Last FM API (Music).ipynb

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    "# Last FM API (Music)\n",
    "\n",
    "Spotify's API is dead to us, so we're using Last.fm's - it's still music, just not as nice of an API.\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Create an account at https://www.last.fm/api/\n",
    "2. Create an \"application\" to get a key: https://www.last.fm/api/account/create\n",
    "    - It isn't a real application, it's just your project\n",
    "    - Name/description doesn't matter, ignore callback key and callback url\n",
    "3. And save the API key that shows up on the next screen\n",
    "\n",
    "You can find documentation at https://www.last.fm/api/\n",
    "\n",
    "The domain for the API is `http://ws.audioscrobbler.com`, so all of your endpoints will be connected to that. To test your API key, check the following URL in your browser: `http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.search&artist=cher&api_key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&format=json` (change the `XXXXXX` to be your API key, of course!).\n",
    "\n",
    "> Last.fm used to be called **AudioScrobbler**, which is why its URLs don't have \"last.fm\" in them.\n",
    "> While we're asking about URLs, notice that the API endpoints have a lot of `?` and `&` in them - these are key/value pairs, kind of like dictionaries, but for URLs instead of Python."
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# FIRST: SETUP"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "## 1) Import the libraries/packages you might need\n",
    "\n",
    "We need a library to read in the data for us! We don't like `urllib2`, so it must be something cooler and better."
   ]
  },
  {
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   "source": [
    "# Import what you need here\n"
   ]
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    "## 2) Save your API key\n",
    "\n",
    "Write your API key here so you don't forget it - it's the \"api key\" one, not the \"shared secret\" one"
   ]
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    "## 3) The death of an API\n",
    "\n",
    "I used to have some code here that allowed you to display images, but _the images don't work any more._ Let this be an important lesson: when you depend on external services, they can die at any time."
   ]
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   "source": [
    "# NOW: YOUR ASSIGNMENT"
   ]
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    "## 1) Search for and print a list of 50 musicians with `lil` in their name, along with the number of listeners they have\n",
    "\n",
    "There are a lot of musicians with \"Lil\" in their name - it used to be all Lil Wayne and Lil Kim, but we live in a new world now!\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: Remember, the domain for the API is `http://ws.audioscrobbler.com`*\n",
    "- *Tip: Make sure you ask the API for 50 musicians! This involves adding another parameter to the URL - notice they all have a `&` before them. [Read the documentation](http://www.last.fm/api/show/artist.search) to find the parameter's name.* \n",
    "- *Tip: When you are looking at any piece of data - is it a dictionary? Look at the keys! Is it a list? Look at the first element!*\n",
    "- *Tip: LOOK AT THE KEYS. and then the other keys and the other keys and the other keys. It's an ugly series of dictionaries!*"
   ]
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    "Your results should begin something like this:\n",
    "    \n",
    "```\n",
    "Lil' Wayne has 3086628 listeners\n",
    "Lily Allen has 2074266 listeners\n",
    "Lil B has 194116 listeners\n",
    "Lilly Wood & The Prick has 359886 listeners\n",
    "Lil Ugly Mane has 31955 listeners\n",
    "LIL UZI VERT has 88517 listeners\n",
    "```"
   ]
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    "## 2) How many listeners does your list have in total?\n",
    "\n",
    "The answer should be roughly **15,000,000**. If it's lower, make sure you have 50 artists instead of 30 artists.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: What's the data type of the `listeners` count? It's going to cause a problem!*\n",
    "- *Tip: If you were crazy you could use sum and a list comprehension. But you really don't have to!*"
   ]
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    "## 3) Show each artist's name and the URL to the extra-large image\n",
    "\n",
    "The images don't work any more, but we'll print their URLs out anyway."
   ]
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    "Each artist **has a list of images of different sizes**. We're interested in the second-to-last one, where `size` is `extralarge`. Print their name and use `display_image` to display their extra-large image.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: The URL should look like this: `https://lastfm-img2.akamaized.net/i/u/300x300/0fc7d7a1812dc79e9925d80382cde594.png`*\n",
    "- *Tip: You can always assume it's the second to the last, or assume it's `extralarge`, or whatever you want to do to find it.*\n",
    "- *Tip: Make sure the URL is correct before you try to display it.*\n",
    "\n",
    "Your output should look something like\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "Lil' Wayne\n",
    "https://lastfm.freetls.fastly.net/i/u/300x300/2a96cbd8b46e442fc41c2b86b821562f.png\n",
    "---\n",
    "LIL UZI VERT\n",
    "https://lastfm.freetls.fastly.net/i/u/300x300/2a96cbd8b46e442fc41c2b86b821562f.png\n",
    "---\n",
    "Lily Allen\n",
    "https://lastfm.freetls.fastly.net/i/u/300x300/2a96cbd8b46e442fc41c2b86b821562f.png\n",
    "---\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "(but with more people, obviously)"
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    "## 4) Find Lil Jon's `mbid` (or anyone else's!).\n",
    "\n",
    "Oftentimes in an API, you can do a few things: you can **search** for items, and you can **see more information** about items. To find more information about the item, you need to use their **unique id**. In this dataset, it's called an `mbid` (MusicBrainz, I think - another company associated with last.fm!).\n",
    "\n",
    "Go through the artists and print their **name and mbid**. Find Lil Jon's `mbid`. I *wanted* Lil Uzi Vert's, but for some reason it isn't there. Then I wanted us to look at Lily Allen's, but I just couldn't bring myself to do that. If you'd rather do someone else, go for it."
