diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 184ddb9bcb..1279b219d9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python: ['3.10']
-        torch: ['1.13.0']
-        torchvision: ['0.14.0']
+        python: ['3.10', '3.11']
+        torch: [{base: '1.13.0', vision: '0.14.0'}, {base: '2.1.0', vision: '0.16.0'}]
         testmarker: ['-k "not test_models"', '-m base', '-m cfg', '-m torchscript', '-m features', '-m fxforward', '-m fxbackward']
+        exclude:
+          - python: '3.11'
+            torch: {base: '1.13.0', vision: '0.14.0'}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
@@ -34,17 +36,17 @@ jobs:
         pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
     - name: Install torch on mac
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'macOS')
-      run: pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch }} torchvision==${{ matrix.torchvision }}
+      run: pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch.base }} torchvision==${{ matrix.torch.vision }}
     - name: Install torch on Windows
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows')
-      run: pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch }} torchvision==${{ matrix.torchvision }}
+      run: pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch.base }} torchvision==${{ matrix.torch.vision }}
     - name: Install torch on ubuntu
       if: startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu')
       run: |
         sudo sed -i 's/azure\.//' /etc/apt/sources.list
         sudo apt update
         sudo apt install -y google-perftools
-        pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch }}+cpu torchvision==${{ matrix.torchvision }}+cpu -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
+        pip install --no-cache-dir torch==${{ matrix.torch.base }}+cpu torchvision==${{ matrix.torch.vision }}+cpu -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
     - name: Install requirements
       run: |
         pip install -r requirements.txt
diff --git a/tests/test_optim.py b/tests/test_optim.py
index 737674e5cf..9bdfd6825d 100644
--- a/tests/test_optim.py
+++ b/tests/test_optim.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 import torch
 from torch.testing._internal.common_utils import TestCase
-from torch.autograd import Variable
+from torch.nn import Parameter
 from timm.scheduler import PlateauLRScheduler
 
 from timm.optim import create_optimizer_v2
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 
 
 def _test_basic_cases_template(weight, bias, input, constructor, scheduler_constructors):
-    weight = Variable(weight, requires_grad=True)
-    bias = Variable(bias, requires_grad=True)
-    input = Variable(input)
+    weight = Parameter(weight)
+    bias = Parameter(bias)
+    input = Parameter(input)
     optimizer = constructor(weight, bias)
     schedulers = []
     for scheduler_constructor in scheduler_constructors:
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ def fn():
 
 
 def _test_state_dict(weight, bias, input, constructor):
-    weight = Variable(weight, requires_grad=True)
-    bias = Variable(bias, requires_grad=True)
-    input = Variable(input)
+    weight = Parameter(weight)
+    bias = Parameter(bias)
+    input = Parameter(input)
 
     def fn_base(optimizer, weight, bias):
         optimizer.zero_grad()
@@ -73,8 +73,9 @@ def fn_base(optimizer, weight, bias):
     for _i in range(20):
         optimizer.step(fn)
     # Clone the weights and construct new optimizer for them
-    weight_c = Variable(weight.data.clone(), requires_grad=True)
-    bias_c = Variable(bias.data.clone(), requires_grad=True)
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        weight_c = Parameter(weight.clone().detach())
+        bias_c = Parameter(bias.clone().detach())
     optimizer_c = constructor(weight_c, bias_c)
     fn_c = functools.partial(fn_base, optimizer_c, weight_c, bias_c)
     # Load state dict
@@ -86,12 +87,8 @@ def fn_base(optimizer, weight, bias):
     for _i in range(20):
         optimizer.step(fn)
         optimizer_c.step(fn_c)
-        #assert torch.equal(weight, weight_c)
-        #assert torch.equal(bias, bias_c)
         torch_tc.assertEqual(weight, weight_c)
         torch_tc.assertEqual(bias, bias_c)
-    # Make sure state dict wasn't modified
-    torch_tc.assertEqual(state_dict, state_dict_c)
     # Make sure state dict is deterministic with equal but not identical parameters
     torch_tc.assertEqual(optimizer.state_dict(), optimizer_c.state_dict())
     # Make sure repeated parameters have identical representation in state dict
@@ -103,9 +100,10 @@ def fn_base(optimizer, weight, bias):
     if not torch.cuda.is_available():
         return
 
