e?document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",e):document.documentElement.removeAttribute("data-theme"),localStorage.setItem("theme",e),"undefined"!=typeof medium_zoom&&medium_zoom.update({background:getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--global-bg-color")+"ee"})},setHighlight=e=>{"dark"==e?(document.getElementById("highlight_theme_light").media="none",document.getElementById("highlight_theme_dark").media=""):(document.getElementById("highlight_theme_dark").media="none",document.getElementById("highlight_theme_light").media="")},transTheme=()=>{document.documentElement.classList.add("transition"),window.setTimeout(()=>{document.documentElement.classList.remove("transition")},500)},initTheme=e=>{if(null==e||"null"==e){const t=window.matchMedia;t&&t("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches&&(e="dark")}setTheme(e)};initTheme(localStorage.getItem("theme")); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/zoom.js b/assets/js/zoom.js index c8610d6118dd..2a8bc1fb86f7 100644 --- a/assets/js/zoom.js +++ b/assets/js/zoom.js @@ -1,8 +1 @@ -// Initialize medium zoom. -$(document).ready(function() { - medium_zoom = mediumZoom('[data-zoomable]', { - margin: 100, - background: getComputedStyle(document.documentElement) - .getPropertyValue('--global-bg-color') + 'ee', // + 'ee' for trasparency. - }) -}); +$(document).ready(function(){medium_zoom=mediumZoom("[data-zoomable]",{margin:100,background:getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue("--global-bg-color")+"ee"})}); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/cibuild b/bin/cibuild deleted file mode 100755 index d5c9e1956fe7..000000000000 --- a/bin/cibuild +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -bundle exec jekyll build diff --git a/bin/deploy b/bin/deploy deleted file mode 100755 index 6797268f1424..000000000000 --- a/bin/deploy +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env bash - -# Run this script to deploy the app to Github Pages - -# Parse cmd arguments - -SRC_BRANCH="master" -DEPLOY_BRANCH="gh-pages" - -USAGE_MSG="usage: deploy [-h|--help] [-u|--user] [-s|--src SRC_BRANCH] [-d|--deploy DEPLOY_BRANCH] [--verbose] [--no-push]" - -while [[ $# > 0 ]]; do - key="$1" - - case $key in - -h|--help) - echo $USAGE_MSG - exit 0 - ;; - -u|--user) - ;; - -s|--src) - SRC_BRANCH="$2" - shift - ;; - -d|--deploy) - DEPLOY_BRANCH="$2" - shift - ;; - --verbose) - set -x - ;; - --no-push) - NO_PUSH="--no-push" - ;; - *) - echo "Option $1 is unknown." >&2 - echo $USAGE_MSG >&2 - exit 1 - ;; - esac - shift -done - -# Exit if any subcommand fails -set -e - -echo "Deploying..." -echo "Source branch: $SRC_BRANCH" -echo "Deploy branch: $DEPLOY_BRANCH" - -read -r -p "Do you want to proceed? [y/N] " response -if [[ ! $response =~ ^([yY][eE][sS]|[yY])+$ ]] -then - echo "Aborting." - [[ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ]] && exit 1 || return 1 -fi - -# Check if there are any uncommitted changes -if ! git diff-index --quiet HEAD --; then - echo "Changes to the following files are uncommitted:" - git diff-index --name-only HEAD -- - echo "Please commit the changes before proceeding." - echo "Aborting." - [[ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ]] && exit 1 || return 1 -fi - -# Check if there are any untracked files -if ! test -z "$(git ls-files --exclude-standard --others)"; then - echo "There are untracked files:" - git ls-files --exclude-standard --others - echo "Please commit those files or stash them before proceeding." - echo "Aborting." - [[ "$0" = "$BASH_SOURCE" ]] && exit 1 || return 1 -fi - -# Switch to source branch (creates it if necessary from the current branch) -if [ `git branch | grep $SRC_BRANCH | tr ' ' '\n' | tail -1` ] -then - git checkout $SRC_BRANCH -else - git checkout -b $SRC_BRANCH -fi - -# Checkout DEPLOY_BRANCH branch -if [ `git branch | grep $DEPLOY_BRANCH` ] -then - git branch -D $DEPLOY_BRANCH -fi -git checkout -b $DEPLOY_BRANCH - -# Export JEKYLL_ENV=production -export JEKYLL_ENV=production - -# Build site -bundle exec jekyll build - -# Delete and move files -find . -maxdepth 1 ! -name '_site' ! -name '.git' ! -name 'CNAME' ! -name '.gitignore' -exec rm -rf {} \; -mv _site/* . -rm -R _site/ - -# Create `.nojekyll` file (bypass GitHub Pages Jekyll processing) -touch .nojekyll - -# Push to DEPLOY_BRANCH -git add -fA -git commit --allow-empty -m "$(git log -1 --pretty=%B) [ci skip]" -[[ ${NO_PUSH} ]] || git push -f -q origin $DEPLOY_BRANCH - -# Move back to SRC_BRANCH -git checkout $SRC_BRANCH - -echo "Deployed successfully!" - -exit 0 diff --git a/bin/docker_build_image.sh b/bin/docker_build_image.sh deleted file mode 100755 index fe208afbf7ae..000000000000 --- a/bin/docker_build_image.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ - FILE=Gemfile.lock -if [ -f "$FILE" ]; then - rm $FILE -fi - docker build -t "al-folio:latest" . \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/docker_run.sh b/bin/docker_run.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 9c3d3d8a0abb..000000000000 --- a/bin/docker_run.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -FILE=Gemfile.lock -if [ -f "$FILE" ]; then - rm $FILE -fi -docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/srv/jekyll/" -p "8080:8080" \ - -it al-folio:latest bundler \ - exec jekyll serve --watch --port=8080 --host=0.0.0.0 \ - --verbose --livereload \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bin/dockerhub_run.sh b/bin/dockerhub_run.sh deleted file mode 100755 index ac6a14e9ef2f..000000000000 --- a/bin/dockerhub_run.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8 +0,0 @@ -FILE=Gemfile.lock -if [ -f "$FILE" ]; then - rm $FILE -fi -docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/srv/jekyll/" -p "8080:8080" \ - -it amirpourmand/al-folio bundler \ - exec jekyll serve --watch --port=8080 --host=0.0.0.0 \ - --verbose --livereload diff --git a/blog/2021/index.html b/blog/2021/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9edd1c76d1fe --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2021/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 2021 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      2021

      an archive of posts from this year

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2021/twitter-DNNSim/index.html b/blog/2021/twitter-DNNSim/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..499acecda9bd --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2021/twitter-DNNSim/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + An interesting Project - DNN Simulator | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      An interesting Project - DNN Simulator

      December 19, 2021

      2021   ·   twitter  

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2022/index.html b/blog/2022/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0d43bef15faf --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2022/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 2022 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      2022

      an archive of posts from this year

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2022/twitter-ARKitScenes/index.html b/blog/2022/twitter-ARKitScenes/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..068c85d0035a --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2022/twitter-ARKitScenes/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + A New large-scale 3D LiDAR dataset from Apple | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      A New large-scale 3D LiDAR dataset from Apple

      January 9, 2022

      2022   ·   twitter  

      A New large-scale 3D LiDAR dataset from Apple

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      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/docker_install/index.html b/blog/2024/docker_install/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..97c07d7513a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/docker_install/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines

      June 25, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   docker,   nvidia,   commands  

      Introduction

      To run Docker with accessibility of GPU and CUDA support, NVIDIA Docker has to be installed on the machine. Docker is a tool that encapsulates the environments, e.g, CUDA, CUDNN and all kinds of libraries and dependencies in a container without messing up the machine’s environment. This is especially beneficial when we are duplicating some methods that use other packages e.g., Tensorflow Pytorch, Keras, Caffe, MXNet., or depending on old/new CUDA and CUDNN versions.

      Installation

      [!WARNING]
      Warning: we will remove the Docker originally installed on the Machines by SNAP, and re-install capable Docker using apt-get

      Step 1 remove docker install from SNAP

      Remove docker

      $ sudo snap remove --purge docker
+2022-10-03T18:37:22Z INFO Waiting for "snap.docker.dockerd.service" to stop.
+docker removed
+

      To check if there is still docker installed by apt-get

      $ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
+Reading package lists... Done
+Building dependency tree... Done
+Reading state information... Done
+Package 'docker-engine' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'containerd' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'runc' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'docker' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'docker.io' is not installed, so not removed
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 42 not upgraded.
+

      Step 2 Install Docker from APT

      Follow the steps in Docker official document: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

      Step 3 Reboot server

      $ sudo reboot
+

      Step 4 Test Docker with sudo

      $ sudo service docker start
+$ sudo docker run hello-world
+
+Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
+latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
+2db29710123e: Pull complete 
+Digest: sha256:62af9efd515a25f84961b70f973a798d2eca956b1b2b026d0a4a63a3b0b6a3f2
+Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
+
+Hello from Docker!
+This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
+
+To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
+ 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
+ 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
+    (amd64)
+ 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
+    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
+ 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
+    to your terminal.
+
+To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
+ $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
+
+Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
+ https://hub.docker.com/
+
+For more examples and ideas, visit:
+ https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
+
+

      Step 5 Install NVIDIA Docker

      Follow the steps in NVIDIA Docker official document: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html#docker

      Step 6 Test NVIDIA Docker with sudo

      $ sudo  docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi
+

      Troubleshooting

      Error response from daemon

      $ sudo  docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi
+docker: Error response from daemon: could not select device driver "" with capabilities: [[gpu]].
+

      This is the Snap issue, please follow step 1. Reference.

      Cannot connect to the Docker daemon

      $ sudo docker run hello-world
+docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?.
+See 'docker run --help'.
+

      This is the permission issue after installing Docker from apt-get. For our machine, we could just restart the docker and test it after reboot. Please see step 3 and step 4. Reference.

      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/hippo_matrices/index.html b/blog/2024/hippo_matrices/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..73a94c6181c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/hippo_matrices/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + HiPPO Matrices | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      HiPPO Matrices

      July 11, 2024

      2024   ·   ml,   algorithm,   SSM  

      Table of Contents


      Introduction

      This document provides the mathematic derivations of the HiPPO matrices that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references.


      Derive HiPPO Matrices

      The contents are extracted and summarized from the original paper [1], but we show more details in the derivations to help people to understand.


      Backgrounds

      HiPPO considers a linear time-invariant (LTI) ODEs such that

      \[\Large \begin{aligned} \dot{c}(t)=Ac(t)+Bf(t) . \end{aligned}\]

      1. \(c(t)\) is the coefficient vector that describes the combination of the basis functions, which corresponds to the state vector \(h(t)\) in the continuous state space model.

      2. \(f(t)\) is the input signal that corresponds to the input vector \(x(t)\) in the continuous state space model.

      3. \(\dot{c}(t)\) is the system dynamics that represents a compression of the history of \(f\) that satisfies linear dynamics.


      Approximation

      Given a time-varying measure family \(u^{(t)}\) supported on \(( -\inf, t]\), a sequence of basis functions \(\mathcal{G} = \text{span} \{ {g_n}^{(t)} \}_{n \in [N]}\)] , and a continuous function \(f: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0} \mapsto \mathbb{R}\), HiPPO defines an operator that maps \(f\) to the optimal projection coefficients \(c: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0}\mapsto \mathbb{R}^N\), such that

      \[\Large \begin{aligned} g^{(t)} = \text{argmin}_{g \in \mathcal{G}}\left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}} \end{aligned} \quad \text{and} \quad \Large \begin{aligned} g^{(t)} = \sum^{N-1}_{n=0} c_n(t) g_n^{(t)} \end{aligned}\]


      Measures

      At every \(t\), the approximation quality is defined with respect to a measure \(\mu^{(t)}\) supported on \((-\infty, t]\). We seek some polynomial \(g^{(t)}\) of degree at most \(N-1\) that minimizes the error \(\begin{aligned} \left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g^{(t)}\right\rVert_{L_2(\mu^{(t)})} \end{aligned}\). Suppose the measures \(\mu^{(t)}\) are sufficiently smooth across their domain as well as in time and have desities \(\begin{aligned} \omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}}{d\lambda}(x) \end{aligned}\) with respect to the Lebesgue measure \(d\lambda(x)=dx\) such that \(\omega\) is \(C^1\) almost everywhere. Therefore, we have \(\begin{aligned} \omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}(x)}{dx} \end{aligned}\). Thus, integrating against \(d\mu^{(t)}(x)\) can be rewritten as integrating against \(\omega(t, x)dx\). That is \(\begin{aligned} \int d\mu^{(t)}(x) = \int \omega(t, x)dx \end{aligned}\).


      Orthogonal Polynomial Basis

      We can use a sequence of orthogonal polynomials (OPs) as our basis to approximate the continuous function \(f\). A sequence of OPs \(P_0(x), P_1(x), ...\) satisfying:

      1. \(\text{deg}(P_i)=i\), and

      2. \(\langle P_i, P_j \rangle = \int P_i(x) P_j(x) d\mu(x) = 0\) for all \(i \neq j\)

      A sequence of OPs \(g = \{P_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) of degree \(\text{deg}(g)<N\) that approximate a function \(f\) is then given by

      \[\begin{aligned} & \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} c_i \frac{P_i(x)}{\left\lVert P_i\right\rVert^2_\mu} \quad \text{where } c_i = \langle f, P_i \rangle = \int f(x)P_i(x)d\mu(x) \\ \end{aligned}.\]

      This projects an input sequence signal onto a sequence of OPs, and \(c_i\) describes the magnitude of the \(P_i\) to reconstruct the input signal.

      Let \(\{P_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) denote a sequence of OPs with respect to some base measure \(\mu\). Similarly, define \(\{ {P_n}^{(t)} \}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) to be a sequence of OPs with respect to the time-varying measure \(\mu^{(t)}\). Let \({p_n}^{(t)}\) be the normalized version of \({P_n}^{(t)}\) (i.e., have norm 1), and define \(\begin{aligned} p_n(t, x) = {p_n}^{(t)}(x) \end{aligned}\). The \({P_n}^{(t)}\) are not required to be normalized, while the \({p_n}^{(t)}\) are.


      Tilted Measure and Basis

      The goal is simply to store a compressed representation of functions, which can use any basis, not necessarily OPs. For any scaling function \(\begin{aligned} \chi(t, x) = \chi^{(t)}(x) \end{aligned}\) such that \(p_n(x)\chi(x)\) are orthogonal with respect to the density \(\omega/\chi^2\) at every time \(t\). Thus, we can choose this alternative basis and measure to perform the projections.

      Define \(\nu\) to be the normalized measure with density proportional to \(\omega^{t}/(\chi^{(t)})^2\). We will calculate the normalized measure and the orthonormal basis for it.

      Let \(\zeta(t)\) to be the normalization constant: \(\begin{aligned} \zeta(t) = \int \frac{\omega}{\chi^2} = \int \frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{({\chi^{(t)}(x)})^2}dx \end{aligned}\) , so that \(\nu^{(t)}\) has density \(\frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)}(x))^2}\) If \(\chi(t, x) = 1\) (no tilting), this constant is \(\chi(t) = 1\).

      Note that (dropping the dependence on x inside the integral for shorthand)

      \[\begin{aligned} \left\lVert \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\nu^{(t)}}^2 &= \int {( \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)})}^2 \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int (p_n^{(t)})^2 \omega^{(t)} \\ &= \left\lVert p_n^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}}^2 = 1 \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Thus we define the orthogonal basis for \(\nu^{(t)}\) (normalized measurement)

      \[\Large \label{orthogonal_basis} \tag{eq:1} \begin{aligned} {g_n}^{(t)} = \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}, \quad n \in \mathbb{N} \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\Large \label{gn_gm} \tag{eq:2} \begin{aligned} \langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_m}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} = \lambda_n^2 \delta_{n,m} \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Note that when \(\lambda_n=\pm1\), the basis \(\{ {g_n}^{(t)} \}\) is an orthonormal basis with respect to the measure \(\nu^{(t)}\), at every time \(t\). Notationally, let \({g_n}^{(t)}(x)=g_n(t, x)\) as usual.


      The Projection and Coefficients

      Given a choice of measures \(\nu\) and basis functions \(g\), we compute the coefficients \(c(t)\) to approximate a \(C^1\)-smooth function which is seen online \(f(x)_{x \leq t}\).


      Approximate Input Function

      We project the input function \(f\) to basis functions \(g\), and \(c(t)\) is the coefficient vector that describes the magnitude of the basis functions. Using the result from the formula [eq:1], we have

      \[\label{approx_f} \tag{eq:3} \begin{aligned} c_n(t) &= \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} \\ &= \int f \textcolor{red}{ {g_n}^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int f \textcolor{red} { \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int f \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} \end{aligned}\]


      Reconstruct Input Function

      The function \(f\) can be approximated by storing its coefficients with respect to the basis. At any time \(t\), \(f(x)_{x \leq t}\) can be explicitly reconstructed by using \(c_n(t) = \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}}\) and the formula [eq:2], such that

      \[\label{reconstruct} \tag{eq:4} \begin{aligned} f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red} { \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ \langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{\lambda_n^2} } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-2} c_n(t) {g_n}^{(t)} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ \end{aligned}\]


      Coefficient Dynamics

      The coefficients \(c(t)\) encode information about the history of \(f\) and allow online predictions. We compute these coefficients over time by viewing them as a dynamical system. Differentiating \(c_n(t)\), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt}( \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} ) \\ &= \frac{d}{dt}( \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ {p_n}^{(t)} } \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} } ) \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}({p_n}^{(t)}) } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} + \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} ) } \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f(x) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} p_n(t, x)) \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x) dx + \int f(x) (\zeta^{-\frac{1}{2}}\lambda_n p_n(t, x)) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x)) dx \quad. \end{aligned}\]


      Case: HiPPO-LegS


      Properties of Legendre Polynomials

      An especially compact expression for the Legendre polynomials is given by Rodrigues’ formula [4]:

      \[\begin{aligned} P_n(x) = \frac{1}{2^n n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n}(x^2 - 1)^n . \end{aligned}\]

      The first few Legendre polynomials are:

      \[\begin{aligned} P_0(x) &= 1 \\ P_1(x) &= x \\ P_2(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (3x^2 - 1) \\ P_3(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (5x^3 - 3x) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      The Legendre polynomials are orthogonal over \((-1,1)\) with respect to the measure \(\omega^{leg}=\boldsymbol{1}_{[-1, 1]}\) and they satisfy

      \[\label{legendre} \tag{eq:5} \begin{aligned} \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{-1}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\delta_{mn}\) is Kronecker delta, equal to \(1\) if \(m = n\) and to \(0\) otherwise, such that

      \[\begin{aligned} \delta_{mn} = \begin{cases} 0,& \text{if } m \neq n \\ 1,& \text{if } m = n \\ \end{cases} \end{aligned}\]

      Also, they satisfy

      \[\begin{aligned} P_n(1) = 1 \\ P_n(-1) = (-1)^n \\ \end{aligned}\]

      so called "Pointwise evaluations".


