miniterm.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Very simple serial terminal
# (C)2002-2011 Chris Liechti <cliechti@gmx.net>

# Input characters are sent directly (only LF -> CR/LF/CRLF translation is
# done), received characters are displayed as is (or escaped trough pythons
# repr, useful for debug purposes)


import sys, os, serial, threading
try:
    from serial.tools.list_ports import comports
except ImportError:
    comports = None

EXITCHARCTER = '\x1d'   # GS/CTRL+]
MENUCHARACTER = '\x14'  # Menu: CTRL+T

DEFAULT_PORT = None
DEFAULT_BAUDRATE = 9600
DEFAULT_RTS = None
DEFAULT_DTR = None


def key_description(character):
    """generate a readable description for a key"""
    ascii_code = ord(character)
    if ascii_code < 32:
        return 'Ctrl+%c' % (ord('@') + ascii_code)
    else:
        return repr(character)


# help text, starts with blank line! it's a function so that the current values
# for the shortcut keys is used and not the value at program start
def get_help_text():
    return """
--- pySerial (%(version)s) - miniterm - help
---
--- %(exit)-8s Exit program
--- %(menu)-8s Menu escape key, followed by:
--- Menu keys:
---    %(itself)-7s Send the menu character itself to remote
---    %(exchar)-7s Send the exit character itself to remote
---    %(info)-7s Show info
---    %(upload)-7s Upload file (prompt will be shown)
--- Toggles:
---    %(rts)-7s RTS          %(echo)-7s local echo
---    %(dtr)-7s DTR          %(break)-7s BREAK
---    %(lfm)-7s line feed    %(repr)-7s Cycle repr mode
---
--- Port settings (%(menu)s followed by the following):
---    p          change port
---    7 8        set data bits
---    n e o s m  change parity (None, Even, Odd, Space, Mark)
---    1 2 3      set stop bits (1, 2, 1.5)
---    b          change baud rate
---    x X        disable/enable software flow control
---    r R        disable/enable hardware flow control
""" % {
    'version': getattr(serial, 'VERSION', 'unknown version'),
    'exit': key_description(EXITCHARCTER),
    'menu': key_description(MENUCHARACTER),
    'rts': key_description('\x12'),
    'repr': key_description('\x01'),
    'dtr': key_description('\x04'),
    'lfm': key_description('\x0c'),
    'break': key_description('\x02'),
    'echo': key_description('\x05'),
    'info': key_description('\x09'),
    'upload': key_description('\x15'),
    'itself': key_description(MENUCHARACTER),
    'exchar': key_description(EXITCHARCTER),
}

if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
    def character(b):
        return b.decode('latin1')
else:
    def character(b):
        return b

# first choose a platform dependant way to read single characters from the console
global console

if os.name == 'nt':
    import msvcrt
    class Console(object):
        def __init__(self):
            pass

        def setup(self):
            pass    # Do nothing for 'nt'

        def cleanup(self):
            pass    # Do nothing for 'nt'

        def getkey(self):
            while True:
                z = msvcrt.getch()
                if z == '\0' or z == '\xe0':    # functions keys, ignore
                    msvcrt.getch()
                else:
                    if z == '\r':
                        return '\n'
                    return z

    console = Console()

elif os.name == 'posix':
    import termios, sys, os
    class Console(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.fd = sys.stdin.fileno()

        def setup(self):
            self.old = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            new = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ICANON & ~termios.ECHO & ~termios.ISIG
            new[6][termios.VMIN] = 1
            new[6][termios.VTIME] = 0
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSANOW, new)

        def getkey(self):
            c = os.read(self.fd, 1)
            return c

        def cleanup(self):
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, self.old)

    console = Console()

    def cleanup_console():
        console.cleanup()

    console.setup()
    sys.exitfunc = cleanup_console      # terminal modes have to be restored on exit...

else:
    raise NotImplementedError("Sorry no implementation for your platform (%s) available." % sys.platform)


CONVERT_CRLF = 2
CONVERT_CR   = 1
CONVERT_LF   = 0
NEWLINE_CONVERISON_MAP = ('\n', '\r', '\r\n')
LF_MODES = ('LF', 'CR', 'CR/LF')