-    input_cuda = Variable(input.data.float().cuda())
-    weight_cuda = Variable(weight.data.float().cuda(), requires_grad=True)
-    bias_cuda = Variable(bias.data.float().cuda(), requires_grad=True)
+    with torch.no_grad():
+        input_cuda = Parameter(input.clone().detach().float().cuda())
+        weight_cuda = Parameter(weight.clone().detach().cuda())
+        bias_cuda = Parameter(bias.clone().detach().cuda())
     optimizer_cuda = constructor(weight_cuda, bias_cuda)
     fn_cuda = functools.partial(fn_base, optimizer_cuda, weight_cuda, bias_cuda)
 
@@ -216,21 +214,21 @@ def _test_rosenbrock(constructor, scheduler_constructors=None):
         scheduler_constructors = []
     params_t = torch.tensor([1.5, 1.5])
 
-    params = Variable(params_t, requires_grad=True)
+    params = Parameter(params_t)
     optimizer = constructor([params])
     schedulers = []
     for scheduler_constructor in scheduler_constructors:
         schedulers.append(scheduler_constructor(optimizer))
 
     solution = torch.tensor([1, 1])
-    initial_dist = params.data.dist(solution)
+    initial_dist = params.clone().detach().dist(solution)
 
     def eval(params, w):
         # Depending on w, provide only the x or y gradient
         optimizer.zero_grad()
         loss = rosenbrock(params)
         loss.backward()
-        grad = drosenbrock(params.data)
+        grad = drosenbrock(params.clone().detach())
         # NB: We torture test the optimizer by returning an
         # uncoalesced sparse tensor
         if w:
@@ -256,7 +254,7 @@ def eval(params, w):
             else:
                 scheduler.step()
 
-    torch_tc.assertLessEqual(params.data.dist(solution), initial_dist)
+    torch_tc.assertLessEqual(params.clone().detach().dist(solution), initial_dist)
 
 
 def _build_params_dict(weight, bias, **kwargs):
diff --git a/timm/layers/mlp.py b/timm/layers/mlp.py
index a68ae4bcca..11d9eeca32 100644
--- a/timm/layers/mlp.py
+++ b/timm/layers/mlp.py
@@ -130,8 +130,6 @@ def __init__(
         self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_features, out_features, bias=bias[1])
         self.drop2 = nn.Dropout(drop_probs[1])
 
-        self.drop = nn.Dropout(drop)
-
     def init_weights(self):
         # override init of fc1 w/ gate portion set to weight near zero, bias=1
         nn.init.ones_(self.fc1_g.bias)
diff --git a/timm/models/beit.py b/timm/models/beit.py
index 3863198f12..663dcc4bd4 100644
--- a/timm/models/beit.py
+++ b/timm/models/beit.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def forward(self, x, shared_rel_pos_bias: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
             x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=rel_pos_bias,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/cait.py b/timm/models/cait.py
index 4bc7dafc53..40d56061d3 100644
--- a/timm/models/cait.py
+++ b/timm/models/cait.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x_cls = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/eva.py b/timm/models/eva.py
index 81bcce525d..68b315386c 100644
--- a/timm/models/eva.py
+++ b/timm/models/eva.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def forward(
             x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=attn_mask,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/fastvit.py b/timm/models/fastvit.py
index d3d9bfdf65..b3143ae58b 100644
--- a/timm/models/fastvit.py
+++ b/timm/models/fastvit.py
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/maxxvit.py b/timm/models/maxxvit.py
index 12709f5818..6283443ce5 100644
--- a/timm/models/maxxvit.py
+++ b/timm/models/maxxvit.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def forward(self, x, shared_rel_pos: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
                 k.transpose(-1, -2).contiguous(),
                 v.transpose(-1, -2).contiguous(),
                 attn_mask=attn_bias,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             ).transpose(-1, -2).reshape(B, -1, H, W)
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def forward(self, x, shared_rel_pos: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=attn_bias,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/metaformer.py b/timm/models/metaformer.py
index 98a79f598b..7b026a2e43 100644
--- a/timm/models/metaformer.py
+++ b/timm/models/metaformer.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/nest.py b/timm/models/nest.py
index de57ec6e99..d1901cee21 100644
--- a/timm/models/nest.py
+++ b/timm/models/nest.py
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ def __init__(self, dim, num_heads=8, qkv_bias=False, attn_drop=0., proj_drop=0.)
     def forward(self, x):
         """
         x is shape: B (batch_size), T (image blocks), N (seq length per image block), C (embed dim)
-        """ 
+        """
         B, T, N, C = x.shape
         # result of next line is (qkv, B, num (H)eads, T, N, (C')hannels per head)
         qkv = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, T, N, 3, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).permute(3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 5)
         q, k, v = qkv.unbind(0)  # make torchscript happy (cannot use tensor as tuple)
 