      Shifted and Scaled Legendre Polynomials

      The "shifted" Legendre polynomials are a set of functions analogous to the Legendre polynomials, but defined on the interval \((0, 1)\) [5]. They obey the orthogonality relationship

      \[\begin{aligned} (2n+1)\int_{0}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} \end{aligned}\]

      We will also consider scaling the Legendre polynomials to be orthogonal on the interval \([0, t]\). Let \(u=\frac{2x}{t}-1\), and apply a change of variables from [eq:5]

      \[\begin{aligned} & \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{u=-1}^{u=1} P_n(u) P_m(u) du \\ & \text{since } u = \frac{2x}{t}-1 \text{ , we have } du = \frac{2}{t}dx \\ & \text{since } x = \frac{t}{2}(u+1) \text{ , we have } x = 0 \text{ when } u=-1 \text{ ,and } x=t \text{ when } u=1 \\ & \text{replace } u \text{ with } x \\ &= \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{2}{t}dx \\ &= (2n+1)\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t}dx \\ &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ &= \delta_{nm} \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, with respect to the measure \(\omega_t=\boldsymbol{1}_{[0, t]} / t\) (which is a probability measure for all t), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \omega_{t}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) dx \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Then, the normalized orthogonal polynomials in the interval \([0, t]\) with starting point is \(\textcolor{red}{0}\) and step size \(\textcolor{green}{t}\) are

      \[\begin{aligned} (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1). \quad \left( =(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-\textcolor{red}{0})}{\textcolor{green}{t}}-1) \right) \end{aligned}\]

      Generalize to any interval \([t-\theta, t]\), we use \(\textcolor{red}{t-\theta}\) as the starting point and \(\textcolor{green}{\theta}\) as the step size. After replacing the notation, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} &(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x - \textcolor{red}{ (t-\theta)}) }{\textcolor{green}{\theta}}-1) \\ &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x-2t+2\theta}{\theta} - 1) \\ &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-t)}{\theta} + 1) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      , which is orthonormal for the uniform measure \(\omega_\theta= \frac{1}{ \theta}\boldsymbol{1}_{[t-\theta, t]}\)


      Derivatives of Legendre Polynomials

      use the following recurrence relations (the integration of Legendre polynomial [4])

      \[\label{legendre_recur_1} \tag{eq:6} \begin{aligned} (2n+1)P_n &= P'_{n+1} - P'_{n-1} \end{aligned}\]

      and

      \[\label{legendre_recur_2} \tag{eq:7} \begin{aligned} P'_{n+1} &= (n+1)P_n + xP'_n \end{aligned}\]

      The first equation [eq:6] yields

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] P'_{n+1} &= (2\mathbf{n}+1)P_\mathbf{n} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} \\ \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-2})+1)P_\mathbf{n-2} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} \\ \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-4})+1)P_\mathbf{n-4} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-5}} \\ ... \end{aligned} \quad\quad \begin{aligned}[c] P'_{n} &= (2(\mathbf{n-1})+1)P_\mathbf{n-1} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} \\ \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-3})+1)P_\mathbf{n-3} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} \\ \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-5})+1)P_\mathbf{n-5} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-6}} \\ ... \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & P'_{n+1} = (2n+1)P_n + (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \quad \text{ and} \\ & P'_n = (2n-1)P_{n-1} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-9)P_{n-5} ... \end{aligned}\]

      where the sum stops at \(P_0\) or \(P_1\). By summing \(P'_{n+1} + P'_n\), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{(2n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{nP_n + (n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \text{ (using eq:7)}\\ & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = nP_n + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n+1} - xP'_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ & P'_n \textcolor{green}{+ xP'_n} = nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\label{legendre_result} \tag{eq:8} \begin{aligned} (x+1)P'_n(x) &= nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ \end{aligned}\]

      We will use the result [eq:8] to derive HiPPO-LegS.


      Derive HiPPO-LegS

      Now we have the measure \(\omega(t, x) = \frac{1}{t}\mathbb{1}_{[0,t]}\) and the basis

      \[g_n(t, x) = p_n(t, x) = (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1)\]

      where \(P_n\) are the basic Legendre polynomials.

      Since the basis functions \(g_n(t, x)\) are orthonormal with respect to the measure, we have the tiling function \(\chi(t, x) = 1\) (no tilting), \(\zeta(t, x) = 1\), \(\lambda_n=1\)

      Plug \(\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n\) into [eq:3], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} c_n(t) &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} = \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Derivatives

      We first differentiate the measure and basis:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega(t, \cdot) &= -t^{-2} \mathbb{1}_{[0, t]} + t^{-1} \delta_t = t^{-1} (-\omega(t) + \delta_t) \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}2xt^{-2} {P'}_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \\ &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}+1) {P'}_n(\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}) \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Now define \(z = \frac{2x}{t} - 1\) and apply the result of derivatives of Legendre polynomials in the equation [eq:8].

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (z+1) {P'}_n(z) \\ &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} [nP_n(z) + (2n-1)P_{n-1}(z) + (2n-3)P_{n-2}(z) + ...] \\ & \left( \text{using } \quad (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) = P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) = P_n(z)\right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}(t, x) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}(t, x) + ...] \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}^{(t)} + ...] \\ \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Coefficient Dynamics
      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt} ( \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx) \\ &= \int f (\textcolor{red}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n^{(t)}}) \omega^{(t)} dx + \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega^{(t)}} dx \\ &= \int f \left( \textcolor{red}{ -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[ n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + ...\right] } \right) \omega^{(t)} dx + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t)} dx \right) \\ &= \left( -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_{n-1}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + ...\right] \right) + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-1}(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-2}(t)} + ...] + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] + \left( - t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)}dx} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \delta_t dx} \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] -t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{c_n(t)} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) g_{n}^{(t)}(t)} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] -t^{-1} c_n(t) + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(1)} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] \textcolor{red}{-t^{-1}c_n(t)} + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [\textcolor{red}{(n+1)} (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ \end{aligned}\]

      For example:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_0(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [1 c_0(t)] \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_1(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_1(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [2 c_1(t) + 3^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_2(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_2(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1(t)+ (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] \\ & \quad = -\frac{1}{t} [3 c_2(t) + 5^{\frac{1}{2}}3^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1+ 5^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ & ... \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_n(t) + \sum_{k=n-1}^{0}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_k(t)] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Writing the result into the matrix form:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} A c(t) + \frac{1}{t} B f(t) \end{aligned}\]

      where

      \[\begin{aligned} A_{nk} &= \begin{cases} (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}},& \text{if } n > k \\ n+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ \end{cases} \\ B &= (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \end{aligned}\]

      We can also write the result into the form: \(\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} D[ MD^{-1}c(t) + \mathbb{1} f(t)] \end{aligned}\)

      where

      \[\begin{aligned} D &= \text{diag}[(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}]_0^{n-1} \\ M_{nk} &= \begin{cases} 2k+1,& \text{if } n > k \\ k+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ \end{cases} \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Reconstruction

      Plug \(\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n\) into [eq:4], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {g_n}(t, x)\\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \end{aligned}\]


      References

      [1] A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal polynomial projections,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– 1487, 2020.

      [2] A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, 2022.

      [3] A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023.

      [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_polynomials

      [5] https://mathworld.wolfram.com/LegendrePolynomial.html

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/index.html b/blog/2024/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d6895fa18fb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 2024 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      2024

      an archive of posts from this year

      Oct 5, 2024 Solving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB
      Aug 20, 2024 Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error
      Aug 11, 2024 The Academic Submission Journey
      Jul 11, 2024 State Space Models
      Jul 11, 2024 HiPPO Matrices
      Jun 30, 2024 Distributed Training with Pytorch
      Jun 30, 2024 NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch
      Jun 30, 2024 Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines
      Jun 30, 2024 Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines
      Jun 25, 2024 Install Rootless Docker on Ubuntu Machines
      Jun 25, 2024 Create/Delete Users on Linux Machines
      Jun 25, 2024 Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/install_cuda/index.html b/blog/2024/install_cuda/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7b670ad96046 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/install_cuda/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines

      June 30, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   nvidia,   commands  

      Introduction

      This document contain the step to install/update CUDA on Ubuntu machines

      Installation

      Step 1. Download cuda from NVIDIA official website. Either Deb (local), deb (network), or runfile (local) would work.



      Step 2. Follow the instructions on the NVIDIA official website to download CUDA.



      Step 3. Reboot the machine

      $ sudo reboot
+


      Step 4. Check system cuda after reboot



      Step 5. Setup the environment in ~/.bashrc. Please see the official document.

      ### add cuda path in ~/.bashrc
+export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
+


      Step 6. Source new environment

      $ source ~/.bashrc
+


      Step 7. Test driver

      $ nvidia-smi
+



      Step 8. Test cuda compiler

      $ nvcc -V
+



      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/install_tigervnc/index.html b/blog/2024/install_tigervnc/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a9ba59960f46 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/install_tigervnc/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ + Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines

      June 30, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   commands  

      Introduction

      TigerVNC is a client/server application that allows users to launch and interact with graphical applications on remote machines. TigerVNC provides the levels of performance necessary to run 3D and video applications, and it attempts to maintain a common look and feel and re-use components, where possible, across the various platforms that it supports.


      Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Server


      Step 1. Install TigerVNC Server.

      First of all, ssh to the server with administrator account with sudo privileges, and install the packages using the following commands on the server.

      $ sudo apt update
+$ sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies
+$ sudo apt install tightvncserver
+
+


      Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Server

      SSH to the server

      $ ssh xxx@yyy.zzz
+

      Configure VNC Server

      $ mkdir ~/.vnc
+$ vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
+

      Copy the following command to your ~/.vnc/xstartup

      #!/bin/bash
+xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
+startxfce4 &
+

      The, add execution permission to ~/.vnc/xstartup

      $ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
+


      Step 3. Launch VNC Server

      To launch VNC server, run the command below:

      [Note]
      The password must be between six and eight characters long. Passwords more than 8 characters will be truncated automatically.

      # configure the resolution by -geometry
+$ vncserver :1 -geometry 2560x1440
+Output
+You will require a password to access your desktops.
+
+Password:
+Verify:
+Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
+xauth:  file /home/hc29225/.Xauthority does not exist
+
+New 'X' desktop is borg:1
+
+Creating default startup script /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup
+Starting applications specified in /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup
+Log file is /home/hc29225/.vnc/borg:1.log
+


      Useful commands

      Note that if you ever want to change your password or add a view-only password, you can do so with the vncpasswd command:

      $ vncpasswd
+

      To list current vncserver processes

      $ vncserver -list
+

      To kill the vncserver process on the remote

      $ vncserver -kill :1
+


      Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local


      Step 1. Install tigervnc-viewer

      Please run the script to install tigervnc-viewer on your local machine. Note that you should have the sudo privilege of your machine or the machine is pre-installed with tigervnc-viewer.

      $ sudo apt install tigervnc-viewer
+


      Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local

      After installing the TigerVNC on the client, you should be able to find it in our machine. You will see the configuration window after clicking the TigerVNC Viewer.




      Step 3. Connect to VNC Server

      Ssh to the server with port forwarding

      $ ssh -L 59000:localhost:5901 -C -N -l account xxx.yyy.zzz
+

      Or, you can configure your ~/.ssh/config like below then doing ssh

      # in your ~/.ssh/config
+Host xxx
+    HostName xxx.yyy.zzz
+    User account
+    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
+    LocalForward 59000 localhost:5901
+# then, ssh to the server
+$ ssh account@xxx
+

      After ssh to the server in a terminal, Launch VNC Viewer and type in localhost:59000 and vnc password


      You should be able to see the graphical user interface once connected



      Troubleshooting

      The gray screen is forwarded by TigerVNC


      Solution: Add executable permission ~/.vnc/xstartup on the server to fix this issue

      $ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
+


      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/linux_users/index.html b/blog/2024/linux_users/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6fa2ea6c1ba6 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/linux_users/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + Create/Delete Users on Linux Machines | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Create/Delete Users on Linux Machines

      June 25, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   commands  

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/nsight-compute-permission-error/index.html b/blog/2024/nsight-compute-permission-error/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e16969a13592 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/nsight-compute-permission-error/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error

      August 20, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   nvidia,   commands  

      The Permission Error

      If you are running into this error message when using Nsight-Compute

      The user does not have permission to access NVIDIA GPU Performance Counters on the target device 0. For instructions on enabling permissions and to get more information see https://developer.nvidia.com/ERR_NVGPUCTRPERM

      The Solution

      1. (sudo required) Create .conf file (e.g. profile.conf) in folder /etc/modprobe.d
      2. (sudo required) Open file /etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf in any editor
      3. (sudo required) Add below line in profile.conf options nvidia NVreg_RestrictProfilingToAdminUsers=0, and close file /etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf
      4. (Optional) On some systems (or when using a package manager to install), it may be necessary to rebuild the initrd after writing a configuration file to /etc/modprobe.d. For RedHat-based distributions, rebuild the initrd with dracut -–regenerate-all -f
      5. (sudo required) Restart your machine
      6. (Optional) Check that the value is correctly set to 0: cat /proc/driver/nvidia/params | grep RmProfilingAdminOnly, You should see: RmProfilingAdminOnly: 0

      References

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/nvml_mismatch/index.html b/blog/2024/nvml_mismatch/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..253b8ad3089a --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/nvml_mismatch/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ + NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch

      June 30, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   nvidia,   commands  

      Introduction

      The Ubuntu kernel and Nvidia driver will be updated automatically and sometimes cause driver mismatch issues on the system. This document shows how to solve the Nvidia driver mismatch problem on a Ubuntu OS.

      [TL;DR]
      The first thing you need to try is rebooting the machine!

      If rebooting does not work for your case, please try the following steps.

      Issue

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+

      Check kernel message

      $ sudo dmesg
+...
+[ 1865.855970] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 550.54.14, but
+               NVRM: this kernel module has the version 545.23.08.  Please
+               NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver
+               NVRM: components have the same version.
+...
+

      Solution


      Step 1. Check system driver and process driver

      • The current running driver is 545.23.08 
        $ cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
+NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  545.23.08  Mon Nov  6 23:49:37 UTC 2023
+GCC version:  gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 
+
      • The system driver in the Dynamic Kernel Module is 545.23.08 
        $ dkms status
+nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-94-generic, x86_64: installed
+nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-97-generic, x86_64: installed
+$ modinfo nvidia | grep ^version
+version:        545.23.08
+


      Step 2. Check available drivers

      nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended is the recommended driver.

      $ sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
+== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0 ==
+modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002231sv000010DEsd0000147Ebc03sc00i00
+vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
+model    : GA102GL [RTX A5000]
+manual_install: True
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-525-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-545-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-525-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-550-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended
+driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
+


      $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+


      Step 4. Solving the error: trying to overwrite

      If you get this error

      Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
+ trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1
+dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
+Errors were encountered while processing:
+

      Try to force install the driver. There will be an error at the end of the message, but this should be fine.

      $ sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb 
+(Reading database ... 292518 files and directories currently installed.)
+Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
+dpkg-query: no packages found matching libnvidia-gl-535
+Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+dpkg: warning: overriding problem because --force enabled:
+dpkg: warning: trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1
+dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libnvidia-gl-550:amd64:
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-common-550; however:
+  Package libnvidia-common-550 is not configured yet.
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-550 (>= 550.54.14); however:
+  Package libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 is not configured yet.
+
+dpkg: error processing package libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (--install):
+ dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
+Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ...
+Errors were encountered while processing:
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64
+

      Then, fix the broken dependency.

      (base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
+....
+depmod...
+Setting up libnvidia-encode-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+Setting up nvidia-driver-550 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+Setting up cuda-drivers-550 (550.54.14-1) ...
+Setting up cuda-drivers (550.54.14-1) ...
+Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ...
+Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
+Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu13.4) ...
+update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-97-generic
+W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/ast_dp501_fw.bin for module ast
+Package profile updates
+        status: 1
+        updates: []
+        exceptions: 
+        
+needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
+

      Check the recommended driver is fixed

      (base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+Reading package lists... Done
+Building dependency tree... Done
+Reading state information... Done
+nvidia-dkms-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1).
+nvidia-dkms-550 set to manually installed.
+nvidia-driver-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1).
+nvidia-driver-550 set to manually installed.
+The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
+  libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0
+Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
+

      But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. (Not sure if we restart the machine now will fix it)

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+


      Step 5. Purge all nvidia drivers and re-install

      We will continue to purge all nvidia drivers first and re-install it again to keep our system environment simple. As you can see, there are lots of drivers in the system, for example nvidia-dkms-xxx

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
+ii  libnvidia-common-550                              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
+rc  libnvidia-compute-515:amd64                       515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-515-server:amd64                515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-530:amd64                       530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-545:amd64                       545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-compute-550:amd64                       550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-container-tools                         1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library (command-line tools)
+ii  libnvidia-container1:amd64                        1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-decode-550:amd64                        550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
+ii  libnvidia-encode-550:amd64                        550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-extra-550:amd64                         550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
+ii  libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-gl-550:amd64                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
+rc  linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51                            amd64        Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47
+rc  linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51                            amd64        Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47 (objects)
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-515                          515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-515-server                   515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-530                          530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-545                          545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-compute-utils-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-container-toolkit                          1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA Container toolkit
+ii  nvidia-container-toolkit-base                     1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA Container Toolkit Base
+rc  nvidia-cuda-toolkit                               11.5.1-1ubuntu1                         amd64        NVIDIA CUDA development toolkit
+rc  nvidia-dkms-515                                   515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+rc  nvidia-dkms-530                                   530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+rc  nvidia-dkms-545                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-dkms-550                                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-docker2                                    2.13.0-1                                all          nvidia-docker CLI wrapper
+ii  nvidia-driver-550                                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
+ii  nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Firmware files used by the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-515                          515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-515-server                   515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-530                          530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-545                          545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-common-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-source-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
+ii  nvidia-modprobe                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Load the NVIDIA kernel driver and create device files
+ii  nvidia-prime                                      0.8.17.1                                all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
+ii  nvidia-settings                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
+ii  nvidia-utils-550                                  550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver support binaries
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                           0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
+

      Remove all nvidia related packages.

      $ sudo apt --purge remove *nvidia*
+
+The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
+  dctrl-tools dkms libgdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0 pkg-config screen-resolution-extra
+Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
+The following packages will be REMOVED:
+  cuda* cuda-12-3* cuda-demo-suite-12-3* cuda-drivers* cuda-drivers-550* cuda-runtime-12-3* libnvidia-cfg1-550* libnvidia-common-550*
+  libnvidia-compute-515* libnvidia-compute-515-server* libnvidia-compute-530* libnvidia-compute-545* libnvidia-compute-550*
+  libnvidia-container-tools* libnvidia-container1* libnvidia-decode-550* libnvidia-encode-550* libnvidia-extra-550* libnvidia-fbc1-550*
+  libnvidia-gl-550* linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic* linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic*
+  nvidia-compute-utils-515* nvidia-compute-utils-515-server* nvidia-compute-utils-530* nvidia-compute-utils-545* nvidia-compute-utils-550*
+  nvidia-container-toolkit* nvidia-container-toolkit-base* nvidia-cuda-toolkit* nvidia-dkms-515* nvidia-dkms-530* nvidia-dkms-545*
+  nvidia-dkms-550* nvidia-docker2* nvidia-driver-550* nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14* nvidia-kernel-common-515* nvidia-kernel-common-515-server*
+  nvidia-kernel-common-530* nvidia-kernel-common-545* nvidia-kernel-common-550* nvidia-kernel-source-550* nvidia-modprobe* nvidia-prime*
+  nvidia-settings* nvidia-utils-550* xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550*
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 48 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
+After this operation, 751 MB disk space will be freed.
+Do you want to continue? [Y/n]  Y
+

      Check the environment again to make sure there is no NVIDIA related packages

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                    0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+


      $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+

      Check the environment again after the recommended driver is installed.