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    "## 5) Find the artist's name and bio using their `mbid`.\n",
    "\n",
    "It can either be Lil Jon or whoever you selected above.\n",
    "\n",
    "If you look at the [last.fm documentation](http://www.last.fm/api/show/artist.getInfo), you can see how to use the artist's `mbid` to find more information about them. Print **every tag associated with your artist**.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: It's a new request to the API*\n",
    "- *Tip: Use the `mbid`, and make sure you delete the `&name=Cher` from the sample endpoint*\n",
    "- *Tip: If you use `print` for the bio it looks a little nicer than it would otherwise*"
   ]
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    "## 6) Print every tag of that artist"
   ]
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    "# GETTING A LITTLE CRAZY\n",
    "\n",
    "So you know your original list of musicians? I want to get tag data for ALL OF THEM. How are we going to do that?\n",
    "\n",
    "## 7) Find the mbids (again)\n",
    "\n",
    "If we have a musician with an mbid of `AAA-AAA-AAA`, we get their info from a url like `http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/blahblah/?api_key=12345&mbid=AAA-AAA-AAA`.\n",
    "\n",
    "|artist|url|\n",
    "|---|---|\n",
    "|`AAA-AAA-AAA`|`http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/blahblah/?api_key=12345&mbid=AAA-AAA-AAA`|\n",
    "|`BBB-BBB-BBB`|`http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/blahblah/?api_key=12345&mbid=BBB-BBB-BBB`|\n",
    "|`CCC-CCC-CCC`|`http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/blahblah/?api_key=12345&mbid=CCC-CCC-CCC`|\n",
    "\n",
    "I guess we should start trying to get a list of all of the mbids.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Loop through your artists, and print out the `mbid` for each artist**\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: You probably need to request your artist search result data again, because you probably saved over `data` with your other API request. Maybe call it `artist_data` this time?*\n",
    "- *Tip: If the artist does NOT have an `mbid`, don't print it.*"
   ]
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    "Your results should look something like\n",
    "\n",
    "```\n",
    "6e0c7c0e-cba5-4c2c-a652-38f71ef5785d\n",
    "1550f952-c91b-40d7-9b4d-d26a259ee932\n",
    "1b72331b-3a97-4981-a81c-eeee9c275d28\n",
    "5f1adfe1-4d07-4141-b181-79e5d379d539\n",
    "a95384b1-6aec-468c-ae0d-8c6daf87c4c2\n",
    "bc1b5c95-e6d6-46b5-957a-5e8908b02c1e\n",
    "243c6f61-d83b-4459-bebd-5899df0da111\n",
    "```"
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    "## 8) Saving those mbids\n",
    "\n",
    "For those `mbid` values, instead of printing them out, save them to a new list of just mbid values. Call this list `mbids`.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: Use `.append` to add a single element onto a list*"
   ]
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    "Your results should look something like\n",
    "\n",
    "```['6e0c7c0e-cba5-4c2c-a652-38f71ef5785d',\n",
    " '1550f952-c91b-40d7-9b4d-d26a259ee932',\n",
    " '1b72331b-3a97-4981-a81c-eeee9c275d28',\n",
    " '5f1adfe1-4d07-4141-b181-79e5d379d539',\n",
    " 'a95384b1-6aec-468c-ae0d-8c6daf87c4c2',\n",
    " 'bc1b5c95-e6d6-46b5-957a-5e8908b02c1e',\n",
    " '243c6f61-d83b-4459-bebd-5899df0da111',\n",
    " '8ba17cf6-bec2-4ae4-9820-b1cda47adc08',\n",
    " 'ad29ae1c-2eda-4071-9dc8-31910e7e546c',\n",
    " '3268f062-6e76-480a-a384-e1dd2a276afb',\n",
    " '3ad4f6ec-253f-4050-8849-ca26266edfb8',\n",
    " '9b5ce0c1-1bc0-4ea2-a8d3-f5ee7af9eda8',\n",
    " '981d39fc-bd00-4cc6-ac67-6410f8b89098',\n",
    " 'b89f4c50-72f5-48ce-b08c-a643b191b24f',\n",
    " 'bc21df5c-3d79-479b-b638-8ddb5ecea403',\n",
    " 'c9cd225b-4883-428e-82c2-73e0b6282fb6',\n",
    " '9acaf734-b380-4c48-954c-a2cf1d7990a9',\n",
    " 'd4d5ae85-700c-4a55-8a39-7f923da07ef2',\n",
    " '77fafce8-a32f-4d42-bdce-266bbf913cee',\n",
    " '50ad1cde-1536-4268-a55f-e47a7b8280ab',\n",
    " '9803d120-716d-45ba-9eb7-9a120813f908',\n",
    " 'b27560ea-2783-4a91-be45-9e8711917562',\n",
    " '194e87c9-b3fe-4fbd-82a7-8c54b4dd4c76',\n",
    " 'fd90af91-ed07-4e85-8816-26c954fe5286',\n",
    " '5652bb3e-f225-49de-9637-5aa1539b4a7c']```"
   ]
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    "## 9) Printing our API urls\n",
    "\n",
    "To get tag data for each artist, you need to use those `mbid` values to access their artist page on the API. Loop through the mbids, displying the URL you'll need to access.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: You don't want to use a comma when printing, because commas add spaces into your text and URLs can't have that*\n",