REPR_MODES = ('raw', 'some control', 'all control', 'hex')

class Miniterm(object):
    def __init__(self, port, baudrate, parity, rtscts, xonxoff, echo=False, convert_outgoing=CONVERT_CRLF, repr_mode=0):
        try:
            self.serial = serial.serial_for_url(port, baudrate, parity=parity, rtscts=rtscts, xonxoff=xonxoff, timeout=1)
        except AttributeError:
            # happens when the installed pyserial is older than 2.5. use the
            # Serial class directly then.
            self.serial = serial.Serial(port, baudrate, parity=parity, rtscts=rtscts, xonxoff=xonxoff, timeout=1)
        self.echo = echo
        self.repr_mode = repr_mode
        self.convert_outgoing = convert_outgoing
        self.newline = NEWLINE_CONVERISON_MAP[self.convert_outgoing]
        self.dtr_state = True
        self.rts_state = True
        self.break_state = False

    def _start_reader(self):
        """Start reader thread"""
        self._reader_alive = True
        # start serial->console thread
        self.receiver_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.reader)
        self.receiver_thread.setDaemon(True)
        self.receiver_thread.start()

    def _stop_reader(self):
        """Stop reader thread only, wait for clean exit of thread"""
        self._reader_alive = False
        self.receiver_thread.join()


    def start(self):
        self.alive = True
        self._start_reader()
        # enter console->serial loop
        self.transmitter_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.writer)
        self.transmitter_thread.setDaemon(True)
        self.transmitter_thread.start()

    def stop(self):
        self.alive = False

    def join(self, transmit_only=False):
        self.transmitter_thread.join()
        if not transmit_only:
            self.receiver_thread.join()

    def dump_port_settings(self):
        sys.stderr.write("\n--- Settings: %s  %s,%s,%s,%s\n" % (
                self.serial.portstr,
                self.serial.baudrate,
                self.serial.bytesize,
                self.serial.parity,
                self.serial.stopbits))
        sys.stderr.write('--- RTS: %-8s  DTR: %-8s  BREAK: %-8s\n' % (
                (self.rts_state and 'active' or 'inactive'),
                (self.dtr_state and 'active' or 'inactive'),
                (self.break_state and 'active' or 'inactive')))
        try:
            sys.stderr.write('--- CTS: %-8s  DSR: %-8s  RI: %-8s  CD: %-8s\n' % (
                    (self.serial.getCTS() and 'active' or 'inactive'),
                    (self.serial.getDSR() and 'active' or 'inactive'),
                    (self.serial.getRI() and 'active' or 'inactive'),
                    (self.serial.getCD() and 'active' or 'inactive')))
        except serial.SerialException:
            # on RFC 2217 ports it can happen to no modem state notification was
            # yet received. ignore this error.
            pass
        sys.stderr.write('--- software flow control: %s\n' % (self.serial.xonxoff and 'active' or 'inactive'))
        sys.stderr.write('--- hardware flow control: %s\n' % (self.serial.rtscts and 'active' or 'inactive'))
        sys.stderr.write('--- data escaping: %s  linefeed: %s\n' % (
                REPR_MODES[self.repr_mode],
                LF_MODES[self.convert_outgoing]))

    def dump_port_list(self):
        if comports:
            sys.stderr.write('\n--- Available ports:\n')
            for port, desc, hwid in sorted(comports()):
                #~ sys.stderr.write('--- %-20s %s [%s]\n' % (port, desc, hwid))
                sys.stderr.write('--- %-20s %s\n' % (port, desc))

    def reader(self):
        """loop and copy serial->console"""
        try:
            while self.alive and self._reader_alive:
                data = character(self.serial.read(1))