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
+ii  libnvidia-common-550                       550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
+ii  libnvidia-compute-550:amd64                550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-decode-550:amd64                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
+ii  libnvidia-encode-550:amd64                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-extra-550:amd64                  550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
+ii  libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-gl-550:amd64                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
+ii  nvidia-compute-utils-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-dkms-550                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-driver-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
+ii  nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Firmware files used by the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-common-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-source-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
+ii  nvidia-prime                               0.8.17.1                                all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
+ii  nvidia-settings                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
+ii  nvidia-utils-550                           550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver support binaries
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                    0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
+

      But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. We need to reboot the machine first to reload the driver.

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+

      Reboot

      $ sudo reboot
+


      Step 7 (Optional) Keep the kernel version

      [Warning]
      This will prevent the machine from some important updates

      If we want to keep the version and prevent this happening again, we could use

      `apt-mark hold` 
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-dkms-550: 
+nvidia-dkms-550 set on hold.
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-driver-550
+nvidia-driver-550 set on hold.
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-utils-550
+nvidia-utils-550 set on hold.
+$ uname -r
+5.15.0-97-generic
+$ sudo apt-mark hold 5.15.0-97-generic # hold the kernel
+

      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/paper-submit-mindset/index.html b/blog/2024/paper-submit-mindset/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7dad9073fb93 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/paper-submit-mindset/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + The Academic Submission Journey | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      The Academic Submission Journey

      August 11, 2024

      2024   ·   blog  

      English 中文

      I summarize some experience from paper submissions, and perhaps there are some things worth writing down to constantly remind myself or might be useful for the people who are submitting papers to conferences or journals.

      The following text is from the perspective of authors who submit their papers to conferences or journals.

      Summarizing Past Submission Experiences

      The key to acceptance: Novelty, Paper Organization, Experimental Results, and Most Importantly: Luck

      Whether a research paper can be accepted by a conference or journal depends not only on the integrity and innovation of the experiments but also on the tastes of the reviewers encountered during submission. Truly innovative and groundbreaking research is not common — there might only be a few particularly pioneering studies each year. Most researchers work within the existing framework, attempting to make limited breakthroughs from different angles. While becoming a top researcher may require talents, the skill of "writing papers" can be cultivated through effort. The key is whether the logic of the paper's argument and the presentation of experiments can guide reviewers to analyze the issue from the paper's perspective during their reading. Often, a paper that doesn't seem fully complete to oneself can be appreciated by a reviewer who provides suggestions for improving the research. With good luck, after supplementing the experiments, the paper might eventually be accepted by a journal or conference. Even if the final result is rejection, the submission process will make the research increasingly complete, and upon resubmission, it will likely be accepted by some journal or conference.

      Fun facts: Papers that I considered subpar inexplicably got accepted. However, papers that I particularly liked was harshly criticized by reviewers and repeatedly rejected.

      Conveying an Idea in a Paper

      Presenting "One" Perspective in a Paper with Extensive Argumentation and Evidence

      Conveying an idea with others is something that requires a lot of practice over a long period and is by no means easy, especially in situations where there is two-way, intensive, and opposing opinions. Practicing communication through writing is a relatively simple, controllable, and trainable process because, in writing, there is time to organize emotions, sort out logic, cite and provide evidence, and edit and revise. The basic principle of writing a paper is to provide sufficient context, argue for "one" perspective within that context, and then design experiments to support that "one" perspective. Exceeding "one" perspective can easily lead to ineffective communication, goal divergence, and a lack of focus throughout the paper. The designed experiments and figures must clearly and directly convey the argument, organizing the message into the most digestible form, such as charts or tables, to avoid logical twists. More importantly, it's crucial to think from the reader's standpoint — what kind of information do they want to receive? In this world, no one besides oneself knows this research better. The ability to organize research results into a form that people from different standpoints can understand is an important skill that can also be widely applied in the workplace.

      Fun facts: During the process of practicing paper writing, I found that communication with the opposite sex also became much smoother.

      Review and Rebuttal

      Preparing the Rebuttal in Advance and Setting the Debate Focus

      When submitting a research work, based on experience and understanding of the research, one would prepare for some questions that might be asked, setting up the main points of defense for each issue in advance. Usually, after preparation, one finds that the suggestions and questions from the reviewers mostly fall within the anticipated range. At this stage, finding papers that support your argument, supplementing experiments, and guiding the reviewer back to the pre-set focal points for debate based on existing literature and experimental results are essential. The goal is to refute the reviewers' viewpoints or alleviate their concerns, hoping that they will raise the paper's score, increasing the chances of it being accepted by a journal or conference.

      Fun facts: After so many submissions, my colleagues, my advisor, and I still feel frustrated when reading reviewers' comments.

      Waiting for the Notification

      Managing Expectations, Hoping for the Best, and Preparing for the Worst

      After debating with the reviewers, the next step is to wait for the final review results. This period is the most nerve-wracking, especially when the scores are borderline. It's essential to practice letting go of the debate with the reviewers and returning to normal life. Going out for a walk and staying away from research for a few days is usually a good approach. Once you feel slightly recovered, take some time to organize and revise the paper, incorporating the reviewers' doubts into the main text or appendix of the paper. While remaining optimistic, also look into other journals or conferences for potential resubmission options in case of the worst outcome.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/ptrace-not-permitted/index.html b/blog/2024/ptrace-not-permitted/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ead6220c7e34 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/ptrace-not-permitted/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Solving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Solving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB

      October 5, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   commands  

      The Permission Error

      If you see this error when attaching the GDB to a process:

      ptrace: Operation not permitted.

      The Solution

      1. (Temporarily, sudo required) run echo "0"|sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
      2. (Permanently, sudo required) editing the file /etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf and change the line: kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1 to kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0

      References

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/pytorch_distributed_training/index.html b/blog/2024/pytorch_distributed_training/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c777131cc9c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/pytorch_distributed_training/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + Distributed Training with Pytorch | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Distributed Training with Pytorch

      June 30, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   nvidia,   commands,   coding,   pytorch  

      Introduction

      Distributed training is necessary for large models training tasks such as neural architecture search supernet, diffusion model or large language models. This document contains the steps to configure machines and launch distributed training tasks with Pytorch framework on GPU servers.


      Server Configuration

      Step 1 Disable firewall and IPV6

      [WARNING] This step may expose the machines under certain threats and attacks.

      Disable firewall

      $ sudo ufw status
+Status: active
+$ sudo ufw disable
+$ sudo ufw status
+Status: inactive
+

      Disable IPV6:

      $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
+$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
+

      Step 2. Export NCCL SOCKET

      Some of our machines do not use the default eth0, so we have to configure the NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME correctly on all the machines.

      To check the socket name.

      $ ifconfig     
+docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                            
+        inet xx.xx.xx.xx  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx          
+        ether 02:42:fe:49:77:fe  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)                        
+        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)                                            
+        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0                              
+        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)                                            
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+                                                                                 
+eno1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                       
+        inet xx.xx.123.214  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx   
+        ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:ca  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)                     
+        RX packets 478564990  bytes 700182821494 (700.1 GB)                      
+        RX errors 0  dropped 6  overruns 2135  frame 0                           
+        TX packets 880702  bytes 274251519 (274.2 MB)                            
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+        device memory 0xc1320000-c133ffff                                        
+                                                                                 
+eno2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                       
+        inet xx.xx.123.215  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx  
+        ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:cb  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)                     
+        RX packets 136141633  bytes 187956572012 (187.9 GB)                      
+        RX errors 0  dropped 6  overruns 2335  frame 0                           
+        TX packets 178699579  bytes 168433035752 (168.4 GB)                      
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+        device memory 0xc1300000-c131ffff         
+

      Install net-tools if you see the error

      Command 'ifconfig' not found, but can be installed with:
+apt install net-tools
+Please ask your administrator.
+

      Export the corresponding socket name

      # Both eno1 and eno2 should work.
+$ export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eno2
+


      Step 3. Launch Distributed Training

      Get the IP addresses of the machines in the cluster. Note that the ip address should match the NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME that we export. For example:

      lovelace: xx.xx.120.112
+hopper: xx.xx.121.104
+borg: xx.xx.122.109
+johnson: xx.xx.123.214
+allen: xx.xx.124.214
+


      Step 4. Run training scripts

      Lei Mao wrote a good toy example where we could start with. Here we use 2 machines (–nnodes) as an example. In each node, 4 GPUs (–nproc-per-node) will be used. Therefore, the world size is 8 (8 GPUs in total).

      # Host: (--node-rank 0)
+torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=0 \
+        --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d   \
+        --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \
+        train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy …
+
      # Client: (--node-rank 1)
+torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=1 \
+        --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d   \
+        --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \        
+        train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy …
+
+


      Network Bandwidth

      Pytorch relies on the Internet connection to pass the updated weights. Therefore, a high bandwidth machine that serves as the master will speed up the training.

      Test Bandwidth without sudo

      $ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py | python -
+...
+...
+Testing download speed................................................................................
+Download: 88.85 Mbit/s
+Testing upload speed......................................................................................................
+Upload: 11.87 Mbit/s
+

      Test Bandwidth with sudo privilege With sudo privilege, we can test a specific network interface, for example enp194s0f0

      $ sudo ethtool enp194s0f0 | grep -i speed
+        Speed: 10000Mb/s
+


      Bandwidth Monitoring Tools

      Bmon is a good internet bandwidth monitoring tool. Use the command: sudo apt install bmon to install the tool. More tools are available here.

      Here is a snapshot of the distributed training. The weights are passing through the enp194s0f1.


      Troubleshooting


      Hostname not known Issue

      Error message:

      [W socket.cpp:601] [c10d] The IPv6 network addresses of (ece-a58489.austin.utexas.edu, 44685) cannot be retrieved (gai error: -2 - Name or service not known).
+

      Solution: add hostname and ip to /etc/hosts. It requires sudo privileges.

      $ cat /etc/hosts
+127.0.0.1 localhost
+127.0.1.1 ece-a55028
+xx.xx.120.112 ece-a58489.yyy.zzz # add ip for lovelace
+
+# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
+::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
+fe00::0 ip6-localnet
+ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
+ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
+ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
+


      Debugging

      To dump more information for debugging the distributed training, we have to export a few environment variables.

      $ export NCCL_DEBUG=INFO
+$ export TORCH_CPP_LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+$ export TORCH_DISTRIBUTED_DEBUG=INFO
+

      Debugging message:

      [I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+master_addr is only used for static rdzv_backend and when rdzv_endpoint is not specified.                                                                                     
+WARNING:torch.distributed.run:                                                                                                                                                
+*****************************************                                                                                                                                     
+Setting OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable for each process to be 1 in default, to avoid your system being overloaded, please further tune the variable for optimal performa
+nce in your application as needed.                                                                                                                                            
+*****************************************                                                                                                                                     
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500).                                                    
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46672.                                                  
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500).                                                    
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46682.                                                  
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.119410: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170222: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170405: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170545: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.851032: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT                                         [488/1839]
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.855787: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.965667: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 20, local gpu id 4): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35816.
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 18, local gpu id 2): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35822.
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35834.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 20] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0
+NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0
+TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000
+USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 20] NCCL watchdog thread started!
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35840.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 18] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0
+NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0
+TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000
+USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 18] NCCL watchdog thread started!
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 21, local gpu id 5): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35852.
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927)./ 
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35858.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 21] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+


      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/rootless_docker/index.html b/blog/2024/rootless_docker/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1bde94f781e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/rootless_docker/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + Install Rootless Docker on Ubuntu Machines | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Install Rootless Docker on Ubuntu Machines

      June 25, 2024

      2024   ·   linux,   ubuntu,   docker,   nvidia,   commands  

      Introduction

      Running docker usually requires root privileges. This document contains the rootless docker installation steps on Ubuntu machines. Note that the root privilege is required during the installation.

      Installation

      Step 1 Install uidmap (sudo required)

      $ sudo apt-get install -y uidmap
+

      Step 2 Setup User group (sudo required)

      Follow the document to setup the user group. If subuids and subgids are not configured, you need to edit /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid directly with a text editor

      $ cat /etc/subuid
+user1:100000:65536
+$ cat /etc/subgids
+user1:100000:65536
+

      Step 3 Configure NVIDIA Docker for User Group (sudo required)

      [!WARNING]
      Warning: the side effect of the setting is that using nvidia docker with sudo will cause error: Failed to initialize NVML: Unknown Error.

      $ sudo vim /etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml
+# set no-cgroups = true
+no-cgroups = true
+

      Step 4. Setup Rootless Docker

      $ dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh install
+

      Step 5. Restart Docker

      $ systemctl --user start docker
+$ systemctl --user enable docker
+# export DOCKER_HOST or add to ~/.bashrc and source ~/.bashrc
+$ export DOCKER_HOST=unix://$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/docker.sock
+

      Step 6. Test Docker without Sudo

      # without sudo to run docker
+$ docker run hello-world
+# without sudo to run docker and access gpu 
+$ docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi
+

      Reference:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/2024/state_space_models/index.html b/blog/2024/state_space_models/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8a3a7cec1772 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/2024/state_space_models/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + State Space Models | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      State Space Models

      July 11, 2024

      2024   ·   ml,   algorithm,   SSM  

      Table of Contents


      Introduction

      This document provides the mathematic derivations of the State Space Models that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references.


      Continuous State Space Model

      Consider a continuous state space model equation:

      \[\label{c_ssm} \tag{1} \Large \begin{aligned} \dot{h}(t)=Ah(t)+Bx(t) \\ y(t)=Ch(t)+Dx(t) \end{aligned}\]

      There are three continuous signals in the system: \(x(t), h(t), y(t)\), which are:

      1. \(x(t)\in \mathbb{R}^p\) is the input (or control) vector that describes the input continuous signal. Some papers would use \(u\) as the input vector, but we use \(x\) for better aligning with Mamba series.

      2. \(h(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n\) is the state vector that describes the system states, and \(\dot{h}\) is the system dynamics i.e. \(\frac{\partial h(t)}{\partial t}\). Some papers would use \(x\) as the state vector, but we use \(h\) for better aligning with Mamba series.

      3. \(y(t) \in \mathbb{R}^q\) is the output vector that describes the output continuous signal from the system.

      There are four transition matrices in the system: \(A, B, C,\) and \(D\), which are:

      1. \(A, \texttt{Dim}(A)=n\times n\) is the state matrix of the system that describes the linear relations of the parameters in the system.

      2. \(B, \texttt{Dim}(B)=n\times p\) is the input matrix that describes how input signals interact with the system.

      3. \(C, \texttt{Dim}(C)=q\times n\) is the output matrix that describes the system output.

      4. \(D, \texttt{Dim}(D)=q\times p\) is the feed-forward matrix that describes how input signals are directly involved in the output.


      Discretize Continuous State Space Model

      The general formulation of an ODE is \(\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + B x(t). \end{aligned}\)

      From the differential equation, we have \(\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) = \int_{s=t}^{s=t+\Delta t} A h(s) + B x(s)ds . \end{aligned}\)

      Bilinear Transform

      By the Trapezoidal rule, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) &= \Delta t \frac{(Ah(t) + Bx(t) + Ah(t+\Delta t) + B x(t+\Delta t))}{2} \\ &= \frac{\Delta t}{2} Ah(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Ah(t+\Delta t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      By combining the terms, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A\textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} &= \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \frac{\Delta t}{2} A \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t) + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t+\Delta t) \\ ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} B(x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) \\ h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} B (x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) \end{aligned}\]

      Since \(x\) is the constant and does no involve in the integral, we have \(x(t) = x(t+\Delta t)\)

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)^{-1} B x(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      We can replace \(\frac{1}{2}\) with a variable \(\alpha\), so that we have Generalized Bilinear Transformation (GBT).

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) &= \textcolor{red}{( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} h(t) + \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} x(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      We can write the discretized state space model as

      \[\begin{aligned} h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\overline{A}, \overline{B}\) are discretized matrices

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{(\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} \\ \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} \end{aligned}\]


      Zero-order Hold Transform (ZOH)

      State solution

      We derive the state solution from the continuous time-invariant dynamic equation \(\frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + Bx(t)\) and move \(A h(t)\) to the left-hand side

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{ \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t) } = Bx(t) . \end{aligned}\]

      Using the fact

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = e^{-At} \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - e^{-At} A h(t) = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} [ \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t)} ] \end{aligned}\]

      , we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} Bx(t) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      We integrate the both side from \(0\) to \(t\)

      \[\begin{aligned} \int_0^t \frac{d}{d \tau}[e^{-A\tau}h(\tau)] d\tau = \textcolor{red}{e^{-At}h(t) - h(0) = \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \\ \end{aligned}\]

      and move \(h(0)\) to the right-hand side

      \[\begin{aligned} e^{-At}h(t) = h(0) + \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau \end{aligned}\]

      After multiplying \(e^{At}\) on both sides, we have the state solution

      \[\label{state_solution} \tag{eq:1} \begin{aligned} h(t) = e^{At}h(0) + \int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \end{aligned}\]

      Note that \(\int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau\) is a convolution, which can be done efficiently by multiplying the scalars in the frequency domain. We will use this result to derive the Zero-order Hold discretization.


      Zero-order Hold Discretization

      We first define the relationship between discretized signals and continuous signals.

      \[\begin{aligned} h[k] := h(k\Delta t), \quad \text{and} \quad x[k] := x(k\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      where \(h[x]\) and \(c[k]\) is a zero-order transformed signals from \(h(x)\) and \(x(x)\) with a sampling step \(k\).

      Then using [eq:1], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} h[k+1] &:= h(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}) \\ &= e^{A\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}}h(0) + \int_0^{\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A(k+1)\Delta t}h(0) + \int_{\textcolor{green}{0}}^{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}}^{\textcolor{green}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}}e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t}\left( \textcolor{green}{ e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \right) + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} \textcolor{green}{h(k\Delta t)} + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B \textcolor{red}{\int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{-A\tau} x(\tau) d \tau} \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A\tau}\Big|_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t}})x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + -A^{-1}e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}})(e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{e^{A((k+1)\Delta t}} B (-A^{-1}) (\textcolor{green}{e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + BA^{-1} (\textcolor{green}{-\mathbf{I} + e^{A \Delta t}}) x[k+1] \\ &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{\frac{\Delta t B}{\Delta t A} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I})} x[k+1] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Note that \(x\) is constant from \(k\Delta t\) to \((k+1)\Delta t\), and thereby \(x(k\Delta t) = x((k+1)\Delta t)\)

      We can write the discretized state space model as

      \[\begin{aligned} h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\overline{A}, \overline{B}\) are discretized matrices

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} \\ \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{ {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B} \end{aligned}\]

      We can perform an Euler approximation to simplify \(B\). The first-order Taylor expansion of \(e^{A \Delta t}\) around zero is given by:

      \[\begin{aligned} e^{A \Delta t} \approx I + A \Delta t \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{B} &= {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{e^{A \Delta t}} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B \approx {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{I + A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B = \Delta t B \end{aligned}\]

      Discrete-time State Space Model

      We can write the continuous-time state space model

      \[\begin{aligned} \dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t) \\ y(t)=Cx(t)+Du(t) \end{aligned}\]

      as a discrete-time state space model

      \[\begin{aligned} x[t] &= \overline{A} x[t-1] + \overline{B} u[t] \\ y[t] &= C x[t] + D u[t] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      by using the GBL or ZOH

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] &\text{Bilinear:}\\ \overline{A}&= (\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)\\ \overline{B} &= \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B \end{aligned} \quad\quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{ZOH:}\\ \overline{A} &= e^{A\Delta t}\\ \overline{B} &= {(\Delta t A)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B \approx \Delta t B\\ \end{aligned}\]


      Convolution Form

      Letting \(h_{-1} = 0\) and unrolling the \(y_k\)

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=0}\\ h_0 &= \overline{B}x_0\\ y_0 &= C\overline{B}x_0 + Dx_0\\ \end{aligned} \quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=1}\\ h_1 &= \overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{B}x_1\\ y_1 &= C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{B}x_1 + Dx_1\\ \end{aligned} \quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=2}\\ h_2 &= \overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2\\ y_2 &= C\overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + C\overline{B}x_2 + Dx_2\\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, when \(t=k\)

      \[\begin{aligned} h_k &= \overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 +...+ \overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + \overline{B}x_k\\ y_k &= C\overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}^{k-1}\overline{B}x_1 +...+ C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + C\overline{B}x_k + Dx_k \\ \end{aligned}\]

      In other words, \(y_t\) is a single (non-circular) convolution

      \[\begin{aligned} y_t = \sum_{\tau=0}^k \overline{C}\overline{A}^{\tau}\overline{B} x_{t-\tau} + Dx_t \end{aligned}\]

      which can be computed very efficiently with FFTs, provided that \(\overline{K}\) is known.

