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z#p^%LT1)NrrB|m7X5D==51aQ!>MJ+X+P;luY1I~%{K%J-Sn{gMW-FVm%OIj$PMSEr`9G<)+xX03F#QxLrImzSbptYo?xj0w~Bm& zk5L7D#mi#qAW@Tdz3CyWU;k8U$@kBqHd{U)Xe>&S%ZvcW105ox1p zlnA59QQjrOnSWwRM4&?sBe>G?ia#k$Vk(Ua4_ujQ1?p2 zuzI^0%GFa#xpeAY57nboIN2N}ObJZ=|5|>ja5J3rDA`uZ&-LCr8I)>zNeRs7c+=B? wf1gYfq<)-*+DX%s>7^p_jOl5$X}Pm}NBP_Tz Annotations + + Altlabel + ACV + Preflabel ACVoltammetry @@ -54,17 +58,13 @@ ACVoltammetry - Altlabel - ACV + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - Label ACVoltammetry @@ -190,6 +190,10 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + AdSV + Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -206,10 +210,6 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Comment Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - - Altlabel - AdSV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -394,14 +394,14 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Comment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -433,6 +433,14 @@ AtomProbeTomography Annotations + + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT + Preflabel AtomProbeTomography @@ -445,14 +453,6 @@ AtomProbeTomography Comment Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -509,6 +509,41 @@ AtomicForceMicroscopy +.. raw:: html + +
+ + +BPMNDiagram +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#BPMNDiagram
Annotations
PreflabelBPMNDiagram
LabelBPMNDiagram
Formal description
Subclass OfIcon
+ .. raw:: html
@@ -527,6 +562,10 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Annotations + + Altlabel + BET + Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -539,10 +578,6 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Comment A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - Altlabel - BET - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory @@ -668,6 +703,10 @@ CalibrationProcess Annotations + + Definition + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Preflabel CalibrationProcess @@ -696,10 +735,6 @@ CalibrationProcess Example In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - - Definition - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Label CalibrationProcess @@ -829,6 +864,10 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + CSV + Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -842,17 +881,13 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Altlabel - CSV + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -1236,6 +1271,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + + + Vimterm + Measuring instrument + Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1256,14 +1299,6 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Example In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - - Vimterm - Measuring instrument - Label CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1311,6 +1346,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Annotations + + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Vimterm + Measurement + Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1327,14 +1370,6 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Comment The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Vimterm - Measurement - Label CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1672,6 +1707,14 @@ CharacterisationSystem Annotations + + Definition + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + + + Vimterm + Measuring system + Preflabel CharacterisationSystem @@ -1688,14 +1731,6 @@ CharacterisationSystem Comment Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - - Vimterm - Measuring system - Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1786,6 +1821,14 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Annotations + + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique + Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1802,22 +1845,10 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Comment The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - Comment - - Comment A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -2033,6 +2064,14 @@ Chronoamperometry Annotations + + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Preflabel Chronoamperometry @@ -2045,14 +2084,6 @@ Chronoamperometry Comment Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -2237,14 +2268,14 @@ ConductometricTitration Comment Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -2288,22 +2319,22 @@ Conductometry Comment Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - Example - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Example + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Conductometry @@ -2437,14 +2468,14 @@ Coulometry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 @@ -2609,6 +2640,10 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + CV + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2622,25 +2657,21 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Altlabel - CV + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -3259,6 +3290,10 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + DPV + Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3271,22 +3306,18 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Comment Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - Altlabel - DPV - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3357,6 +3388,10 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + DSC + Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3369,10 +3404,6 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Comment Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - Altlabel - DSC - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3447,6 +3478,10 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Annotations + + Altlabel + DTA + Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3459,10 +3494,6 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Comment Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - Altlabel - DTA - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3543,23 +3574,11 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Elucidation - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - - Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Comment - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - - - Comment - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - - Comment - + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Label @@ -3598,23 +3617,19 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Elucidation - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - - - Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Comment + Elucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Comment - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. Comment - + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Iupacreference @@ -3657,15 +3672,11 @@ DirectCurrentInternalResistance Elucidation - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Comment - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - - - Comment - + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Label @@ -3698,6 +3709,10 @@ DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Altlabel + DLS + Preflabel DynamicLightScattering @@ -3710,14 +3725,6 @@ DynamicLightScattering Comment Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - DLS - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3761,10 +3768,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Comment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - Comment - - Label DynamicMechanicalAnalysis @@ -3796,6 +3799,10 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + DMA + Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3808,14 +3815,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Comment Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - DMA - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3847,42 +3846,30 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + EIS + Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Elucidation - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - - - Comment - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - - - Comment - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - - Comment - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. Comment - + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - Altlabel - EIS + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3920,19 +3907,11 @@ ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Elucidation - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - - - Comment - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. Comment - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - - - Comment - + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. Iupacreference @@ -3975,7 +3954,7 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting Elucidation - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Comment @@ -3983,7 +3962,7 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting Comment - + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Label @@ -4022,15 +4001,15 @@ Electrogravimetry Elucidation - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Comment + Elucidation method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Comment - + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Wikipediareference @@ -4075,6 +4054,10 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + EBSD + Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4087,14 +4070,6 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Comment Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - EBSD - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4142,10 +4117,6 @@ ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Comment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - Comment - - Label ElectronProbeMicroanalysis @@ -4183,15 +4154,11 @@ Ellipsometry Elucidation - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric
properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is
the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the
light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic
layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique
can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - Comment - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric
properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is
the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the
light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic
layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique
can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Comment - + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Label @@ -4224,6 +4191,14 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX + Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -4236,18 +4211,6 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Comment An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - EDS - - - Altlabel - EDX - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy @@ -4299,10 +4262,6 @@ EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - Comment - - Label EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4340,15 +4299,11 @@ Exafs Elucidation - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.
When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Comment - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.
When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - - Comment - + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Label @@ -4393,10 +4348,6 @@ FatigueTesting Comment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - Comment - - Label FatigueTesting @@ -4428,6 +4379,10 @@ FibDic Annotations + + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Preflabel FibDic @@ -4440,14 +4395,6 @@ FibDic Comment The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - Label FibDic @@ -4479,6 +4426,10 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + FE-SEM + Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4491,14 +4442,6 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FE-SEM - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4530,6 +4473,10 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + FTIR + Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -4542,14 +4489,6 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Comment A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FTIR - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy @@ -4595,15 +4534,11 @@ Fractography Elucidation - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Comment - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - Comment - + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Label @@ -4648,10 +4583,6 @@ FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Comment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - Comment - - Label FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry @@ -4683,25 +4614,21 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Annotations + + Altlabel + GITT + Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Elucidation - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. Comment - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - GITT + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. Wikidatareference @@ -4744,15 +4671,11 @@ GammaSpectrometry Elucidation - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]

Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.

A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - - Comment - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]

Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.

