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NPM and Plugin Guide

版本

  • NPM

package.json

peerDependency

https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v6/configuring-npm/package-json#peerdependencies

In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a require of this host. This is usually referred to as a plugin. Notably, your module may be exposing a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation.

通常是在插件开发的场景下，你的插件需要某些依赖的支持，但是你又没必要去安装，因为插件的宿主会去安装这些依赖，你就可以用peerDependencies去声明一下需要依赖的插件和版本，如果出问题npm就会有警告来提醒使用者去解决版本冲突问题。(翻译出处之一)

NPM 日常使用

新建项目

# Commands tested on windows
mkdir projectName
cd projectName

# 1. 根据提示输入，一步一步创建 package.json;
npm init

# 2. 直接初始化一个默认的 package.json (y = yes)
npm init -y

mkdir src
cd src
echo off > index.js

常用命令

nvm -v //检查nvm是否安装成功

Running version 1.1.7.

Usage:

  nvm arch                     : Show if node is running in 32 or 64 bit mode.
  nvm install <version> [arch] : The version can be a node.js version or "latest" for the latest stable version.
                                 Optionally specify whether to install the 32 or 64 bit version (defaults to system arch).
                                 Set [arch] to "all" to install 32 AND 64 bit versions.
                                 Add --insecure to the end of this command to bypass SSL validation of the remote download server.
  nvm list [available]         : List the node.js installations. Type "available" at the end to see what can be installed. Aliased as ls.
  nvm on                       : Enable node.js version management.
  nvm off                      : Disable node.js version management.
  nvm proxy [url]              : Set a proxy to use for downloads. Leave [url] blank to see the current proxy.
                                 Set [url] to "none" to remove the proxy.
  nvm node_mirror [url]        : Set the node mirror. Defaults to https://nodejs.org/dist/. Leave [url] blank to use default url.
  nvm npm_mirror [url]         : Set the npm mirror. Defaults to https://github.com/npm/cli/archive/. Leave [url] blank to default url.
  nvm uninstall <version>      : The version must be a specific version.
  nvm use [version] [arch]     : Switch to use the specified version. Optionally specify 32/64bit architecture.
                                 nvm use <arch> will continue using the selected version, but switch to 32/64 bit mode.
  nvm root [path]              : Set the directory where nvm should store different versions of node.js.
                                 If <path> is not set, the current root will be displayed.
  nvm version                  : Displays the current running version of nvm for Windows. Aliased as v.

基本用法

  • 安装包，查看包信息
# Dependency package
npm install <packageName>
npm install <packageName> -f
npm install <packageName> --force

# Dev dependency package
npm install --save-dev <packageName>

npm update <packageName>

npm view react
npm view 的别名
npm info react
npm show react
npm v react
  • Install webpack webpack-cli
# 安装多插件到开发环境依赖
npm install webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
# 简写 i = install, 简写 -D = --save-dev, 简写 -S = --save
npm i webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
npm install webpack webpack-cli -D

# dependency
npm i webpack --save
# global
npm i -g webpack
  • Publish NPM package
# 1. Create your custom package project with package.json;

# 2. Export your package in index.js;
module.exports = customPackage;

# 3. Login, input your NPM account username, password, email
npm login

# 4. Publish
npm publish

# 5. Update
npm version patch
npm version minor
npm version major
npm publish

# 6. 撤销
npm --force unpublish [email protected]
  • NPM Link: Test packages before publish
# cd yx-node
# Go to package directory, such as @daybyday/yx-node
# Generate package link
npm link

# cd blog
# Go to your test project which use your package
# Add link to project package.json
npm link @daybyday/yx-node

# You can test it now.

# Error: React Hooks Error: Hooks can only be called inside the body of a function component
# Solve: 让组件库依赖测试项目的 react，这样就不会存在版本冲突的问题，如下
cd demo/react-components
npm link ../test-component-project/node-modules/react
# 重新build组件，在测试项目中 npm link 'react-components' （packageName）

# unlink
npm unlink @daybyday/yx-node
  • Config
# package version prefix
npm config set save-exact true  # 最高优先
npm config set save-prefix "~"  # 注意双引号
npm config set save-prefix "^"  # 注意双引号, 默认值