    "- *Tip: Make sure your URL has `artist.getinfo` in it - if not, you're using the wrong endpoint.*"
   ]
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    "Your results should look something like\n",
    "\n",
    "```http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=6e0c7c0e-cba5-4c2c-a652-38f71ef5785d\n",
    "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=1550f952-c91b-40d7-9b4d-d26a259ee932\n",
    "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=1b72331b-3a97-4981-a81c-eeee9c275d28\n",
    "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=5f1adfe1-4d07-4141-b181-79e5d379d539\n",
    "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=a95384b1-6aec-468c-ae0d-8c6daf87c4c2\n",
    "http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getinfo&api_key=XXXXX&format=json&mbid=bc1b5c95-e6d6-46b5-957a-5e8908b02c1e```"
   ]
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    "## OKAY HERE IS A LITTLE INFORMATION: Using our API urls\n",
    "\n",
    "This time instead of just *displaying* the URL, we're going to *request and process it*. **But first I'm going to teach you something.**\n",
    "\n",
    "When you're dealing with an API, you don't want to make a million requests, have bad code, and then need to do those million requests again. It's usually best to test your code with a few of the results first.\n",
    "\n",
    "So, if we have a list of numbers like this:"
   ]
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    "numbers = [4, 5, 6, 7]\n",
    "numbers"
   ]
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    "You can actually say to Python, **give me the first two**, and it will only give you the first two."
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "numbers[:2]"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "The is **very convenient** with loopng with APIs, because instead of trying to use all FIFTY artists, you can just say \"hey, please try this out with 2 of them\" and you don't waste time."
   ]
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    "## 10) Using the first three `mbids`, request the API urls and print the artist's name.\n",
    "\n",
    "You built the URLs in the last question, now it's time to use them! Use `requests` etc to grab the URL and get out the artist's name.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: The code is the same as last time you got an artist's name from their info page, it's just going to be inside of a loop*\n",
    "- *Tip: USE `PRINT` TO SEE WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING AT!!!!!*"
   ]
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    "## 11) Using the first three `mbids`, request the API urls and print the artist's name and their tags\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: The code is the same as last time you got an artist's name from their info page, it's just going to be inside of a loop*\n",
    "- *Tip: It's a for loop in a for loop!*"
   ]
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    "## 12) Using the first ten mbids, print the artist's name and whether they're a rapper\n",
    "\n",
    "Only print their name ONCE and only print whether they are hip hop or not ONCE.\n",
    "\n",
    "- *Tip: Rap tags include hip hop, swag, crunk, rap, dirty south, and probably a bunch of other stuff! You can include as many categories as you'd like.*\n",
    "- *Tip: You can use `2 in [1, 2, 3]` to find out if `2` is in the list of `[1, 2, 3]`.*\n",
    "- *Tip: Every time you look at a new artist, you can say they are NOT a rapper. And once you find out one of their tags is hip hop or rap, then you can note that they're a rapper. Then once you're done looking at their tags, then you can say HEY this is a rapper, or HEY this is not a rapper.*"
   ]
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    "Your results might look something like\n",
    "\n",
    "```ARTIST: Lily Allen\n",
    "NO hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lil B\n",
    "YES hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lilly Wood & The Prick\n",
    "NO hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lil Ugly Mane\n",
    "YES hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lil Jon\n",
    "YES hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lil' Kim\n",
    "YES hip hop\n",
    "ARTIST: Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz\n",
    "YES hip hop\n",
    "```"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 13) What percent of \"lil\" results are rappers?"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 14) Seriously you are all-powerful now."
   ]
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