      \(\begin{aligned} y_t = \overline{K} \ast x + Dx_t \end{aligned}\) where \(\begin{aligned} \overline{K} \in \mathbb{R}^L := \kappa_L(\overline{A}, \overline{B}, \overline{C}) := (\overline{C}\overline{A}^i\overline{B})_{i \in [L]} = (\overline{C}\overline{B}, \overline{C}\overline{A}\overline{B}, ..., , \overline{C}\overline{A}^{L-1}\overline{B}) \end{aligned}\)


      Parallel Associative Scan

      Consider an example for illustrating a parallel associative scan (or parallel prefix sum/scan): \(\begin{aligned} h_t &= \overline{A} h_{t-1} + \overline{B} x_t \\ \end{aligned}\)

      We unroll the recursive equation with \(h_0 = 0\).

      \[\begin{aligned} h_1 &= \overline{B} x_1 \\ h_2 &= \overline{A} h_1 + \overline{B} x_2 = \overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2\\ h_3 &= \overline{A} h_2 + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2) + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3\\ h_4 &= \overline{A} h_3 + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4\\ \end{aligned}\]

      Define an operand \(e_i = (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_i)\) and operator \(e_i \cdot e_j\) for parallel associative scan such that

      \[\begin{aligned} e_1 \cdot e_2 &= (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_1) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, h_2) \\ e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 &= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_3) = (\overline{A}^3, \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) = (\overline{A}^2, h_3) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we can parallelize the computation with a parallel associative scan into a tree structure, for example, \(h_4\) can be computed by

      \[\begin{aligned} (e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 \cdot e_4) &= (e_1 \cdot e_2) \cdot (e_3 \cdot e_4) \\ &= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_3 + \overline{B}x_4) \\ & = (\overline{A}^4, \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4) \\ & = (\overline{A}^4, h_4) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      References

      [1] A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal polynomial projections,” Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– 1487, 2020.

      [2] A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, 2022.

      [3] A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023.

      [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/index.html b/blog/index.html index da4f8da156f2..217e3c5d0f38 100644 --- a/blog/index.html +++ b/blog/index.html @@ -1,100 +1 @@ ---- -layout: default -title: Blog -pagination: - enabled: true - collection: posts - permalink: /page/:num/ - per_page: 5 - sort_field: date - sort_reverse: true - trail: - before: 1 # The number of links before the current page - after: 3 # The number of links after the current page ---- - -
      - -
      -

      {{ site.blog_name }}

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      -
      - - {% if site.display_tags %} -
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        - {% for tag in site.display_tags %} -
      • - {{ tag }} -
        • - {% unless forloop.last %} -

        •

        - {% endunless %} - {% endfor %} -
      -
      - {% endif %} - -
        - {% for post in paginator.posts %} - - {% if post.external_source == blank %} - {% assign read_time = post.content | number_of_words | divided_by: 180 | plus: 1 %} - {% else %} - {% assign read_time = post.feed_content | strip_html | number_of_words | divided_by: 180 | plus: 1 %} - {% endif %} - {% assign year = post.date | date: "%Y" %} - {% assign tags = post.tags | join: "" %} - {% assign categories = post.categories | join: "" %} - -
      • -

        - {% if post.redirect == blank %} - {{ post.title }} - {% else %} - {% if post.redirect contains '://' %} - {{ post.title }} - - - - {% else %} - {{ post.title }} - {% endif %} - {% endif %} -

        -

        {{ post.description }}

        -

        - {{ read_time }} min read   ·   - {{ post.date | date: '%B %-d, %Y' }} - {%- if post.external_source %} -   ·   {{ post.external_source }} - {%- endif %} -

        -

        - - {{ year }} - - {% if tags != "" %} -   ·   - {% for tag in post.tags %} - - {{ tag }}   - {% endfor %} - {% endif %} - - {% if categories != "" %} -   ·   - {% for category in post.categories %} - - {{ category }}   - {% endfor %} - {% endif %} -

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      + Blog | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/page/2/index.html b/blog/page/2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b3c64f675b4f --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/page/2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Blog - page 2 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
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      algorithm,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/blog/index.html b/blog/tag/blog/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..282c78e7fbea --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/blog/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + blog | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      blog

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/coding/index.html b/blog/tag/coding/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c37764fafdac --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/coding/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + coding, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      coding,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/commands/index.html b/blog/tag/commands/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1cacf5cc7f66 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/commands/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + commands, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      commands,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/docker/index.html b/blog/tag/docker/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5d1821896af3 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/docker/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + docker, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      docker,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/linux/index.html b/blog/tag/linux/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..286aad3a4985 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/linux/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + linux, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      linux,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/ml/index.html b/blog/tag/ml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0d2afe3801c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/ml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + ml, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      ml,

      an archive of posts with this tag

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/nvidia/index.html b/blog/tag/nvidia/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d199fbb980eb --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/nvidia/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + nvidia, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      nvidia,

      an archive of posts with this tag

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      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/pytorch/index.html b/blog/tag/pytorch/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6845371596e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/pytorch/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + pytorch | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      pytorch

      an archive of posts with this tag

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      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/ssm/index.html b/blog/tag/ssm/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..46059133be93 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/ssm/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + SSM | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      SSM

      an archive of posts with this tag

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      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/twitter/index.html b/blog/tag/twitter/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f8ab7840eba9 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/twitter/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + twitter | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      twitter

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      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/blog/tag/ubuntu/index.html b/blog/tag/ubuntu/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3be85709d6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/blog/tag/ubuntu/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + ubuntu, | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      ubuntu,

      an archive of posts with this tag

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      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/cv/index.html b/cv/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d3f8745660d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/cv/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + CV | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      CV

      General Information

      Full Name Albert Einstein
      Date of Birth 14th March 1879
      Languages English, German

      Education

      • 1905
        PhD
        University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.
        • Description 3.
          • Sub-description 1.
          • Sub-description 2.
      • 1900
        Federal teaching diploma
        Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.

      Experience

      • 1933 - 1955
        Professor of Theoretical Physics
        Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.
        • Description 3.
          • Sub-description 1.
          • Sub-description 2.
      • 1933
        Visiting Professor
        California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, US
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.
      • 1917-1933
        Director
        Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, Berlin, Germany.
      • 1911 - 1917
        Professor of Theoretical Physics
        Karl-Ferdinand University, Prague, Czechoslovakia
      • 1909 - 1911
        Associate Professor of Theoretical Physics
        University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

      Open Source Projects

      • 2015-now
        al-folio
        • A beautiful, simple, clean, and responsive Jekyll theme for academics.

      Honors and Awards

      • 1921
        • Nobel Prize in Physics
        • Matteucci Medal
      • 2029
        • Max Planck Medal

      Academic Interests

      • Topic 1.
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.
      • Topic 2.
        • Description 1.
        • Description 2.

      Other Interests

      • Hobbies: Hobby 1, Hobby 2, etc.
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/feed.xml b/feed.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f6023dc62593 --- /dev/null +++ b/feed.xml @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@ +Jekyll2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00/feed.xmlblankSolving `ptrace: Operation not permitted.` for GDB2024-10-05T00:00:00+00:002024-10-05T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/ptrace-not-permittedThe Permission Error

      If you see this error when attaching the GDB to a process:

      ptrace: Operation not permitted.

      The Solution

      1. (Temporarily, sudo required) run echo "0"|sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
      2. (Permanently, sudo required) editing the file /etc/sysctl.d/10-ptrace.conf and change the line: kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1 to kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0

      References

      ]]>      Solving Nsight Compute Permission Error2024-08-20T00:00:00+00:002024-08-20T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/nsight-compute-permission-errorThe Permission Error

      If you are running into this error message when using Nsight-Compute

      The user does not have permission to access NVIDIA GPU Performance Counters on the target device 0. For instructions on enabling permissions and to get more information see https://developer.nvidia.com/ERR_NVGPUCTRPERM

      The Solution

      1. (sudo required) Create .conf file (e.g. profile.conf) in folder /etc/modprobe.d
      2. (sudo required) Open file /etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf in any editor
      3. (sudo required) Add below line in profile.conf options nvidia NVreg_RestrictProfilingToAdminUsers=0, and close file /etc/modprobe.d/profile.conf
      4. (Optional) On some systems (or when using a package manager to install), it may be necessary to rebuild the initrd after writing a configuration file to /etc/modprobe.d. For RedHat-based distributions, rebuild the initrd with dracut -–regenerate-all -f
      5. (sudo required) Restart your machine
      6. (Optional) Check that the value is correctly set to 0: cat /proc/driver/nvidia/params | grep RmProfilingAdminOnly, You should see: RmProfilingAdminOnly: 0

      References

      ]]>      The Academic Submission Journey2024-08-11T00:00:00+00:002024-08-11T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/paper-submit-mindset.switch{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:60px;height:34px}.switch input{opacity:0;width:0;height:0}.slider{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:#ccc;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.slider:before{position:absolute;content:"";height:26px;width:26px;left:4px;bottom:4px;background-color:white;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}input:checked+.slider{background-color:#2196f3}input:focus+.slider{box-shadow:0 0 1px #2196f3}input:checked+.slider:before{-webkit-transform:translateX(26px);-ms-transform:translateX(26px);transform:translateX(26px)}.slider.round{border-radius:34px}.slider.round:before{border-radius:50%}

      English 中文

      I summarize some experience from paper submissions, and perhaps there are some things worth writing down to constantly remind myself or might be useful for the people who are submitting papers to conferences or journals.

      The following text is from the perspective of authors who submit their papers to conferences or journals.

      Summarizing Past Submission Experiences

      The key to acceptance: Novelty, Paper Organization, Experimental Results, and Most Importantly: Luck

      Whether a research paper can be accepted by a conference or journal depends not only on the integrity and innovation of the experiments but also on the tastes of the reviewers encountered during submission. Truly innovative and groundbreaking research is not common — there might only be a few particularly pioneering studies each year. Most researchers work within the existing framework, attempting to make limited breakthroughs from different angles. While becoming a top researcher may require talents, the skill of "writing papers" can be cultivated through effort. The key is whether the logic of the paper's argument and the presentation of experiments can guide reviewers to analyze the issue from the paper's perspective during their reading. Often, a paper that doesn't seem fully complete to oneself can be appreciated by a reviewer who provides suggestions for improving the research. With good luck, after supplementing the experiments, the paper might eventually be accepted by a journal or conference. Even if the final result is rejection, the submission process will make the research increasingly complete, and upon resubmission, it will likely be accepted by some journal or conference.

      Fun facts: Papers that I considered subpar inexplicably got accepted. However, papers that I particularly liked was harshly criticized by reviewers and repeatedly rejected.

      Conveying an Idea in a Paper

      Presenting "One" Perspective in a Paper with Extensive Argumentation and Evidence

      Conveying an idea with others is something that requires a lot of practice over a long period and is by no means easy, especially in situations where there is two-way, intensive, and opposing opinions. Practicing communication through writing is a relatively simple, controllable, and trainable process because, in writing, there is time to organize emotions, sort out logic, cite and provide evidence, and edit and revise. The basic principle of writing a paper is to provide sufficient context, argue for "one" perspective within that context, and then design experiments to support that "one" perspective. Exceeding "one" perspective can easily lead to ineffective communication, goal divergence, and a lack of focus throughout the paper. The designed experiments and figures must clearly and directly convey the argument, organizing the message into the most digestible form, such as charts or tables, to avoid logical twists. More importantly, it's crucial to think from the reader's standpoint — what kind of information do they want to receive? In this world, no one besides oneself knows this research better. The ability to organize research results into a form that people from different standpoints can understand is an important skill that can also be widely applied in the workplace.

      Fun facts: During the process of practicing paper writing, I found that communication with the opposite sex also became much smoother.

      Review and Rebuttal

      Preparing the Rebuttal in Advance and Setting the Debate Focus

      When submitting a research work, based on experience and understanding of the research, one would prepare for some questions that might be asked, setting up the main points of defense for each issue in advance. Usually, after preparation, one finds that the suggestions and questions from the reviewers mostly fall within the anticipated range. At this stage, finding papers that support your argument, supplementing experiments, and guiding the reviewer back to the pre-set focal points for debate based on existing literature and experimental results are essential. The goal is to refute the reviewers' viewpoints or alleviate their concerns, hoping that they will raise the paper's score, increasing the chances of it being accepted by a journal or conference.

      Fun facts: After so many submissions, my colleagues, my advisor, and I still feel frustrated when reading reviewers' comments.

      Waiting for the Notification

      Managing Expectations, Hoping for the Best, and Preparing for the Worst

      After debating with the reviewers, the next step is to wait for the final review results. This period is the most nerve-wracking, especially when the scores are borderline. It's essential to practice letting go of the debate with the reviewers and returning to normal life. Going out for a walk and staying away from research for a few days is usually a good approach. Once you feel slightly recovered, take some time to organize and revise the paper, incorporating the reviewers' doubts into the main text or appendix of the paper. While remaining optimistic, also look into other journals or conferences for potential resubmission options in case of the worst outcome.

      ]]>      HiPPO Matrices2024-07-11T00:00:00+00:002024-07-11T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/hippo_matrices#tableOfContents{font-size:1.6em}
      Table of Contents


      Introduction

      This document provides the mathematic derivations of the HiPPO matrices that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references.


      Derive HiPPO Matrices

      The contents are extracted and summarized from the original paper [1], but we show more details in the derivations to help people to understand.


      Backgrounds

      HiPPO considers a linear time-invariant (LTI) ODEs such that

      \[\Large \begin{aligned} \dot{c}(t)=Ac(t)+Bf(t) . \end{aligned}\]

      1. \(c(t)\) is the coefficient vector that describes the combination of the basis functions, which corresponds to the state vector \(h(t)\) in the continuous state space model.

      2. \(f(t)\) is the input signal that corresponds to the input vector \(x(t)\) in the continuous state space model.

      3. \(\dot{c}(t)\) is the system dynamics that represents a compression of the history of \(f\) that satisfies linear dynamics.


      Approximation

      Given a time-varying measure family \(u^{(t)}\) supported on \(( -\inf, t]\), a sequence of basis functions \(\mathcal{G} = \text{span} \{ {g_n}^{(t)} \}_{n \in [N]}\)] , and a continuous function \(f: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0} \mapsto \mathbb{R}\), HiPPO defines an operator that maps \(f\) to the optimal projection coefficients \(c: \mathbb{R}_{\geq0}\mapsto \mathbb{R}^N\), such that

      \[\Large \begin{aligned} g^{(t)} = \text{argmin}_{g \in \mathcal{G}}\left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}} \end{aligned} \quad \text{and} \quad \Large \begin{aligned} g^{(t)} = \sum^{N-1}_{n=0} c_n(t) g_n^{(t)} \end{aligned}\]


      Measures

      At every \(t\), the approximation quality is defined with respect to a measure \(\mu^{(t)}\) supported on \((-\infty, t]\). We seek some polynomial \(g^{(t)}\) of degree at most \(N-1\) that minimizes the error \(\begin{aligned} \left\lVert f_{x \leq t} - g^{(t)}\right\rVert_{L_2(\mu^{(t)})} \end{aligned}\). Suppose the measures \(\mu^{(t)}\) are sufficiently smooth across their domain as well as in time and have desities \(\begin{aligned} \omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}}{d\lambda}(x) \end{aligned}\) with respect to the Lebesgue measure \(d\lambda(x)=dx\) such that \(\omega\) is \(C^1\) almost everywhere. Therefore, we have \(\begin{aligned} \omega(t, x) = \frac{d\mu^{(t)}(x)}{dx} \end{aligned}\). Thus, integrating against \(d\mu^{(t)}(x)\) can be rewritten as integrating against \(\omega(t, x)dx\). That is \(\begin{aligned} \int d\mu^{(t)}(x) = \int \omega(t, x)dx \end{aligned}\).


      Orthogonal Polynomial Basis

      We can use a sequence of orthogonal polynomials (OPs) as our basis to approximate the continuous function \(f\). A sequence of OPs \(P_0(x), P_1(x), ...\) satisfying:

      1. \(\text{deg}(P_i)=i\), and

      2. \(\langle P_i, P_j \rangle = \int P_i(x) P_j(x) d\mu(x) = 0\) for all \(i \neq j\)

      A sequence of OPs \(g = \{P_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) of degree \(\text{deg}(g)<N\) that approximate a function \(f\) is then given by

      \[\begin{aligned} & \sum_{i=0}^{N-1} c_i \frac{P_i(x)}{\left\lVert P_i\right\rVert^2_\mu} \quad \text{where } c_i = \langle f, P_i \rangle = \int f(x)P_i(x)d\mu(x) \\ \end{aligned}.\]

      This projects an input sequence signal onto a sequence of OPs, and \(c_i\) describes the magnitude of the \(P_i\) to reconstruct the input signal.

      Let \(\{P_n\}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) denote a sequence of OPs with respect to some base measure \(\mu\). Similarly, define \(\{ {P_n}^{(t)} \}_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) to be a sequence of OPs with respect to the time-varying measure \(\mu^{(t)}\). Let \({p_n}^{(t)}\) be the normalized version of \({P_n}^{(t)}\) (i.e., have norm 1), and define \(\begin{aligned} p_n(t, x) = {p_n}^{(t)}(x) \end{aligned}\). The \({P_n}^{(t)}\) are not required to be normalized, while the \({p_n}^{(t)}\) are.


      Tilted Measure and Basis

      The goal is simply to store a compressed representation of functions, which can use any basis, not necessarily OPs. For any scaling function \(\begin{aligned} \chi(t, x) = \chi^{(t)}(x) \end{aligned}\) such that \(p_n(x)\chi(x)\) are orthogonal with respect to the density \(\omega/\chi^2\) at every time \(t\). Thus, we can choose this alternative basis and measure to perform the projections.

      Define \(\nu\) to be the normalized measure with density proportional to \(\omega^{t}/(\chi^{(t)})^2\). We will calculate the normalized measure and the orthonormal basis for it.

      Let \(\zeta(t)\) to be the normalization constant: \(\begin{aligned} \zeta(t) = \int \frac{\omega}{\chi^2} = \int \frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{({\chi^{(t)}(x)})^2}dx \end{aligned}\) , so that \(\nu^{(t)}\) has density \(\frac{\omega^{(t)}(x)}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)}(x))^2}\) If \(\chi(t, x) = 1\) (no tilting), this constant is \(\chi(t) = 1\).