# 查看安装包的版本与最新版本比较
npm outdate
#Package                    Current   Wanted   Latest  Location
#@hot-loader/react-dom      16.13.0  16.14.0   17.0.1  xx
#@testing-library/jest-dom   5.11.1   5.11.9   5.11.9  xx
#dayjs                       1.10.3   1.10.4   1.10.4  xx
#enzyme-adapter-react-16     1.15.2   1.15.6   1.15.6  xx
#intersection-observer       0.11.0   0.11.0   0.12.0  xx
#lodash                     4.17.19  4.17.20  4.17.20  xx

# 查看 npm 安装路径
npm config get prefix
C:\Users\xxxx\AppData\Roaming\npm
  • 场景示例
# script 参数
npm build --param1 123

问题列表

  • npm ERR! Unexpected end of JSON input while parsing near '....0.0","inherits":"^2.'
npm clean cache --force

The problem is with the spaces in URL(C:\Program Files). Try to install the nvm directly in C:/ or in other folder without spaces in the PATH.

  • 发布 NPM 包版本时： npm ERR! 403 403 Forbidden - PUT * - [no_perms] Private mode enable, only admin can publish this module

registry 配置项被修改为非 npmjs, 需要重新设置为 npmjs

npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
  • Git set custom registry when group is using cnpm
# Just only set @xx/xxxxxx for your group's components;
npm config set "@xx:registry" https://npm.xxxxxx.net.cn:/

# Reset default npm registry
npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
# Reset Taobao npm registry
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org/
  • npm ERR! code E401 npm ERR! 401 Unauthorized - PUT https://xxx - [unauthorized] Login first

可能是 cnpm 和 npm 设置 registry 的变更导致已登录账号的信息在另外的环境上，暂时是通过修改账号名的方式解决。 npm ERR! 409 Conflict - PUT https://[cnpm]/-/user/org.couchdb.user:[username] - [conflict] User [username] already exists · Issue #1607 · cnpm/cnpmjs.org

  • npm ERR! cb() never called!
# 删除代理
npm config rm proxy
npm config rm https-proxy
  • TypeError [ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE]: The "path" argument must be of type string. Received undefined

throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(name, 'string', value);

# (C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\nrm\cli.js:17:20)
# const NRMRC = path.join(process.env.HOME, '.nrmrc');
const NRMRC = path.join(process.env[(process.platform == 'win32') ? 'USERPROFILE' : 'HOME'], '.nrmrc');
  • npm i -g whistle 后 w2 start 的 error
# 无法加载文件 C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Roaming\npm\w2.ps1，因为在此系统上禁止运行脚本。有关详细信息，请参阅 https:/go.
# microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170 中的 about_Execution_Policies。
# 所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
  # 1. 以理员身份打开 powershell
  # 2. 输入 `set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned`
  # 3. 输入 Y
  # 4. 重试 w2 start
  • npm install gyp ERR! stack Error: EACCES: permission denied, mkdir ...
# npm 出于安全考虑不支持以 root 用户运行，即使你用 root 用户身份运行了，npm 会自动转成一个叫 nobody 的用户来运行，而这个用户几乎没有任何权限。这样的话如果脚本里有一些需要权限的操作，比如写文件（尤其是写 /root/.node-gyp），就会崩掉。

# 为了避免这种情况，要么按照 npm 的规矩来，专门建一个用于运行 npm 的高权限用户；要么加 --unsafe-perm 参数，这样就不会切换到 nobody 上，运行时是哪个用户就是哪个用户，即使是 root。
npm install --unsafe-perm
  • could not resolve dependency: npm err! peer react@"^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0" from @xxxx
# 1
npm config set legacy-peer-deps true
npm i

# 2
npm install --legacy-peer-deps
  • requires a peer of react@^16.8.0 but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
# 手动安装其开发依赖
npm install --save-dev react@^16.8.0

NVM: Node version manager

镜像设置

在使用nvm安装node的过程中如果速度太慢的话，可以设置改用淘宝的镜像地址

在nvm安装目录下的setting.txt文件中加入以下代码

node_mirror: https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/
npm_mirror: https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/npm/

安装 NVM

Windows

coreybutler/nvm-windows: A node.js version management utility for Windows. Ironically written in Go.

  1. Uninstall all node;
  2. Download and install nvm; (windows: nvm-setup.zip) nvm-windows
  3. Check and find usage;

Mac

macOS 上使用 brew 安装 NVM 管理 node.js

参考