                if self.repr_mode == 0:
                    # direct output, just have to care about newline setting
                    if data == '\r' and self.convert_outgoing == CONVERT_CR:
                        sys.stdout.write('\n')
                    else:
                        sys.stdout.write(data)
                elif self.repr_mode == 1:
                    # escape non-printable, let pass newlines
                    if self.convert_outgoing == CONVERT_CRLF and data in '\r\n':
                        if data == '\n':
                            sys.stdout.write('\n')
                        elif data == '\r':
                            pass
                    elif data == '\n' and self.convert_outgoing == CONVERT_LF:
                        sys.stdout.write('\n')
                    elif data == '\r' and self.convert_outgoing == CONVERT_CR:
                        sys.stdout.write('\n')
                    else:
                        sys.stdout.write(repr(data)[1:-1])
                elif self.repr_mode == 2:
                    # escape all non-printable, including newline
                    sys.stdout.write(repr(data)[1:-1])
                elif self.repr_mode == 3:
                    # escape everything (hexdump)
                    for c in data:
                        sys.stdout.write("%s " % c.encode('hex'))
                sys.stdout.flush()
        except serial.SerialException, e:
            self.alive = False
            # would be nice if the console reader could be interruptted at this
            # point...
            raise


    def writer(self):
        """\
        Loop and copy console->serial until EXITCHARCTER character is
        found. When MENUCHARACTER is found, interpret the next key
        locally.
        """
        menu_active = False
        try:
            while self.alive:
                try:
                    b = console.getkey()
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    b = serial.to_bytes([3])
                c = character(b)
                if menu_active:
                    if c == MENUCHARACTER or c == EXITCHARCTER: # Menu character again/exit char -> send itself
                        self.serial.write(b)                    # send character
                        if self.echo:
                            sys.stdout.write(c)
                    elif c == '\x15':                       # CTRL+U -> upload file
                        sys.stderr.write('\n--- File to upload: ')
                        sys.stderr.flush()
                        console.cleanup()
                        filename = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
                        if filename:
                            try:
                                file = open(filename, 'r')
                                sys.stderr.write('--- Sending file %s ---\n' % filename)
                                while True:
                                    line = file.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
                                    if not line:
                                        break
                                    self.serial.write(line)
                                    self.serial.write('\r\n')
                                    # Wait for output buffer to drain.
                                    self.serial.flush()
                                    sys.stderr.write('.')   # Progress indicator.
                                sys.stderr.write('\n--- File %s sent ---\n' % filename)
                            except IOError, e:
                                sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR opening file %s: %s ---\n' % (filename, e))
                        console.setup()
                    elif c in '\x08hH?':                    # CTRL+H, h, H, ? -> Show help
                        sys.stderr.write(get_help_text())
                    elif c == '\x12':                       # CTRL+R -> Toggle RTS
                        self.rts_state = not self.rts_state
                        self.serial.setRTS(self.rts_state)
                        sys.stderr.write('--- RTS %s ---\n' % (self.rts_state and 'active' or 'inactive'))
                    elif c == '\x04':                       # CTRL+D -> Toggle DTR
                        self.dtr_state = not self.dtr_state
                        self.serial.setDTR(self.dtr_state)
                        sys.stderr.write('--- DTR %s ---\n' % (self.dtr_state and 'active' or 'inactive'))
                    elif c == '\x02':                       # CTRL+B -> toggle BREAK condition
                        self.break_state = not self.break_state
                        self.serial.setBreak(self.break_state)
                        sys.stderr.write('--- BREAK %s ---\n' % (self.break_state and 'active' or 'inactive'))
                    elif c == '\x05':                       # CTRL+E -> toggle local echo
                        self.echo = not self.echo
                        sys.stderr.write('--- local echo %s ---\n' % (self.echo and 'active' or 'inactive'))
                    elif c == '\x09':                       # CTRL+I -> info
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c == '\x01':                       # CTRL+A -> cycle escape mode
                        self.repr_mode += 1
                        if self.repr_mode > 3:
                            self.repr_mode = 0
                        sys.stderr.write('--- escape data: %s ---\n' % (
                            REPR_MODES[self.repr_mode],
                        ))
                    elif c == '\x0c':                       # CTRL+L -> cycle linefeed mode
                        self.convert_outgoing += 1
                        if self.convert_outgoing > 2:
                            self.convert_outgoing = 0
                        self.newline = NEWLINE_CONVERISON_MAP[self.convert_outgoing]
                        sys.stderr.write('--- line feed %s ---\n' % (
                            LF_MODES[self.convert_outgoing],
                        ))
                    elif c in 'pP':                         # P -> change port