      Note that (dropping the dependence on x inside the integral for shorthand)

      \[\begin{aligned} \left\lVert \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\nu^{(t)}}^2 &= \int {( \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)})}^2 \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int (p_n^{(t)})^2 \omega^{(t)} \\ &= \left\lVert p_n^{(t)}\right\rVert_{\mu^{(t)}}^2 = 1 \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Thus we define the orthogonal basis for \(\nu^{(t)}\) (normalized measurement)

      \[\Large \label{orthogonal_basis} \tag{eq:1} \begin{aligned} {g_n}^{(t)} = \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)}, \quad n \in \mathbb{N} \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\Large \label{gn_gm} \tag{eq:2} \begin{aligned} \langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_m}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} = \lambda_n^2 \delta_{n,m} \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Note that when \(\lambda_n=\pm1\), the basis \(\{ {g_n}^{(t)} \}\) is an orthonormal basis with respect to the measure \(\nu^{(t)}\), at every time \(t\). Notationally, let \({g_n}^{(t)}(x)=g_n(t, x)\) as usual.


      The Projection and Coefficients

      Given a choice of measures \(\nu\) and basis functions \(g\), we compute the coefficients \(c(t)\) to approximate a \(C^1\)-smooth function which is seen online \(f(x)_{x \leq t}\).


      Approximate Input Function

      We project the input function \(f\) to basis functions \(g\), and \(c(t)\) is the coefficient vector that describes the magnitude of the basis functions. Using the result from the formula [eq:1], we have

      \[\label{approx_f} \tag{eq:3} \begin{aligned} c_n(t) &= \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} \\ &= \int f \textcolor{red}{ {g_n}^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int f \textcolor{red} { \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\zeta(t)(\chi^{(t)})^2} \\ &= \int f \lambda_n \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} \end{aligned}\]


      Reconstruct Input Function

      The function \(f\) can be approximated by storing its coefficients with respect to the basis. At any time \(t\), \(f(x)_{x \leq t}\) can be explicitly reconstructed by using \(c_n(t) = \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}}\) and the formula [eq:2], such that

      \[\label{reconstruct} \tag{eq:4} \begin{aligned} f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red} { \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ {\left \lVert {g_n}^{(t)} \right \rVert }_{\nu^{(t)}}^2} } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{ \langle {g_n}^{(t)}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} } } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) \frac{ {g_n}^{(t)} }{ \textcolor{green}{\lambda_n^2} } \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-2} c_n(t) {g_n}^{(t)} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ \end{aligned}\]


      Coefficient Dynamics

      The coefficients \(c(t)\) encode information about the history of \(f\) and allow online predictions. We compute these coefficients over time by viewing them as a dynamical system. Differentiating \(c_n(t)\), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt}( \langle f(x)_{x \leq t}, {g_n}^{(t)} \rangle_{\nu^{(t)}} ) \\ &= \frac{d}{dt}( \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ {p_n}^{(t)} } \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} } ) \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f \textcolor{red}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}({p_n}^{(t)}) } \frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} + \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} ) } \\ &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f(x) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} p_n(t, x)) \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x) dx + \int f(x) (\zeta^{-\frac{1}{2}}\lambda_n p_n(t, x)) (\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \frac{\omega}{\chi}(t, x)) dx \quad. \end{aligned}\]


      Case: HiPPO-LegS


      Properties of Legendre Polynomials

      An especially compact expression for the Legendre polynomials is given by Rodrigues’ formula [4]:

      \[\begin{aligned} P_n(x) = \frac{1}{2^n n!} \frac{d^n}{dx^n}(x^2 - 1)^n . \end{aligned}\]

      The first few Legendre polynomials are:

      \[\begin{aligned} P_0(x) &= 1 \\ P_1(x) &= x \\ P_2(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (3x^2 - 1) \\ P_3(x) &= \frac{1}{2} (5x^3 - 3x) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      The Legendre polynomials are orthogonal over \((-1,1)\) with respect to the measure \(\omega^{leg}=\boldsymbol{1}_{[-1, 1]}\) and they satisfy

      \[\label{legendre} \tag{eq:5} \begin{aligned} \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{-1}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\delta_{mn}\) is Kronecker delta, equal to \(1\) if \(m = n\) and to \(0\) otherwise, such that

      \[\begin{aligned} \delta_{mn} = \begin{cases} 0,& \text{if } m \neq n \\ 1,& \text{if } m = n \\ \end{cases} \end{aligned}\]

      Also, they satisfy

      \[\begin{aligned} P_n(1) = 1 \\ P_n(-1) = (-1)^n \\ \end{aligned}\]

      so called "Pointwise evaluations".


      Shifted and Scaled Legendre Polynomials

      The "shifted" Legendre polynomials are a set of functions analogous to the Legendre polynomials, but defined on the interval \((0, 1)\) [5]. They obey the orthogonality relationship

      \[\begin{aligned} (2n+1)\int_{0}^{1} P_n(x) P_m(x) dx = \delta_{mn} \end{aligned}\]

      We will also consider scaling the Legendre polynomials to be orthogonal on the interval \([0, t]\). Let \(u=\frac{2x}{t}-1\), and apply a change of variables from [eq:5]

      \[\begin{aligned} & \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{u=-1}^{u=1} P_n(u) P_m(u) du \\ & \text{since } u = \frac{2x}{t}-1 \text{ , we have } du = \frac{2}{t}dx \\ & \text{since } x = \frac{t}{2}(u+1) \text{ , we have } x = 0 \text{ when } u=-1 \text{ ,and } x=t \text{ when } u=1 \\ & \text{replace } u \text{ with } x \\ &= \frac{2n+1}{2}\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{2}{t}dx \\ &= (2n+1)\int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t}dx \\ &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ &= \delta_{nm} \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, with respect to the measure \(\omega_t=\boldsymbol{1}_{[0, t]} / t\) (which is a probability measure for all t), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{2}\omega^{leg}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \frac{1}{t} dx \\ &= (2n+1) \int_{x=0}^{x=t} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) P_m(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \omega_{t}(\frac{2x}{t}-1) dx \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Then, the normalized orthogonal polynomials in the interval \([0, t]\) with starting point is \(\textcolor{red}{0}\) and step size \(\textcolor{green}{t}\) are

      \[\begin{aligned} (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1). \quad \left( =(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-\textcolor{red}{0})}{\textcolor{green}{t}}-1) \right) \end{aligned}\]

      Generalize to any interval \([t-\theta, t]\), we use \(\textcolor{red}{t-\theta}\) as the starting point and \(\textcolor{green}{\theta}\) as the step size. After replacing the notation, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} &(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x - \textcolor{red}{ (t-\theta)}) }{\textcolor{green}{\theta}}-1) \\ &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2x-2t+2\theta}{\theta} - 1) \\ &=(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} P_n(\frac{2(x-t)}{\theta} + 1) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      , which is orthonormal for the uniform measure \(\omega_\theta= \frac{1}{ \theta}\boldsymbol{1}_{[t-\theta, t]}\)


      Derivatives of Legendre Polynomials

      use the following recurrence relations (the integration of Legendre polynomial [4])

      \[\label{legendre_recur_1} \tag{eq:6} \begin{aligned} (2n+1)P_n &= P'_{n+1} - P'_{n-1} \end{aligned}\]

      and

      \[\label{legendre_recur_2} \tag{eq:7} \begin{aligned} P'_{n+1} &= (n+1)P_n + xP'_n \end{aligned}\]

      The first equation [eq:6] yields

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] P'_{n+1} &= (2\mathbf{n}+1)P_\mathbf{n} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} \\ \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-1}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-2})+1)P_\mathbf{n-2} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} \\ \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-3}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-4})+1)P_\mathbf{n-4} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-5}} \\ ... \end{aligned} \quad\quad \begin{aligned}[c] P'_{n} &= (2(\mathbf{n-1})+1)P_\mathbf{n-1} + \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} \\ \textcolor{red}{P'_{n-2}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-3})+1)P_\mathbf{n-3} + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} \\ \textcolor{green}{P'_{n-4}} &= (2(\mathbf{n-5})+1)P_\mathbf{n-5} + \textcolor{blue}{P'_{n-6}} \\ ... \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & P'_{n+1} = (2n+1)P_n + (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \quad \text{ and} \\ & P'_n = (2n-1)P_{n-1} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-9)P_{n-5} ... \end{aligned}\]

      where the sum stops at \(P_0\) or \(P_1\). By summing \(P'_{n+1} + P'_n\), we have

      \[\begin{aligned} & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{(2n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = \textcolor{red}{nP_n + (n+1)P_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \text{ (using eq:7)}\\ & P'_{n+1} + P'_n = nP_n + \textcolor{green}{P'_{n+1} - xP'_n} + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ & P'_n \textcolor{green}{+ xP'_n} = nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\label{legendre_result} \tag{eq:8} \begin{aligned} (x+1)P'_n(x) &= nP_n + (2n-1)P_{n-1}+ (2n-3)P_{n-2} + (2n-5)P_{n-3} + (2n-7)P_{n-4} ... \\ \end{aligned}\]

      We will use the result [eq:8] to derive HiPPO-LegS.


      Derive HiPPO-LegS

      Now we have the measure \(\omega(t, x) = \frac{1}{t}\mathbb{1}_{[0,t]}\) and the basis

      \[g_n(t, x) = p_n(t, x) = (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1)\]

      where \(P_n\) are the basic Legendre polynomials.

      Since the basis functions \(g_n(t, x)\) are orthonormal with respect to the measure, we have the tiling function \(\chi(t, x) = 1\) (no tilting), \(\zeta(t, x) = 1\), \(\lambda_n=1\)

      Plug \(\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n\) into [eq:3], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} c_n(t) &= \zeta(t)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \lambda_n \int f {p_n}^{(t)}\frac{\omega^{(t)}}{\chi^{(t)}} = \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Derivatives

      We first differentiate the measure and basis:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega(t, \cdot) &= -t^{-2} \mathbb{1}_{[0, t]} + t^{-1} \delta_t = t^{-1} (-\omega(t) + \delta_t) \\ \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}2xt^{-2} {P'}_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \\ &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}+1) {P'}_n(\textcolor{red}{\frac{2x}{t}-1}) \quad. \end{aligned}\]

      Now define \(z = \frac{2x}{t} - 1\) and apply the result of derivatives of Legendre polynomials in the equation [eq:8].

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n(t, x) &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} (z+1) {P'}_n(z) \\ &= -(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}t^{-1} [nP_n(z) + (2n-1)P_{n-1}(z) + (2n-3)P_{n-2}(z) + ...] \\ & \left( \text{using } \quad (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) = P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) = P_n(z)\right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n(t, x) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}(t, x) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}(t, x) + ...] \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}g_{n-2}^{(t)} + ...] \\ \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Coefficient Dynamics
      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= \frac{d}{dt} ( \int f {p_n}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx) \\ &= \int f (\textcolor{red}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_n^{(t)}}) \omega^{(t)} dx + \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \omega^{(t)}} dx \\ &= \int f \left( \textcolor{red}{ -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[ n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} g_n^{(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} g_{n-1}^{(t)} + ...\right] } \right) \omega^{(t)} dx + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} \textcolor{green}{t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t)} dx \right) \\ &= \left( -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{\int f g_{n-1}^{(t)} \omega^{(t)} dx} + ...\right] \right) + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_n(t)} + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-1}(t)} + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} \textcolor{red}{c_{n-2}(t)} + ...] + \left( \int f g_n^{(t)} t^{-1} (-\omega^{(t)} + \delta_t) dx \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] + \left( - t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \omega^{(t)}dx} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{ \int f g_n^{(t)} \delta_t dx} \right) \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] -t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{c_n(t)} + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) g_{n}^{(t)}(t)} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] -t^{-1} c_n(t) + t^{-1} \textcolor{green}{f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(1)} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [n (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] \textcolor{red}{-t^{-1}c_n(t)} + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ &= -t^{-1}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} [\textcolor{red}{(n+1)} (2n+1)^{-\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) + (2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-1}(t) + (2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}} c_{n-2}(t) + ...] + t^{-1} f(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \\ \end{aligned}\]

      For example:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_0(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [1 c_0(t)] \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_1(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_1(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] = -\frac{1}{t} [2 c_1(t) + 3^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_2(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_2(t) + (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1(t)+ (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2n-3)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0(t)] \\ & \quad = -\frac{1}{t} [3 c_2(t) + 5^{\frac{1}{2}}3^{\frac{1}{2}}c_1+ 5^{\frac{1}{2}}1^{\frac{1}{2}}c_0] \\ & ... \\ \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) &= -\frac{1}{t} [(n+1) c_n(t) + \sum_{k=n-1}^{0}(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}c_k(t)] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Writing the result into the matrix form:

      \[\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} A c(t) + \frac{1}{t} B f(t) \end{aligned}\]

      where

      \[\begin{aligned} A_{nk} &= \begin{cases} (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}(2k+1)^{\frac{1}{2}},& \text{if } n > k \\ n+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ \end{cases} \\ B &= (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}} \end{aligned}\]

      We can also write the result into the form: \(\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt} c_n(t) = -\frac{1}{t} D[ MD^{-1}c(t) + \mathbb{1} f(t)] \end{aligned}\)

      where

      \[\begin{aligned} D &= \text{diag}[(2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}]_0^{n-1} \\ M_{nk} &= \begin{cases} 2k+1,& \text{if } n > k \\ k+1,& \text{if } n = k \\ 0,& \text{if } n < k \\ \end{cases} \end{aligned}\]
      • HiPPO-LegS Reconstruction

      Plug \(\chi, \zeta, \lambda_n\) into [eq:4], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} f(x)_{x \leq t} \approx {g}^{(t)} &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \lambda_n^{-1} \zeta^{\frac{1}{2}} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} \chi^{(t)} \\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {p_n}^{(t)} = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) {g_n}(t, x)\\ &= \sum_{n=0}^{N-1} c_n(t) (2n+1)^{\frac{1}{2}}P_n(\frac{2x}{t}-1) \end{aligned}\]


      References

      [1] A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal polynomial projections,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– 1487, 2020.

      [2] A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, 2022.

      [3] A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023.

      [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre_polynomials

      [5] https://mathworld.wolfram.com/LegendrePolynomial.html

      ]]>      State Space Models2024-07-11T00:00:00+00:002024-07-11T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/state_space_models#tableOfContents{font-size:1.6em}
      Table of Contents


      Introduction

      This document provides the mathematic derivations of the State Space Models that help readers understand the formulas. The contents are extracted and summarized from the original papers cited in references.


      Continuous State Space Model

      Consider a continuous state space model equation:

      \[\label{c_ssm} \tag{1} \Large \begin{aligned} \dot{h}(t)=Ah(t)+Bx(t) \\ y(t)=Ch(t)+Dx(t) \end{aligned}\]

      There are three continuous signals in the system: \(x(t), h(t), y(t)\), which are:

      1. \(x(t)\in \mathbb{R}^p\) is the input (or control) vector that describes the input continuous signal. Some papers would use \(u\) as the input vector, but we use \(x\) for better aligning with Mamba series.

      2. \(h(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n\) is the state vector that describes the system states, and \(\dot{h}\) is the system dynamics i.e. \(\frac{\partial h(t)}{\partial t}\). Some papers would use \(x\) as the state vector, but we use \(h\) for better aligning with Mamba series.

      3. \(y(t) \in \mathbb{R}^q\) is the output vector that describes the output continuous signal from the system.

      There are four transition matrices in the system: \(A, B, C,\) and \(D\), which are:

      1. \(A, \texttt{Dim}(A)=n\times n\) is the state matrix of the system that describes the linear relations of the parameters in the system.

      2. \(B, \texttt{Dim}(B)=n\times p\) is the input matrix that describes how input signals interact with the system.

      3. \(C, \texttt{Dim}(C)=q\times n\) is the output matrix that describes the system output.

      4. \(D, \texttt{Dim}(D)=q\times p\) is the feed-forward matrix that describes how input signals are directly involved in the output.


      Discretize Continuous State Space Model

      The general formulation of an ODE is \(\begin{aligned} \frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + B x(t). \end{aligned}\)

      From the differential equation, we have \(\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) = \int_{s=t}^{s=t+\Delta t} A h(s) + B x(s)ds . \end{aligned}\)

      Bilinear Transform

      By the Trapezoidal rule, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) - h(t) &= \Delta t \frac{(Ah(t) + Bx(t) + Ah(t+\Delta t) + B x(t+\Delta t))}{2} \\ &= \frac{\Delta t}{2} Ah(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Ah(t+\Delta t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2}Bx(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      By combining the terms, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A\textcolor{red}{h(t+\Delta t)} &= \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \frac{\Delta t}{2} A \textcolor{green}{h(t)} + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t) + \textcolor{blue}{\frac{\Delta t}{2}B} x(t+\Delta t) \\ ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} B(x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) \\ h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \frac{\Delta t}{2} ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} B (x(t) + x(t+\Delta t)) \end{aligned}\]

      Since \(x\) is the constant and does no involve in the integral, we have \(x(t) = x(t+\Delta t)\)

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) &= ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2}A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \frac{\Delta t}{2} A) h(t) + \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \frac{\Delta t}{2} A)^{-1} B x(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      We can replace \(\frac{1}{2}\) with a variable \(\alpha\), so that we have Generalized Bilinear Transformation (GBT).

      \[\begin{aligned} h(t+\Delta t) &= \textcolor{red}{( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} h(t) + \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} x(t+\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      We can write the discretized state space model as

      \[\begin{aligned} h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\overline{A}, \overline{B}\) are discretized matrices

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{(\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)} \\ \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{\Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B} \end{aligned}\]


      Zero-order Hold Transform (ZOH)

      State solution

      We derive the state solution from the continuous time-invariant dynamic equation \(\frac{d}{dt}h(t) = A h(t) + Bx(t)\) and move \(A h(t)\) to the left-hand side

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{ \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t) } = Bx(t) . \end{aligned}\]

      Using the fact

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = e^{-At} \frac{d}{dt}h(t) - e^{-At} A h(t) = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} [ \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}h(t) - A h(t)} ] \end{aligned}\]

      , we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \textcolor{red}{\frac{d}{dt}[e^{-At}h(t)]} = \textcolor{green}{e^{-At}} Bx(t) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      We integrate the both side from \(0\) to \(t\)

      \[\begin{aligned} \int_0^t \frac{d}{d \tau}[e^{-A\tau}h(\tau)] d\tau = \textcolor{red}{e^{-At}h(t) - h(0) = \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \\ \end{aligned}\]

      and move \(h(0)\) to the right-hand side

      \[\begin{aligned} e^{-At}h(t) = h(0) + \int_0^t e^{-A\tau} Bx(\tau) d \tau \end{aligned}\]

      After multiplying \(e^{At}\) on both sides, we have the state solution

      \[\label{state_solution} \tag{eq:1} \begin{aligned} h(t) = e^{At}h(0) + \int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \end{aligned}\]

      Note that \(\int_0^t e^{A(t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau\) is a convolution, which can be done efficiently by multiplying the scalars in the frequency domain. We will use this result to derive the Zero-order Hold discretization.


      Zero-order Hold Discretization

      We first define the relationship between discretized signals and continuous signals.

      \[\begin{aligned} h[k] := h(k\Delta t), \quad \text{and} \quad x[k] := x(k\Delta t) \end{aligned}\]

      where \(h[x]\) and \(c[k]\) is a zero-order transformed signals from \(h(x)\) and \(x(x)\) with a sampling step \(k\).

