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中等

面试题 04.05. 合法二叉搜索树

English Version

题目描述

实现一个函数，检查一棵二叉树是否为二叉搜索树。

示例 1:
输入:
    2
   / \
  1   3
输出: true
示例 2:
输入:
    5
   / \
  1   4
     / \
    3   6
输出: false
解释: 输入为: [5,1,4,null,null,3,6]。
     根节点的值为 5 ，但是其右子节点值为 4 。

解法

方法一：递归

我们可以对二叉树进行递归中序遍历，如果遍历到的结果是严格升序的，那么这棵树就是一个二叉搜索树。

因此，我们使用一个变量 $\textit{prev}$ 来保存上一个遍历到的节点，初始时 $\textit{prev} = -\infty$，然后我们递归遍历左子树，如果左子树不是二叉搜索树，直接返回 $\text{False}$，否则判断当前节点的值是否大于 $\textit{prev}$，如果不是，返回 $\text{False}$，否则更新 $\textit{prev}$ 为当前节点的值，然后递归遍历右子树。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是二叉树的节点个数。

Python3

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def isValidBST(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
        def dfs(root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> bool:
            if root is None:
                return True
            if not dfs(root.left):
                return False
            nonlocal prev
            if prev >= root.val:
                return False
            prev = root.val
            return dfs(root.right)

        prev = -inf
        return dfs(root)

Java

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    private TreeNode prev;

    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return dfs(root);
    }

    private boolean dfs(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!dfs(root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (prev != null && prev.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        prev = root;
        return dfs(root.right);
    }
}

C++

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        TreeNode* prev = nullptr;
        function<bool(TreeNode*)> dfs = [&](TreeNode* root) {
            if (!root) {
                return true;
            }
            if (!dfs(root->left)) {
                return false;
            }
            if (prev && prev->val >= root->val) {
                return false;
            }
            prev = root;
            return dfs(root->right);
        };
        return dfs(root);
    }
};

Go

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * type TreeNode struct {
 *     Val int
 *     Left *TreeNode
 *     Right *TreeNode
 * }
 */
func isValidBST(root *TreeNode) bool {
	var prev *TreeNode
	var dfs func(*TreeNode) bool
	dfs = func(root *TreeNode) bool {
		if root == nil {
			return true
		}
		if !dfs(root.Left) {
			return false
		}
		if prev != nil && prev.Val >= root.Val {
			return false
		}
		prev = root
		return dfs(root.Right)
	}
	return dfs(root)
}

TypeScript

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * class TreeNode {
 *     val: number
 *     left: TreeNode | null
 *     right: TreeNode | null
 *     constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
 *         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
 *         this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
 *         this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
 *     }
 * }
 */

function isValidBST(root: TreeNode | null): boolean {
    let prev: TreeNode | null = null;
    const dfs = (root: TreeNode | null): boolean => {
        if (!root) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!dfs(root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (prev && prev.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        prev = root;
        return dfs(root.right);
    };
    return dfs(root);
}

Rust

// Definition for a binary tree node.
// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
// pub struct TreeNode {
//   pub val: i32,
//   pub left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
//   pub right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
// }
//
// impl TreeNode {
//   #[inline]
//   pub fn new(val: i32) -> Self {
//     TreeNode {
//       val,
//       left: None,
//       right: None
//     }
//   }
// }
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::cell::RefCell;
impl Solution {
    fn dfs(root: &Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, prev: &mut Option<i32>) -> bool {
        if root.is_none() {
            return true;
        }
        let root = root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow();
        if !Self::dfs(&root.left, prev) {
            return false;
        }
        if prev.is_some() && prev.unwrap() >= root.val {
            return false;
        }
        *prev = Some(root.val);
        Self::dfs(&root.right, prev)
    }

    pub fn is_valid_bst(root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> bool {
        Self::dfs(&root, &mut None)
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * function TreeNode(val, left, right) {
 *     this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
 *     this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
 *     this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
 * }
 */
/**
 * @param {TreeNode} root
 * @return {boolean}
 */
var isValidBST = function (root) {
    let prev = null;
    const dfs = root => {
        if (!root) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!dfs(root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (prev && prev.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        prev = root;
        return dfs(root.right);
    };
    return dfs(root);
};

C#

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     public int val;
 *     public TreeNode left;
 *     public TreeNode right;
 *     public TreeNode(int val=0, TreeNode left=null, TreeNode right=null) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    private TreeNode prev;

    public bool IsValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return dfs(root);
    }

    private bool dfs(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!dfs(root.left)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (prev != null && prev.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        prev = root;
        return dfs(root.right);
    }
}

Swift

/* class TreeNode {
*    var val: Int
*    var left: TreeNode?
*    var right: TreeNode?
*
*    init(_ val: Int) {
*        self.val = val
*        self.left = nil
*        self.right = nil
*    }
* }
*/

class Solution {
    private var prev: TreeNode?

    func isValidBST(_ root: TreeNode?) -> Bool {
        return dfs(root)
    }

    private func dfs(_ root: TreeNode?) -> Bool {
        guard let root = root else {
            return true
        }

        if !dfs(root.left) {
            return false
        }

        if let prev = prev, prev.val >= root.val {
            return false
        }

        prev = root

        return dfs(root.right)
    }
}