                        self.dump_port_list()
                        sys.stderr.write('--- Enter port name: ')
                        sys.stderr.flush()
                        console.cleanup()
                        try:
                            port = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
                        except KeyboardInterrupt:
                            port = None
                        console.setup()
                        if port and port != self.serial.port:
                            # reader thread needs to be shut down
                            self._stop_reader()
                            # save settings
                            settings = self.serial.getSettingsDict()
                            try:
                                try:
                                    new_serial = serial.serial_for_url(port, do_not_open=True)
                                except AttributeError:
                                    # happens when the installed pyserial is older than 2.5. use the
                                    # Serial class directly then.
                                    new_serial = serial.Serial()
                                    new_serial.port = port
                                # restore settings and open
                                new_serial.applySettingsDict(settings)
                                new_serial.open()
                                new_serial.setRTS(self.rts_state)
                                new_serial.setDTR(self.dtr_state)
                                new_serial.setBreak(self.break_state)
                            except Exception, e:
                                sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR opening new port: %s ---\n' % (e,))
                                new_serial.close()
                            else:
                                self.serial.close()
                                self.serial = new_serial
                                sys.stderr.write('--- Port changed to: %s ---\n' % (self.serial.port,))
                            # and restart the reader thread
                            self._start_reader()
                    elif c in 'bB':                         # B -> change baudrate
                        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Baudrate: ')
                        sys.stderr.flush()
                        console.cleanup()
                        backup = self.serial.baudrate
                        try:
                            self.serial.baudrate = int(sys.stdin.readline().strip())
                        except ValueError, e:
                            sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR setting baudrate: %s ---\n' % (e,))
                            self.serial.baudrate = backup
                        else:
                            self.dump_port_settings()
                        console.setup()
                    elif c == '8':                          # 8 -> change to 8 bits
                        self.serial.bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c == '7':                          # 7 -> change to 8 bits
                        self.serial.bytesize = serial.SEVENBITS
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'eE':                         # E -> change to even parity
                        self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_EVEN
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'oO':                         # O -> change to odd parity
                        self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_ODD
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'mM':                         # M -> change to mark parity
                        self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_MARK
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'sS':                         # S -> change to space parity
                        self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_SPACE
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'nN':                         # N -> change to no parity
                        self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c == '1':                          # 1 -> change to 1 stop bits
                        self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c == '2':                          # 2 -> change to 2 stop bits
                        self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_TWO
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c == '3':                          # 3 -> change to 1.5 stop bits
                        self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE_POINT_FIVE
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'xX':                         # X -> change software flow control
                        self.serial.xonxoff = (c == 'X')
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    elif c in 'rR':                         # R -> change hardware flow control
                        self.serial.rtscts = (c == 'R')
                        self.dump_port_settings()
                    else:
                        sys.stderr.write('--- unknown menu character %s --\n' % key_description(c))
                    menu_active = False
                elif c == MENUCHARACTER: # next char will be for menu
                    menu_active = True
                elif c == EXITCHARCTER: 
                    self.stop()
                    break                                   # exit app
                elif c == '\n':
                    self.serial.write(self.newline)         # send newline character(s)
                    if self.echo:
                        sys.stdout.write(c)                 # local echo is a real newline in any case
                        sys.stdout.flush()
                else:
                    self.serial.write(b)                    # send byte
                    if self.echo:
                        sys.stdout.write(c)
                        sys.stdout.flush()
        except:
            self.alive = False
            raise