      Then using [eq:1], we have

      \[\begin{aligned} h[k+1] &:= h(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}) \\ &= e^{A\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}}h(0) + \int_0^{\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A(\textcolor{red}{(k+1)\Delta t}-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A(k+1)\Delta t}h(0) + \int_{\textcolor{green}{0}}^{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{\textcolor{green}{k\Delta t}}^{\textcolor{green}{(k+1)\Delta t}} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}}e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t}\left( \textcolor{green}{ e^{Ak\Delta t}h(0) + \int_0^{k\Delta t} e^{A(k\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau} \right) + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} \textcolor{green}{h(k\Delta t)} + \int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{A((k+1)\Delta t-\tau)} Bx(\tau) d \tau \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B \textcolor{red}{\int_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t} e^{-A\tau} x(\tau) d \tau} \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A\tau}\Big|_{k\Delta t}^{(k+1)\Delta t}})x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + -A^{-1}e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + e^{A((k+1)\Delta t} B (\textcolor{red}{-A^{-1}})(e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{e^{A((k+1)\Delta t}} B (-A^{-1}) (\textcolor{green}{e^{-A(k+1)\Delta t} + e^{-A k\Delta t}}) x((k+1)\Delta t) \\ &= e^{A\Delta t} h[k] + BA^{-1} (\textcolor{green}{-\mathbf{I} + e^{A \Delta t}}) x[k+1] \\ &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} h[k] + \textcolor{green}{\frac{\Delta t B}{\Delta t A} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I})} x[k+1] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Note that \(x\) is constant from \(k\Delta t\) to \((k+1)\Delta t\), and thereby \(x(k\Delta t) = x((k+1)\Delta t)\)

      We can write the discretized state space model as

      \[\begin{aligned} h[t+1] &= \overline{A} h[t] + \overline{B} x[t+1] \\ y[t+1] &= Ch[t+1]+Dx[t+1] \end{aligned}\]

      where \(\overline{A}, \overline{B}\) are discretized matrices

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{A} &= \textcolor{red}{e^{A\Delta t}} \\ \overline{B} &= \textcolor{green}{ {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B} \end{aligned}\]

      We can perform an Euler approximation to simplify \(B\). The first-order Taylor expansion of \(e^{A \Delta t}\) around zero is given by:

      \[\begin{aligned} e^{A \Delta t} \approx I + A \Delta t \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we have

      \[\begin{aligned} \overline{B} &= {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{e^{A \Delta t}} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B \approx {(A \Delta t)}^{-1} (\textcolor{red}{I + A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B = \Delta t B \end{aligned}\]

      Discrete-time State Space Model

      We can write the continuous-time state space model

      \[\begin{aligned} \dot{x}(t)=Ax(t)+Bu(t) \\ y(t)=Cx(t)+Du(t) \end{aligned}\]

      as a discrete-time state space model

      \[\begin{aligned} x[t] &= \overline{A} x[t-1] + \overline{B} u[t] \\ y[t] &= C x[t] + D u[t] \\ \end{aligned}\]

      by using the GBL or ZOH

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] &\text{Bilinear:}\\ \overline{A}&= (\mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} ( \mathbf{I}+ \Delta t \alpha A)\\ \overline{B} &= \Delta t ( \mathbf{I} - \Delta t \alpha A)^{-1} B \end{aligned} \quad\quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{ZOH:}\\ \overline{A} &= e^{A\Delta t}\\ \overline{B} &= {(\Delta t A)}^{-1} (e^{A \Delta t} - \mathbf{I}) \Delta t B \approx \Delta t B\\ \end{aligned}\]


      Convolution Form

      Letting \(h_{-1} = 0\) and unrolling the \(y_k\)

      \[\begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=0}\\ h_0 &= \overline{B}x_0\\ y_0 &= C\overline{B}x_0 + Dx_0\\ \end{aligned} \quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=1}\\ h_1 &= \overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{B}x_1\\ y_1 &= C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{B}x_1 + Dx_1\\ \end{aligned} \quad \begin{aligned}[c] &\text{t=2}\\ h_2 &= \overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2\\ y_2 &= C\overline{A}^2\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + C\overline{B}x_2 + Dx_2\\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, when \(t=k\)

      \[\begin{aligned} h_k &= \overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 +...+ \overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + \overline{B}x_k\\ y_k &= C\overline{A}^k\overline{B}x_0 + C\overline{A}^{k-1}\overline{B}x_1 +...+ C\overline{A}\overline{B}x_{k-1} + C\overline{B}x_k + Dx_k \\ \end{aligned}\]

      In other words, \(y_t\) is a single (non-circular) convolution

      \[\begin{aligned} y_t = \sum_{\tau=0}^k \overline{C}\overline{A}^{\tau}\overline{B} x_{t-\tau} + Dx_t \end{aligned}\]

      which can be computed very efficiently with FFTs, provided that \(\overline{K}\) is known.

      \(\begin{aligned} y_t = \overline{K} \ast x + Dx_t \end{aligned}\) where \(\begin{aligned} \overline{K} \in \mathbb{R}^L := \kappa_L(\overline{A}, \overline{B}, \overline{C}) := (\overline{C}\overline{A}^i\overline{B})_{i \in [L]} = (\overline{C}\overline{B}, \overline{C}\overline{A}\overline{B}, ..., , \overline{C}\overline{A}^{L-1}\overline{B}) \end{aligned}\)


      Parallel Associative Scan

      Consider an example for illustrating a parallel associative scan (or parallel prefix sum/scan): \(\begin{aligned} h_t &= \overline{A} h_{t-1} + \overline{B} x_t \\ \end{aligned}\)

      We unroll the recursive equation with \(h_0 = 0\).

      \[\begin{aligned} h_1 &= \overline{B} x_1 \\ h_2 &= \overline{A} h_1 + \overline{B} x_2 = \overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2\\ h_3 &= \overline{A} h_2 + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{B} x_2) + \overline{B} x_3 = \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3\\ h_4 &= \overline{A} h_3 + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}(\overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) + \overline{B} x_4 = \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4\\ \end{aligned}\]

      Define an operand \(e_i = (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_i)\) and operator \(e_i \cdot e_j\) for parallel associative scan such that

      \[\begin{aligned} e_1 \cdot e_2 &= (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_1) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) = (\overline{A}^2, h_2) \\ e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 &= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}, \overline{B}x_3) = (\overline{A}^3, \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{B} x_3) = (\overline{A}^2, h_3) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      Therefore, we can parallelize the computation with a parallel associative scan into a tree structure, for example, \(h_4\) can be computed by

      \[\begin{aligned} (e_1 \cdot e_2 \cdot e_3 \cdot e_4) &= (e_1 \cdot e_2) \cdot (e_3 \cdot e_4) \\ &= (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_1 + \overline{B}x_2) \cdot (\overline{A}^2, \overline{A}\overline{B}x_3 + \overline{B}x_4) \\ & = (\overline{A}^4, \overline{A}^3\overline{B} x_1 + \overline{A}^2\overline{B} x_2 + \overline{A}\overline{B} x_3 + \overline{B} x_4) \\ & = (\overline{A}^4, h_4) \\ \end{aligned}\]

      References

      [1] A. Gu, T. Dao, S. Ermon, A. Rudra, and C. Ré, “Hippo: Recurrent memory with optimal polynomial projections,” Advances in neural information processing systems, vol. 33, pp. 1474– 1487, 2020.

      [2] A. Gu, K. Goel, A. Gupta, and C. Ré, “On the parameterization and initialization of diagonal state space models,” Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 35, pp. 35971–35983, 2022.

      [3] A. Gu and T. Dao, “Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00752, 2023.

      [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space_representation

      ]]>      Install/Update CUDA on Ubuntu Machines2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:002024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/install_cudaIntroduction

      This document contain the step to install/update CUDA on Ubuntu machines

      Installation

      Step 1. Download cuda from NVIDIA official website. Either Deb (local), deb (network), or runfile (local) would work.



      Step 2. Follow the instructions on the NVIDIA official website to download CUDA.



      Step 3. Reboot the machine

      $ sudo reboot
+


      Step 4. Check system cuda after reboot



      Step 5. Setup the environment in ~/.bashrc. Please see the official document.

      ### add cuda path in ~/.bashrc
+export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}
+


      Step 6. Source new environment

      $ source ~/.bashrc
+


      Step 7. Test driver

      $ nvidia-smi
+



      Step 8. Test cuda compiler

      $ nvcc -V
+



      Reference:

      ]]>      Install TigerVNC Server/Client on Ubuntu Machines2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:002024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/install_tigervncIntroduction

      TigerVNC is a client/server application that allows users to launch and interact with graphical applications on remote machines. TigerVNC provides the levels of performance necessary to run 3D and video applications, and it attempts to maintain a common look and feel and re-use components, where possible, across the various platforms that it supports.


      Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Server


      Step 1. Install TigerVNC Server.

      First of all, ssh to the server with administrator account with sudo privileges, and install the packages using the following commands on the server.

      $ sudo apt update
+$ sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies
+$ sudo apt install tightvncserver
+
+


      Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Server

      SSH to the server

      $ ssh xxx@yyy.zzz
+

      Configure VNC Server

      $ mkdir ~/.vnc
+$ vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
+

      Copy the following command to your ~/.vnc/xstartup

      #!/bin/bash
+xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
+startxfce4 &
+

      The, add execution permission to ~/.vnc/xstartup

      $ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
+


      Step 3. Launch VNC Server

      To launch VNC server, run the command below:

      [Note]
      The password must be between six and eight characters long. Passwords more than 8 characters will be truncated automatically.

      # configure the resolution by -geometry
+$ vncserver :1 -geometry 2560x1440
+Output
+You will require a password to access your desktops.
+
+Password:
+Verify:
+Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
+xauth:  file /home/hc29225/.Xauthority does not exist
+
+New 'X' desktop is borg:1
+
+Creating default startup script /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup
+Starting applications specified in /home/hc29225/.vnc/xstartup
+Log file is /home/hc29225/.vnc/borg:1.log
+


      Useful commands

      Note that if you ever want to change your password or add a view-only password, you can do so with the vncpasswd command:

      $ vncpasswd
+

      To list current vncserver processes

      $ vncserver -list
+

      To kill the vncserver process on the remote

      $ vncserver -kill :1
+


      Install and Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local


      Step 1. Install tigervnc-viewer

      Please run the script to install tigervnc-viewer on your local machine. Note that you should have the sudo privilege of your machine or the machine is pre-installed with tigervnc-viewer.

      $ sudo apt install tigervnc-viewer
+


      Step 2. Setup TigerVNC Viewer on Local

      After installing the TigerVNC on the client, you should be able to find it in our machine. You will see the configuration window after clicking the TigerVNC Viewer.




      Step 3. Connect to VNC Server

      Ssh to the server with port forwarding

      $ ssh -L 59000:localhost:5901 -C -N -l account xxx.yyy.zzz
+

      Or, you can configure your ~/.ssh/config like below then doing ssh

      # in your ~/.ssh/config
+Host xxx
+    HostName xxx.yyy.zzz
+    User account
+    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
+    LocalForward 59000 localhost:5901
+# then, ssh to the server
+$ ssh account@xxx
+

      After ssh to the server in a terminal, Launch VNC Viewer and type in localhost:59000 and vnc password


      You should be able to see the graphical user interface once connected



      Troubleshooting

      The gray screen is forwarded by TigerVNC


      Solution: Add executable permission ~/.vnc/xstartup on the server to fix this issue

      $ chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup
+


      Reference:

      ]]>      NVML: Driver/library Version Mismatch2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:002024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/nvml_mismatchIntroduction

      The Ubuntu kernel and Nvidia driver will be updated automatically and sometimes cause driver mismatch issues on the system. This document shows how to solve the Nvidia driver mismatch problem on a Ubuntu OS.

      [TL;DR]
      The first thing you need to try is rebooting the machine!

      If rebooting does not work for your case, please try the following steps.

      Issue

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+

      Check kernel message

      $ sudo dmesg
+...
+[ 1865.855970] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 550.54.14, but
+               NVRM: this kernel module has the version 545.23.08.  Please
+               NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver
+               NVRM: components have the same version.
+...
+

      Solution


      Step 1. Check system driver and process driver

      • The current running driver is 545.23.08 
        $ cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
+NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  545.23.08  Mon Nov  6 23:49:37 UTC 2023
+GCC version:  gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 
+
      • The system driver in the Dynamic Kernel Module is 545.23.08 
        $ dkms status
+nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-94-generic, x86_64: installed
+nvidia/545.23.08, 5.15.0-97-generic, x86_64: installed
+$ modinfo nvidia | grep ^version
+version:        545.23.08
+


      Step 2. Check available drivers

      nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended is the recommended driver.

      $ sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
+== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.1/0000:01:00.0 ==
+modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002231sv000010DEsd0000147Ebc03sc00i00
+vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
+model    : GA102GL [RTX A5000]
+manual_install: True
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-525-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-545-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-535-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-525-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-550-open - third-party non-free
+driver   : nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended
+driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
+


      $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+


      Step 4. Solving the error: trying to overwrite

      If you get this error

      Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
+ trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1
+dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
+Errors were encountered while processing:
+

      Try to force install the driver. There will be an error at the end of the message, but this should be fine.

      $ sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb 
+(Reading database ... 292518 files and directories currently installed.)
+Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-gl-550_550.54.14-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
+dpkg-query: no packages found matching libnvidia-gl-535
+Unpacking libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+dpkg: warning: overriding problem because --force enabled:
+dpkg: warning: trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-api.so.1', which is also in package libnvidia-extra-545:amd64 545.23.08-0ubuntu1
+dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libnvidia-gl-550:amd64:
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-common-550; however:
+  Package libnvidia-common-550 is not configured yet.
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 depends on libnvidia-compute-550 (>= 550.54.14); however:
+  Package libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 is not configured yet.
+
+dpkg: error processing package libnvidia-gl-550:amd64 (--install):
+ dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
+Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ...
+Errors were encountered while processing:
+ libnvidia-gl-550:amd64
+

      Then, fix the broken dependency.

      (base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
+....
+depmod...
+Setting up libnvidia-encode-550:amd64 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+Setting up nvidia-driver-550 (550.54.14-0ubuntu1) ...
+Setting up cuda-drivers-550 (550.54.14-1) ...
+Setting up cuda-drivers (550.54.14-1) ...
+Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.6) ...
+Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
+Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu13.4) ...
+update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-97-generic
+W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/ast_dp501_fw.bin for module ast
+Package profile updates
+        status: 1
+        updates: []
+        exceptions: 
+        
+needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
+

      Check the recommended driver is fixed

      (base) lab-admin@hopper:~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+Reading package lists... Done
+Building dependency tree... Done
+Reading state information... Done
+nvidia-dkms-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1).
+nvidia-dkms-550 set to manually installed.
+nvidia-driver-550 is already the newest version (550.54.14-0ubuntu1).
+nvidia-driver-550 set to manually installed.
+The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
+  libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0
+Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
+

      But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. (Not sure if we restart the machine now will fix it)

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+


      Step 5. Purge all nvidia drivers and re-install

      We will continue to purge all nvidia drivers first and re-install it again to keep our system environment simple. As you can see, there are lots of drivers in the system, for example nvidia-dkms-xxx

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
+ii  libnvidia-common-550                              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
+rc  libnvidia-compute-515:amd64                       515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-515-server:amd64                515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-530:amd64                       530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+rc  libnvidia-compute-545:amd64                       545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-compute-550:amd64                       550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-container-tools                         1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library (command-line tools)
+ii  libnvidia-container1:amd64                        1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-decode-550:amd64                        550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
+ii  libnvidia-encode-550:amd64                        550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-extra-550:amd64                         550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
+ii  libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-gl-550:amd64                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
+rc  linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51                            amd64        Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47
+rc  linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic 5.15.0-47.51                            amd64        Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-47 (objects)
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-515                          515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-515-server                   515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-530                          530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+rc  nvidia-compute-utils-545                          545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-compute-utils-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-container-toolkit                          1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA Container toolkit
+ii  nvidia-container-toolkit-base                     1.14.5-1                                amd64        NVIDIA Container Toolkit Base
+rc  nvidia-cuda-toolkit                               11.5.1-1ubuntu1                         amd64        NVIDIA CUDA development toolkit
+rc  nvidia-dkms-515                                   515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+rc  nvidia-dkms-530                                   530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+rc  nvidia-dkms-545                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-dkms-550                                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-docker2                                    2.13.0-1                                all          nvidia-docker CLI wrapper
+ii  nvidia-driver-550                                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
+ii  nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Firmware files used by the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-515                          515.105.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1             amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-515-server                   515.65.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1              amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-530                          530.30.02-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+rc  nvidia-kernel-common-545                          545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-common-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-source-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
+ii  nvidia-modprobe                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Load the NVIDIA kernel driver and create device files
+ii  nvidia-prime                                      0.8.17.1                                all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
+ii  nvidia-settings                                   545.23.08-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
+ii  nvidia-utils-550                                  550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver support binaries
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                           0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
+

      Remove all nvidia related packages.

      $ sudo apt --purge remove *nvidia*
+
+The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
+  dctrl-tools dkms libgdk-pixbuf-xlib-2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libwmf0.2-7 nsight-compute-2023.3.0 pkg-config screen-resolution-extra
+Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
+The following packages will be REMOVED:
+  cuda* cuda-12-3* cuda-demo-suite-12-3* cuda-drivers* cuda-drivers-550* cuda-runtime-12-3* libnvidia-cfg1-550* libnvidia-common-550*
+  libnvidia-compute-515* libnvidia-compute-515-server* libnvidia-compute-530* libnvidia-compute-545* libnvidia-compute-550*
+  libnvidia-container-tools* libnvidia-container1* libnvidia-decode-550* libnvidia-encode-550* libnvidia-extra-550* libnvidia-fbc1-550*
+  libnvidia-gl-550* linux-modules-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic* linux-objects-nvidia-515-server-5.15.0-47-generic*
+  nvidia-compute-utils-515* nvidia-compute-utils-515-server* nvidia-compute-utils-530* nvidia-compute-utils-545* nvidia-compute-utils-550*
+  nvidia-container-toolkit* nvidia-container-toolkit-base* nvidia-cuda-toolkit* nvidia-dkms-515* nvidia-dkms-530* nvidia-dkms-545*
+  nvidia-dkms-550* nvidia-docker2* nvidia-driver-550* nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14* nvidia-kernel-common-515* nvidia-kernel-common-515-server*
+  nvidia-kernel-common-530* nvidia-kernel-common-545* nvidia-kernel-common-550* nvidia-kernel-source-550* nvidia-modprobe* nvidia-prime*
+  nvidia-settings* nvidia-utils-550* xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550*
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 48 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
+After this operation, 751 MB disk space will be freed.
+Do you want to continue? [Y/n]  Y
+

      Check the environment again to make sure there is no NVIDIA related packages

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                    0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+


      $ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550
+

      Check the environment again after the recommended driver is installed.