A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Comment - + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Label @@ -4785,6 +4708,10 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4797,14 +4724,6 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Comment Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4821,7 +4740,7 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry .. raw:: html
-
+ Grinding ^^^^^^^^ @@ -4836,6 +4755,10 @@ Grinding Annotations + + Preflabel + Grinding + Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. @@ -4844,6 +4767,10 @@ Grinding Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + Label + Grinding + Formal description @@ -4872,28 +4799,24 @@ HPPC Annotations - Preflabel - HPPC - - - Elucidation - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - Comment - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - Comment - + Preflabel + HPPC - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. Label @@ -4938,10 +4861,6 @@ HardnessTesting Comment A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - Comment - - Label HardnessTesting @@ -5063,10 +4982,6 @@ Hazard Comment Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - Comment - - Label Hazard @@ -5110,10 +5025,6 @@ Holder Comment An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - Comment - - Label Holder @@ -5151,40 +5062,24 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Elucidation - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). Comment - A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. - - - Comment - Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. - - - Comment - The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - - - Comment - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - - - Comment - + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -5216,25 +5111,21 @@ ICI Annotations + + Altlabel + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Preflabel ICI Elucidation - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. Comment - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. Label @@ -5273,15 +5164,11 @@ Impedimetry Elucidation - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - - - Comment - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. Comment - + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. Iupacreference @@ -5328,15 +5215,11 @@ InteractionVolume Comment - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - - - Comment - It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. Comment - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. Comment @@ -5344,15 +5227,11 @@ InteractionVolume Comment - - - - Example - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. Example - In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). Label @@ -5436,10 +5315,6 @@ IonChromatography Comment Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - - Comment - - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography @@ -5475,6 +5350,10 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations + + Altlabel + IMS + Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5487,14 +5366,6 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Comment Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - IMS - Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5526,25 +5397,21 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + IMC + Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Elucidation - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - Comment - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. Comment - - - - Altlabel - IMC + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. Label @@ -5632,10 +5499,6 @@ LevelOfAutomation Comment Describes the level of automation of the test. - - Comment - - Label LevelOfAutomation @@ -5679,10 +5542,6 @@ LevelOfExpertise Comment Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - Comment - - Label LevelOfExpertise @@ -5726,10 +5585,6 @@ LightScattering Comment Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - Comment - - Label LightScattering @@ -5767,15 +5622,15 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Elucidation - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Comment + Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly Comment - + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. Label @@ -5809,57 +5664,41 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations - Preflabel - LinearScanVoltammetry - - - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + Altlabel + LSV - Comment - LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. + Altlabel + LinearPolarization - Comment - The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. + Altlabel + LinearSweepVoltammetry - Comment - The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Preflabel + LinearScanVoltammetry - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. Comment - - - - Altlabel - LSV - - - Altlabel - LinearPolarization - - - Altlabel - LinearSweepVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -5903,10 +5742,6 @@ MassSpectrometry Comment Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - Comment - - Label MassSpectrometry @@ -5952,15 +5787,11 @@ MeasurementDataPostProcessing Comment - + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. Example - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) - - - Example - In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. Label @@ -5999,15 +5830,15 @@ MeasurementParameter Elucidation - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. Comment - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. Comment - + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. Label @@ -6040,33 +5871,33 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Annotations + + Definition + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + + Vimterm + Adjustment + Preflabel MeasurementSystemAdjustment Elucidation - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).
The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. Comment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).
The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. Comment - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured
NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form
“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.
NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment
(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).
NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite
for adjustment.
NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. Comment - - - - Definition - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured
NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form
“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.
NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment
(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).
NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite
for adjustment.
NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Vimterm - Adjustment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. Label @@ -6105,15 +5936,15 @@ MeasurementTime Elucidation - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. Comment - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. Comment - + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. Label @@ -6152,15 +5983,11 @@ MechanicalTesting Elucidation - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - - - Comment - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. Comment - + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. Wikipediareference @@ -6211,7 +6038,7 @@ MembraneOsmometry Comment - + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. Label @@ -6250,15 +6077,15 @@ MercuryPorosimetry Elucidation - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. Comment - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. Comment - + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. Label @@ -6305,7 +6132,7 @@ Microscopy Comment - + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. Label @@ -6338,6 +6165,10 @@ Milling Annotations + + Preflabel + Milling + Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. @@ -6346,6 +6177,10 @@ Milling Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + Label + Milling + Formal description @@ -6387,7 +6222,7 @@ Mounting Comment - + The sample is mounted on a holder. Label @@ -6438,7 +6273,7 @@ Nanoindentation Comment - + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. Example @@ -6475,6 +6310,10 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + NSE + Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6487,14 +6326,6 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Comment Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - NSE - Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6538,10 +6369,6 @@ Nexafs Comment Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - Comment - - Label Nexafs @@ -6573,45 +6400,21 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + NPV + Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry Elucidation - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - - Comment - Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. - - - Comment - Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. - - - Comment - The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. Comment - The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. - - - Comment - The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Comment - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - NPV + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. Iupacreference @@ -6649,28 +6452,24 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Annotations - Preflabel - NuclearMagneticResonance - - - Elucidation - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Altlabel + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - Comment - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Altlabel + NMR - Comment - + Preflabel + NuclearMagneticResonance - Altlabel - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + Elucidation + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Altlabel - NMR + Comment + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Label @@ -6703,25 +6502,21 @@ OpenCircuitHold Annotations + + Altlabel + OCVHold + Preflabel OpenCircuitHold Elucidation - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). Comment - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - OCVHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). Label @@ -6766,10 +6561,6 @@ Operator Comment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - Comment - - Label Operator @@ -6815,15 +6606,11 @@ OpticalMicroscopy Elucidation - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. Comment - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - - Comment - + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. Label @@ -6907,10 +6694,6 @@ Osmometry Comment Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - Comment - - Label Osmometry @@ -6954,10 +6737,6 @@ PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Comment Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - Comment - - Label PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy @@ -7003,7 +6782,7 @@ PhysicsOfInteraction Comment - + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). Example @@ -7044,6 +6823,10 @@ Polishing Annotations + + Preflabel + Polishing + Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. @@ -7052,6 +6835,10 @@ Polishing Comment Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + Label + Polishing + Formal description @@ -7136,11 +6923,11 @@ PostProcessingModel Comment - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. Comment - + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. Label @@ -7173,41 +6960,41 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Annotations + + Altlabel + PSA + Preflabel PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - Comment - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential Comment - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. Comment - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury Comment - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry Comment - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution Comment - - - - Altlabel - PSA + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution Label @@ -7246,32 +7033,20 @@ Potentiometry Elucidation - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - - - Comment - For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. - - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. Comment - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Comment - + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 @@ -7319,10 +7094,6 @@ PreparedSample Comment The sample after a preparation process. - - Comment - - Label PreparedSample @@ -7366,21 +7137,9 @@ PrimaryData Comment Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - - Comment - - - - Example - Baseline subtraction - - - Example - Noise reduction - Example - X and Y axes correction + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. Label @@ -7629,6 +7388,10 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Annotations + + Altlabel + PseudoOCV + Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -7645,10 +7408,6 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Comment - - Altlabel - PseudoOCV - Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -7931,26 +7690,6 @@ ReferenceSample Annotations - - Preflabel - ReferenceSample - - - Elucidation - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - - Comment - - Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -7975,6 +7714,26 @@ ReferenceSample Vimterm Reference material + + Preflabel + ReferenceSample + + + Elucidation + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + + Comment + + Label ReferenceSample @@ -8006,6 +7765,10 @@ Sample Annotations + + Altlabel + Specimen + Preflabel Sample @@ -8030,10 +7793,6 @@ Sample Comment Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - Altlabel - Specimen - Label Sample @@ -8406,6 +8165,10 @@ SampledDCPolarography Annotations + + Altlabel + TASTPolarography + Preflabel SampledDCPolarography @@ -8426,10 +8189,6 @@ SampledDCPolarography Comment - - Altlabel - TASTPolarography - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -8465,6 +8224,10 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + AES + Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -8481,10 +8244,6 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Comment - - Altlabel - AES - Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -8516,6 +8275,10 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + SEM + Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -8532,10 +8295,6 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Comment - - Altlabel - SEM - Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -8567,6 +8326,10 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Annotations + + Altlabel + SKB + Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -8583,10 +8346,6 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Comment - - Altlabel - SKB - Label ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -8665,6 +8424,10 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + STM + Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -8681,10 +8444,6 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Comment - - Altlabel - STM - Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -8755,6 +8514,10 @@ SecondaryData Annotations + + Altlabel + Elaborated data + Preflabel SecondaryData @@ -8779,10 +8542,6 @@ SecondaryData Example Intensity maps - - Altlabel - Elaborated data - Label SecondaryData @@ -8814,6 +8573,10 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Annotations + + Altlabel + SIMS + Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -8830,10 +8593,6 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Comment - - Altlabel - SIMS - Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -8904,6 +8663,10 @@ Signal Annotations + + Definition + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Preflabel Signal @@ -8932,10 +8695,6 @@ Signal Comment - - Definition - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Label Signal @@ -9061,6 +8820,18 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + OSWV + + + Altlabel + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + SWV + Preflabel SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -9089,30 +8860,18 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Comment - - Altlabel - OSWV - - - Altlabel - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Altlabel - SWV - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -9305,6 +9064,10 @@ TensileTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + TensionTest + Preflabel TensileTesting @@ -9321,10 +9084,6 @@ TensileTesting Comment - - Altlabel - TensionTest - Label TensileTesting @@ -9356,6 +9115,10 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + TMA + Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting @@ -9372,10 +9135,6 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Comment - - Altlabel - TMA - Label ThermochemicalTesting @@ -9407,6 +9166,10 @@ Thermogravimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + TGA + Preflabel Thermogravimetry @@ -9423,10 +9186,6 @@ Thermogravimetry Comment - - Altlabel - TGA - Label Thermogravimetry @@ -9458,6 +9217,10 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + ThreePointFlexuralTest + Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting @@ -9474,10 +9237,6 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Comment - - Altlabel - ThreePointFlexuralTest - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test @@ -9560,6 +9319,10 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + TEM + Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -9576,10 +9339,6 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Comment - - Altlabel - TEM - Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -9697,6 +9456,10 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Annotations + + Altlabel + VPO + Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -9713,10 +9476,6 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Comment - - Altlabel - VPO - Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -9748,6 +9507,10 @@ Viscometry Annotations + + Altlabel + Viscosity + Preflabel Viscometry @@ -9764,10 +9527,6 @@ Viscometry Comment - - Altlabel - Viscosity - Label Viscometry @@ -9823,14 +9582,14 @@ Voltammetry Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 @@ -9956,6 +9715,14 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Annotations + + Altlabel + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + + + Altlabel + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic @@ -9968,14 +9735,6 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Comment X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - Altlabel - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - - - Altlabel - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -10007,6 +9766,10 @@ XrayDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + XRD + Preflabel XrayDiffraction @@ -10023,10 +9786,6 @@ XrayDiffraction Comment - - Altlabel - XRD - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography @@ -10066,6 +9825,10 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + XRPD + Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction @@ -10082,10 +9845,6 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Comment - - Altlabel - XRPD - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction @@ -10191,6 +9950,37 @@ hasAccessConditions +.. raw:: html + +
+
+ +hasBPMNDiagram +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasBPMNDiagram
Annotations
Formal description
Subclass OfObjectProperty
Subclass OfhasIcon
+ .. raw:: html
@@ -10209,6 +9999,10 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10217,10 +10011,6 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10256,6 +10046,10 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10264,10 +10058,6 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10303,6 +10093,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10311,10 +10105,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10350,6 +10140,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10358,10 +10152,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10397,6 +10187,10 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10405,10 +10199,6 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10444,6 +10234,10 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10452,10 +10246,6 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10491,6 +10281,10 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10499,10 +10293,6 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10581,6 +10371,10 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10589,10 +10383,6 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10628,6 +10418,10 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10636,10 +10430,6 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10675,6 +10465,10 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10683,10 +10477,6 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10937,6 +10727,10 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10945,10 +10739,6 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -12274,84 +12064,91 @@ hasUniqueID .. raw:: html -
+
-requiresLevelOfExpertise -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. raw:: html - + - - + - - + + - - + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertisehttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure
Annotations
PreflabelrequiresLevelOfExpertiseFormal description
CommentSubclass OfObjectProperty
LabelrequiresLevelOfExpertiseSubclass OftopObjectProperty
+ +.. raw:: html + +
+ + +rationaleHasUserCase +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + + + - + - - + - +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasUserCase
Formal descriptionAnnotations
Subclass OfObjectPropertyFormal description
Subclass OfhasPropertyObjectProperty
.. raw:: html -
+
-userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +requiresLevelOfExpertise +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. raw:: html - + - - - - - + - - - - - + - + @@ -12362,6 +12159,6 @@ userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedurehttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise
Annotations
PreflabeluserCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure
ElucidationUsed to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedurerequiresLevelOfExpertise
CommentUsed to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure
AltlabeluserCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure
LabeluserCaseHasCharacterisationProcedurerequiresLevelOfExpertise
Formal description
Subclass OftopObjectPropertyhasProperty
diff --git a/chameo-inferred.owl b/chameo-inferred.owl index b1aa064..6ca0d82 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.owl +++ b/chameo-inferred.owl @@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ xml:base="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo" xmlns="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#" xmlns:emmo="https://w3id.org/emmo#" - xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" + xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:core="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:x_0.1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:bibo="http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/" xmlns:vann="http://purl.org/vocab/vann/"> - + @@ -51,118 +51,35 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialSection - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - - - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + hasObjectiveProperty - + - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - - - + + - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - - - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialSlice - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - - - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - + + - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - - - - - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. @@ -176,216 +93,211 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + - - - - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - hasProperPart - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + + + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalTile + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + + + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + hasSpatioTemporalTile + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + + + + + + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - - - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - - - - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - - - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - - - - hasSampledSample - hasSampledSample + + + + + + + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - + + + + - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - + - - - - + - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - + + - - - - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. + hasMetrologicalReference + In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion - +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasMetrologicalReference - - - - - - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + + + hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - + + - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + + + + + + hasInteractionVolume + hasInteractionVolume - - + + + - The input of a process. - hasInput - hasInput - The input of a process. + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. @@ -410,180 +322,136 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection - - - + - - + + + - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + hasProperPart + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask - - + - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart - - - - - - - - - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - - - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + hasTask + hasTask - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - + + - isPartOf - isPartOf + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialSlice + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - + + + - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - - - - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - - - - - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isPredecessorOf - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + + + + + + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasReferent + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore - + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - - - - - - - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - isConcomitantWith - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput @@ -607,372 +475,321 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - + + - - + + + + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasSpatialTile + hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + + - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection - - - - - + + + + - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - contacts - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - - - hasAccessConditions - hasAccessConditions - - - - - - - - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + + + + + + + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - + - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. - hasMetrologicalReference - In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - -was changed to - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. - hasMetrologicalReference + + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - + + + - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - + + + + - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - + - - - - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasReferent - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - - - - - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - hasSpatioTemporalTile - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + + + + + + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask + + + + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - + + + + - hasInteractionVolume - hasInteractionVolume + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - + + + - + + - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + + + + + + + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - - - - - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - hasObjectiveProperty +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart - hasNumericalPart + + + + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - + - - + - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasSpatialTile - hasSpatialDirectPart - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasBeginTile + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - - - - - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + hasAccessConditions + hasAccessConditions - - - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasEndTile + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - - + + + - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - + + + + - hasProcessingReproducibility - hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + hasSampleForInspection + hasSampleForInspection - - + + + - hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasMeasurementDetector + hasMeasurementDetector - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - hasOperator - hasOperator + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent - - - + + + + - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - - - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + + + + + hasDataset + hasDataset - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. @@ -986,101 +803,221 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - - - - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + + + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - + + + + - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - + + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + + + + + hasModel + hasModel + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + + + + + + + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + + - - - - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalTile - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - hasCharacterisationInput - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + + + + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - + + + - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - + - - + - hasMeasurementSample - hasMeasurementSample + hasLab + hasLab - + + - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasEndTile - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + + + + + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart + hasNumericalPart + + + + + + + + hasOperator + hasOperator + + + + + + + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + + + + + + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + + + + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + + + + + + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. @@ -1095,6 +1032,24 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask + + @@ -1105,124 +1060,165 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasHardwareSpecification - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + + + + + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart - - - - + + - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - - - - - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - + + + - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampledSample + hasSampledSample - - - - + + + - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - - - + + - - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - + + + + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + - hasCharacterisationComponent - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasLevelOfAutomation + hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + + + hasHazard + hasHazard - - - - - - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + contacts + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + + + + + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + + + + isPartOf + isPartOf @@ -1235,111 +1231,115 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasMeasurementParameter - - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + + The input of a process. + hasInput + hasInput + The input of a process. - - - - - - - hasHolder - hasHolder + + + + + + + + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - + - - + + - hasInteractionWithSample - hasInteractionWithSample + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - - - - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - - - - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - + + + + + + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour + + + + + + - hasDataQuality - hasDataQuality + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - - - - + + + - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasJunctionPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + + + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf @@ -1352,240 +1352,225 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasSamplePreparationParameter - - - - - - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + + + + + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + isConcomitantWith + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - + - - + + + - - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - - - - - - - - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isPredecessorOf + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasBeginTile - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - + + + + - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - + + + - hasMeasurementProbe - hasMeasurementProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - hasHazard - hasHazard + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + + + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. - + + + + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - + + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + hasMeasurementProbe + + + + + + - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - - + + - + - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationTask - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + hasInteractionWithSample + hasInteractionWithSample - - - + + + + - hasDataset - hasDataset + hasReferenceSample + hasReferenceSample - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable - - - - + + + + - hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + hasMeasurementSample + hasMeasurementSample @@ -1598,51 +1583,79 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + - - - - - - hasLab - hasLab + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - + + + + + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + + + + + + + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + - hasInteractionWithProbe - hasInteractionWithProbe + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + + + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. @@ -1655,32 +1668,41 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - + + - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput - - - - + + + + - hasSampleForInspection - hasSampleForInspection + hasProcessingReproducibility + hasProcessingReproducibility + + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + hasMeasurementTime @@ -1694,155 +1716,121 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - + + + + - hasLevelOfAutomation - hasLevelOfAutomation + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - + + - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialSection + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - + - - + + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasDataQuality + hasDataQuality - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasHolder + hasHolder - - - - - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasJunctionPart - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput - - - - + + + - - hasReferenceSample - hasReferenceSample - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour + + + + + - - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - + + + + - hasMeasurementTime - hasMeasurementTime + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -1855,46 +1843,53 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - + - - + + - hasPostProcessingModel - hasPostProcessingModel + hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - + + - - hasStage - hasStage + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - hasSymbolValue - hasSymbolValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - + + + + + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith + @@ -1905,22 +1900,11 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - - - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - - - + - hasURLValue - hasURLValue + hasURNValue + hasURNValue @@ -1942,17 +1926,6 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - - - - - - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - - @@ -1977,11 +1950,16 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue + + + + + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + hasSymbolValue + hasSymbolValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. @@ -1995,6 +1973,28 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + + + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + @@ -2005,6 +2005,13 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasDateOfCalibration + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue + + @@ -2013,17 +2020,6 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities - - - - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - @@ -2040,23 +2036,9 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities - - - - - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - VIMTerm - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference + + + @@ -2070,37 +2052,48 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - - - - - + - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - wikidataReference - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + + + + + + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + ucumCode + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - + + - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - IEVReference - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference + + + + + + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). @@ -2115,33 +2108,33 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - - + + - - - - - - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - ucumCode - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - + - - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + + + + + + + + + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + VIMTerm + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. @@ -2155,48 +2148,74 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - + + + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + omReference + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + - - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - + + + + + - - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - + + + + + + + + + - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. + + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - - + + + + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + wikidataReference + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - + + + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - - + + + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + qudtReference + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. @@ -2210,50 +2229,47 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - - - - - + - - + + + + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + IEVReference + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference - + + + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. - - - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - omReference - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + wikipediaReference + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. @@ -2267,14 +2283,34 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference + + @@ -2285,132 +2321,227 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities iupacReference - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtReference - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - + - + - - - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaReference - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - + - + - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + SemioticObject + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - - - + + + + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NormalPulseVoltammetry + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Voltammetry + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + + + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + + + + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Index + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - + + + + + + + + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 @@ -2467,407 +2598,520 @@ The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a tempo For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + - + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. Declared Declared A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - - - - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + + + + + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - + + + + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + - - + + - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + SamplePreparation + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - + + + - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - - + + - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + + + + + + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + ObjectiveProperty + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - - - - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - CrystallineMaterial +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - - + + - - + + - - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Procedure + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Welding + Schweißen + Welding - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + + + + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + JoinManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + + + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - - - + + - - + - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - - - - - - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - - - + + + + + - + - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + ElectricResistance + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + + + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + Signal + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - + + + - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -2875,242 +3119,147 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - Matter - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + Extent of a surface. + Area + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - - - - - - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - Existent - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - - - - - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - - - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - XrayPowderDiffraction - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - XrayDiffraction - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MixingRatio + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - Symbol - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - + + + + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - - - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - - + + - - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. @@ -3133,79 +3282,191 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - Angle - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - + + - - + - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - + + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + + + + + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + ThermochemicalTesting + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + + + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + CharacterisationTechnique + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + + - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark + + + - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -3220,531 +3481,640 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark - - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ModulusOfRigidity - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - + - + - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Milling - Fräsen - Milling + The inverse of length. + ReciprocalLength + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Extent of a surface. - Area - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - + + - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - + + + + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + WorkPiece + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + - + - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - Microscopy - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + + + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + Determined + Determined - - - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier + + + + + + + + + + + + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - + - - - - - + + + + - + + - + - + - - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Icon - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - + + + CharacterisationTask + CharacterisationTask + - - - - - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Cutting - Schneiden - Cutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Task + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - SeparateManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - CuttingManufacturing - Trennen - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - SampleExtraction - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + + + + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - - - - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - TechnologyProcess - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - FractionUnit - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - + + + - - + - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - ThermalInsulance - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - SampleInspectionParameter - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - - - - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - + - + - + - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricResistivity - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + + + + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + - + - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. - + + + + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + - + - + - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + + + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + + + + + + + + + + + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + + + + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + + + + + + + + + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - + - - + + + + + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Product + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + AmountUnit + AmountUnit + + + @@ -3753,572 +4123,637 @@ The style of your clothing. - + - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - - - - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - + - - - - + + + + - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture - - - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - - - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - + - - - + + - - - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + + + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - SemioticObject - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Holistic + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - + - + - + + + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricFluxDensity + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + + + + + + + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + + + + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularWavenumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - Density - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - Mass per volume. - 4-2 - 9-10 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationTask - CharacterisationTask - - - - - - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Icon + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - CharacterisationTechnique - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + Java + Java - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Planing - Hobeln - Planing + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - - - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - Machining - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Grinding - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - - - + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + + - - + - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - ElectricResistance - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Welding - Schweißen - Welding + + + + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + WorkpieceForming + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + StandardModelParticle + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + + + + + + + - - + + - - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - Matrix - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - + + - - + - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Drilling - Bohren - Drilling - - - - - - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - - - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - - MechanicalTesting - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - esce workpiece - MaterialTreatment - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - MaterialsProcessing - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Manufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + + + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + + + + + + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - Sintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -4326,1422 +4761,1197 @@ Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - WBoson - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) + + + + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + + + + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit + -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - - - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - + + + - + - + - - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + - - ElectronType - ElectronType - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." --- VIM - MeasurementResult - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. + --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Sample - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - - - - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Object - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - - - + + - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - + + + + - + - - The inverse of length. - ReciprocalLength - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - - InteractionVolume - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. - In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - + + - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Drilling + Bohren + Drilling - - + + - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - HeatTreatment - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + Machining + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricReactance - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - ProgrammingLanguage - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + Voltage + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - + + - + - - + - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + ElectricPotential + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - - - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit - - - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Pressing - Anpressen - Pressing - - - - - - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - JoinManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - + + - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - - Potentiometry - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - - ElectrochemicalTesting - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - - - - - - - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Ablation - Abtragen - Ablation - - - - + - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + - - - - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - + + + - - + + - - + + - + - - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + - - - 2 + + - - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - - - - - - - - - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + + + + + + + + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + ProbeSampleInteraction + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - WorkpieceManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - DiscreteManufacturing - Werkstücke - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + InteractionVolume + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + Person + Person - - + + - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + ShearOrTorsionTesting + ShearOrTorsionTesting - + - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - PhaseOfMatter - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - + + + - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - + + - - - + - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - - - - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Process - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + PositionVector + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - Redundant - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - - - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - - - - - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - - - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tessellation + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - - - - RawSample - RawSample + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - + - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - - - - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - - - - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + + + + + + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - + + - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - + + + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit - + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + - - + + + + + + + + + - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Vector + 1DArray + LinearArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - + + + + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - + + + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - Molecule - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - MolecularEntity - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalPath + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + + + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit + + + + - - + + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - SamplePreparation - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricResistivity + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - WorkPiece - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - ManufacturedMaterial - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + + SecondaryData + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - + - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - + + - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - + + - + - + - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + ElectricCharge + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - + + + - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - + + - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Attenuation - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - + + + - + - + - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + ElectricCurrentDensity + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - - - - + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential + + + + + + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + + + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - + + @@ -5754,184 +5964,251 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NaturalProcess + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Process + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - + - + - - + - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + Decays per unit time. + Radioactivity + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + Organisation + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - + + - - + - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticFluxDensity - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + Number of ions per volume. + IonNumberDensity + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - + + + + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + - - - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) + + + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit + -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + + + + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + + + + + + + 2 + + + + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + + + + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + Redundant + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + + + + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + PureParallelWorkflow + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - + + + + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + Arrangement + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow + + + - - - + - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + + + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + @@ -5939,201 +6216,130 @@ particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - + + + + + + + + + + + - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + Density + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + Mass per volume. + 4-2 + 9-10 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + CPlusPlus + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragCoefficient - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k - - - - - - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - Mathematical - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - - Product of force and displacement. - Work - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron - - - - - - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - + + - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - - - + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -6141,618 +6347,682 @@ We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct par - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + + + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - + + + + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - + + + + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - - + + - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - + + + - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Status + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + + + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + TemporalRole + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Object + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - InternalEnergy - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - - - - - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - - - - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + + + + + + + + + + + + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - + - - + - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial - + - - - + + - - - + + + + - - - - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - SpatioTemporalTile - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - + + + + + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + + + + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + - - + + - - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - - - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - - - - - - - - - + + - - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + + + + + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Manufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + ManufacturedProduct + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorisation + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - + - - + + - + - + - + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Determination + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + + + - - + + - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle + + + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + ThermalCutting + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Ablation + Abtragen + Ablation + + + + + + + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + + + + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + - - + + - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + + + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Quantity - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + + + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark + -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + + + + Inverse of the impendance. + Admittance + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + ElectricConductance + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - - + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - SpatioTemporalTessellation - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tessellation - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - - - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - ComputerSystem - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - CoatingManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -6760,446 +7030,488 @@ A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + MaterialsProcessing + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + TechnologyProcess + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - + + + + + - - - 1 + + - + + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + - - - 1 + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + Sintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + - + - + - - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalStructure + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + + + + + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Number + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. + -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - + + + + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + - - - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - + + + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + + + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + Mathematical + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + + - MassUnit - MassUnit + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - - - - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - - - - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularWaveNumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - + + + + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + + + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit - - - - - - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - - + + - - + - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - + + + + + + - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - - - - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - + + + - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - - - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - IonTransportNumber - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - - - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Dismantling - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - - - - - - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - - - - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Index - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - - - - - - 2 + + - - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. @@ -7224,3009 +7536,1391 @@ The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alter Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - - - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit + + + + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + - + - + - - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + Foaming + Foaming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - PhysicalParticle - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - - - - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Program + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - + - - + + + - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + SpatioTemporalTile + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - - + + - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - RestMass - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - - - - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - ReshapeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Forming - Umformen - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedData - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Data - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - - - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 - - - - - - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - - - - - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - - - - - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - - - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 - - - - - - - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - - - - - - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - - - - - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - - - - - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 - - - - - - - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SolidMixture - SolidMixture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - ReferenceSample - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSpecimen - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material - - - - - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - FlexuralForming - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - - - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - DigitalData - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - SystemResource - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Homonuclear - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - Role - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Holistic - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit - - - - - - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - - - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalPath - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - - - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - - - - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 - - - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenQuark - GreenQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 - - - - - - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - - - - - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit - - - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - - - - - - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - - - - - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - - MeasurementTime - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Structural - Structural - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Fundamental - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - - - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - - Spacing - Spacing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzCoefficient - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - - - - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - - - - - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - NonTemporalRole - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - RawData - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - ThermalCutting - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement - - - - - - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - - - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - HardnessTesting - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - - - - - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - - - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - - - - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - + + - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial - +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - - - - - - - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + + + + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + StrippingVoltammetry + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + + - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - - - - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + ReferenceSample + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSpecimen + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - - - - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Sample + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - + + - Painting - Painting + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - - - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - ProcedureUnit - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + + + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + esce workpiece + MaterialTreatment + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - + + + + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + CrystallineMaterial + + + + + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Rolling + Walzen + Rolling + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + CompressiveForming + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming + + + - - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + + + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - + + + + + OpticalTesting + OpticalTesting + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + IntentionalProcess + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - + - - + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + + + + + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + + + + - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + + + + + - - An integer number. - Integer - Integer - An integer number. + + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - + + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Fundamental + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - - - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - ThermochemicalTesting - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorisation - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Determination - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + + + + Electric charge per volume. + ElectricChargeDensity + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - + + + + - - + + - - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - - - - - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseCoefficient - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticRatio + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - TensileForming - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - AdditiveManufacturing - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - TemporalRole - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - - Porosimetry - Porosimetry + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - - + + + + - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark - + + + + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + Symbol + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - + + - + - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - PositionVector - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + + + + + + + + + + + + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Data + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - + + + + - - + + - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - Vector - 1DArray - LinearArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - + + + + + + + - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - + - - + - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - + Length per unit time. - - - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - - - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - ApplicationProgram - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - - + + - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - Electrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - + + - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 2 + + + + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + + + + + + + + + + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerUnit - PowerUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Sawing - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - + + - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - + + + + - - + - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - + + - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + + + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + + + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseVelocity + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c + + + + + + + + + + + + + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y + + + + + + + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - + @@ -10234,695 +8928,734 @@ Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected toget - + - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticRatio - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - + + + + + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + + + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + + + + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + - + - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - - - - - + + + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - - - - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + + + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + XrayPowderDiffraction + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - - - - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + XrayDiffraction + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - + + - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + DropForging + DropForging - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + + + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + ReshapeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Forming + Umformen + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - - - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - - ICI - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + SampleInspection + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - + - + - - + - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms - - - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid - - - - - - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - + - - - - + + + + + - - + - - + + + + + + - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - + + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - SparkErosion - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion - +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - - - - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - - - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - TensileTesting - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - + + - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - - - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - + + - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - LevelOfExpertise - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit + - W = g μ M B + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit + -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + + + + + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonNumber + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + PhaseOfMatter + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - + - - + - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - + + - - + + + 1 - - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - - - - - + + + 1 - - Mass per length. - LinearMassDensity - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. - - - - - - - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. - - - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit - + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - FormingBlasting - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting - +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - - +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 - - - - - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + - - + + - - - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + Structural + Structural - - - - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + Matter + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - + + + - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - IsobaricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - + + - - + + - - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + + + + 1 + + + + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - + + - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + + + + + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + + + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion + + + - + - + - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - VolumicTotalCrossSection - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - + + + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -10931,682 +9664,619 @@ Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + A constituent of a system. + Component + Component + A constituent of a system. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Chronoamperometry + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - WorkpieceForming - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + + + + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CyclicVoltammetry + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - - - - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanDurationOfLife + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - ElementaryParticle - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + VolumicTotalCrossSection + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - - - - - - - - - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - + + + + + + + + + + + + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark - +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType - +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ForceUnit - ForceUnit +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - - - - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit - - - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - CoefficientOfFriction - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + + + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - + + + + + + + + + + + - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - - - + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + + + + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + SeparateManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + CuttingManufacturing + Trennen + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - - - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + WorkpieceManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + DiscreteManufacturing + Werkstücke + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Sawing + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Grinding + Schleifen + Grinding - - - - - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - - - - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + + + + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + + + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - - - + + - + - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - - + + - - + + - - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - - - - - - + + - - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricInductance - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + Molecule + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + + + + + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + MolecularEntity + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + @@ -11614,628 +10284,752 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura - + - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - - - - - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + SpecificActivity + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - FreeForming + + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - CompressiveForming - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + + + + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - GluonType5 - GluonType5 - - - - - - - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - - - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile - - - - - - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Chronoamperometry - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + ManufacturedMaterial + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - Osmometry - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - + + + + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Milling + Fräsen + Milling + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - + - - - + - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - ElectricCurrentDensity - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - Operator - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - Person - Person + + + + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + ProcedureUnit + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - + + + + + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + + + - + - + - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - + + + + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + - - - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedData + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - - - - Heat capacity at constant volume. - IsochoricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - - - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - - - - - - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstant - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - ElectricConductance - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + + + + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Device + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - + - + - + - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + TotalMassStoppingPower + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark + + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + ElectrochemicalTesting + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + + + ChargeDistribution + ChargeDistribution + + + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - + + + + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + + + + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + RawData + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture - - - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Rolling - Walzen - Rolling + + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + + + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - + + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -12244,637 +11038,565 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - + + - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - + + + - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularWavenumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - Profilometry - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - - + + + + - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + MaximumEfficiency + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - - - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - + - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - + - + + + + + + + + + - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - + + - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + XpsVariableKinetic + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + ModulusOfCompression + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - + + + + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + MassUnit + MassUnit - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - + + - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - - - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - - - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Procedure - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - - - - - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - - - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - PathLength - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - - - - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationNumber - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - - - + + - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - ChargeNumber - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + + + + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - + + - + - + - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + + + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + Synchrotron + Synchrotron - - + + - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - SecondaryData - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + ScatteringAndDiffraction + ScatteringAndDiffraction - - + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - - - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - + + + + - - + + - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - ProbeSampleInteraction - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProduct + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + + + + + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstant + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DynamicLightScattering + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - - - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - Arrangement - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - + + - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m - + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - + MeasuringInstrument + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - ZBoson - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - - - - - - + + + + + - - + - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + + + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - + + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Screwing + Schrauben + Screwing + + + @@ -12882,916 +11604,948 @@ J stands for N m - + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - Capacitance - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricInductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupVelocity + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + - + - + - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. - - - - - - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ThermalInsulance + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - + - - - - + + + + - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Program - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - + + + - + - + - - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Gluing - Kleben - Gluing - - - - - - - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - + + + + + - - + + - - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - Array3D - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzCoefficient + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - - + + - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - Viscometry - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - - - - - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeMassDensity - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + SampleExtraction + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + + + - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - - - - - + + - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Angle + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - + + - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - + + - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + SandMolds + SandMolds - + - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - + + - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - Voltammetry - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DecayConstant + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - + + + + + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + ProgrammingLanguage + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment + -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + HeatTreatment + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - + + - - + - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - + + + + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + + + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + - - + - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - + + + + + + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. + + + + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + + + + - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - Tempering - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - + + + + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + + + + + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + + + - + + - + - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - VolumicCrossSection - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - + - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + + + - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - + + + + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + 1 - - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Task - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - - + - + - - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Quantity + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + ApplicationProgram + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - + + + + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + CommercialProduct + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - - + + + - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MixingRatio - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + + + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + Factory + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - + + + - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - - + + - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - StrippingVoltammetry - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + Spectrometry + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - - - + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DegreeOfDissociation - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - Casting - Casting + + + + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - + + - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - SampledDCPolarography - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) @@ -13804,1209 +12558,1298 @@ spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neut https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + + + + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning + Cleaning - - - + + + - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + + + + + + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + NonEncodedData + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - - - - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - + + - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + / - - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + Division + Division - - - - Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. - Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. - The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. - The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. - The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - - + + + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + + - - - - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + MaterialsModel + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - + - + - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - + - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark - - - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Filling + Filling - - - - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Device - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - + + + + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + NonTemporalRole + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeMassDensity + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - - + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - ShearForming - Schubumformen - ShearForming + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - - MeasurementParameter - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) - In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - ProcessingReproducibility - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - + + - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - AmountFraction - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - - - + + - + - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. - - - - - - - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - RotationalDisplacement - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - StandardModelParticle - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - + - - + - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - SpecificVolume - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - + + - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + GapEnergy + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasSolution + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + GasMixture - - + + - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - OpticalTesting - OpticalTesting + + + + + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - + - + - + - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - - + + + - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Attenuation + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - - - - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + + + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Electric charge per volume. - ElectricChargeDensity - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + Minus - - + + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - - - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - - + + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Soldering + Löten + Soldering + + + + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + PathLength + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. - The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. - The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - - LinearScanVoltammetry - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - + + - - + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + + + + + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - + + - + - + - - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalStructure - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - - - - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - MathematicalFunction - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - + - - + + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + + + + - - + + - - - 1 + + - - A real number. - Real - Real - A real number. + + + + + + + + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - + + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + + + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 + + + + + + + + + + + + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + + + + + + 1 + + - - + + + 1 - - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - + + - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - + + - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - ManufacturedProduct - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + SparkErosion + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - + + + - + + + + + + + - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - RelativeVolumeStrain - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + Mass per length. + LinearMassDensity + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - - - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupVelocity - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + + Numeral + Numeral - - + - - + + - + - - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - - - - - - - - + + + 2 + + + + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + + + + + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DeepFreezing + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + + Assigned + Assigned + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + Role + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - + + + + + - - + + - - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + SpecificVolume + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - + - + - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - + + - + - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - + + + + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - - - - - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - PhaseDifference - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + + + + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + + Positron + Positron - + @@ -15014,353 +13857,388 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - + - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasSolution - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + VolumicCrossSection + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - + + - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + Heat capacity at constant volume. + IsochoricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit - - - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 - - - - - - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - + - + - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DeepDrawing - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + + + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Width + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip - + + + + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial - +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - - - - - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - + - - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + Product of force and displacement. + Work + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - - + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel + + + + - - + + + + + + + + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + + + + + + - - + + - - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument - - - - - - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument + + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - + + - - + + - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - - - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Casting + Casting + + + + - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - TotalLinearStoppingPower - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - + + - + - Length per unit time. + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - + + + + + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - MembraneOsmometry - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + + + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - + - + + + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -15369,222 +14247,272 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - + + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + - - + + + + + + - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - + + + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice + + + + + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + + + + + + + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + + + + - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - + + + + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + - - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - + + - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - + - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + + + + + - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - - + + - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - ElectricPotential - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + PeriodDuration + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - - Letter - Letter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - ModulusOfElasticity - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - - + + - + - + - + @@ -15593,85 +14521,131 @@ field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + + + + + + + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + + + + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 + + + + - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Product - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Molds + Molds - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - + @@ -15679,69 +14653,148 @@ It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentio - + - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricFluxDensity - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - + + + + + + + + + + + - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - + + + + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - LandeFactor - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage + + + + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - + @@ -15749,421 +14802,428 @@ It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentio - + - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - + + + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + + + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + + + + + - + - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - + + - A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. - Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. - The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + ProcessingReproducibility + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - + + + - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - + - - - - - - - - - + - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + HardeningByRolling + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - - - - + + + - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingResistance - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - - - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - - Impedimetry - Impedimetry - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - - - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + MathematicalFunction + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - Diameter - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - +The definition of density as mass/volume. - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit +y = f(x) - - + + - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - + + + + + - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + + + + + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - + + - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FibDic + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - Determined - Determined + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Status - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit @@ -16181,139 +15241,227 @@ An Hamiltonian. Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - + + - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - - - + + - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + A real number. + Real + Real + A real number. + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Moulding + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - + + + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + TensileTesting + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + + + + + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + + + + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit + + + + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. - + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - - - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + + + + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - + + + - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + - + - + - + @@ -16322,629 +15470,861 @@ An Hamiltonian. - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - - - - - - - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - - - - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + ElectronType + ElectronType - + - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit + + + + + + + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsEnergy + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + + - + - + - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticMoment - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngularMeasure - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator - - - - - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + + + + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + + + + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + + - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - + + - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - DynamicViscosity - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - + + + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceVoltage + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + + + + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Simulation - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - - + + + + + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardAmountConcentration + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + - + - + - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - - + + + + + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - + + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 + + + - + - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - + - + - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - - + + + - - + + + + + + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system + + + + + + + + + + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system + + + + + + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + + - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexPower + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - ChargeDistribution - ChargeDistribution + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - Positron - Positron + + + + + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + + + + - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - MetrologicalUncertainty - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - - - + + + - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + + + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - + + + + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + + + + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingResistance + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + - + - + - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - ElectricCharge - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - + + + + + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Simulation + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle + + + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting + + + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Pressing + Anpressen + Pressing + + + + - + - - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticMoment + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - + + - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit + + + + - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + HardwareModel + HardwareModel + + + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 + + + + + + + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -16953,76 +16333,73 @@ Resilience - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - - - - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Planing + Hobeln + Planing - + @@ -17030,38 +16407,16 @@ Resilience - - - - - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - - - - - - + - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. @@ -17078,619 +16433,821 @@ Resilience Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + + + + + + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + RelativeVolumeStrain + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + + + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + + + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + - - + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + + + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - + + - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance - - - + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 - - - - - - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - GammaSpectrometry - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - Spectrometry - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - - - - - - - + + + - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + + + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - - - - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NaturalProcess - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - - - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - + + - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Wavenumber - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - - - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + + + + + + + + + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - + + + - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - - - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - - + + + + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Widening - Weiten - Widening + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - + + + + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + + + + - - + - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - SurfaceMassDensity - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - + + + + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + DigitalData + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + FractionUnit + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction + + + + + + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + + + + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - PrimitiveForming - Urformen - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + Spacing + Spacing - + - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - HardeningByRolling - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - MercuryPorosimetry - MercuryPorosimetry - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + Peening + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - + - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - - - - - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + + + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + + + + + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. + + + + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - - - - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + ElementaryParticle + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - + + + + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + + + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DeepFreezing - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumeFlowRate + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - - IntermediateSample - IntermediateSample + + + + + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - Factory - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - + + + + + + + - - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - + - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - + + + + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + + + + + + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + + + + + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + RestMass + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + HardwareManufacturer - - + + - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - OpticalMicroscopy - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - - - - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - + + @@ -17701,801 +17258,833 @@ Number of apples - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + + + + + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - - + + + + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - Organisation - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - - - - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - + + + + + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - + + + + + + + + + + + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Moulding - Gesenkformen - Moulding - - - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + Capacitance + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - + + - Describes the level of automation of the test. - - LevelOfAutomation - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - - + + + - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + + + + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. -A color is a nominal property. +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. -Sex of a human being. - nominal property +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Width - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + PhysicalParticle + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - + - + - + - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - - + + + - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - LinearChronopotentiometry - LinearChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - IntentionalProcess - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + + + + + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + - + - + - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - - - - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - - - - - - - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + SurfaceMassDensity + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + PrimitiveForming + Urformen + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - - + + - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + ChargeNumber + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Dilatometry + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - - + + - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - + + + - + - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + ModulusOfElasticity + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - + + + + + + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + + + + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + + + + + + - - = + + - - The equals symbol. - Equals - Equals - The equals symbol. + + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularWaveNumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - + + - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled - - - - - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - + + + - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragCoefficient + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle + + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - - - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + MagneticReluctance + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - + + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + SamplePreparationParameter + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - - - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Widening + Weiten + Widening - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + TensileForming + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - - - - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + @@ -18503,470 +18092,609 @@ Batch programming languages. - + - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + + + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - + - - - - - - - - + - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - + + + + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - NonEncodedData - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - + + - SandMolds - SandMolds + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + FlexuralForming + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder + + + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + Thermogravimetry + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + IsobaricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - - - - - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - - + + + + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + + - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - - + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 + + + + + + + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + - HardwareModel - HardwareModel + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Gluing + Kleben + Gluing - - - - - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + + + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + SampleInspectionParameter + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - - - - + + + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + + + - - + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - + - - - - - - - - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - SpecificActivity - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumeFlowRate - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit + + + + + + + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - + + + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + ThreePointBendingTesting + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + + + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + + - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - - + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + UnitOne + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + ACVoltammetry + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - + - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityDensity - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - + + - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nailing - Nageln - Nailing + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - + + + + - - + + - - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c - - - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - - - - - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - - - - - - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceVoltage - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - Voltage - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - - - - - - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + Constituent + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit + + + + + - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + WorkFunction + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + CoefficientOfFriction + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - + + + + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + LandeFactor + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + + @@ -18974,423 +18702,425 @@ Batch programming languages. - + - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - - + + + + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + + + - - + + + + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + + + - - - 1 + + + + + + - - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + SystemResource + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + + + + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Dismantling + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - - - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - + + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - - + + - DropForging - DropForging + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - - - + + + + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - UnitOne - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + + + + + + + + + + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - Holder - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - - - - - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - + + - - - - - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - - - - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - + + + - - + - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - - - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - - - - - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - AtomProbeTomography - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - - - - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - - - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - + + + - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - + + + + + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + RotationalDisplacement + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + @@ -19398,397 +19128,430 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + Flanging + Flanging - - - - - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - + + + + + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngularMeasure + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing + + + + + + + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + + - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ModulusOfRigidity + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + Molality + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - + + + + + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + + + + + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + + - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CyclicVoltammetry - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Atom + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting + + + + + - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + IonTransportNumber + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - + + - - - - - - + + Δ - - A constituent of a system. - Component - Component - A constituent of a system. + + Laplacian + Laplacian - - - - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + + + + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - + + - DieCasting - DieCasting + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - HardwareManufacturer + + + + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + CoatingManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - - SampleInspection - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - - - - - - - - - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + + + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit + + + + + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Probe + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - + + + + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Java - Java - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - SamplePreparationParameter - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit @@ -19804,42 +19567,44 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + + + + + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting - - - - - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - + @@ -19847,302 +19612,253 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - - - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexPower - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - HPPC - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - StepChronopotentiometry - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + + + + + - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - DrawForming + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - + + - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - - - - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - GapEnergy - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + + Porosimetry + Porosimetry - - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - - - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - - - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Homonuclear + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + + + + + IntermediateSample + IntermediateSample - - - - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - - + + - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - - Probe - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - + + + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - + @@ -20150,1409 +19866,1580 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - CharacterisationComponent + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - C - C + + + + + + + + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + + + + + + + + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + Array3D + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + AtomProbeTomography + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + + + + + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - - - - - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + + - - + - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - - - + + - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - - - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - + + - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice - - - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - + + - - + - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - Molality - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - - - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - - - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + RamanSpectroscopy + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseCoefficient + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + Tempering + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript + + + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DeepDrawing + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing + + + - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - - - - - + + + + + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + - - + + = + + The equals symbol. + Equals + Equals + The equals symbol. + + + + + - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - MagneticReluctance - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + AbsoluteHumidity + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - - - - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - + + + + + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + + - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - - - - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - - - + + + + + + + + + + - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - Fractography - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - - - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - - - - - - - - - - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing - - + + - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier - - - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - + + + - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + + + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - + + - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - + + - + - + - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - AbsoluteHumidity - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - - - - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - - PrimaryData - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction - Noise reduction - X and Y axes correction + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + AdditiveManufacturing + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + InternalEnergy + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + - + - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + + + + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + + + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Wavenumber + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType + + + + + - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DegreeOfDissociation + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + + + + - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark + + + + + + Calendering + Calendering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + ShearForming + Schubumformen + ShearForming - + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit - - - - - - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + + + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - - - - - - - - - - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonNumber - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - + + - - SamplePreparationInstrument - SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - + + - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - MaximumEfficiency - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsEnergy - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - + + - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 - + + + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark + + + - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - Signal - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating - - - - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 + -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - + + + - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - + + - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - - + + + - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - Hazard - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - Nexafs - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + + + + + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - - - - - - - - - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProduct - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + + + + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + + + + + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - + + + + + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - PureParallelWorkflow - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - + + - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - - - - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - - + + + - + - Decays per unit time. - Radioactivity - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark - + + + + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + Bending + + + - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - ModulusOfCompression - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + WBoson + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + SampledDCPolarography + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + + + Painting + Painting - - - - - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + + + + + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - - - - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricImpedance - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - + + + + + + + + + + - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - + @@ -21560,1199 +21447,1343 @@ The Navier-Stokes equation. - + - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - + + - - ∇ + + - - Gradient - Gradient + + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - + + + + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LinearScanVoltammetry + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - + + + + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition + + + + + - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - - + + - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - DynamicLightScattering - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - - - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + + + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - + + + + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + + + - + - + - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - - - - - + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 + + + + + + Gathering + Gathering + + + + - - + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Number of ions per volume. - IonNumberDensity - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit + + + + + + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - + + + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + + + + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - + + - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting - - - - - - - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + Cementing + Cementing - - - + + + - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - + - - - - - - + + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - FatigueTesting - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - + + + + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + MetrologicalUncertainty + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark + + + - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + StepChronopotentiometry + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark + + + + + + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. - - - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark + + + + + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + KineticFrictionForce + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - - + + - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - FibDic - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - Cleaning + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - + + - - + - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - - - - - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + + + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + ComputerSystem + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + + + + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - + + + - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - + + + - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit - - - - - - - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - MaterialsModel - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. + +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + Existent + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + + + + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - + + - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + DrawForming - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - - + + - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointBendingTesting - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + CharacterisationComponent + CharacterisationComponent - - + + - Assigned - Assigned + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + StandardUnit + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - Constituent - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - - - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + + + + + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - - - - - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + + Ruby + Ruby - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Inverse of the impendance. - Admittance - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - + + - + - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - + + + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - - - - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - + - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - + + + + + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + + + + - - + + + + + + - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DecayConstant - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - - - - - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - - - + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 + + + + - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - + + + + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + + + + + + + + + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + - + - - + - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricConductivity - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + + + + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + + + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + + + + + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + - + - + - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - CommercialProduct - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - - - - - - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - + @@ -22760,176 +22791,233 @@ Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - + - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityDensity + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - StandardUnit - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting - + + + + + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + + + + + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - + - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + - - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - - PhysicsOfInteraction - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - + + + - Irradiate - Irradiate + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Cutting + Schneiden + Cutting - - + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + + + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit + + + + - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - + - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - + - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. @@ -22941,591 +23029,547 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - + - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - - - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - - + + + - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 - - - - - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + + + + + + + + + + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationNumber + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + + + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - + + - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - + + + - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - + + + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Viscometry + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + An integer number. + Integer + Integer + An integer number. + + + + + + + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + + + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit - - - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - + + + - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - - IonChromatography - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - - - - - - - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + + + + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + + + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + + + + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - - + + + + + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering - - - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + + + Riveting + Riveting - - - - - - - - - - - - - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + ShearCutting + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - - - - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - + + + + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - + + - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + Diameter + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - - - - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + + - - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit - - - - - + - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - - + + + - + - + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - - - - - - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - ScanningKelvinProbe - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water - - + + + - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + + + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - - + + + - - + + - - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Matrix + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - - + + - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - + + - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - Thermogravimetry - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + + + + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - - + + + - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark - + - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + + + @@ -23533,643 +23577,535 @@ ISO 80000-1 - + - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - TotalMassStoppingPower - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - + + + + + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - + + - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - - - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - + + + - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - + + + - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + PhaseDifference + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - - + + - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - OpenCircuitHold - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + + + + + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - - - + + + - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardAmountConcentration - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + DynamicViscosity + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + FreeForming - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - - - - - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - + + - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - ShearCutting - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - + - - + - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - - - - - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - - - - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing - - - + + + - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - KineticFrictionForce - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - Folding - Folding + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - + + - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - PostProcessingModel - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - - - - - - - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - Bending + Profilometry + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion - - - - - - - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - - - - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - PeriodDuration - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IonMobilitySpectrometry + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - - - + + + + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + + - The sample is mounted on a holder. - - Mounting - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - + + - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - + + + - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - RamanSpectroscopy - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - + - - + - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - - Molds - Molds - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - - - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - + + + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseVelocity - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - - - - - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit @@ -24185,264 +24121,239 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - - - - Presses - Presses - - - - - - - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - Peening - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - - - + + + - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - 9-6.2 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - + + - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - MassSpectrometry - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - WorkFunction - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - - - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - CPlusPlus - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - + + + + + + - - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + + + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - + - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + Plus - - - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - NuclearMagneticResonance - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - + + - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Dilatometry - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - - - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - XpsVariableKinetic - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nailing + Nageln + Nailing @@ -24458,1019 +24369,1119 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - + + + - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. - - - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 - - - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark - - - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor - - - + + + - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. - - - - - - Ruby - Ruby - - - - - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - + + + - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - - - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - - - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - - - - - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + FormingBlasting + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - - + + + + + RawSample + RawSample + + + - + - + - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + + + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - - - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - + + + + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - + + + + + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - ShearOrTorsionTesting + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing + + + + - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - - - + + - AntiTau - AntiTau + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - - - - - The sample after a preparation process. - - PreparedSample - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + + + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - + + + + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. + + + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + + + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance + + + + + + + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + + + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - - + + - Cementing - Cementing + Presses + Presses - - + + - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - - + + + + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanDurationOfLife - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + + + + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - ACVoltammetry - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - - - Python - Python + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering - - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms - + - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - + - - + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - A boolean number. - Boolean - Boolean - A boolean number. - - - - + - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Soldering - Löten - Soldering + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - + + - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - - + + - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + Folding + Folding - - + + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Screwing - Schrauben - Screwing + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + ZBoson + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - - + + - Foaming - Foaming + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation + + + + + - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - + - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + NuclearMagneticResonance + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - + + + - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + 9-6.2 - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + + + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + Gyroradius + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - - - - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division + + + + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HPPC + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - - - - - - - - - - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - + + + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - + + - + + ∇ - Plus - Plus + Gradient + Gradient + + + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - - - + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark + + + + - - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - - Minus - Minus + + + + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + + + + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - + + + + Python + Python + + + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN + + + + + + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - + + + + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + + + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - - - - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - Gyroradius - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OpenCircuitHold + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + Letter + Letter - - - - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - - + + - - Synchrotron - Synchrotron + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + ICI + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + + + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + + + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). @@ -25480,318 +25491,195 @@ Hartree-Fock. Exponent - + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation + + + + + + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - - - - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + + + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - + + + - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Extrusion + Extrusion - + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + + + + + + + + + A boolean number. + Boolean + Boolean + A boolean number. - - - - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + + + C + C - - - + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 - - - - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - - - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing - - - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding - - - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - - + + - Filling - Filling - - - - - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal - - - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - universe - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - - @@ -25806,6 +25694,15 @@ Hartree-Fock. + + + + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + universe + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + + @@ -25840,18 +25737,22 @@ Hartree-Fock. Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + + - + + 2 + 1 - 1 + 4 @@ -25863,7 +25764,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - 3 + 1 @@ -25875,11 +25776,11 @@ Hartree-Fock. - 1 + 1 - 2 + 1 @@ -25891,7 +25792,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - 4 + 3 @@ -25906,24 +25807,6 @@ Hartree-Fock. 1 - - 1 - - - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - @@ -25939,73 +25822,96 @@ Hartree-Fock. - - - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - - - - - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + + + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -26050,11 +25956,10 @@ Hartree-Fock. - - + + - - + @@ -26063,80 +25968,229 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + - + - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + + + + + + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + + + + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + + + + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + + + + + + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + + + + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + + + + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + + - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - + - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + + + + + + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + + + + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + + + + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + + + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + + + + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + + + + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 @@ -26144,48 +26198,66 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + + + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + + + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 @@ -26204,7 +26276,7 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + @@ -26212,105 +26284,74 @@ Hartree-Fock. - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - + - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - + - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - DIN 55405:2014-12 - - - - - - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - - + + - - + @@ -26320,322 +26361,301 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - - - Verfestigen durch Umformen - DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for parthood. - + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + - - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - + - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + Verfestigen durch Umformen + DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + - + - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - + + + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + + - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + EN 10028-1:2017-07 - + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - - - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - + - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - + - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - DIN 8586:2003-09 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + DIN 55405:2014-12 - + - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - + - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - + + - + + @@ -26644,201 +26664,172 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - - + + - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - - - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - + - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - + - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - + - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - + - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - + - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - - - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - + - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - + - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf @@ -26849,103 +26840,133 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet - - - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - ISO 13574:2015-02 + + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - ISO 14034:2016-11 + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - + - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + ISO 13574:2015-02 - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - DIN 8587:2003-09 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - + - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Object that is processed with a machine + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - EN 16603-11:2019-11 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + + + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - + - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + DIN 8580:2022-12 @@ -26956,363 +26977,337 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - + - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - + - - - 2 + + + + + + - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transitivity for parthood. + - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - + - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). - + - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + ISO 14034:2016-11 - + - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - + - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - + - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - - - - - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - + - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - - - - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - + - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - - - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - ISO 4885:2018-02 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - + - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - + - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - - - - Object that is processed with a machine - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - + - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - - - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation @@ -27320,178 +27315,122 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + + - Transitivity for proper parthood. + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - + - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + EN 16603-11:2019-11 - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + ISO 4885:2018-02 - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + + + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - + - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - - + + - + + @@ -27500,58 +27439,16 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code - + - + - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - - - - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - - - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - - - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - - - - - - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - - diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl index 9186bf9..ca32ee8 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.ttl +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; - owl:versionIRI ; + owl:versionIRI ; dcterms:abstract "CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation techniques and methodologies."@en ; dcterms:alternative "CHAMEO" ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Del Nostro, P., Goldbeck, G., Toti, D., 2022. CHAMEO: An ontology for the harmonisation of materials characterisation methodologies. Applied Ontology 17, 401–421. doi:10.3233/AO-220271." ; @@ -2027,6 +2027,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasAccessConditions"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasBPMNDiagram +:hasBPMNDiagram rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 ; + rdfs:range :BPMNDiagram ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasBeginCharacterisationTask :hasBeginCharacterisationTask rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_4ab7fb52_cec3_4c00_90c0_5648f01e3296 ; @@ -2498,6 +2505,21 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasSampledSample"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure +:rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain :Rationale ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationProcedure ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : . + + +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasUserCase +:rationaleHasUserCase rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain :Rationale ; + rdfs:range :UserCase ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise :requiresLevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; @@ -2508,19 +2530,6 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . -### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure -:userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; - rdfs:domain :UserCase ; - rdfs:range :CharacterisationProcedure ; - rdfs:comment "Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:label "userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - skos:altLabel "userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure"@en . - - ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# @@ -2904,7 +2913,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model."@en . @@ -3288,7 +3297,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en , """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit \"1000010\" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter \"B\". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: \"Hello\", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbolic"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; @@ -4290,7 +4299,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ] ; rdfs:comment "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Determination"@en ; skos:altLabel "Characterisation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Determination"@en ; @@ -4494,7 +4503,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 , ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; @@ -5186,7 +5195,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observed"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observed"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person met by the author."@en . @@ -5201,7 +5210,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en . @@ -5702,7 +5711,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en , """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:label "MolecularEntity"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalEntity"@en ; @@ -6052,7 +6061,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Subjective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; @@ -6567,7 +6576,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Objective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -7154,7 +7163,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -7433,7 +7442,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; rdfs:comment "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en , "A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Description"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Description"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en ; @@ -7654,7 +7663,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 rdf:type owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -7923,7 +7932,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en . @@ -8333,7 +8342,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ef37f82_cd1a_4d49_ace1_83b17487c8e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb ; rdfs:comment "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "MeasuredConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en . @@ -8399,7 +8408,7 @@ Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantu Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions."""@en , "The class of entities without proper parts."@en , "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Quantum"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. @@ -8587,7 +8596,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; @@ -8779,7 +8788,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Process"@en ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en , "Perdurant"@en ; @@ -9069,7 +9078,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en , "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en , "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en , "Work"@en ; @@ -9320,7 +9329,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en , """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Perspective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -9400,7 +9409,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -10114,7 +10123,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en , "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -10505,7 +10514,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; rdfs:comment "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en , "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -10690,7 +10699,7 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . @@ -10992,7 +11001,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Matter"@en ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en ; @@ -11724,7 +11733,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en , "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en . @@ -12386,7 +12395,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -12636,7 +12645,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DerivedQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; @@ -13121,7 +13130,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_79575941_45dc_4f15_bb59_dc04dff2c92d rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_79751276_b2d0_4e2f_bbd4_99d412f43d55 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants" ; skos:prefLabel "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; @@ -14338,7 +14347,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en , "The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "MathematicalFormula"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en . @@ -14512,7 +14521,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb ; rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ExactConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en . @@ -14528,7 +14537,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en , "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; @@ -14633,7 +14642,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . @@ -15995,7 +16004,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -16096,7 +16105,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bc6da11_528a_44e8_bd9e_c4154eae7e55 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -16128,7 +16137,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9c32fd69_f480_4130_83b3_fb25d9face14 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9c407ac0_fd4c_4178_8763_95fad9fe29ec rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)." . @@ -16465,7 +16474,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. \"Bq\" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of \"B\" and \"q\" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en , "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbol"@en ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -17220,7 +17229,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "BaseQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" @@ -18055,7 +18064,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction."@en , "A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Property"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Property"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction."@en ; @@ -18184,7 +18193,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b94b3748_71c5_4de9_95e7_42586c3ed607 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -18199,7 +18208,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. With \"exact\" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. @@ -18283,7 +18292,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ] ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; skos:altLabel "Project"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IntentionalProcess"@en ; @@ -18357,7 +18366,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Substance"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . @@ -18515,7 +18524,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en , "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DiscreteData"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; @@ -18845,7 +18854,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en , "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FractionUnit"@en ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19014,7 +19023,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en , "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalStructure"@en ; skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ; @@ -19130,7 +19139,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An icon that focusing WHAT the object does."@en , "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en , "This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FunctionalIcon"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FunctionalIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en ; @@ -19349,7 +19358,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c949f76f_4a65_4203_9734_0f9dd778e56b rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -19580,7 +19589,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a rdf:type owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionalUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; @@ -20351,7 +20360,7 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en , (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Icon"@en ; skos:altLabel "Model"@en , "Simulacrum"@en ; @@ -20490,7 +20499,7 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -21482,7 +21491,7 @@ f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en , "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Equation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Equation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; @@ -21652,7 +21661,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac rdf:type owl:Class ; ) ; rdfs:comment "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en , "A non-path causal structure"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; @@ -21978,7 +21987,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ea47add2_8e93_4659_a5f0_e6879032dee0 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -22102,7 +22111,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en , "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Atom"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalElement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en ; @@ -23198,7 +23207,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -23998,6 +24007,14 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings."@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#BPMNDiagram +:BPMNDiagram rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:label "BPMNDiagram" ; + skos:prefLabel "BPMNDiagram" . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod :BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GasAdsorptionPorosimetry ; @@ -24454,7 +24471,6 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :CharacterisationTechnique rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; rdfs:comment "The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en , - "" , "A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationTechnique"@en ; @@ -24892,46 +24908,40 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent :DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coulometry ; - rdfs:comment "Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , - "The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en , - "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential :DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coulometry ; - rdfs:comment "Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , - "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en , - "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , + "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en , + "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DirectCurrentInternalResistance :DirectCurrentInternalResistance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DirectCurrentInternalResistance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCurrentInternalResistance"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DynamicLightScattering :DynamicLightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DynamicLightScattering"@en ; skos:altLabel "DLS" ; @@ -24942,8 +24952,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; @@ -24953,8 +24962,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy :DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "DMA" ; @@ -24965,29 +24973,24 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy :ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impedimetry ; - rdfs:comment "Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency."@en , - "The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en , - "electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "EIS"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry :ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrogravimetry ; - rdfs:comment "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en , - "The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . @@ -24995,25 +24998,25 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :ElectrochemicalTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargeDistribution ; rdfs:comment "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en , - "" ; + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalTesting"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9" ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalTesting"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Electrogravimetry :Electrogravimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Electrogravimetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Electrogravimetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953" ; ns1:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en , + "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry"@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; @@ -25028,8 +25031,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :ElectronBackscatterDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScanningElectronMicroscopy , :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; - rdfs:comment "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en ; skos:altLabel "EBSD" ; @@ -25040,8 +25042,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#ElectronProbeMicroanalysis :ElectronProbeMicroanalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; @@ -25051,29 +25052,17 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Ellipsometry :Ellipsometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; - rdfs:comment """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Ellipsometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Ellipsometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy :EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "EDS"@en , @@ -25087,8 +25076,7 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy :EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - rdfs:comment "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; @@ -25098,21 +25086,17 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Exafs :Exafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Exafs"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Exafs"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#FatigueTesting :FatigueTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "FatigueTesting"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FatigueTesting"@en ; @@ -25122,8 +25106,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#FibDic :FibDic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "FibDic" ; skos:altLabel "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis" ; @@ -25134,8 +25117,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy :FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "FE-SEM" ; @@ -25146,8 +25128,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy :FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "FTIR"@en ; @@ -25160,19 +25141,17 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Fractography :Fractography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Fractography"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Fractography"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry :FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; - rdfs:comment "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; @@ -25182,40 +25161,29 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique :GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique"@en ; skos:altLabel "GITT"@en ; skos:prefLabel "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986" ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#GammaSpectrometry :GammaSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - rdfs:comment """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#GasAdsorptionPorosimetry :GasAdsorptionPorosimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porosimetry ; - rdfs:comment "Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "GasAdsorptionPorosimetry"@en ; skos:altLabel "GasAdsorptionPorosimetry" ; @@ -25226,29 +25194,29 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Grinding :Grinding rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - rdfs:comment "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines." ; + rdfs:comment "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines." . + rdfs:label "Grinding"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Grinding"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#HPPC :HPPC rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "HPPC"@en ; skos:altLabel "HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation"@en , "HybridPulsePowerCharacterization"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HPPC"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#HardnessTesting :HardnessTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "HardnessTesting"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HardnessTesting"@en ; @@ -25258,8 +25226,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Hazard :Hazard rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; - rdfs:comment "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Hazard"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Hazard"@en ; @@ -25269,8 +25236,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Holder :Holder rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; - rdfs:comment "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Holder"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Holder"@en ; @@ -25280,16 +25246,12 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#HydrodynamicVoltammetry :HydrodynamicVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; - rdfs:comment "A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied."@en , - "Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves."@en , - "The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en , - "voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237" ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . @@ -25297,41 +25259,37 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#ICI :ICI rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "ICI"@en ; skos:altLabel "IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ICI"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Impedimetry :Impedimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Impedimetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Impedimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#InteractionVolume :InteractionVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 ; - rdfs:comment "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en , + rdfs:comment "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en , "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en , - "" ; + "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "InteractionVolume"@en ; skos:prefLabel "InteractionVolume"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en , - "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en , - "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...)."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#IntermediateSample @@ -25346,8 +25304,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#IonChromatography :IonChromatography rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; - rdfs:comment "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "IonChromatography"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IonChromatography"@en ; @@ -25358,8 +25315,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#IonMobilitySpectrometry :IonMobilitySpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - rdfs:comment "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en ; skos:altLabel "IMS" ; @@ -25370,17 +25326,12 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#IsothermalMicrocalorimetry :IsothermalMicrocalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermochemicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; skos:altLabel "IMC" ; skos:prefLabel "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Laboratory @@ -25396,8 +25347,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#LevelOfAutomation :LevelOfAutomation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; - rdfs:comment "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; @@ -25407,8 +25357,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#LevelOfExpertise :LevelOfExpertise rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; - rdfs:comment "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; @@ -25418,8 +25367,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#LightScattering :LightScattering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "LightScattering"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LightScattering"@en ; @@ -25429,12 +25377,12 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#LinearChronopotentiometry :LinearChronopotentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly."@en , + "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; @@ -25447,11 +25395,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#LinearScanVoltammetry :LinearScanVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; - rdfs:comment "LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry."@en , - "The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation."@en , - "The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en , - "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; skos:altLabel "LSV"@en , @@ -25459,7 +25403,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "LinearSweepVoltammetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700" ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . @@ -25467,8 +25411,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MassSpectrometry :MassSpectrometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; - rdfs:comment "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MassSpectrometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MassSpectrometry"@en ; @@ -25479,84 +25422,58 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti :MeasurementDataPostProcessing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; rdfs:comment "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en , - "" ; + "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en , - "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MeasurementParameter :MeasurementParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a ; - rdfs:comment "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal."@en , + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MeasurementParameter"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementParameter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MeasurementSystemAdjustment :MeasurementSystemAdjustment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationProcedure ; - rdfs:comment """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en , - """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en , + "From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated."@en , + "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementSystemAdjustment" ; - ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en ; ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "Adjustment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MeasurementTime :MeasurementTime rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; - rdfs:comment "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data."@en , + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MeasurementTime"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementTime"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MechanicalTesting :MechanicalTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; - rdfs:comment """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MechanicalTesting"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MechanicalTesting"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing" . @@ -25564,7 +25481,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :MembraneOsmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; rdfs:comment "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en , - "" ; + "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MembraneOsmometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MembraneOsmometry"@en ; @@ -25574,19 +25491,19 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#MercuryPorosimetry :MercuryPorosimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porosimetry ; - rdfs:comment "a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion."@en , + "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "MercuryPorosimetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MercuryPorosimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Microscopy :Microscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; rdfs:comment "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en , - "" ; + "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Microscopy"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Microscopy"@en ; @@ -25596,9 +25513,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Milling :Milling rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - rdfs:comment "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece." ; + rdfs:comment "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece." . + rdfs:label "Milling"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Milling"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Mounting @@ -25609,7 +25528,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in owl:someValuesFrom :Holder ] ; rdfs:comment "The sample is mounted on a holder."@en , - "" ; + "The sample is mounted on a holder." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Mounting" ; skos:prefLabel "Mounting" ; @@ -25620,7 +25539,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :Nanoindentation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; rdfs:comment "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en , - "" ; + "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter." ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Nanoindentation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Nanoindentation"@en ; @@ -25631,8 +25550,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy :NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en ; skos:altLabel "NSE" ; @@ -25643,8 +25561,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Nexafs :Nexafs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Nexafs"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Nexafs"@en ; @@ -25654,26 +25571,19 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#NormalPulseVoltammetry :NormalPulseVoltammetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; - rdfs:comment "Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV."@en , - "Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained."@en , - "The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse."@en , - "The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered."@en , - "The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en , - "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; skos:altLabel "NPV"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#NuclearMagneticResonance :NuclearMagneticResonance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en ; skos:altLabel "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)" , @@ -25685,13 +25595,12 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OpenCircuitHold :OpenCircuitHold rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Potentiometry ; - rdfs:comment "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; skos:altLabel "OCVHold"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Operator @@ -25703,8 +25612,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; - rdfs:comment "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Operator"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Operator"@en ; @@ -25714,12 +25622,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OpticalMicroscopy :OpticalMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OpticalTesting @@ -25734,8 +25641,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Osmometry :Osmometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; - rdfs:comment "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Osmometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Osmometry"@en ; @@ -25745,8 +25651,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; - rdfs:comment "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; @@ -25762,7 +25667,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ) ] ; rdfs:comment "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en , - "" ; + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; @@ -25773,9 +25678,11 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Polishing :Polishing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - rdfs:comment "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel." ; + rdfs:comment "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel." . + rdfs:label "Polishing"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Polishing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Porosimetry @@ -25791,8 +25698,8 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :PostProcessingModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0 ; rdfs:comment "Mathematical model used to process data."@en , - "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en , - "" ; + "Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en , + "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PostProcessingModel"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PostProcessingModel"@en ; @@ -25803,17 +25710,17 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; - rdfs:comment "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en , + rdfs:comment "Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution."@en , + "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en , "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en , "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en , - "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en , - "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en , - "" ; + "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; skos:altLabel "PSA"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution."@en , + "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [ rdf:type owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; @@ -25854,16 +25761,13 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Potentiometry :Potentiometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; - rdfs:comment "For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode."@en , - "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential."@en , - "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "Potentiometry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Potentiometry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632" ; ns1:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12" ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . @@ -25871,8 +25775,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :PreparedSample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; owl:disjointWith :ReferenceSample ; - rdfs:comment "The sample after a preparation process."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "The sample after a preparation process."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PreparedSample" ; skos:prefLabel "PreparedSample" ; @@ -25882,15 +25785,12 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#PrimaryData :PrimaryData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; - rdfs:comment "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en , - "" ; + rdfs:comment "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "PrimaryData"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PrimaryData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Baseline subtraction"@en , - "Noise reduction"@en , - "X and Y axes correction"@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction."@en . ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Probe @@ -26652,7 +26552,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique."@en . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26664,19 +26564,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger - ] . - -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger - ] . - [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26694,12 +26588,18 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + ################################################################# # General axioms ################################################################# diff --git a/chameo.html b/chameo.html index a0f5ea6..3743871 100644 --- a/chameo.html +++ b/chameo.html @@ -48,6 +48,10 @@

ACVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + ACV + Preflabel ACVoltammetry @@ -69,17 +73,13 @@

ACVoltammetry - Altlabel - ACV + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - Label ACVoltammetry @@ -178,6 +178,10 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + AdSV + Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -194,10 +198,6 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryComment Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - - Altlabel - AdSV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -346,14 +346,14 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryComment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -376,6 +376,14 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAnnotations + + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT + Preflabel AtomProbeTomography @@ -388,14 +396,6 @@

AtomProbeTomographyComment Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -441,6 +441,32 @@

AtomicForceMicroscopySubclass Of Microscopy +
+
+

BPMNDiagram

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#BPMNDiagram
Annotations
PreflabelBPMNDiagram
LabelBPMNDiagram
Formal description
Subclass OfIcon

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod

@@ -452,6 +478,10 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAnnotations + + Altlabel + BET + Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -464,10 +494,6 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodComment A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - Altlabel - BET - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory @@ -566,6 +592,10 @@

CalibrationProcessAnnotations + + Definition + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Preflabel CalibrationProcess @@ -594,10 +624,6 @@

CalibrationProcessExample In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - - Definition - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Label CalibrationProcess @@ -700,6 +726,10 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + CSV + Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -713,17 +743,13 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryStripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Altlabel - CSV + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -1026,6 +1052,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + + + Vimterm + Measuring instrument + Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1046,14 +1080,6 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentExample In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - - Vimterm - Measuring instrument - Label CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1092,6 +1118,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessAnnotations + + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Vimterm + Measurement + Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1108,14 +1142,6 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessComment The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Vimterm - Measurement - Label CharacterisationMeasurementProcess @@ -1390,6 +1416,14 @@

CharacterisationSystem Annotations + + Definition + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + + + Vimterm + Measuring system + Preflabel CharacterisationSystem @@ -1406,14 +1440,6 @@

CharacterisationSystemComment Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - - Vimterm - Measuring system - Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1486,6 +1512,14 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAnnotations + + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique + Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1502,22 +1536,10 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueComment The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - Comment - - Comment A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1688,6 +1710,14 @@

ChronoamperometryAnnotations + + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Preflabel Chronoamperometry @@ -1700,14 +1730,6 @@

ChronoamperometryComment Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -1856,14 +1878,14 @@

ConductometricTitrationComment Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -1898,22 +1920,22 @@

ConductometryComment Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - - Example - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Example + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Conductometry @@ -2020,14 +2042,14 @@

CoulometryWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 @@ -2156,6 +2178,10 @@

CyclicVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + CV + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2169,25 +2195,21 @@

CyclicVoltammetryVoltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Altlabel - CV + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2680,6 +2702,10 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + DPV + Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -2692,22 +2718,18 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryComment Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - Altlabel - DPV - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -2760,6 +2782,10 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + DSC + Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -2772,10 +2798,6 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryComment Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - Altlabel - DSC - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -2832,6 +2854,10 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAnnotations + + Altlabel + DTA + Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -2844,10 +2870,6 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisComment Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - Altlabel - DTA - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -2910,23 +2932,11 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrentElucidation - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - - - Comment - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - - - Comment - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - - Comment - + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. Label @@ -2956,23 +2966,19 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialElucidation - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - - - Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - Comment + Elucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Comment - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. Comment - + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. Iupacreference @@ -3006,15 +3012,11 @@

DirectCurrentInternalResistanceElucidation - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Comment - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - - - Comment - + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. Label @@ -3038,6 +3040,10 @@

DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Altlabel + DLS + Preflabel DynamicLightScattering @@ -3050,14 +3056,6 @@

DynamicLightScatteringComment Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - DLS - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3092,10 +3090,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalAnalysisComment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - Comment - - Label DynamicMechanicalAnalysis @@ -3118,6 +3112,10 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + DMA + Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3130,14 +3128,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyComment Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - DMA - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3160,42 +3150,30 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + EIS + Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Elucidation - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - - - Comment - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - - - Comment - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. Comment - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - Comment - - - - Altlabel - EIS + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3224,19 +3202,11 @@

ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetryElucidation - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - - - Comment - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. Comment - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - - - Comment - + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. Iupacreference @@ -3270,7 +3240,7 @@

ElectrochemicalTesting Elucidation - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Comment @@ -3278,7 +3248,7 @@

ElectrochemicalTesting Comment - + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. Label @@ -3308,15 +3278,15 @@

ElectrogravimetryElucidation - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Comment + Elucidation method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Comment - + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Wikipediareference @@ -3352,6 +3322,10 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAnnotations + + Altlabel + EBSD + Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3364,14 +3338,6 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionComment Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - EBSD - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3410,10 +3376,6 @@

ElectronProbeMicroanalysisComment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - Comment - - Label ElectronProbeMicroanalysis @@ -3442,15 +3404,11 @@

EllipsometryElucidation - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric
properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is
the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the
light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic
layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique
can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - Comment - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric
properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is
the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the
light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic
layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique
can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Comment - + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. Label @@ -3474,6 +3432,14 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX + Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -3486,18 +3452,6 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyComment An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - EDS - - - Altlabel - EDX - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy @@ -3540,10 +3494,6 @@

EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopyComment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - Comment - - Label EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3572,15 +3522,11 @@

Exafs Elucidation - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.
When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Comment - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented.
When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - - Comment - + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. Label @@ -3616,10 +3562,6 @@

FatigueTestingComment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - Comment - - Label FatigueTesting @@ -3642,6 +3584,10 @@

FibDic Annotations + + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Preflabel FibDic @@ -3654,14 +3600,6 @@

FibDicComment The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - Label FibDic @@ -3684,6 +3622,10 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + FE-SEM + Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3696,14 +3638,6 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyComment Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FE-SEM - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3726,6 +3660,10 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + FTIR + Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -3738,14 +3676,6 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyComment A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - FTIR - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy @@ -3782,15 +3712,11 @@

FractographyElucidation - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - Comment - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Comment - + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. Label @@ -3826,10 +3752,6 @@

FreezingPointDepressionOsmometryComment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - Comment - - Label FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry @@ -3852,25 +3774,21 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAnnotations + + Altlabel + GITT + Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Elucidation - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. Comment - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - GITT + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. Wikidatareference @@ -3904,15 +3822,11 @@

GammaSpectrometryElucidation - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]

Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.

A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - - Comment - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2]

Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.

A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Comment - + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. Label @@ -3936,6 +3850,10 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -3948,14 +3866,6 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryComment Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - Comment - - - - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -3967,8 +3877,7 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetrySubclass Of Porosimetry -
-

+

Grinding

@@ -3979,6 +3888,10 @@

Grinding

+ + + + @@ -3987,6 +3900,10 @@

Grinding

+ + + + @@ -4006,28 +3923,24 @@

HPPCAnnotations

- - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + @@ -4063,10 +3976,6 @@

HardnessTestingComment

- - - - @@ -4163,10 +4072,6 @@

HazardComment

- - - - @@ -4201,10 +4106,6 @@

HolderComment

- - - - @@ -4233,40 +4134,24 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetry

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - - + + + + @@ -4289,25 +4174,21 @@

ICI

+ + + + - + - - - - - - - - - + @@ -4337,15 +4218,11 @@

ImpedimetryElucidation -

- - - - + - + @@ -4383,15 +4260,11 @@

InteractionVolumeComment -

+ - - - - - + @@ -4399,15 +4272,11 @@

InteractionVolumeComment -

+ - - - - - + @@ -4473,10 +4342,6 @@

IonChromatographyComment

- - - - @@ -4503,6 +4368,10 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometry

+ + + + @@ -4515,14 +4384,6 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometryComment

- - - - - - - - @@ -4545,25 +4406,21 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAnnotations

+ + + + - + - - - - - - - - - + @@ -4633,10 +4490,6 @@

LevelOfAutomationComment

- - - - @@ -4671,10 +4524,6 @@

LevelOfExpertiseComment

- - - - @@ -4709,10 +4558,6 @@

LightScatteringComment

- - - - @@ -4741,15 +4586,15 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryElucidation -

+ - + - + @@ -4774,57 +4619,41 @@

LinearScanVoltammetryAnnotations

- - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - + + + + @@ -4859,10 +4688,6 @@

MassSpectrometryComment

- - - - @@ -4899,15 +4724,11 @@

MeasurementDataPostProcessingComment -

- - - - + - + @@ -4937,15 +4758,15 @@

MeasurementParameter

- + - + - + @@ -4969,33 +4790,33 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentAnnotations

+ + + + + + + + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - + @@ -5025,15 +4846,15 @@

MeasurementTimeElucidation -

+ - + - + @@ -5063,15 +4884,11 @@

MechanicalTestingElucidation -

- - - - + - + @@ -5113,7 +4930,7 @@

MembraneOsmometryComment -

+ @@ -5143,15 +4960,15 @@

MercuryPorosimetryElucidation -

+ - + - + @@ -5189,7 +5006,7 @@

MicroscopyComment -

+ @@ -5213,6 +5030,10 @@

Milling

+ + + + @@ -5221,6 +5042,10 @@

Milling

+ + + + @@ -5253,7 +5078,7 @@

Mounting

- + @@ -5295,7 +5120,7 @@

NanoindentationComment -

+ @@ -5323,6 +5148,10 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -5335,14 +5164,6 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyComment

- - - - - - - - @@ -5377,10 +5198,6 @@

NexafsComment

- - - - @@ -5403,45 +5220,21 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetry

+ + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + @@ -5469,6 +5262,14 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAnnotations

+ + + + + + + + @@ -5481,18 +5282,6 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceComment

- - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -5515,25 +5304,21 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAnnotations

+ + + + - - - - - + - - - - - + @@ -5569,10 +5354,6 @@

Operator

- - - - @@ -5609,15 +5390,11 @@

OpticalMicroscopyElucidation -

- - - - + - + @@ -5683,10 +5460,6 @@

OsmometryComment

- - - - @@ -5721,10 +5494,6 @@

PhotoluminescenceMicroscopyComment

- - - - @@ -5761,7 +5530,7 @@

PhysicsOfInteraction

- + @@ -5793,6 +5562,10 @@

PolishingAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -5801,6 +5574,10 @@

PolishingComment

+ + + + @@ -5867,11 +5644,11 @@

PostProcessingModelComment -

+ - + @@ -5895,41 +5672,41 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisAnnotations

+ + + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - + - - - - - + @@ -5959,32 +5736,20 @@

PotentiometryElucidation -

- - - - - - - - + - + - - + + - - - - @@ -6023,10 +5788,6 @@

PreparedSampleComment

- - - - @@ -6061,21 +5822,9 @@

PrimaryDataComment

- - - - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -6279,6 +6028,10 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -6295,10 +6048,6 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodComment

- - - - @@ -6527,26 +6276,6 @@

ReferenceSampleAnnotations

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -6571,6 +6300,26 @@

ReferenceSampleVimterm

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -6593,6 +6342,10 @@

Sample

+ + + + @@ -6617,10 +6370,6 @@

SampleComment

- - - - @@ -6921,6 +6670,10 @@

SampledDCPolarography

+ + + + @@ -6941,10 +6694,6 @@

SampledDCPolarographyComment

- - - - @@ -6971,6 +6720,10 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -6987,10 +6740,6 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyComment

- - - - @@ -7013,6 +6762,10 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7029,10 +6782,6 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyComment

- - - - @@ -7055,6 +6804,10 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7071,10 +6824,6 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeComment

- - - - @@ -7135,6 +6884,10 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7151,10 +6904,6 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyComment

- - - - @@ -7207,6 +6956,10 @@

SecondaryDataAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7231,10 +6984,6 @@

SecondaryDataExample

- - - - @@ -7257,6 +7006,10 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7273,10 +7026,6 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryComment

- - - - @@ -7329,6 +7078,10 @@

Signal

+ + + + @@ -7357,10 +7110,6 @@

SignalComment

- - - - @@ -7459,6 +7208,18 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry

+ + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7481,36 +7242,24 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry

- - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - - - + + + + @@ -7667,6 +7416,10 @@

TensileTestingAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7683,10 +7436,6 @@

TensileTestingComment

- - - - @@ -7709,6 +7458,10 @@

ThermochemicalTesting

+ + + + @@ -7725,10 +7478,6 @@

ThermochemicalTestingComment

- - - - @@ -7751,6 +7500,10 @@

ThermogravimetryAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7767,10 +7520,6 @@

ThermogravimetryComment

- - - - @@ -7793,6 +7542,10 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7809,10 +7562,6 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingComment

- - - - @@ -7877,6 +7626,10 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -7893,10 +7646,6 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyComment

- - - - @@ -7987,6 +7736,10 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -8003,10 +7756,6 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryComment

- - - - @@ -8029,6 +7778,10 @@

ViscometryAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -8045,10 +7798,6 @@