def main():
    import optparse

    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
        usage = "%prog [options] [port [baudrate]]",
        description = "Miniterm - A simple terminal program for the serial port."
    )

    parser.add_option("-p", "--port",
        dest = "port",
        help = "port, a number or a device name. (deprecated option, use parameter instead)",
        default = DEFAULT_PORT
    )

    parser.add_option("-b", "--baud",
        dest = "baudrate",
        action = "store",
        type = 'int',
        help = "set baud rate, default %default",
        default = DEFAULT_BAUDRATE
    )

    parser.add_option("--parity",
        dest = "parity",
        action = "store",
        help = "set parity, one of [N, E, O, S, M], default=N",
        default = 'N'
    )

    parser.add_option("-e", "--echo",
        dest = "echo",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "enable local echo (default off)",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("--rtscts",
        dest = "rtscts",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "enable RTS/CTS flow control (default off)",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("--xonxoff",
        dest = "xonxoff",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "enable software flow control (default off)",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("--cr",
        dest = "cr",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "do not send CR+LF, send CR only",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("--lf",
        dest = "lf",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "do not send CR+LF, send LF only",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("-D", "--debug",
        dest = "repr_mode",
        action = "count",
        help = """debug received data (escape non-printable chars)
--debug can be given multiple times:
0: just print what is received
1: escape non-printable characters, do newlines as unusual
2: escape non-printable characters, newlines too
3: hex dump everything""",
        default = 0
    )

    parser.add_option("--rts",
        dest = "rts_state",
        action = "store",
        type = 'int',
        help = "set initial RTS line state (possible values: 0, 1)",
        default = DEFAULT_RTS
    )

    parser.add_option("--dtr",
        dest = "dtr_state",
        action = "store",
        type = 'int',
        help = "set initial DTR line state (possible values: 0, 1)",
        default = DEFAULT_DTR
    )

    parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
        dest = "quiet",
        action = "store_true",
        help = "suppress non error messages",
        default = False
    )

    parser.add_option("--exit-char",
        dest = "exit_char",
        action = "store",
        type = 'int',
        help = "ASCII code of special character that is used to exit the application",
        default = 0x1d
    )

    parser.add_option("--menu-char",
        dest = "menu_char",
        action = "store",
        type = 'int',
        help = "ASCII code of special character that is used to control miniterm (menu)",
        default = 0x14
    )

    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()

    options.parity = options.parity.upper()
    if options.parity not in 'NEOSM':
        parser.error("invalid parity")

    if options.cr and options.lf:
        parser.error("only one of --cr or --lf can be specified")

    if options.menu_char == options.exit_char:
        parser.error('--exit-char can not be the same as --menu-char')

    global EXITCHARCTER, MENUCHARACTER
    EXITCHARCTER = chr(options.exit_char)
    MENUCHARACTER = chr(options.menu_char)

    port = options.port
    baudrate = options.baudrate
    if args:
        if options.port is not None:
            parser.error("no arguments are allowed, options only when --port is given")
        port = args.pop(0)
        if args:
            try:
                baudrate = int(args[0])
            except ValueError:
                parser.error("baud rate must be a number, not %r" % args[0])
            args.pop(0)
        if args:
            parser.error("too many arguments")
    else:
        if port is None: port = 0

    convert_outgoing = CONVERT_CRLF
    if options.cr:
        convert_outgoing = CONVERT_CR
    elif options.lf:
        convert_outgoing = CONVERT_LF

    try:
        miniterm = Miniterm(
            port,
            baudrate,
            options.parity,
            rtscts=options.rtscts,
            xonxoff=options.xonxoff,
            echo=options.echo,
            convert_outgoing=convert_outgoing,
            repr_mode=options.repr_mode,
        )
    except serial.SerialException, e:
        sys.stderr.write("could not open port %r: %s\n" % (port, e))
        sys.exit(1)

    if not options.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write('--- Miniterm on %s: %d,%s,%s,%s ---\n' % (
            miniterm.serial.portstr,
            miniterm.serial.baudrate,
            miniterm.serial.bytesize,
            miniterm.serial.parity,
            miniterm.serial.stopbits,
        ))
        sys.stderr.write('--- Quit: %s  |  Menu: %s | Help: %s followed by %s ---\n' % (
            key_description(EXITCHARCTER),
            key_description(MENUCHARACTER),
            key_description(MENUCHARACTER),
            key_description('\x08'),
        ))

    if options.dtr_state is not None:
        if not options.quiet:
            sys.stderr.write('--- forcing DTR %s\n' % (options.dtr_state and 'active' or 'inactive'))
        miniterm.serial.setDTR(options.dtr_state)
        miniterm.dtr_state = options.dtr_state
    if options.rts_state is not None:
        if not options.quiet:
            sys.stderr.write('--- forcing RTS %s\n' % (options.rts_state and 'active' or 'inactive'))
        miniterm.serial.setRTS(options.rts_state)
        miniterm.rts_state = options.rts_state

    miniterm.start()
    try:
        miniterm.join(True)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    if not options.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write("\n--- exit ---\n")
    miniterm.join()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()