diff --git a/tests/data/RTL_kerning_v3.glyphs b/tests/data/RTL_kerning_v3.glyphs
index 627a34c74..c2f129798 100644
--- a/tests/data/RTL_kerning_v3.glyphs
+++ b/tests/data/RTL_kerning_v3.glyphs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-.appVersion = "3149";
+.appVersion = "3324";
 .formatVersion = 3;
 DisplayStrings = (
 "אב",
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ name = Regular;
 axesValues = (
 100
 );
+iconName = Bold;
 id = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
 metricValues = (
 {
@@ -68,7 +69,9 @@ name = Bold;
 glyphs = (
 {
 glyphname = A;
-lastChange = "2022-12-13 14:06:47 +0000";
+kernLeft = A;
+kernRight = A;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:36:16 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
@@ -83,20 +86,30 @@ unicode = 65;
 },
 {
 glyphname = B;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
 unicode = 66;
 },
 {
 glyphname = C;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
 unicode = 67;
@@ -167,69 +180,113 @@ unicode = 1488;
 },
 {
 glyphname = "bet-hb";
+kernLeft = leftBet;
 kernRight = rightBet;
-lastChange = "2022-02-21 11:18:27 +0000";
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:43:24 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
 unicode = 1489;
 },
 {
 glyphname = "he-hb";
-lastChange = "2022-02-17 09:36:21 +0000";
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
 unicode = 1492;
 },
 {
-glyphname = "one-ar";
-kernLeft = "left-one-ar";
-lastChange = "2022-02-21 14:41:31 +0000";
+glyphname = space;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
-unicode = 1633;
+unicode = 32;
 },
 {
-glyphname = "one-ar.wide";
+glyphname = quotesingle;
+kernLeft = quotesingle;
+kernRight = quotesingle;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:43:13 +0000";
+layers = (
+{
+layerId = m01;
+width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
+}
+);
+unicode = 39;
+},
+{
+glyphname = "one-ar";
 kernLeft = "left-one-ar";
-lastChange = "2022-02-21 14:56:37 +0000";
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
+unicode = 1633;
 },
 {
-glyphname = one;
+glyphname = "one-ar.wide";
+kernLeft = "left-one-ar";
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
-unicode = 49;
 },
 {
-glyphname = space;
+glyphname = one;
+lastChange = "2024-10-31 10:35:36 +0000";
 layers = (
 {
 layerId = m01;
 width = 600;
+},
+{
+layerId = "B0D53B35-34A4-475E-9EF4-52C3D10908C6";
+width = 600;
 }
 );
-unicode = 32;
+unicode = 49;
 }
 );
 instances = (
@@ -243,6 +300,16 @@ instanceInterpolations = {
 name = Regular;
 }
 );
+kerningLTR = {
+m01 = {
+"@MMK_L_A" = {
+"@MMK_R_quotesingle" = -49;
+};
+"@MMK_L_quotesingle" = {
+"@MMK_R_A" = -49;
+};
+};
+};
 kerningRTL = {
 m01 = {
 "@MMK_R_leftAlef" = {
@@ -250,8 +317,12 @@ m01 = {
 "he-hb" = 4;
 };
 "@MMK_R_leftBet" = {
+"@MMK_L_quotesingle" = -30;
 "@MMK_L_rightAlef" = 20;
 };
+"@MMK_R_quotesingle" = {
+"@MMK_L_rightBet" = -20;
+};
 "@MMK_R_reh-ar" = {
 "@MMK_L_hah-ar.init.swsh" = -50;
 };
diff --git a/tests/glyphs3_test.py b/tests/glyphs3_test.py
index b2f7479db..2c1c49329 100644
--- a/tests/glyphs3_test.py
+++ b/tests/glyphs3_test.py
@@ -131,18 +131,34 @@ def test_glyphs3_rtl_kerning(datadir, ufo_module):
     designspace = glyphsLib.to_designspace(original_glyphs_font, ufo_module=ufo_module)
     first_derivative_ufos = [source.font for source in designspace.sources]
 
-    print(first_derivative_ufos[0].groups)
-    assert first_derivative_ufos[0].groups["public.kern1.reh-ar"] == ["reh-ar"]
-    assert first_derivative_ufos[0].groups["public.kern2.hah-ar.init.swsh"] == [
-        "hah-ar.init.swsh"
-    ]
-    assert (
-        first_derivative_ufos[0].kerning[
-            ("public.kern1.reh-ar", "public.kern2.hah-ar.init.swsh")
-        ]
-        == -50
-    )
-    assert first_derivative_ufos[0].kerning[("he-hb", "he-hb")] == -21
+    assert first_derivative_ufos[0].groups == {
+        "public.kern1.A": ["A"],
+        "public.kern2.A": ["A"],
+        "public.kern1.quotesingle": ["quotesingle"],
+        "public.kern2.quotesingle": ["quotesingle"],
+        "public.kern1.hah-ar.init": ["hah-ar.init"],
+        "public.kern2.hah-ar.init.swsh": ["hah-ar.init.swsh"],
+        "public.kern2.left-one-ar": ["one-ar", "one-ar.wide"],
+        "public.kern1.reh-ar": ["reh-ar"],
+        "public.kern1.leftAlef": ["alef-hb"],
+        "public.kern1.leftBet": ["bet-hb"],
+        "public.kern2.rightBet": ["bet-hb"],
+    }
+    assert first_derivative_ufos[0].kerning == {
+        ("public.kern1.A", "public.kern2.quotesingle"): -49,
+        # the (@quotesingle, @A) pair should not be overwritten by the
+        # (@quotesingle, @rightBet), both can co-exist in the combined kerning
+        # https://github.com/googlefonts/glyphsLib/issues/1039
+        ("public.kern1.quotesingle", "public.kern2.A"): -49,
+        ("public.kern1.quotesingle", "public.kern2.rightBet"): -20,
+        ("public.kern1.leftBet", "public.kern2.quotesingle"): -30,
+        ("public.kern1.leftBet", "public.kern2.rightAlef"): 20,
+        ("public.kern1.leftAlef", "public.kern2.rightBet"): -20,
+        ("public.kern1.leftAlef", "he-hb"): 4,
+        ("public.kern1.reh-ar", "public.kern2.hah-ar.init.swsh"): -50,
+        ("he-hb", "public.kern2.rightAlef"): -2,
+        ("he-hb", "he-hb"): -21,
+    }
 
     # Round-tripping back to Glyphs
     round_tripped_glyphs_font = glyphsLib.to_glyphs(first_derivative_ufos)