ViscometryComment

- - - - @@ -8095,14 +7844,14 @@

VoltammetryWikipediareference

- - - - + + + + @@ -8201,6 +7950,14 @@

XpsVariableKineticAnnotations

+ + + + + + + + @@ -8213,14 +7970,6 @@

XpsVariableKineticComment

- - - - - - - - @@ -8243,6 +7992,10 @@

XrayDiffractionAnnotations

+ + + + @@ -8259,10 +8012,6 @@

XrayDiffractionComment

- - - - @@ -8293,6 +8042,10 @@

XrayPowderDiffraction

+ + + + @@ -8309,10 +8062,6 @@

XrayPowderDiffractionComment

- - - - @@ -8395,6 +8144,29 @@

hasAccessConditionsSubclass Of

+
Annotations
PreflabelGrinding
Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines.Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines.
LabelGrinding
Formal description
PreflabelHPPC
Elucidationelectrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current loadAltlabelHybridPulsePowerCharacterisation
Commentelectrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current loadAltlabelHybridPulsePowerCharacterization
CommentPreflabelHPPC
AltlabelHybridPulsePowerCharacterisationElucidationElectrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load.
AltlabelHybridPulsePowerCharacterizationCommentElectrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load.
LabelA test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material.
Comment
Label HardnessTestingSet of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger.
Comment
Label HazardAn object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process.
Comment
Label Holder
Elucidationvoltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface
CommentA linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied.
CommentMass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves.
CommentThe forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration).
Commentvoltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surfaceVoltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration).
CommentVoltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration).
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations
AltlabelIntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod
Preflabel ICI
Elucidationelectrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the currentElectrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current.
Commentelectrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current
Comment
AltlabelIntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethodElectrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current.
Labelmeasurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential
Commentmeasurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potentialMeasurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential.
CommentMeasurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential.
IupacreferenceIn some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem.In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal.
CommentIt is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal.
CommentIn some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem.In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal.
CommentThe volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal.
ExampleIn Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc.
ExampleIn x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …).In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...).
LabelIon chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger.
Comment
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatographyAnnotations
AltlabelIMS
Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometryIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring.
Comment
AltlabelIMS
Label IonMobilitySpectrometry
AltlabelIMC
Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry
ElucidationIsothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced.		Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced.
CommentIsothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced.
Comment
AltlabelIMCIsothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced.
LabelDescribes the level of automation of the test.
Comment
Label LevelOfAutomationDescribes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing).
Comment
Label LevelOfExpertiseLight scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color.
Comment
Label LightScatteringchronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearlyChronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly.
CommentElucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly
CommentChronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly.
Label
PreflabelLinearScanVoltammetry
ElucidationVoltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time.AltlabelLSV
CommentLSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry.AltlabelLinearPolarization
CommentThe peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation.AltlabelLinearSweepVoltammetry
CommentThe scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs.PreflabelLinearScanVoltammetry
CommentVoltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time.ElucidationVoltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs.
Comment
AltlabelLSV
AltlabelLinearPolarization
AltlabelLinearSweepVoltammetryVoltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs.
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Label LinearScanVoltammetryMass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules.
Comment
Label MassSpectrometry
ExampleAnalysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals.
ExampleIn nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals.Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals.
Label
ElucidationDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signalDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal.
CommentDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signalDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal.
CommentDescribes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal.
Label
DefinitionFrom the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.
VimtermAdjustment
Preflabel MeasurementSystemAdjustment
ElucidationActivity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).
The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process.		Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process.
CommentActivity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration).
The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process.		Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process.
CommentSet of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured
NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form
“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.
NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment
(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).
NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite
for adjustment.
NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)		From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.
Comment
DefinitionSet of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured
NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form
“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used.
NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment
(sometimes called “gain adjustment”).
NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite
for adjustment.
NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)
VimtermAdjustmentActivity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated.
LabelThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement dataThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement data.
CommentThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement dataThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement data.
CommentThe overall time needed to acquire the measurement data.
LabelMechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc.
CommentMechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc.		Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc.
CommentMechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc.
WikipediareferenceIn the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution.
Labela method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusionA method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion.
Commenta method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusionA method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion.
CommentA method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion.
LabelMicroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales.
Label
Annotations
PreflabelMilling
Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece.Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece.
LabelMilling
Formal description
CommentThe sample is mounted on a holder.
LabelNanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter.
Example
AltlabelNSE
Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyNeutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation.
Comment
AltlabelNSE
Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyNear edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms.
Comment
Label NexafsAnnotations
AltlabelNPV
Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry
Elucidationvoltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential
CommentNormal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV.
CommentSigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained.
CommentThe current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse.
CommentThe current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered.
CommentThe sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte.
Commentvoltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential
CommentVoltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte.
AltlabelNPVCommentVoltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte.
Iupacreference
AltlabelMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
AltlabelNMR
Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonanceNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds.
Comment
AltlabelMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
AltlabelNMR
Label NuclearMagneticResonance
AltlabelOCVHold
Preflabel OpenCircuitHold
Elucidationa process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)
Commenta process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions).
Comment
AltlabelOCVHoldA process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions).
LabelComment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages.
Comment
Label OperatorOptical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light
CommentOptical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible lightOptical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light.
CommentOptical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light.
LabelOsmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg).
Comment
Label OsmometryPhotoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules.
Comment
Label PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy
CommentSet of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law).
Example
PreflabelPolishing
Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel.Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel.
LabelPolishing
Formal description
The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data.Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data.
CommentThe PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data.
Label
AltlabelPSA
Preflabel PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis
Elucidationtwo-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potentialTwo-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution.
Commenthistorically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercuryElucidationtwo-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential
Commentthe accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetryTwo-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution.
Commentthe stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solutionhistorically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury
Commentthe time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solutionthe accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry
Commenttwo-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potentialthe stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution
Comment
AltlabelPSAthe time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution
LabelPotentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment.
CommentFor measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode.
CommentMethod of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential.Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode.
CommentPotentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment.Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode.
CommentWikidatareferencehttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632
Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Wikidatareferencehttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632
Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12The sample after a preparation process.
Comment
Label PreparedSampleData resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing.
Comment
ExampleBaseline subtraction
ExampleNoise reduction
ExampleX and Y axes correctionBaseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction.
Label
AltlabelPseudoOCV
Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod
AltlabelPseudoOCV
Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod
PreflabelReferenceSample
ElucidationMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”.
CommentMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)
CommentMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”.
Comment
Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)		Reference material
PreflabelReferenceSample
ElucidationMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”.
CommentMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)
CommentMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”.
Comment
Label ReferenceSampleAnnotations
AltlabelSpecimen
Preflabel SampleSample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero.
AltlabelSpecimen
Label SampleAnnotations
AltlabelTASTPolarography
Preflabel SampledDCPolarography
AltlabelTASTPolarography
Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
AltlabelAES
Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelAES
Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelSEM
Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelSEM
Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelSKB
Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe
AltlabelSKB
Label ScanningKelvinProbe
AltlabelSTM
Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy
AltlabelSTM
Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy
AltlabelElaborated data
Preflabel SecondaryDataIntensity maps
AltlabelElaborated data
Label SecondaryData
AltlabelSIMS
Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry
AltlabelSIMS
Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations
DefinitionAccording to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ).
Preflabel Signal
DefinitionAccording to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ).
Label SignalAnnotations
AltlabelOSWV
AltlabelOsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry
AltlabelSWV
Preflabel SquareWaveVoltammetry
Commentvoltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp
Comment
AltlabelOSWV
AltlabelOsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetryvoltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp
AltlabelSWVComment
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Label SquareWaveVoltammetry
AltlabelTensionTest
Preflabel TensileTesting
AltlabelTensionTest
Label TensileTestingAnnotations
AltlabelTMA
Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting
AltlabelTMA
Label ThermochemicalTesting
AltlabelTGA
Preflabel Thermogravimetry
AltlabelTGA
Label Thermogravimetry
AltlabelThreePointFlexuralTest
Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting
AltlabelThreePointFlexuralTest
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test
AltlabelTEM
Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelTEM
Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy
AltlabelVPO
Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry
AltlabelVPO
Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry
AltlabelViscosity
Preflabel Viscometry
AltlabelViscosity
Label Viscometryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093
Iupacreferencehttps://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109
Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11
AltlabelElectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)
AltlabelX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Preflabel XpsVariableKineticX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background.
AltlabelElectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)
AltlabelX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Label XpsVariableKinetic
AltlabelXRD
Preflabel XrayDiffraction
AltlabelXRD
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallographyAnnotations
AltlabelXRPD
Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction
AltlabelXRPD
Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffractionhasProperty
+
+
+

hasBPMNDiagram

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasBPMNDiagram
Annotations
Formal description
Subclass OfObjectProperty
Subclass OfhasIcon

hasBeginCharacterisationTask

@@ -8406,6 +8178,10 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8414,10 +8190,6 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8444,6 +8216,10 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8452,10 +8228,6 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8482,6 +8254,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8490,10 +8266,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8520,6 +8292,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8528,10 +8304,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8558,6 +8330,10 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8566,10 +8342,6 @@

hasCharacterisationInputComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8596,6 +8368,10 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8604,10 +8380,6 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8634,6 +8406,10 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8642,10 +8418,6 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8706,6 +8478,10 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8714,10 +8490,6 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8744,6 +8516,10 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8752,10 +8528,6 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8782,6 +8554,10 @@

hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8790,10 +8566,6 @@

hasCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8990,6 +8762,10 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -8998,10 +8774,6 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10054,70 +9826,68 @@

hasUniqueIDSubclass Of topDataProperty -

-
-

requiresLevelOfExpertise

+
+
+

rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure

- + - - + - - + + - - + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertisehttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure
Annotations
PreflabelrequiresLevelOfExpertiseFormal description
CommentSubclass OfObjectProperty
LabelrequiresLevelOfExpertiseSubclass OftopObjectProperty
+
+

rationaleHasUserCase

+ - + + - - + + + + - + -
Formal descriptionIrihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#rationaleHasUserCase
Subclass OfObjectPropertyAnnotations
Formal description
Subclass OfhasPropertyObjectProperty
-
-

userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure

+
+
+

requiresLevelOfExpertise

- + - - - - - + - - - - - + - + @@ -10128,7 +9898,7 @@

userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedureSubclass Of -

+
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedurehttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#requiresLevelOfExpertise
Annotations
PreflabeluserCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure
ElucidationUsed to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedurerequiresLevelOfExpertise
CommentUsed to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure
AltlabeluserCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure
LabeluserCaseHasCharacterisationProcedurerequiresLevelOfExpertise
Formal descriptiontopObjectPropertyhasProperty
@@ -10175,6 +9945,7 @@

chameo-inferred

  • AnodicStrippingVoltammetry
  • AtomProbeTomography
  • AtomicForceMicroscopy
    • +
  • BPMNDiagram
  • BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod
  • CalibrationData
  • CalibrationDataPostProcessing
    • @@ -10370,6 +10141,7 @@