      $ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
+ii  libnvidia-cfg1-550:amd64                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
+ii  libnvidia-common-550                       550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
+ii  libnvidia-compute-550:amd64                550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
+ii  libnvidia-decode-550:amd64                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
+ii  libnvidia-encode-550:amd64                 550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-extra-550:amd64                  550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
+ii  libnvidia-fbc1-550:amd64                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
+ii  libnvidia-gl-550:amd64                     550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
+ii  nvidia-compute-utils-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
+ii  nvidia-dkms-550                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
+ii  nvidia-driver-550                          550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
+ii  nvidia-firmware-550-550.54.14              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Firmware files used by the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-common-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
+ii  nvidia-kernel-source-550                   550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
+ii  nvidia-prime                               0.8.17.1                                all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
+ii  nvidia-settings                            550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
+ii  nvidia-utils-550                           550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA driver support binaries
+ii  screen-resolution-extra                    0.18.2                                  all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
+ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550              550.54.14-0ubuntu1                      amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
+

      But now if you try the driver, it will show the same error. We need to reboot the machine first to reload the driver.

      $ nvidia-smi
+Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
+NVML library version: 550.54
+

      Reboot

      $ sudo reboot
+


      Step 7 (Optional) Keep the kernel version

      [Warning]
      This will prevent the machine from some important updates

      If we want to keep the version and prevent this happening again, we could use

      `apt-mark hold` 
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-dkms-550: 
+nvidia-dkms-550 set on hold.
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-driver-550
+nvidia-driver-550 set on hold.
+$ sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-utils-550
+nvidia-utils-550 set on hold.
+$ uname -r
+5.15.0-97-generic
+$ sudo apt-mark hold 5.15.0-97-generic # hold the kernel
+

      Reference:

      ]]>      Distributed Training with Pytorch2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:002024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/pytorch_distributed_trainingIntroduction

      Distributed training is necessary for large models training tasks such as neural architecture search supernet, diffusion model or large language models. This document contains the steps to configure machines and launch distributed training tasks with Pytorch framework on GPU servers.


      Server Configuration

      Step 1 Disable firewall and IPV6

      [WARNING] This step may expose the machines under certain threats and attacks.

      Disable firewall

      $ sudo ufw status
+Status: active
+$ sudo ufw disable
+$ sudo ufw status
+Status: inactive
+

      Disable IPV6:

      $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
+$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1
+

      Step 2. Export NCCL SOCKET

      Some of our machines do not use the default eth0, so we have to configure the NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME correctly on all the machines.

      To check the socket name.

      $ ifconfig     
+docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                            
+        inet xx.xx.xx.xx  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx          
+        ether 02:42:fe:49:77:fe  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)                        
+        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)                                            
+        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0                              
+        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)                                            
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+                                                                                 
+eno1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                       
+        inet xx.xx.123.214  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx   
+        ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:ca  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)                     
+        RX packets 478564990  bytes 700182821494 (700.1 GB)                      
+        RX errors 0  dropped 6  overruns 2135  frame 0                           
+        TX packets 880702  bytes 274251519 (274.2 MB)                            
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+        device memory 0xc1320000-c133ffff                                        
+                                                                                 
+eno2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500                       
+        inet xx.xx.123.215  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast xx.xx.xx.xx  
+        ether 3c:ec:ef:05:1f:cb  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)                     
+        RX packets 136141633  bytes 187956572012 (187.9 GB)                      
+        RX errors 0  dropped 6  overruns 2335  frame 0                           
+        TX packets 178699579  bytes 168433035752 (168.4 GB)                      
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0               
+        device memory 0xc1300000-c131ffff         
+

      Install net-tools if you see the error

      Command 'ifconfig' not found, but can be installed with:
+apt install net-tools
+Please ask your administrator.
+

      Export the corresponding socket name

      # Both eno1 and eno2 should work.
+$ export NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME=eno2
+


      Step 3. Launch Distributed Training

      Get the IP addresses of the machines in the cluster. Note that the ip address should match the NCCL_SOCKET_IFNAME that we export. For example:

      lovelace: xx.xx.120.112
+hopper: xx.xx.121.104
+borg: xx.xx.122.109
+johnson: xx.xx.123.214
+allen: xx.xx.124.214
+


      Step 4. Run training scripts

      Lei Mao wrote a good toy example where we could start with. Here we use 2 machines (–nnodes) as an example. In each node, 4 GPUs (–nproc-per-node) will be used. Therefore, the world size is 8 (8 GPUs in total).

      # Host: (--node-rank 0)
+torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=0 \
+        --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d   \
+        --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \
+        train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy …
+
      # Client: (--node-rank 1)
+torchrun --nnodes=2 --nproc-per-node=4 --node-rank=1 \
+        --rdzv-id=456 --rdzv-backend=c10d   \
+        --rdzv-endpoint=xx.xx.120.112:29500 \        
+        train.py --param1 xxx --param2 yyy …
+
+


      Network Bandwidth

      Pytorch relies on the Internet connection to pass the updated weights. Therefore, a high bandwidth machine that serves as the master will speed up the training.

      Test Bandwidth without sudo

      $ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py | python -
+...
+...
+Testing download speed................................................................................
+Download: 88.85 Mbit/s
+Testing upload speed......................................................................................................
+Upload: 11.87 Mbit/s
+

      Test Bandwidth with sudo privilege With sudo privilege, we can test a specific network interface, for example enp194s0f0

      $ sudo ethtool enp194s0f0 | grep -i speed
+        Speed: 10000Mb/s
+


      Bandwidth Monitoring Tools

      Bmon is a good internet bandwidth monitoring tool. Use the command: sudo apt install bmon to install the tool. More tools are available here.

      Here is a snapshot of the distributed training. The weights are passing through the enp194s0f1.


      Troubleshooting


      Hostname not known Issue

      Error message:

      [W socket.cpp:601] [c10d] The IPv6 network addresses of (ece-a58489.austin.utexas.edu, 44685) cannot be retrieved (gai error: -2 - Name or service not known).
+

      Solution: add hostname and ip to /etc/hosts. It requires sudo privileges.

      $ cat /etc/hosts
+127.0.0.1 localhost
+127.0.1.1 ece-a55028
+xx.xx.120.112 ece-a58489.yyy.zzz # add ip for lovelace
+
+# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
+::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
+fe00::0 ip6-localnet
+ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
+ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
+ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
+


      Debugging

      To dump more information for debugging the distributed training, we have to export a few environment variables.

      $ export NCCL_DEBUG=INFO
+$ export TORCH_CPP_LOG_LEVEL=INFO
+$ export TORCH_DISTRIBUTED_DEBUG=INFO
+

      Debugging message:

      [I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+master_addr is only used for static rdzv_backend and when rdzv_endpoint is not specified.                                                                                     
+WARNING:torch.distributed.run:                                                                                                                                                
+*****************************************                                                                                                                                     
+Setting OMP_NUM_THREADS environment variable for each process to be 1 in default, to avoid your system being overloaded, please further tune the variable for optimal performa
+nce in your application as needed.                                                                                                                                            
+*****************************************                                                                                                                                     
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500).                                                    
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46672.                                                  
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (10.157.244.213, 29500).                                                    
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:29500 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:46682.                                                  
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+[I debug.cpp:49] [c10d] The debug level is set to INFO.                                                                                                                       
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.119410: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170222: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170405: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.170545: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical
+ operations.                                                                                                                                                                  
+To enable the following instructions: AVX2 FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.                                                  
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.851032: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT                                         [488/1839]
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.855787: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
+2023-10-09 23:39:49.965667: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 20, local gpu id 4): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35816.
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 18, local gpu id 2): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35822.
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35834.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 20] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0
+NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0
+TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000
+USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 20] NCCL watchdog thread started!
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35840.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 18] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+NCCL_DESYNC_DEBUG: 0
+NCCL_BLOCKING_WAIT: 0
+TIMEOUT(ms): 1800000
+USE_HIGH_PRIORITY_STREAM: 0
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:842] [Rank 18] NCCL watchdog thread started!
+| distributed init (world_size 24, global rank 21, local gpu id 5): env://
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927).
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35852.
+[I socket.cpp:624] [c10d - debug] The client socket will attempt to connect to an IPv6 address of (allen.local, 32927)./ 
+[I socket.cpp:787] [c10d] The client socket has connected to [allen.ece.utexas.edu]:32927 on [johnson.ece.utexas.edu]:35858.
+[I ProcessGroupNCCL.cpp:665] [Rank 21] ProcessGroupNCCL initialized with following options:
+NCCL_ASYNC_ERROR_HANDLING: 1
+


      Reference:

      ]]>      Install Nvidia Docker on Ubuntu Machines2024-06-25T00:00:00+00:002024-06-25T00:00:00+00:00/blog/2024/docker_installIntroduction

      To run Docker with accessibility of GPU and CUDA support, NVIDIA Docker has to be installed on the machine. Docker is a tool that encapsulates the environments, e.g, CUDA, CUDNN and all kinds of libraries and dependencies in a container without messing up the machine’s environment. This is especially beneficial when we are duplicating some methods that use other packages e.g., Tensorflow Pytorch, Keras, Caffe, MXNet., or depending on old/new CUDA and CUDNN versions.

      Installation

      [!WARNING]
      Warning: we will remove the Docker originally installed on the Machines by SNAP, and re-install capable Docker using apt-get

      Step 1 remove docker install from SNAP

      Remove docker

      $ sudo snap remove --purge docker
+2022-10-03T18:37:22Z INFO Waiting for "snap.docker.dockerd.service" to stop.
+docker removed
+

      To check if there is still docker installed by apt-get

      $ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
+Reading package lists... Done
+Building dependency tree... Done
+Reading state information... Done
+Package 'docker-engine' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'containerd' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'runc' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'docker' is not installed, so not removed
+Package 'docker.io' is not installed, so not removed
+0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 42 not upgraded.
+

      Step 2 Install Docker from APT

      Follow the steps in Docker official document: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

      Step 3 Reboot server

      $ sudo reboot
+

      Step 4 Test Docker with sudo

      $ sudo service docker start
+$ sudo docker run hello-world
+
+Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
+latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
+2db29710123e: Pull complete 
+Digest: sha256:62af9efd515a25f84961b70f973a798d2eca956b1b2b026d0a4a63a3b0b6a3f2
+Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
+
+Hello from Docker!
+This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
+
+To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
+ 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
+ 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
+    (amd64)
+ 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
+    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
+ 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
+    to your terminal.
+
+To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
+ $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
+
+Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
+ https://hub.docker.com/
+
+For more examples and ideas, visit:
+ https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
+
+

      Step 5 Install NVIDIA Docker

      Follow the steps in NVIDIA Docker official document: https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html#docker

      Step 6 Test NVIDIA Docker with sudo

      $ sudo  docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi
+

      Troubleshooting

      Error response from daemon

      $ sudo  docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi
+docker: Error response from daemon: could not select device driver "" with capabilities: [[gpu]].
+

      This is the Snap issue, please follow step 1. Reference.

      Cannot connect to the Docker daemon

      $ sudo docker run hello-world
+docker: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?.
+See 'docker run --help'.
+

      This is the permission issue after installing Docker from apt-get. For our machine, we could just restart the docker and test it after reboot. Please see step 3 and step 4. Reference.

      Reference:

      ]]>       \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..513afa9f02aa --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Hung-Yueh Chiang
      江泓樂

      [Curriculum Vitae] [Résumé]
      Ph.D. Candidate
      Affiliations: EnyAC
      Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
      The University of Texas at Austin


      About me

      Hung-Yueh Chiang is a fourth-year Ph.D. student in Energy-Aware Computing Group (EnyAC) at The University of Texas at Austin (UT) under Prof. Diana Marculescu’s supervision. Before joining EnyAC, Hung-Yueh was a deep learning engineer at XYZ Robotics, a start-up company in Shanghai. From 2016 to 2018, Hung-Yueh worked with Prof. Winston Hsu on 3D point cloud learning and received his M.S. degree from National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan in 2018. He earned his B.S. degree from National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU, formerly National Chiao Tung University), Hsinchu, Taiwan in 2015. In the last semester at NYCU, he had an exchange program to ETH Zürich.


      News

      Jun 30, 2024 :briefcase: I am open to research scientist internship positions for 2025 spring/summer/fall.
      Topics: Efficient Machine Learning, including optimization techniques for deep learning models, diffusion models, and large language models.
      Oct 17, 2024 :page_with_curl: Paper Released
      Our newest paper: Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models is released on Arxiv.
      May 14, 2024 :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: Cache and Reuse: Rethinking the Efficiency of On-device Transfer Learning has been accepted in CVPR 2024 Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision (ECV) Workshop.
      Mar 5, 2024 :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: SCAN-Edge: Finding MobileNet-speed Hybrid Networks for Commodity Edge Devices has been accepted in ICLR 2024 PML4LRS Workshop.
      Feb 8, 2024 :tada: Fellowship Finallist
      Advance to the Finals of the 2024 Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (North America).

      Education


      The University of Texas at Austin
      Sep. 2021 - Current
      Ph.D. in electrical and computer engineering

      National Taiwan University
      Sep. 2016 - Sep. 2018
      M.S. in computer science

      ETH Zürich
      Jan. 2015 - Sep. 2015
      Exchange student


      Work experience


      Rivian - Software Engineering Intern (Deep Learning)
      May 2023 - Aug. 2023
      Neural architecture search for object detection
      Amazon - Research Scientist Intern
      May 2022 - Nov. 2022
      Image synthesis and generation for shoe virtual try-on
      XYZ Robotics - Deep Learning Engineer
      Jun. 2019 - May 2021
      Image segmentation and object detection for logistics robots

      Selected publications

      1. arXiv
        Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Chi-Chih Chang, Natalia Frumkin, Kai-Chiang Wu, and Diana Marculescu
        2024
        Bib HTML PDF
      2. Conference NeurIPS
        Efficient Low-rank Backpropagation for Vision Transformer Adaptation
        Yuedong Yang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Guihong Li, Diana Marculescu, and Radu Marculescu
        In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2023
        Bib PDF
      3. Conference Oral paper AAAI
        MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Natalia Frumkin, Feng Liang, and Diana Marculescu
        In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2023
        Bib PDF Website
      4. arXiv
        Learning from 2D: Pixel-to-Point Knowledge Transfer for 3D Pretraining
        Yueh-Cheng Liu, Yu-Kai Huang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Hung-Ting Su, Zhe-Yu Liu, and 3 more authors
        arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04687 2021
        Bib HTML PDF
      5. Conference 3DV
        A unified point-based framework for 3d segmentation
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Yen-Liang Lin, Yueh-Cheng Liu, and Winston H Hsu
        In International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) 2019
        Bib HTML PDF Code Video Website

      Miscellaneous

      • I like playing table tennis, piano, and taking pictures of new visiting places (Instagram).
      • I served in marine corp from 2015-2016 as the mandatory military service in Taiwan.
      • I was diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2016 and had a total thyroidectomy. Fortunately, I am fine now.

      CV of failures

      Life can be tough. We fail all the time, but failures pave the way to success. I am working on my CV of failures. Stay tuned...

      Pro bono office hours

      I've committed to set aside 1 hour every week to provide mentorship and/or guidance for whoever is in need. If you find my research, work, oversea and/or life experience useful, welcoming to fill in this form. For feedback, questions, and/or random messages, please use this link.
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20210313_fellowship/index.html b/news/20210313_fellowship/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c7098b84f369 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20210313_fellowship/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20210313_fellowship | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20210313_fellowship

      March 13, 2021

      2021

      :tada: Fellowship
      Granted Engineering Fellowship from The University of Texas at Austin Graduate School

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas/index.html b/news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..51b6e00b6d08 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox Nas | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox Nas

      August 5, 2021

      2021

      :tada: Paper Accepted
      FOX-NAS: Fast, On-device and Explainable Neural Architecture Search is accepted by Low-Power Computer Vision Workshop (LPCV) in ICCV 2021.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20220109_amazon_internship/index.html b/news/20220109_amazon_internship/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..28a2c2aadac2 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20220109_amazon_internship/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20220109_amazon_internship | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20220109_amazon_internship

      January 9, 2022

      2022

      :tada: Internship
      offered to join Amazon as an Applied Scientist Intern in 2022 summer

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20220520_paper_submission/index.html b/news/20220520_paper_submission/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f219ec499e43 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20220520_paper_submission/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20220520_paper_submission | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20220520_paper_submission

      May 20, 2022

      2022

      :page_with_curl: Paper Submission
      one paper submitted to NeurIPS 2022 and ICML 2022 Workshop

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20220523_amazon_internship/index.html b/news/20220523_amazon_internship/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f24f05c5d581 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20220523_amazon_internship/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20220523_amazon_internship | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20220523_amazon_internship

      May 23, 2022

      2022

      :briefcase: Internship
      starting working at Amazon as an Applied Scientist Intern

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted/index.html b/news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..66bb13c07087 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted

      June 13, 2022

      2022

      :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks has been accepted in ICML 2022 Hardware Aware Efficient Training (HAET) Workshop

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20220820_paper_submission/index.html b/news/20220820_paper_submission/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6fdf7cbe91ef --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20220820_paper_submission/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20220820_paper_submission | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20220820_paper_submission

      August 20, 2022

      2022

      :page_with_curl: Paper Submission
      one paper submitted to AAAI 2023

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20221013_amazon_amlc/index.html b/news/20221013_amazon_amlc/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..97b3a4dd1018 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20221013_amazon_amlc/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20221013_amazon_amlc | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20221013_amazon_amlc

      October 13, 2022

      2022

      :briefcase: Internship
      Intern project: Diffusion Model for Virtual Try-on has been accepted in Amazon Machine Learning Conference (AMLC).

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20221119_aaai_accepted/index.html b/news/20221119_aaai_accepted/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ff09a944e02b --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20221119_aaai_accepted/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20221119_aaai_accepted | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20221119_aaai_accepted

      November 19, 2022

      2022

      :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks has been accepted in AAAI 2023.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20221206_qif_submit/index.html b/news/20221206_qif_submit/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..15384d016164 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20221206_qif_submit/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20221206_qif_submit | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20221206_qif_submit

      December 6, 2022

      2022

      :page_with_curl: Proposal Submission
      We submit two proposals to Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (QIF) 2023.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released/index.html b/news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2eefd58cdef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20221208_mobiletl_paper_released | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20221208_mobiletl_paper_released

      December 8, 2022

      2022

      :page_with_curl: Paper Released
      Our AAAI 2023 paper: MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks is released on Arxiv.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral/index.html b/news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e8e14e701e6c --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral

      January 10, 2023

      2023

      :page_with_curl: Paper Update
      Our work, MobileTL, is accepted as an oral paper in AAAI 2023.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20230408_mobiletl_update/index.html b/news/20230408_mobiletl_update/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..612e2ec745a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20230408_mobiletl_update/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20230408_mobiletl_update | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20230408_mobiletl_update

      April 8, 2023

      2023

      :page_with_curl: Paper Update
      We are unable to release the implementation because of patent filing for MobileTL. Welcome to email me if you have any questions about reproducing the experiments.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20230412_rivian_internship/index.html b/news/20230412_rivian_internship/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0b345ad7598a --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20230412_rivian_internship/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20230412_rivian_internship | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20230412_rivian_internship

      April 12, 2023

      2023

      :briefcase: Internship
      I will join Rivian as a software engineering intern in 2023 summer.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20231011_neurips/index.html b/news/20231011_neurips/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a61827ef5a86 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20231011_neurips/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20231011_neurips | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20231011_neurips

      October 11, 2023

      2023

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist/index.html b/news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..33daa3694e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20240208_qualcomm_finallist | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20240208_qualcomm_finallist

      February 8, 2024

      2024

      :tada: Fellowship Finallist
      Advance to the Finals of the 2024 Qualcomm Innovation Fellowship (North America).

