diff --git a/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/FhirInstanceValidatorR4Test.java b/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/FhirInstanceValidatorR4Test.java
index da6f97b3192..87e3a9e2337 100644
--- a/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/FhirInstanceValidatorR4Test.java
+++ b/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/FhirInstanceValidatorR4Test.java
@@ -233,7 +233,6 @@ public void testValidateStorageResponseCodeBad() {
 		List<SingleValidationMessage> all = logResultsAndReturnErrorOnes(result);
 		assertThat(result.isSuccessful()).as(all.toString()).isFalse();
 		assertThat(result.getMessages().get(0).getMessage()).startsWith("Unknown code 'https://hapifhir.io/fhir/CodeSystem/hapi-fhir-storage-response-code#foo'");
-
 	}
 
 	@Test
diff --git a/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/ParserWithValidationR4Test.java b/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/ParserWithValidationR4Test.java
index 780562ee882..2b06db5209c 100644
--- a/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/ParserWithValidationR4Test.java
+++ b/hapi-fhir-validation/src/test/java/org/hl7/fhir/r4/validation/ParserWithValidationR4Test.java
@@ -4,15 +4,22 @@
 import ca.uhn.fhir.context.support.DefaultProfileValidationSupport;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.context.support.IValidationSupport;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.fhirpath.BaseValidationTestWithInlineMocks;
+import ca.uhn.fhir.parser.IParser;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.validation.FhirValidator;
+import ca.uhn.fhir.validation.ResultSeverityEnum;
+import ca.uhn.fhir.validation.ValidationOptions;
 import ca.uhn.fhir.validation.ValidationResult;
 import org.hl7.fhir.common.hapi.validation.support.ValidationSupportChain;
 import org.hl7.fhir.common.hapi.validation.validator.FhirInstanceValidator;
 import org.hl7.fhir.r4.model.MedicationRequest;
+import org.hl7.fhir.r4.model.Patient;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+
 public class ParserWithValidationR4Test extends BaseValidationTestWithInlineMocks {
 	private static final FhirContext ourCtx = FhirContext.forR4();
 
@@ -30,6 +37,44 @@ public void testActivityDefinitionElementsOrder() throws IOException {
 		validationResult.getMessages().forEach(System.out::println);
 	}
 
+	// https://www.hl7.org/fhir/r4/resource-operation-validate.html
+	@Test
+	public void validate_withUnknownProfile_shouldFail() {
+		// setup
+		IParser parser = ourCtx.newJsonParser();
+		Patient patient;
+		{
+			String patientStr = """
+    			{
+    				"resourceType": "Patient",
+    				"name": [{
+    					"family": "Hirasawa",
+    					"given": [ "yui" ]
+    				}]
+    			}
+				""";
+			patient = parser.parseResource(Patient.class, patientStr);
+		}
+
+		// test
+		ValidationOptions options = new ValidationOptions();
+		options.addProfile("http://tempuri.org/does-not-exist");
+
+		final FhirInstanceValidator instanceValidator = new FhirInstanceValidator(ourCtx);
+		FhirValidator validator = ourCtx.newValidator();
+
+		// test
+		validator.registerValidatorModule(instanceValidator);
+		ValidationResult validationResult = validator.validateWithResult(patient, options);
+
+		// verify
+		assertFalse(validationResult.isSuccessful());
+		assertTrue(validationResult.getMessages().stream()
+			.anyMatch(r -> r.getSeverity() == ResultSeverityEnum.ERROR));
+		// TODO - add validation for the specific error to be thrown
+	}
+
+
 	private IValidationSupport getValidationSupport() {
 		return new ValidationSupportChain(new DefaultProfileValidationSupport(ourCtx));
 	}