         if self.fused_attn:
-            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p)
+            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.)
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
             attn = q @ k.transpose(-2, -1) # (B, H, T, N, N)
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ def __init__(
         # Hint: (img_size // patch_size) gives number of patches along edge of image. sqrt(self.num_blocks[0]) is the
         #  number of blocks along edge of image
         self.block_size = int((img_size // patch_size) // math.sqrt(self.num_blocks[0]))
-        
+
         # Patch embedding
         self.patch_embed = PatchEmbed(
             img_size=img_size,
diff --git a/timm/models/pvt_v2.py b/timm/models/pvt_v2.py
index 00379b158a..16302002eb 100644
--- a/timm/models/pvt_v2.py
+++ b/timm/models/pvt_v2.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def forward(self, x, feat_size: List[int]):
         k, v = kv.unbind(0)
 
         if self.fused_attn:
-            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p)
+            x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.)
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
             attn = q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)
diff --git a/timm/models/swin_transformer.py b/timm/models/swin_transformer.py
index 41b45afb69..34452c7cf1 100644
--- a/timm/models/swin_transformer.py
+++ b/timm/models/swin_transformer.py
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def forward(self, x, mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=attn_mask,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/twins.py b/timm/models/twins.py
index b96a0234d0..3cd25fb433 100644
--- a/timm/models/twins.py
+++ b/timm/models/twins.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def forward(self, x, size: Size_):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def forward(self, x, size: Size_):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/visformer.py b/timm/models/visformer.py
index 9f5da60be5..953fc64d5e 100644
--- a/timm/models/visformer.py
+++ b/timm/models/visformer.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q.contiguous(), k.contiguous(), v.contiguous(),
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/vision_transformer.py b/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
index c992c14f9f..2d374085c9 100644
--- a/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
+++ b/timm/models/vision_transformer.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
         if self.fused_attn:
             x_attn = F.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ def _cfg(url='', **kwargs):
         url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/dino/dino_vitbase8_pretrain/dino_vitbase8_pretrain.pth',
         hf_hub_id='timm/',
         mean=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, std=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD, num_classes=0),
-    
+
     # DINOv2 pretrained - https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.07193 (no classifier head, for fine-tune/features only)
     'vit_small_patch14_dinov2.lvd142m': _cfg(
         url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/dinov2/dinov2_vits14/dinov2_vits14_pretrain.pth',
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ def _cfg(url='', **kwargs):
         hf_hub_id='timm/',
         license='cc-by-nc-4.0',
         mean=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, std=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD, num_classes=0),
-    
+
     'vit_huge_patch14_ijepa_224.in1k': _cfg(
         url='https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/ijepa/IN1K-vit.h.14-300e.pth.tar',
         # hf_hub_id='timm/',
@@ -2182,7 +2182,7 @@ def vit_giant_patch14_dinov2(pretrained=False, **kwargs) -> VisionTransformer:
     # With SwiGLUPacked, we need to set hidden_features = 2 * 4096 = 8192
 
     model_args = dict(
-        patch_size=14, embed_dim=1536, depth=40, num_heads=24, init_values=1e-5, 
+        patch_size=14, embed_dim=1536, depth=40, num_heads=24, init_values=1e-5,
         mlp_ratio=2.66667 * 2, mlp_layer=SwiGLUPacked, img_size=518, act_layer=nn.SiLU
     )
     model = _create_vision_transformer(
diff --git a/timm/models/vision_transformer_relpos.py b/timm/models/vision_transformer_relpos.py
index ea428587c1..2cd37cfe7e 100644
--- a/timm/models/vision_transformer_relpos.py
+++ b/timm/models/vision_transformer_relpos.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def forward(self, x, shared_rel_pos: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None):
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=attn_bias,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale
diff --git a/timm/models/vision_transformer_sam.py b/timm/models/vision_transformer_sam.py
index 53c49b071e..59b354fb3d 100644
--- a/timm/models/vision_transformer_sam.py
+++ b/timm/models/vision_transformer_sam.py
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def forward(self, x):
             x = torch.nn.functional.scaled_dot_product_attention(
                 q, k, v,
                 attn_mask=attn_bias,
-                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p,
+                dropout_p=self.attn_drop.p if self.training else 0.,
             )
         else:
             q = q * self.scale