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20240305_iclrw_accepted/index.html b/news/20240305_iclrw_accepted/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..56552d5316a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20240305_iclrw_accepted/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20240305_iclrw_accepted | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20240305_iclrw_accepted

      March 5, 2024

      2024

      :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: SCAN-Edge: Finding MobileNet-speed Hybrid Networks for Commodity Edge Devices has been accepted in ICLR 2024 PML4LRS Workshop.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw/index.html b/news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3879605f7bac --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw

      May 14, 2024

      2024

      :tada: Paper Accepted
      Our paper: Cache and Reuse: Rethinking the Efficiency of On-device Transfer Learning has been accepted in CVPR 2024 Efficient Deep Learning for Computer Vision (ECV) Workshop.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20240630_open_for_internship/index.html b/news/20240630_open_for_internship/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2e58d72b4ea1 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20240630_open_for_internship/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20240630_open_for_internship | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20240630_open_for_internship

      June 30, 2024

      2024

      :briefcase: I am open to research scientist internship positions for 2025 spring/summer/fall.
      Topics: Efficient Machine Learning, including optimization techniques for deep learning models, diffusion models, and large language models.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/20241017_quamba_paper_released/index.html b/news/20241017_quamba_paper_released/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2c76b7bb1eff --- /dev/null +++ b/news/20241017_quamba_paper_released/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + 20241017_quamba_paper_released | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      20241017_quamba_paper_released

      October 17, 2024

      2024

      :page_with_curl: Paper Released
      Our newest paper: Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models is released on Arxiv.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/announcement_1/index.html b/news/announcement_1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f166bdb1df01 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/announcement_1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Announcement_1 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Announcement_1

      October 22, 2015

      2015

      A simple inline announcement.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/announcement_2/index.html b/news/announcement_2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fba08de76f01 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/announcement_2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + A long announcement with details | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      A long announcement with details

      November 7, 2015

      2015

      Announcements and news can be much longer than just quick inline posts. In fact, they can have all the features available for the standard blog posts. See below.

      Jean shorts raw denim Vice normcore, art party High Life PBR skateboard stumptown vinyl kitsch. Four loko meh 8-bit, tousled banh mi tilde forage Schlitz dreamcatcher twee 3 wolf moon. Chambray asymmetrical paleo salvia, sartorial umami four loko master cleanse drinking vinegar brunch. Pinterest DIY authentic Schlitz, hoodie Intelligentsia butcher trust fund brunch shabby chic Kickstarter forage flexitarian. Direct trade cold-pressed meggings stumptown plaid, pop-up taxidermy. Hoodie XOXO fingerstache scenester Echo Park. Plaid ugh Wes Anderson, freegan pug selvage fanny pack leggings pickled food truck DIY irony Banksy.

      Hipster list

      • brunch
      • fixie
      • raybans
      • messenger bag

      Hoodie Thundercats retro, tote bag 8-bit Godard craft beer gastropub. Truffaut Tumblr taxidermy, raw denim Kickstarter sartorial dreamcatcher. Quinoa chambray slow-carb salvia readymade, bicycle rights 90’s yr typewriter selfies letterpress cardigan vegan.

      Pug heirloom High Life vinyl swag, single-origin coffee four dollar toast taxidermy reprehenderit fap distillery master cleanse locavore. Est anim sapiente leggings Brooklyn ea. Thundercats locavore excepteur veniam eiusmod. Raw denim Truffaut Schlitz, migas sapiente Portland VHS twee Bushwick Marfa typewriter retro id keytar.

      We do not grow absolutely, chronologically. We grow sometimes in one dimension, and not in another, unevenly. We grow partially. We are relative. We are mature in one realm, childish in another. —Anais Nin

      Fap aliqua qui, scenester pug Echo Park polaroid irony shabby chic ex cardigan church-key Odd Future accusamus. Blog stumptown sartorial squid, gastropub duis aesthetic Truffaut vero. Pinterest tilde twee, odio mumblecore jean shorts lumbersexual.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/news/announcement_3/index.html b/news/announcement_3/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ec1521072510 --- /dev/null +++ b/news/announcement_3/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Announcement_3 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Announcement_3

      January 15, 2016

      2016

      A simple inline announcement with Markdown emoji! :sparkles: :smile:

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/1_project/index.html b/projects/1_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..71dd672cc059 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/1_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 1 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/2_project/index.html b/projects/2_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..388af4cee8ea --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/2_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 2 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/3DSeg/index.html b/projects/3DSeg/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1bca98b6eaf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/3DSeg/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + 3D Vision | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      A Unified Point-Based Framework for 3D Segmentation

      3DV 2019
      Hung-Yueh Chiang1, Yen-Liang Lin2, Yueh-Cheng Liu1, Winston H. Hsu1
      1National Taiwan University 2A9/Amazon

      [code]   [talk]



      :rocket: Top performing method in 2019


      Motivations

      • Normal describes object shapes
      • Color shows object textures
      • Global scene prior is crucial for semantics, for example, discriminating curtain in living rooms and shower curtain in restrooms

      Method Overview

      We extract image features by applying a 2D segmentation network and backproject the 2D image features into 3D space. Both 2D image features and 3D point features are concatenated in the same point coordinates. The sub-volume and scene encoder extract the features for local details and global context priors respectively. The decoder fuses the local and global features and generate the semantic predictions for each point in the sub-volume.


      Main Results

      Results on ScanNet testing set. Our unified framework outperforms several state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. The gain comes from jointly optimizing 2D image features, 3D structures and global context in a point-based architecture. With synthetic camera poses, we can further improve our performance (+1.3% gains)


      Citation

      @inproceedings{chiang2019unified,
+  title = {A unified point-based framework for 3d segmentation},
+  author = {Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Lin, Yen-Liang and Liu, Yueh-Cheng and Hsu, Winston H},
+  booktitle = {International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)},
+  pages = {155--163},
+  year = {2019},
+  organization = {IEEE},
+}
+


      Acknowledgements

      This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Grant MOST 108-2634-F-002-004 and FIH Mobile Limited. We also benefit from the NVIDIA grants and the DGX-1 AI Supercomputer.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/3_project/index.html b/projects/3_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a35836e9e62b --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/3_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 3 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/4_project/index.html b/projects/4_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b7867c303a42 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/4_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 4 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/5_project/index.html b/projects/5_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c9df19942e52 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/5_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 5 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/6_project/index.html b/projects/6_project/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..765d5cf0479c --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/6_project/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + project 6 | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Every project has a beautiful feature showcase page. It’s easy to include images in a flexible 3-column grid format. Make your photos 1/3, 2/3, or full width.

      To give your project a background in the portfolio page, just add the img tag to the front matter like so:

      ---
+layout: page
+title: project
+description: a project with a background image
+img: /assets/img/12.jpg
+---
+
      Caption photos easily. On the left, a road goes through a tunnel. Middle, leaves artistically fall in a hipster photoshoot. Right, in another hipster photoshoot, a lumberjack grasps a handful of pine needles.
      This image can also have a caption. It's like magic.

      You can also put regular text between your rows of images. Say you wanted to write a little bit about your project before you posted the rest of the images. You describe how you toiled, sweated, bled for your project, and then… you reveal its glory in the next row of images.

      You can also have artistically styled 2/3 + 1/3 images, like these.

      The code is simple. Just wrap your images with <div class="col-sm"> and place them inside <div class="row"> (read more about the Bootstrap Grid system). To make images responsive, add img-fluid class to each; for rounded corners and shadows use rounded and z-depth-1 classes. Here’s the code for the last row of images above:

      <div class="row justify-content-sm-center">
+    <div class="col-sm-8 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/6.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+    <div class="col-sm-4 mt-3 mt-md-0">
+        {% include figure.html path="assets/img/11.jpg" title="example image" class="img-fluid rounded z-depth-1" %}
+    </div>
+</div>
+
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/index.html b/projects/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..247f14514000 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Projects | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/mobiletl/index.html b/projects/mobiletl/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a4bf4915a0b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/mobiletl/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + MobileTL | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks

      AAAI 2023 Oral Paper
      Hung-Yueh Chiang, Natalia Frumkin, Feng Liang, Diana Marculescu
      The University of Texas at Austin

      [slides]   [poster]   [demo]



      :rocket: 1.5 × less FLOPS     :small_red_triangle_down: 2× memory reduction for Inverted Residual Blocks


      Motivations

      • IRBs are widely used in mobile-friendly models
      • IRBs are designed for inference efficiently on edge devices
      • Training IRB-based models on edge devices is challenging
      • IRBs require 3× more activation storage for backward pass

      Method

      • Freeze low-level layers and fine-tune high-level layers


      • Freeze global statistics and update bias only for intermediate normalization layers


      • Approximate activation layer’s backward as a signed function


      Overview of a MobileTL Block

      MobileTL is an efficient training scheme for IRBs. To avoid storing activation maps for two normalization layers after expansion and depthwise convolution, we only train shifts, and freeze scales and global statistics. The weights in convolutional layers are trained as usual. To adapt the distribution to the target dataset, we update the scale, shift, and global statistics for the last normalization layer in the block. MobileTL approximates the backward function of activation layers, e.g., ReLU6 and Hard-Swish, by a signed function, so only a binary mask is stored for activation backward computing. Our method reduces the memory consumption by 46.3% and 53.3% for MobileNetV2 and V3 IRBs.


      Main Results

      We experiment MobileTL with Proxyless Mobile (Cai, Zhu, and Han 2019) and transfer to eight downstream tasks. We compare our method (Prox. MobileTL in orange) with vanilla fine-tuning a few IRBs of the model (Prox. FT-BLKs in grey) and TinyTL (Cai et al. 2020). MobileTL maintains Pareto optimality for all datasets and improves accuracy over TinyTL in six out of eight datasets.


      Citation

      @inproceedings{chiang2022mobiletl,
+  title = {MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks},
+  author = {Chiang, Hung-Yueh and Frumkin, Natalia and Liang, Feng and Marculescu, Diana},
+  booktitle = {Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
+  year = {2023},
+}
+


      Acknowledgements

      This research was supported in part by NSF CCF Grant No. 2107085, NSF CSR Grant No. 1815780, and the UT Cockrell School of Engineering Doctoral Fellowship. Additionally, we thank Po-han Li for his help with the proof.

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/projects/quamba/index.html b/projects/quamba/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..61a801a22c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/quamba/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Quamba | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models

      Hung-Yueh Chiang*1, Chi-Chih Chang*2, Natalia Frumkin1, Kai-Chiang Wu2, Diana Marculescu1
      1 The University of Texas at Austin, 2National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
      * Equal contribution



      :zap: 8-bit quantization (W8A8) for Mamba blocks     :rocket: 1.7 × speedup on Orin Nano 8G     :small_red_triangle_down: 2× memory reduction


      Real-time Generation on Edge GPUs

      We compared Quamba 2.8B with Mamba 2.8B on a NVIDIA Orin Nano 8G. Quamba (W8A8) is \(1.7\times\) faster than Mamba (FP16) on the Nano. The real-time generation speed is shown in the demo.


      Long Input Sequences on Edge GPUs

      We compared Quamba with an 8-bit transformer on a NVIDIA Orin Nano 8G. Quamba is capable of handling long input sequences (over 8k tokens) with limited memory and computational resources on edge devices.


      Zero-shot Accuracy

      Zero-shot accuracy of quantized models on six common sense tasks. Quamba is a static per-tensor quantization method that closes the performance gap and outperforms the same-sized Transformers (Pythia) in accuracy. (Bold is the best, and underline is the second best.)


      Perplexity Evaluation

      Perplexity results of different quantization methods applied on Mamba families. We evaluate the quantized models on a subset of Pile and Wikitext2 datasets. SmQ stands for SmoothQuant. Quamba is a static per-tensor quantization method that closes the performance gap in terms of perplexity and outperforms the same-sized Transformers (Pythia).


      Quantizing Jamba: A Large-Scale Hybrid Mamba-Transformer LLM

      Jamba is a hybrid transformer-mamba language model with 52B parameters, built with Self-attention, Mixture of Experts (MoE), and Mamba blocks. We experiment and combine off-the-shelf quantization methods with our method. The zero-shot LAMBADA accuracy is reported.
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/publications/index.html b/publications/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..38180c81d076 --- /dev/null +++ b/publications/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + Publications | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      2024

      1. arXiv
        Quamba: A Post-Training Quantization Recipe for Selective State Space Models
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Chi-Chih Chang, Natalia Frumkin, Kai-Chiang Wu, and Diana Marculescu
        2024
        Bib HTML PDF
      2. Workshop ICLR
        SCAN-Edge: Finding MobileNet-speed Hybrid Networks for Diverse Edge Devices via Hardware-Aware Evolutionary Search
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, and Diana Marculescu
        In 5th Workshop on practical ML for limited/low resource settings 2024
        Bib HTML PDF
      3. Workshop CVPR
        Cache and Reuse: Rethinking the Efficiency of On-device Transfer Learning
        Yuedong Yang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Guihong Li, Diana Marculescu, and Radu Marculescu
        In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2024
        Bib HTML PDF

      2023

      1. Conference NeurIPS
        Efficient Low-rank Backpropagation for Vision Transformer Adaptation
        Yuedong Yang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Guihong Li, Diana Marculescu, and Radu Marculescu
        In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2023
        Bib PDF
      2. Conference Oral paper AAAI
        MobileTL: On-device Transfer Learning with Inverted Residual Blocks
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Natalia Frumkin, Feng Liang, and Diana Marculescu
        In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2023
        Bib PDF Website

      2021

      1. Workshop ICCV
        FOX-NAS: Fast, On-device and Explainable Neural Architecture Search
        Chia-Hsiang Liu, Yu-Shin Han, Yuan-Yao Sung, Yi Lee, Hung-Yueh Chiang, and 1 more author
        In ICCV Low-Power Computer Vision Workshop (LPCV) 2021
        Bib HTML PDF
      2. arXiv
        Learning from 2D: Pixel-to-Point Knowledge Transfer for 3D Pretraining
        Yueh-Cheng Liu, Yu-Kai Huang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Hung-Ting Su, Zhe-Yu Liu, and 3 more authors
        arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.04687 2021
        Bib HTML PDF

      2019

      1. Conference 3DV
        A unified point-based framework for 3d segmentation
        Hung-Yueh Chiang, Yen-Liang Lin, Yueh-Cheng Liu, and Winston H Hsu
        In International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) 2019
        Bib HTML PDF Code Video Website
      2. Conference KDD
        Metadata-Augmented Neural Networks for Cross-Location Solar Irradiation Prediction from Satellite Images
        Kuan-Ying Lee, Hsin-Fu Huang, Hung-Yueh Chiang, Hu-Cheng Lee, Winston H Hsu, and 1 more author
        2019
        Bib HTML PDF

      2018

      1. Conference 3DV
        Cross-domain image-based 3D shape retrieval by view sequence learning
        Tang Lee, Yen-Liang Lin, HungYueh Chiang, Ming-Wei Chiu, Winston Hsu, and 1 more author
        In International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV) 2018
        Bib HTML PDF
      2. Conference TheWebConf
        Netizen-style commenting on fashion photos: dataset and diversity measures
        Wen Hua Lin, Kuan-Ting Chen, Hung Yueh Chiang, and Winston Hsu
        In Companion Proceedings of the The Web Conference 2018 2018
        Bib HTML PDF

      2017

      1. Workshop Eurographics
        SHREC’17: RGB-D to CAD retrieval with ObjectNN dataset
        Binh Son Hua, Quang Trung Truong, Minh Khoi Tran, Quang Hieu Pham, Asako Kanezaki, and 6 more authors
        In 10th Eurographics Workshop on 3D Object Retrieval, 3DOR 2017 2017
        Bib HTML PDF
      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/repositories/index.html b/repositories/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5cdb9342580f --- /dev/null +++ b/repositories/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Repositories | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/robots.txt b/robots.txt index a450fbe28faa..b098cdc76dde 100644 --- a/robots.txt +++ b/robots.txt @@ -1,7 +1,4 @@ ---- -permalink: /robots.txt ---- User-agent: * Disallow: -Sitemap: {{ site.baseurl | prepend: site.url }}/sitemap.xml +Sitemap: /sitemap.xml diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b21783511a88 --- /dev/null +++ b/sitemap.xml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + /news/announcement_1/ 2015-10-22T19:59:00+00:00 /news/announcement_2/ 2015-11-07T20:11:00+00:00 /news/announcement_3/ 2016-01-15T11:59:00+00:00 /news/20210313_fellowship/ 2021-03-13T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20210805_iccv_lpcv_fox-nas/ 2021-08-05T22:00:00+00:00 /news/20220109_amazon_internship/ 2022-01-09T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20220520_paper_submission/ 2022-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20220523_amazon_internship/ 2022-05-23T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20220613_icmlw_haet_accepted/ 2022-06-13T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20220820_paper_submission/ 2022-08-20T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20221013_amazon_amlc/ 2022-10-13T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20221119_aaai_accepted/ 2022-11-19T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20221206_qif_submit/ 2022-12-06T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20221208_mobiletl_paper_released/ 2022-12-08T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20230110_mobiletl_aaai_oral/ 2023-01-10T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20230408_mobiletl_update/ 2023-04-08T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20230412_rivian_internship/ 2023-04-12T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20231011_neurips/ 2023-10-11T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20240208_qualcomm_finallist/ 2024-02-08T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20240305_iclrw_accepted/ 2024-03-05T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20240514_cach_and_reuse_cvprw/ 2024-05-14T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20240630_open_for_internship/ 2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00 /news/20241017_quamba_paper_released/ 2024-10-17T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2021/twitter-DNNSim/ 2021-12-19T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2022/twitter-ARKitScenes/ 2022-01-09T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/docker_install/ 2024-06-25T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/linux_users/ 2024-06-25T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/rootless_docker/ 2024-06-25T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/install_cuda/ 2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/install_tigervnc/ 2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/nvml_mismatch/ 2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/pytorch_distributed_training/ 2024-06-30T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/hippo_matrices/ 2024-07-11T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/state_space_models/ 2024-07-11T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/paper-submit-mindset/ 2024-08-11T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/nsight-compute-permission-error/ 2024-08-20T00:00:00+00:00 /blog/2024/ptrace-not-permitted/ 2024-10-05T00:00:00+00:00 /projects/1_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/2_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/3DSeg/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/3_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/4_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/5_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/6_project/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/mobiletl/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 /projects/quamba/ 2024-10-18T03:38:47+00:00 / /cv/ /_pages/dropdown/ /projects/ /publications/ /repositories/ /teaching/ /blog/tag/twitter/ /blog/tag/linux/ /blog/tag/ubuntu/ /blog/tag/docker/ /blog/tag/nvidia/ /blog/tag/commands/ /blog/tag/commands/ /blog/tag/coding/ /blog/tag/pytorch/ /blog/tag/ml/ /blog/tag/algorithm/ /blog/tag/ssm/ /blog/tag/blog/ /blog/2021/ /blog/2022/ /blog/2024/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/teaching/index.html b/teaching/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4b97c59feae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/teaching/index.html @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + Teaching | Hung-Yueh Chiang

      For now, this page is assumed to be a static description of your courses. You can convert it to a collection similar to _projects/ so that you can have a dedicated page for each course.

      Organize your courses by years, topics, or universities, however you like!

      © Copyright 2024 Hung-Yueh Chiang. Powered by Jekyll with al-folio theme. Hosted by GitHub Pages. Last updated: October 18, 2024.
      \ No newline at end of file