    chameo-inferred

  • Object Properties
    • diff --git a/chameo.owl b/chameo.owl index 06deadd..ad522cd 100644 --- a/chameo.owl +++ b/chameo.owl @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ - + CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation techniques and methodologies. @@ -51,25 +51,22 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - + + - - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask @@ -83,282 +80,286 @@ Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - - - - - - hasParticipant - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput - - - - - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + + + + + + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - - - - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + + + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - + + - - - hasOperator + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasOperator - - - - - - - - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - + + - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - + - - - hasPart - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - - + + - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + hasProcessingReproducibility - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - hasInput - The input of a process. - hasInput - The input of a process. + + + + + + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - + - - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - + + - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + + hasMeasurementProbe - + + + + + + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + - - - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - + + - - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + isDirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - + + + - - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + + + + + + + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + + + + + hasInput + The input of a process. + hasInput + The input of a process. - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask + + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask - + - - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + equalsTo + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - + - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + hasPart + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. @@ -368,127 +369,113 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be isPartOf - - + + - - - hasStatus - hasStatus + + + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - + - - + - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - + - - - - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - + + - - isCauseOf - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + + + + + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - + + + - hasAccessConditions - - hasAccessConditions + hasObjectiveProperty + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty - - - - - - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + hasConventionalProperty + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - + - - - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - - - - - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - + + - - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. @@ -502,112 +489,58 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - - - - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - - - - - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + hasDataAcquisitionRate - + - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + + + + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - + + - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + hasInteractionWithProbe - requiresLevelOfExpertise + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - - hasMeasurementDetector - + + + + + + hasParticipant + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - - - - - - isDirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - + - - - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - - - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). @@ -619,27 +552,45 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations hasTask - - - + - - - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - + + + + + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + + + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. @@ -654,67 +605,51 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - hasObjectiveProperty - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - - - + + - - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + isCauseOf + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - + + - - - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - + + + + - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. @@ -728,45 +663,75 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - + + + + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + + + + - - - hasDataset + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasDataset + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + + + + + + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + - - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - - hasLevelOfAutomation + + + + + + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - + + - + - - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). @@ -788,132 +753,135 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasHolder + + hasHolder - - + + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasHardwareSpecification - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasHardwareSpecification - - - - - - hasMetricPrefix - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage + - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart - - + - - - - equalsTo - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + + + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - - hasReferenceSample + + + + + + + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - + + - - - hasMeasurementSample + + + hasCharacterisationProperty - hasMeasurementSample + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - hasConventionalProperty - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + + + + + + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + + + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - + - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + hasHazard - hasSamplePreparationParameter - - - - - - - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + hasHazard - + - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem + + + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + + hasMeasurementDetector @@ -936,113 +904,85 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + + + + + + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - mereological - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + hasCharacterisationComponent + + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - - - - - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent - - - - - - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion - - - - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. @@ -1055,103 +995,110 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasDataQuality - - - - - - hasMeasurementTime - - hasMeasurementTime + + + + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + + + + + + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - + - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + + mereological + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + + + + + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - + + - - - hasPostProcessingModel + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasPostProcessingModel + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + hasLevelOfAutomation + + hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf - - + + - - - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + + + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - - - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + + + + + hasSampledSample + + hasSampledSample @@ -1163,42 +1110,24 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - + + - - - hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - + + - - - hasMeasurementParameter + + + hasPostProcessingModel - hasMeasurementParameter + hasPostProcessingModel @@ -1210,109 +1139,69 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasCharacterisationInput - - - - - - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + requiresLevelOfExpertise - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - - - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - - - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour - - - - - - - - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - + + - hasInteractionWithSample + hasMeasurementSample - hasInteractionWithSample + hasMeasurementSample - - - - - - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure + + + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -1324,100 +1213,73 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasFractionalCollection - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - + + - - - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - - - - - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith + + + + + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + hasInteractionVolume - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasInteractionVolume - - + + - - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - - hasHazard - - hasHazard + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject - - - - - - hasInteractionWithProbe - - hasInteractionWithProbe + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection @@ -1430,36 +1292,6 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A temporal part that is a collection. - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - - hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - - @@ -1469,6 +1301,16 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasVariable + + + + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps + + @@ -1478,23 +1320,29 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasLab - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + + + + - - - - - - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. @@ -1508,92 +1356,109 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasCharacterisationTask - + + - - - hasMeasurementProbe - - hasMeasurementProbe + - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationProperty + + + hasReferenceSample - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + hasReferenceSample - - + + - - - hasSampledSample + + + hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasSampledSample + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - + + - - - hasInteractionVolume + + + hasAccessConditions - hasInteractionVolume + hasAccessConditions - - - - hasCharacterisationComponent - - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + + + + + + + + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - - - - hasProcessingReproducibility - - hasProcessingReproducibility + + + + + + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput - - + + + + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + + + hasMetricPrefix + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + + + - - - hasHolder + + + hasOperator - hasHolder + hasOperator @@ -1609,44 +1474,156 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - hasDimensionString - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - hasDimensionString - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus + - - + + - - - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue - + + + hasMeasurementParameter + + hasMeasurementParameter + - - - - - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + + + + + + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + + + + + + + + hasInteractionWithSample + + hasInteractionWithSample + + + + + + + hasDataset + + hasDataset + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + + hasMeasurementTime + + + + + + + + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + + + hasModel + hasModel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationParameter + + hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith + + + + + + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + + + + + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + + + + + + + + hasSampleForInspection + + hasSampleForInspection + + + + + + + + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember + + + + + + + + hasDateOfCalibration + + hasDateOfCalibration @@ -1661,15 +1638,24 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - - - - - - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + + + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + hasDimensionString + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + hasDimensionString + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. @@ -1683,21 +1669,35 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - + + + + + + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + - - hasURLValue - hasURLValue + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue - - - - + + + - hasDateOfCalibration - - hasDateOfCalibration + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). @@ -1711,13 +1711,6 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue - - @@ -1730,6 +1723,20 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue + + + + + + hasURNValue + hasURNValue + + @@ -1738,29 +1745,20 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu - - - - - VIMTerm - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - - - - - + + + + comment + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. @@ -1774,35 +1772,13 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - + - comment - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. @@ -1817,15 +1793,54 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + etymology + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + + + + + + + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + + + + + + + - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + + + + @@ -1838,57 +1853,72 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - + - - - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - + + - - - iupacReference - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + + + ucumCode + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference - - + + + + + + - + - - - - etymology - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + + + + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) + + + + + + + VIMTerm + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. @@ -1901,22 +1931,20 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - - - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference @@ -1930,32 +1958,52 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - + - - - - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + - + - + + + + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + + + + + + + + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. @@ -1969,66 +2017,52 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - - - - - - ucumCode - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + + + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. - + - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference - + - + - - - - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - + - - + + + - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + iupacReference + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference - + + + + + - - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. @@ -2036,71 +2070,114 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu - + - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference - - - + - - + + - + - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + - - - + + + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + - - - + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + Energy + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + - - - + + + + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + - + - + - SurfaceActivityDensity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + KermaRate + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. @@ -2122,321 +2199,237 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - - + + - - - 1 + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + + + LinearEnergyTransfer + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - + - - - ChargeNumber - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + + + + + + + + MagnetomotiveForce + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - + - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - UnitOne - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + OpticalTesting + + OpticalTesting - - - DimensionlessUnit - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - OxidationNumber - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - WorkpieceForming - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + + + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - + - + + - - Exposure - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - - - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + ElectricPotential + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + + + DegreeOfDissociation + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + + + + + + + + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - + - - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - - - - - - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - - - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - - - - - Object - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - - - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - - + + - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit @@ -2484,3317 +2477,2830 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - 1 - - - + + + + RatioQuantity + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + + + + + + - - - 1 + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + + + - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + + CharacterisationTask + + + + + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SamplePreparation - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - + - - SamplePreparationInstrument - - SamplePreparationInstrument + + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + Potentiometry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - - + + - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + DoseEquivalent + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - + - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - + + - + - + - PhysicalParticle - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - - - ElectronAffinity - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - WeakBoson - WeakBoson - - - - - - - Moulding - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Gesenkformen - Moulding - - - - - - CompressiveForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming - - - - - - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - - - Calendering - Calendering - - - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - - + + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + + Power + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - - - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - + + + + ConventionalProperty + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - - - - AngularFrequency - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - - - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - + - Process - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Persistence - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). - -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. - - - - - - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - - - - - HalfLife - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - - - - Duration - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + + + + ElectricResistance + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + + + + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - + - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + + + WorkFunction + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - + - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - + - - RatioQuantity - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + Gyroradius + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - + - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit - - - - - - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + Radius + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - + + - - + + - - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - - - - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - - - Admittance - Inverse of the impendance. - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + + VolumeFlowRate + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - + - - - - - - - - - - ElectricConductance - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - - - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + StepChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - + - FunctionalIcon - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - - - Wavelength - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - - + + - - + + - - - Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - + + - - - 2 + + - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - + + + Equation + An equation with variables can always be represented as: - - - - Spacing - Spacing - +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - - - - Symbol - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y + -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + + SpinQuantumNumber + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - + - - - LondonPenetrationDepth - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + QuantumNumber + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandardModelParticle - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + + + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Quantum - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + Voltammetry + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - - - - - - - Operator - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - Activity - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - - - - - - - - - Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - - - + + + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - + - - ApparentPower - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + AngularWavenumber + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. - + - - - - - - - - + - Power - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + MagneticSusceptibility + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + + ACVoltammetry + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - - - + + - SemioticObject - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - - MigrationLength - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - + - - IsobaricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - + - - + + - - - HeatCapacity - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - + - - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - - + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - MolarInternalEnergy - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + + + + ShearForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + Schubumformen + ShearForming - + - + - MolarEnergy - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + + ElectricFlux + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalStructure + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + + + + + + + + ThermalInsulance + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - + + - - + + - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit - - - - - - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + Procedure + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - - - - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + + AmountFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - + + - - - 1 + + - - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + Speed + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - + + + + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + + + - - InteractionVolume + + ThermochemicalTesting - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. - In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - + + + + CharacterisationTechnique + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + + + + MassConcentration + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + Density + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + 4-2 + 9-10 + Mass per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - MaterialTreatment - esce workpiece - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. + + + + Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + + + + + + + + + ThomsonCoefficient + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + + + + + + + + + + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - + - - + - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + + + + + MolecularConcentration + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + - - - WorkFunction - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - - - Person - Person - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 - - - - + + - - + + - - - Equation - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y - - - - + - - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + ParticleNumberDensity + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - + - + - - ReciprocalLength - The inverse of length. - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + LatticeVector + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - + - - - MassFractionOfWater - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + Displacement + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - + - - - MassFraction - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + + + + + + DiffusionArea + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - + + + - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + - - DoseEquivalentRate - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + Wavelength + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - + - + - - - AbsorbedDoseRate - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + + + Length + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - + - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticFieldStrength - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - + - - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - + - - Cleaning - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - - - - - - PrimaryData - - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction - Noise reduction - X and Y axes correction + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricChargeDensity - Electric charge per volume. - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + + + + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - + - - Coulometry - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 - - - - - - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - + - - + + - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + + AreaDensity + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - Procedure - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + MassFractionOfWater + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - + + + + + MassFraction + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + + + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised + + + + - - + + - - + + - - + + - + - + - + - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + + + + + + + + + + AmountConcentration + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + + + + + + + + HallCoefficient + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - + - + - - ActivityDensity - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + + EquilibriumPositionVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - - - - - - - PowerFactor - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - - - - - - - SuperconductorEnergyGap - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - GapEnergy - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - Compressibility - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - MaterialRelation - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + + + + + + + + + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - + - - Radius - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + + Mathematical + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - RadialDistance - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + + Calendering + Calendering - + - - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic - - - - - - - - - - - MomentOfIntertia - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + + Material + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - - - NominalProperty - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + + + + Symbol + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). -A color is a nominal property. +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + + + + 2 + + + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - + - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + ConductometricTitration + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - Spectroscopy - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Conductometry + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - LarmonFrequency - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - + - - - RelativeVolumeStrain - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - + - - - BraggAngle - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + AbsoluteActivity + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - + - - Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - OpticalMicroscopy - - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - - - - - Microscopy - - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - + - + - Speed - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + + Magnetization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + + LinearIonization + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - + - - + + - - FineStructureConstant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - SampleInspection - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + ReciprocalLength + The inverse of length. + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - SampleInspectionParameter - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - + - + - - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + ScalarMagneticPotential + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - + - - - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 - - - - - - Width - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + + InternalEnergy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - + + - - ThermalUtilizationFactor - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - + - - HPPC - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - - - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + + NuclearRadius + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - + - - - - - - - - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - - - - - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + + + + + + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - + + - - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - + - - - GFactor - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - + - - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - + - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - + - - - MaximumEfficiency - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + + + + + + + + + + + + AtomicMass + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - + - + - - - ParticleSourceDensity - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - - - - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - - - - Assemblying - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mass + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - FreeForming - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming + + + + + QualityFactor + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - - - - - - - - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - + - - GroupVelocity - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - Velocity - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalInteraction + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - - - - - + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - - + + - + - + - EMMO - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - - - - - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - + - + + - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + + + + - MolarMass - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + ThermalDiffusionFactor + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Step - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - + + - - - - - - + + - - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + ParticleFluenceRate + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - + + - - - - - - + + - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + + + ElectricCurrentDensity + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + - - QuantityValue - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + + + + + + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + Command + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - - - - + + + - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - + - + - + - ElementaryParticle - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - EffectiveMass - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + + + + CoherenceLength + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - + + - - - - - - + + - - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - - - - - - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - - - - DebyeAngularFrequency - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + ElectricCharge + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - + - + - - - - - - - + + - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Boolean - A boolean number. - Boolean - A boolean number. + + + + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - + + + DiscreteData + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + - - - Number - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + + + HalfLife + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - + + + + Duration + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + + HeatFlowRate + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + + + + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - + + + + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - + + + + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + + ResourceIdentifier + + ResourceIdentifier + + + - - Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + Susceptance + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance - + - + - - - MolecularConcentration - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + + + ElectricConductance + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + - - - - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ParticleNumberDensity - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - - - SlowingDownLength - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + + + + + + + + + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - + + - - + + - - - Momentum - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - - - - - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy - - - - - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - - - - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - - - - - - - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - - HardwareManufacturer - - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - HardwareModel - - HardwareModel + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - + - + - + - + @@ -5802,1416 +5308,1585 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - - - Porosimetry - - Porosimetry + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - CharacterisationTechnique - - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded - - - + - + - - EquilibriumPositionVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + GyromagneticRatio + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - - + + + + + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + + + Process + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + + + + + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + + + Wavenumber + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + + + + ShearCutting + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - - - - - - - - - Mounting + + + + SampleExtraction - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - + + + + CharacterisationProcedure + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + + + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + - + - EnergyFluence - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + IonNumberDensity + Number of ions per volume. + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - SpecificEnergy - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + + + + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - - - - VolumeFraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - + + + - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - - - - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + + + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - + - Exafs - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - Grinding - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + Spectroscopy + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting - + + + + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - DIN 8580:2020 - Trennen - CuttingManufacturing - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + + + + + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - - MembraneOsmometry - - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - - - Osmometry - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + + + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - + - + - LuminousFlux - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + BohrMagneton + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - + - + + - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - - - SecondaryData - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + Molality + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Matter + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - - - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + + + + + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + + + + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + MomentOfIntertia + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + + + + + + Screwing + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Schrauben + Screwing + + + + + + Pressing + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Anpressen + Pressing + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + VolumicCrossSection + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - + + + + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + - - = + + - - - Equals - The equals symbol. - Equals - The equals symbol. - - - - - - Mathematical - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - + - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - + - - Voltammetry + ProcessingReproducibility - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - + - - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + MigrationLength + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ElectricFluxDensity - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - Ablation - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Abtragen - Ablation + + + + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + - + - - - ElectricCurrentDensity - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + ThermalResistance + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - + + + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + + + + - - + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + WorkpieceForming + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - + - - RefractiveIndex - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + HartreeEnergy + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - + + + + Probe + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + - + - + - - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementUnit + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - - - - - - - - - - - DiffusionArea - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - - - - - - - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + + + + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + + + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - - - - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast - - + + - - + + - - - SpecificActivity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - + - - CentreOfMass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + Width + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - + - + - - PositionVector - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + + + AngularFrequency + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - + - + - - - BurgersVector - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - + - Displacement - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + Frequency + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - - - - ElectrochemicalTesting - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + + + + + LarmonAngularFrequency + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - ChargeDistribution - - ChargeDistribution + + + + + GibbsEnergy + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + - - - ShearStrain - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + POH + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - + - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + + IonActivity + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + + + + PH + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricInductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + Spectrometry + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - LogarithmicDecrement - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + + + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - Drilling - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Bohren - Drilling + + + + Tortuosity + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + ChargeDistribution + + ChargeDistribution - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - Curvature - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - + + Velocity + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - - - - - RestEnergy - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - + - - + + - - - Permeance - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - - - PreparedSample - - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + LinearArray + 1DArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - + - - Sample - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - ReferenceSample - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - ReferenceSpecimen - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material + + + + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - - + + + - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - + Holistic + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - - - - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - - PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - - - - - - - - AngularMomentum - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + BohrRadius + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricDipoleMoment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + + + + + JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + + + - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - - - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting - - - - FractionUnit - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + + + + Angle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - + - - Diameter - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + ElectronAffinity + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + Number + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. - - - - MeasurementTime - - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + + + + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - + @@ -7233,2543 +6908,2389 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - DIN 8580:2020 - Urformen - PrimitiveForming - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - - - - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - Werkstücke - DiscreteManufacturing - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + + MultiplicationFactor + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - + - - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - - - Wavenumber - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct + + ChemicalPotential + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - + + + + SamplePreparationParameter + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + SurfaceMassDensity + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 + + + + + + + LinearExpansionCoefficient + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + - - + + - - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - + - - CharacterisationProcedure - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - - BohrRadius - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - + - + - - ElectronDensity - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + Luminance + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - - - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + ParticleEmissionRate + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - + - + - - Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - - - - - - Whole - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - Cementing - Cementing + + + + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + Diameter + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - - - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + + + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - + - + + - - + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - + - - - - - - - - - GyromagneticRatio - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + + + DebyeWallerFactor + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - + - OpticalTesting - - OpticalTesting + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - - - - - - - - - - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + + + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - - StepChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + Object + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - - - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 - + - - Solubility - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + Heat + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - - - - - - - MolarVolume - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + + + DimensionlessUnit + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples - - - - - - - - - - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + + + + + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + DIN 8580:2020 + Umformen + Forming + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - + - - - - - - - - Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + PositionVector + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + SampleInspection + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - + - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + + + ThermoelectricVoltage + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - + - - - VonKlitzingConstant - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + Voltage + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - - + + - - + + - - - ElectricResistance - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + - FundamentalBoson - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + + - + - - DoseEquivalent - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + LinearMassDensity + Mass per length. + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - + - - - ResidualResistivity - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 + + + + + + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + + + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + + + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - ElectricResistivity - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - - - - DewPointTemperature - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + + + + + + + + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - + - - + + - - - ThermodynamicTemperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark - - - - - - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + FineStructureConstant + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - LinearChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - LinearChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - + - - ReactivePower - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + Lethargy + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - + + - - ∇ + + - - Gradient - Gradient - - - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - + + + - - + + - - + + - + - + - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + EMMO + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + + + + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 - + - - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 - + - + - - - SpecificHeatCapacity - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + + Compressibility + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - + + + + + + + + + + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial - - - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + + RelativeHumidity + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - - Profilometry - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + + SpecificEnergyImparted + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + + + + + SpecificEnergy + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - - + + + + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + Torque + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - + - - - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + GrueneisenParamter + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - + - - Fractography - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - - - - - - - - - - - - Data - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - - + + - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + Product + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - + - - - - - - - - - VolumicTotalCrossSection - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - + + + + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + + + - - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + ScanningKelvinProbe + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - - - - HolisticSystem - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + Welding + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Schweißen + Welding - - - - - - - - - - - TotalLinearStoppingPower - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - + + + + MeasuringInstrument + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - SpecificGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument - + - + - - MassExcess - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - + - + - - - - - - - + + - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - + + - - + + + + + + - + + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + + - - + + - - Manufacturing - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - - - CyclicVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Whole + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - + - + - - ElectricDipoleMoment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - - MechanicalTesting - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Product - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + ModulusOfCompression + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + + + + + + + + + + + + Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + Array + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + Rolling + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Walzen + Rolling - - - - - LossAngle - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - - - - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + + + + + + + ProbeSampleInteraction + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - + + + + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalInteraction - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. + + + + + CurieTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - + - - Height - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + CriticalTemperature + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - + + + + - - + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ParticleCurrentDensity - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - - - - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - + - - - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + PrincipalQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - + - + - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - Measurement - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - + + - + - - - - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Permeability - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - - - - - + - - SolubilityProduct - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - - EquilibriumConstant - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - - DegreeOfDissociation - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp - - - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark - - - - - - IonActivity - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - - NucleonNumber - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - - - - - + + + + + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + + FunctionalIcon + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + + FreeForming + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + + + + + + CompressiveForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + + + + + + + + - + + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + + + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + + + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - CharacterisationTask - - CharacterisationTask + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - DIN 8580:2020 - Umformen - Forming - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + + FermiEnergy + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + + DrawForming + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + + + + TensileForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - - - - - RelaxationTime - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - - - TimeConstant - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + Cutting + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Schneiden + Cutting - + - - SandMolds - SandMolds + + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + DIN 8580:2020 + Trennen + CuttingManufacturing + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder + + + + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - + + + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - - - - Exponent - Exponent + + HolisticSystem + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + + + + + + + + AbsorbedDoseRate + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + + - Holistic - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - + + + - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + + SpatioTemporalTile + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - - - LevelOfExpertise - - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + + NucleonNumber + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - + + + + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - + - + + - - - - - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + AngularWaveNumber + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + Wavenumber + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - LarmonAngularFrequency - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - + + - - + + - - - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + + MeasurementResult + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - + - - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + LinearScanVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - ThermochemicalTesting - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - + - + - - - SurfaceMassDensity - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + LuminousIntensity + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + + + + + LondonPenetrationDepth + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - + - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + + + ElementaryCharge + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - + - + - + - ElectricFlux - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricCurrent + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - + - - PeriodDuration - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + LandeFactor + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - + - - - IonTransportNumber - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + GFactor + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementUnit - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - - - PostProcessingModel - - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalModel - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - - - - - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + TotalLinearStoppingPower + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - + - EnergyImparted - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + MeanEnergyImparted + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - - - - - - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + + + + + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - + + + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + - - - - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + KineticFrictionForce + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - + - + - Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Force + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - MassConcentration - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark + + + + + + + MaterialTreatment + esce workpiece + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + + + - + - + + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 + + + + + + - - - - - - + + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Density - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - 4-2 - 9-10 - Mass per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit @@ -9793,1200 +9314,1364 @@ Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + + + + + + PeriodDuration + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - + - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - - + + - - + + - - - ExtentOfReaction - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SamplePreparation + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - + - ProcessingReproducibility + + Sample - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - POH - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + - - PH - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + + + + + EnergyFluenceRate + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - + + + - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m - - - - - AbsoluteActivity - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + DerivedUnit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + + RawData + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - KineticFrictionForce - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - + - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + + + ProtonMass + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - - - - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - - - - - - - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - + - - - - - - - - - ScalarMagneticPotential - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + + + NuclidicMass + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + + + + RestMass + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - - - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - + - - - GrueneisenParamter - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + FastFissionFactor + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - + - - FormingBlasting - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + Folding + Folding - + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin + + + + + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + - - - - - - - - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + + + + + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - + + + + + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. + + + + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - + - - - DebyeWallerFactor - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + QualityFactor + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - - - Gluing - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Kleben - Gluing + + + + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + + + ModulusOfElasticity + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + + + Permeance + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - - - Positron - Positron + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalParticle + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - - - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + + + + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - DisplacementVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + + + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - StrippingVoltammetry - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark - - - - LinkedFlux - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - + - + - - MagneticFlux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + RecombinationCoefficient + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + + + + + + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - + - + - - ThermalResistance - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + + ExtentOfReaction + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - + - + + + RelativeVolumeStrain + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + + + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - + + + OrdinalQuantity + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity + + + + + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + - - - - - - - - AngularAcceleration - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + + + ResonanceEnergy + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + + + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - + - - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + + MolarInternalEnergy + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - + - + - - DecayConstant - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - - DeepDrawing - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + MolarEnergy + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. - - - - TensileForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - - - + + + - - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - + - + + + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + + - PhaseDifference - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + SolidAngularMeasure + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + + ThermalUtilizationFactor + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering - - - - - - - - - - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - - - - - - - - - - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - + - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + Ablation + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Abtragen + Ablation - - - - - - - - - - - - - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + Werkstücke + DiscreteManufacturing + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - + + - - + + - - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson - - - - - - - MechanicalEfficiency - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - - - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - RamanSpectroscopy - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Matter - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - + - - - PropagationCoefficient - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + CarrierLifetime + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - Conductometry - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + TimeConstant + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - - - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - DragCoefficient - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - + + - - + + - - - Mobility - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - + - - CriticalTemperature - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + RelativeLinearStrain + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - - - + + + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - + - + - - SlowingDownDensity - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + ModulusOfRigidity + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - + - - + + + RotationalDisplacement + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - + - - - - - - - - MeanMassRange - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + EquilibriumConstant + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + + + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + + + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - DynamicLightScattering - - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 - - - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + PackingFraction + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - + - - - - AngularMeasure - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + RollingResistanceFactor + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - + - - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + + + + + + + + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - + - + - - - MassieuFunction - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + + Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - + @@ -10995,578 +10680,610 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc - - Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 + + Fugacity + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - + - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - - PathLength - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + + + + + + + + + + + Data + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - ContinuumSubstance - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + SeebeckCoefficient + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + - + + - - + + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - + - + - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + IonizationEnergy + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - + + + + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing + + + - - - MeanFreePath - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + Work + Product of force and displacement. + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - - - - - Tessellation - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - + - - - - - - - - - DensityOfVibrationalStates - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + + NeutronNumber + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - + - - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coded - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - - - ACVoltammetry - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + MagneticPolarisation + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticFluxDensity + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - LevelOfAutomation - - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + + + CubicExpansionCoefficient + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - + + + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - MeasuringInstrument - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. --- VIM - measuring instrument +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - - - - - - - - - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + + + + + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. + + + + IntermediateSample + + IntermediateSample - - + + - - + + + + + + - + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + + BindingFraction + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - + - + - - Molality - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + LuminousFlux + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - + - - - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - DiscreteData - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - - - - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - + - - Probe - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + PhaseAngle + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - + + + + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + - - + + - - - MolarEntropy - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit + AreaUnit + AreaUnit - - - - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - + + + + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + + RadialDistance + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - - - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - + - - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + FlexuralForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming + + + + + + + + + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + + + + + + Gathering + Gathering + + + + + + Height + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - - - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark @@ -11585,444 +11302,427 @@ Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - - - Numeral - Numeral - - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - - CharacterisationComponent - - - - - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 - - - - - - JoinManufacturing - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - - - - Electrogravimetry - - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Step + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - SeebeckCoefficient - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - - - - - - Strain - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - - - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - - - - Spectrometry - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticFluxDensity - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - - AlgebricExpression - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 - - - - - - - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - - - - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - - - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - - - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - + + + - - + + - CharacterisationEnvironment - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + MassExcess + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - ShearCutting - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalParticle + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - Cutting - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Schneiden - Cutting + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled - - - - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - + - - Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - + - - ComplexPower - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - - - Nailing - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nageln - Nailing + + + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - - - Pressing - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - + - - Tortuosity - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + + + MolecularPartitionFunction + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - + + - - DonorDensity - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + + + MeanFreePath + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + + + + + + + + + + + + + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - + - - - - - - - - - - - - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - ProbeSampleInteraction - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - + + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - + - + - - MassChangeRate - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + + MagneticDipoleMoment + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 + + + + + + + StandardAmountConcentration + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + + + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWater + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + - + - + - + @@ -12030,467 +11730,380 @@ Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType - - - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding - - - - - - DrawForming - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - - - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - VolumicCrossSection - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + + + + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - - - - - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + + + + + + + + Sign + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - - - - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. +Each of them are 'sign'-s. -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. - +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + TensileTesting + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + Cleaning + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - + + + - - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + - - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - TotalCurrent - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current - - - - + - - + + - - - ElectricCurrent - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - - - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - - - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + IsobaricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + + + HeatCapacity + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + + + + + + + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - FastFissionFactor - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + + + + SparkErosion + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - - - - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - + + + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - + - - + + - - - CharacterisationSystem - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + CharacterisationEnvironment + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - - - - - - Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + + + + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - - - - RotationalFrequency - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + + + ContinuumSubstance + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - + - - Porosity - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + + + + + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + + + + + + + + + Program + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCharge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + + + + SampleInspectionParameter + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - - - - - - - - - - - AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + + + + Parameter + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - - - - - SpecificEnergyImparted - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - + - + - - SpecificVolume - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 + + + ElectricConductivity + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 @@ -12503,494 +12116,452 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard.https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + - - - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + HalfValueThickness + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - + - - - - RollingResistance - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + Thickness + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - + - - - RollingResistanceFactor - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - + - - SpinQuantumNumber - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - QuantumNumber - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + + + Moulding + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Gesenkformen + Moulding - + - - AtomicScatteringFactor - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + SolidAngle + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + + + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + + + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - + - - JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + + + EnergyImparted + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - + + + + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - 9-6.2 + + + RelativeMassDensity + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - + - + - - - ElectricConductivity - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + SpecificActivity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + + + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - + + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - + + + + + Bending + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark + + + + + + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - + - - - - - - - - - Fugacity - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - - - ThreePointBendingTesting - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - + - - - GibbsEnergy - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - + - + - - MagneticVectorPotential - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - + + - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - - - - RawData - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - - - + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - MeasurementResult - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - + - - - - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - + + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - - - - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + 3DPrinting + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - + + + + + + + + - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + + + + + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 @@ -13003,2056 +12574,2348 @@ e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essentia https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - + - - - ElementaryCharge - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + + + + + Stress + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - + - - - StandardAmountConcentration - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + MixingRatio + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - - - - - - - - - AmountConcentration - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + + + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - + + + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering + + + + + + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + - - Viscometry - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + + + + + + + + + + + + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - - Python - Python + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - + - - ConventionalProperty - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + + + + + + + + + + DissociationConstant + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - + - - Casting - Casting + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - - - ConstitutiveProcess - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - + - - SamplePreparationParameter + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - + - + - NuclearMagneton - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - - - - - Sawing - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - - - - - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m - - - - - DerivedUnit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + MassAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - + - + - - MagneticDipoleMoment - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - + - + - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + + MassChangeRate + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicsOfInteraction - - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + + + + MaterialSynthesis + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - + + + + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + - - - OsmoticPressure - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - + - - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - - ReactorTimeConstant - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + Riveting + Riveting - - - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit + + + - - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + + StrippingVoltammetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + + + + + + + AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - + + + + + + + + - - MixingRatio - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - + - - - DiffusionLength - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + VacuumMagneticPermeability + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - - Impedimetry - - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - Impedimetry - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + Permeability + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + + + + + MeanDurationOfLife + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - + + + + + + + + + + + DensityOfVibrationalStates + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + + - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 + + + - - - NeutronYieldPerFission - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + ShearStrain + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - + - + - MagneticReluctance - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + ElectricInductance + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - + - - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + MeanLinearRange + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - + + + + + + + + - - TotalCrossSection - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - Determined - Determined + + + + + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - + - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit + + + CoefficientOfFriction + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - + - - + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + + + + + SpecificHeatCapacity + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - + - + - - MagneticMoment - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - - - - MercuryPorosimetry - - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - MercuryPorosimetry - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + AngularAcceleration + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - + + - + - + - - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + + + + + + + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - + - - Widening - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Weiten - Widening + + Planing + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Hobeln + Planing - - - - - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate - - - - - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - + - - - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Manufacturing + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - - LevelWidth - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - + - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + ReactivePower + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - + - + - - - AmountOfSubstance - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + + + CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark - - + + + - - - - - - - + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Sign - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit + -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + + + + + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + + + + + PhaseDifference + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + -Each of them are 'sign'-s. + + + + + ConstitutiveProcess + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + + + + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + + + + + + + + + + + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - + + + + + NonLeakageProbability + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + + + + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - + + + + + + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit + + + + + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + + - - + + - - - ModulusOfElasticity - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - + + + + BondedAtom + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - - - - - WaveVector - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - + + - - + + - - - Action - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - - - - + - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + + + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - + + + + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + - + - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + + LorenzCoefficient + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - + - + - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + ElectricFluxDensity + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + + + + + PartialPressure + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - + - + - - FundamentalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + Pressure + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 + + + + + + + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + + + + MaterialRelation + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - MagneticPolarisation - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalParticle - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - + - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - + - - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - - - - - NeutronNumber - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - + - - - ParticleEmissionRate - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + DragForce + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + MagneticFieldStrength + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - + - - - Kerma - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + + + PropagationCoefficient + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + Admittance + Inverse of the impendance. + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - + + - - - - - - - - - - + + - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - - - HardnessTesting - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - + - + - - MagnetomotiveForce - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + PlanckFunction + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - + + + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + Action + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + - - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering + + + + + + RadiusOfCurvature + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + + + + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + + + + EffectiveMass + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + + + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + - + - - - MolarConductivity - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + ThermodynamicTemperature + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - + - - - NeelTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + + LossAngle + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor + + + + + + + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - + - + + - - + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Torque - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - - - Molds - Molds + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - + - + - - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + + EnergyDensityOfStates + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - + - - - - + + + IonTransportNumber + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Integer - An integer number. - Integer - An integer number. + + + + Determined + Determined - - - - - - - - - - - - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - SampleExtraction - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - + - - LinearScanVoltammetry + + Profilometry - LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. - The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. - The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - + - - - MassConcentrationOfWater - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - + + + + + + + + AvogadroConstant + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - - - - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - + + - - + + - - - - Permittivity - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial - - - - - - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - - - - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + CharacterisationSystem + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - - + + - - + + - - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - LinearArray - 1DArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system - - - - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - + - - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - - - Signal - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + + + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - + - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + + + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - + + + + JoinManufacturing + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + - - + + - - - IonicStrength - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + + + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + + + + + Exponent + Exponent + + + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - + - - - Gyroradius - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + + + + + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - + - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - + + + + + TotalCrossSection + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + - + - - - - ThomsonCoefficient - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - Parameter - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + C + C - + - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - + - - - VacuumMagneticPermeability - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + + + + + + + + + Acceleration + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandaloneAtom - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - + + - - - - - - + + + 2 - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - - + - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - + + + + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + - - + + + Spin + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + + + + AngularMomentum + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - + - - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + + + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - + + - + - + - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - + - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - + - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - + + + + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + - - - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + MagneticQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + Molds + Molds + + + + + + + ResidualResistivity + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricResistivity + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - - - - - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + SourceVoltage + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - + - - - Attenuation - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + VoltagePhasor + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - + + + + + + + + + + AlgebricEquation + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c + + + - + - + - + @@ -15060,1591 +14923,1455 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + - - - HeatFlowRate - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + Solubility + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - Screwing - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Schrauben - Screwing + + + + + LossFactor + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - - - - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + RelativeMassExcess + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - + + + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + - - - - - - + + - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - IonChromatography - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + MolarVolume + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + + ElectronRadius + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling + + + - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + + + + ParticleSourceDensity + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation - + - - - InternalConversionFactor - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - + - - + + + + + + - - DynamicViscosity - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - + + + + + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) - In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - + + + + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit - - - - - - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Amperometry - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - + - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + GluonType4 + GluonType4 - - - - - ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - - - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + + + + Widening + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Weiten + Widening - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - + - - - - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit + + + DragCoefficient + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - + - - + + - - - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - - - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - - + + + + + 1 + + + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + Integer + An integer number. + Integer + An integer number. - - - - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + DIN 8580:2020 + Urformen + PrimitiveForming + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - + + + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + - - + - - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + ThermalConductivity + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + + + + + + + + + + - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - + - - - CoefficientOfFriction - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + + + ComptonWavelength + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - - + + + - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + + Component + A constituent of a system. + Component + A constituent of a system. - + - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + + + TotalAngularMomentum + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - - - - - AngularWavenumber - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - + - - - Lethargy - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - - - - - + + - - Existent - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + + ShearOrTorsionTesting - + - - + - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - ElectricPolarization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalStructure - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + AcceptorDensity + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - + - + - - - - - - - + + - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice + + + - - MetrologicalUncertainty - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + CountingUnit + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + + + FractionUnit + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + + + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 + + + + + + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Amperometry + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - + - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion + + + + + + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + + + - + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - AcceptorDensity - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) - - - - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + QuantityValue + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - - - - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - - A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. - Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. - The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + Casting + Casting - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - - - - - ParticlePositionVector - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - FatigueTesting - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - + - - + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit + + + AngularVelocity + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - + + + + - + - + - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - + - - - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + + + PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - - RelativeLinearStrain - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandardModelParticle + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + + + Quantum + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - + - - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - + - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - - - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - - - - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - TotalCurrentDensity - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + Thermogravimetry + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - + - - MeanLinearRange - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - - Holder - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + InternalConversionFactor + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - - MagneticSusceptibility - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - + + + + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - + + + + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + - - - MassFractionOfDryMatter - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + SecondaryData + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - + + + + + + + + - - NuclidicMass - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + VolumicTotalCrossSection + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - RestMass - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + + + + + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + + + + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + CrystallineMaterial + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + + + + + + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - + - - + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + + + + SpecificVolume + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + + NeelTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + + + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - - - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. - - - - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + + ElectronMass + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - - SpecificInternalEnergy - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - + - - XrayDiffraction - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - - - - - - - - - - - - PeltierCoefficient - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - - + + - - + + + - - Plus - Plus - + + + + + + + + + + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - - - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + 9-6.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + + ParticlePositionVector + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - + - + + - - VolumeFlowRate - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + PositionVector + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + FormingBlasting + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + PathLength + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - + - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - + + + + Nailing + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nageln + Nailing + + + + - - + + - - - ParticleFluenceRate - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - - - - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - + + Existent + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - - - CrystallineMaterial - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark - +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - - - - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - - - - - CarrierLifetime - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 - +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - - - - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - + - + - - + + + + + + + - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 - - - - - - - MolarGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - - - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + FundamentalBoson + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + ThreePointBendingTesting + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + + - - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - - - - - - - - - - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + ReactionEnergy + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. @@ -16660,67 +16387,142 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - + + + + + AbsoluteHumidity + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised + + + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting + + + + + + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + - - - ActivityOfSolvent - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - - + + + + RefractiveIndex + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - Material - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark @@ -16736,1310 +16538,1544 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - + + + + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + + + + Coulometry + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - - - ReactionEnergy - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + + + + + + + + + ElectronDensity + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - + - - SpecificEnthalpy - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + + + + + + + + + Exposure + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - + - + - - - ThermalConductivity - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + - - - SlowingDownArea - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + + + + + + MagneticFlux + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - + + + + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + - + - - - Area - Extent of a surface. - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + PressureCoefficient + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + + + + ReferenceSample + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + ReferenceSpecimen + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + + + + URI + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + + + + ElectricImpedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + - - - - - - - - - LinearMassDensity - Mass per length. - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + + + ActivityOfSolvent + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - + - + - - - RecombinationCoefficient - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - - - - - - - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + StructureFactor + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + + + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - + - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - OrdinalQuantity - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity - + + + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - - - - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTile - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile - +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - - - - - RelativePermittivity - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - SemioticEntity - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + + + + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) + -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + + + + + AtomicScatteringFactor + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses + + + - + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - + - - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + + + + + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + SamplePreparationInstrument - + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + - + + + + + + BurgersVector + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + + + + + + - - Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + Radioactivity + Decays per unit time. + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - + - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - + + + + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + MolarGasConstant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + + + DisplacementVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + + + + + LeakageFactor + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - + - - SampleInspectionInstrument + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - SampleInspectionInstrument + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + + + + LongRangeOrderParameter + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle + + + + + + + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + + + + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ModulusOfRigidity - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + + + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - + - + - - Radioactivity - Decays per unit time. - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + + MolarConductivity + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - - SampledDCPolarography - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - + - - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - PhaseCoefficient - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + HardwareManufacturer + + HardwareManufacturer - + - - RawSample + + HardwareModel - RawSample + HardwareModel - + + + + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + - - + + - - DissociationConstant - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + Tessellation + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - + - - Voltage - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + + + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - + + + + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + + + + + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark + + + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + - - + + - - - - ElectricPotential - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + + + + + + + + Boolean + A boolean number. + Boolean + A boolean number. - - - - Hazard - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - - - - - - AlgebricEquation - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + + + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - - - - - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - DropForging - DropForging + + + + Viscometry + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - + - - CountingUnit - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + UnitOne + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + Kerma + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - - - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + + + + + + + + AmountOfSubstance + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + + + + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - + - + - - - Coercivity - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + KinematicViscosity + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + + + + + + + + SemioticObject + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - + + - - - - - - + + - Component - A constituent of a system. - Component - A constituent of a system. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + + + MagneticVectorPotential + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - - - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - - - - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + + MassDefect + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - + - - + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + CelsiusTemperature + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + + + + BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - + - + - - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + Entropy + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - + + + + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - - - - - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - - - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - - + + + + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + - - + + - - - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + + ActivityDensity + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - - - - - SolidAngularMeasure - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - + - - - - - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + + + OsmoticPressure + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - + - CausalConvexSystem - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - MeasurementParameter - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - - - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + + ChargeNumber + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - + - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - + - + + - - + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - PressureCoefficient - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit + + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + + + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - + + + + DonorDensity + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. + + + + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - + + + + + PowerFactor + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + + + Grinding + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Schleifen + Grinding + + + - - LightScattering - - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - + - + - MultiplicationFactor - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + RelativePermeability + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - - - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - + - - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - - - ScanningKelvinProbe - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + + + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + + Curvature + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + + + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - - - - MutualInductance - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + SuperconductorEnergyGap + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - - Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. - Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. - The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. - The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. - The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + GapEnergy + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - - - PositionVector - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water @@ -18055,366 +18091,335 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + + + + + + + Permittivity + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + - - CurrentLinkage - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + + + + + + + RichardsonConstant + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - + - - SourceVoltage - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + + + + + + + PeltierCoefficient + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + + + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + Python + Python - - - - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - + + + + + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + - + - - Acceleration - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - - ComptonWavelength - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + TotalMassStoppingPower + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - + - - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - - AbsoluteHumidity - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - - - - - - - HartreeEnergy - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - - - - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + DropForging + DropForging - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - + - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + - Structural - Structural - - - - - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark - - - - - - - IonizationEnergy - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - + - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - MagneticQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - + - - - RelativeMassDefect - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + + + + MolarEntropy + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - + - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark @@ -18467,37 +18472,39 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + + Assemblying + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + + + + + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) @@ -18509,2100 +18516,1877 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in FermiTemperature https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - - - - - - - LinearExpansionCoefficient - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark - - - - - - - NuclearRadius - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - - ResourceIdentifier - - - - - - RadiusOfCurvature - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + + + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - BondedAtom - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + XrayDiffraction + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - + - - + + - - - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + + Minus + Minus - - - - Array - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - + - - - - CubicExpansionCoefficient - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + HoleDensity + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - - ActiveEnergy - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - + + + + + + + + + + + + Persistence + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) - - - - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - - - - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - - - - RelativePermeability - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - + - - GammaSpectrometry - - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + + + + + + + + + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandaloneAtom + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + + + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + + + + SpecificEnthalpy + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - - - - - PartialPressure - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + XrayPowderDiffraction + + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - RichardsonConstant - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - TotalMassStoppingPower - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - + - - - CyclotronAngularFrequency - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + TotalCurrent + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - + + + + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + + + + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + - - - - - - + - StructureFactor - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - + - - PhaseVelocity - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + + + RollingResistance + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - + - - + - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + + + + MagneticReluctance + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - + + + + + RestEnergy + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - - - - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - - - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - + - + - - - ExposureRate - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + FundamentalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - + - - - AmountFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 2 + + - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - - - Planing - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Hobeln - Planing - - - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 + + SolubilityProduct + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - + - - Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - - - - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - - - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + SlowingDownLength + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - + - - - - RelativeHumidity - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + + + + + IonicStrength + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - + - - - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + DynamicViscosity + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + + + + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + + + + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - + - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging + + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + + + + Painting + Painting - - - - Welding - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Schweißen - Welding + + + + GroupVelocity + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + - + - MassAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - + - - - MaterialSynthesis - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + Sawing + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - + - + - - PoyntingVector - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - + - - - PackingFraction - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + + + + + + Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - - - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + NeutronYieldPerFission + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - + - - PotentialEnergy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + + + + + ElectricChargeDensity + Electric charge per volume. + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - + - - - ShortRangeOrderParameter - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - + - + - - Magnetization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - - - - ElectronRadius - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + MagneticTension + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassUnit - MassUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - + + + + NominalProperty + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property + + + + + + ElectricReactance + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - - - - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + AlgebricExpression + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - + - - - - - - - - - BohrMagneton - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + + + VonKlitzingConstant + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - + + + + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + + + + + Soldering + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Löten + Soldering + + + + + + MechanicalEfficiency + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + + + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 + + + + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + + + + + + CyclotronAngularFrequency + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + + + + + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - + - + - RelativeMassDensity - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - - - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + ComplexPower + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + + + + + + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - ShearForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - Schubumformen - ShearForming + + + + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - + - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark - + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + - - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - + + + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + - - + - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + PoyntingVector + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering - + + + + Drilling + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Bohren + Drilling + + + - + - NonLeakageProbability - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + ReactorTimeConstant + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + MobilityRatio + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - - - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - + - - - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + ElectricPolarization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + - - - AngularWaveNumber - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + + + + + + SurfaceActivityDensity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - + - - NonActivePower - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - + - - ResonanceEnergy - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + Enthalpy + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - + - - - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + + SpecificInternalEnergy + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - + - + - ElectricFieldStrength - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - IsochoricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant volume. - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalModel + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - + - - - MeanEnergyImparted - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - - - OpenCircuitHold - - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + + + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - Potentiometry - - For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - + - - - RadiantEnergy - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + + + WaveVector + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - - - - - - - - IonNumberDensity - Number of ions per volume. - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - + + + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - + + + - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + MagneticMoment + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - + - - ElectricReactance - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + + + LatticePlaneSpacing + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - LatticeVector - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - + + + + + + + + + + SemioticEntity + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - - - - - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - - - - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - - - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - + + - - + + - - - LinearEnergyTransfer - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + + + + + + + + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - - - - - MobilityRatio - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - + - - - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - RybergConstant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + + + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + + + + + + / + + + + Division + Division - - - - Wavenumber - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + Positron + Positron - + - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + + + + MolarMass + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - - - Rolling - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Walzen - Rolling + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - MassDefect - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + DampingCoefficient + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + + + + + NumberOfEntities + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + + ShortRangeOrderParameter + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + Plus - + - - - FermiEnergy - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + CentreOfMass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - - Ellipsometry - - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + + + + Gluing + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Kleben + Gluing - + - - - - - - - - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - - BindingFraction - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - - - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - + - - XrayPowderDiffraction + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Synchrotron - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + Synchrotron - - + + - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 - - - - - - SolidAngle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - - + + - - LuminousIntensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - - - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - - - + + - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - MolecularPartitionFunction - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusionFactor - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - - - - MigrationArea - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - - - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem - - - - - - - CurieTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - - ElectronMass - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + - - Thickness - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + - Program - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - + + + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - + - + - - PlanckFunction - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + MeanMassRange + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + + + + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - PoissonNumber - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + RawSample + + RawSample - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + + + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - Susceptance - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - - - - - - - CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - - - - - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + + + ExchangeIntegral + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - + - + + - - - - - - - HallCoefficient - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - + - - DisplacementCurrentDensity - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + ActivePower + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - - - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + + + + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - + + - + - + - + @@ -20610,289 +20394,447 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - + + + + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle + + + - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + + + RybergConstant + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + + + + + + + + + + + Capacitance + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - + - + - - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + + MassFlow + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator - - - - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + + + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + + + + RelativePermittivity + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - - LatticePlaneSpacing - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - + - - - HalfValueThickness - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + MutualInductance + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - + - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - + + + + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Electrogravimetry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - - - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - + + + + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + - + - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + RelaxationTime + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - + - + + + + + + + - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + ThermalConductance + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - + - + - - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + + + + + + VolumeFraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + + + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + + + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + + + + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle - + + + + + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - - MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - + - - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - - - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark @@ -20907,1536 +20849,1608 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + Mobility + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + Weight + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + + + + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - - - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + - + - - - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - - - - - MeanDurationOfLife - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - + + + + Ruby + Ruby + + + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal + + + + + + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + + + + + + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - + - + - - AvogadroConstant - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + Coercivity + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. + + + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - + - - ConductometricTitration - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication - - - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - Real - A real number. - Real - A real number. + + + EnergyFluence + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - + - + - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + LogarithmicDecrement + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + + + MetrologicalUncertainty + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - - + + - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - + + - - - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - - - - - - - - - KermaRate - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - NumberOfEntities - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - Synchrotron - - Synchrotron + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - Minus + + + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - - + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - - LandeFactor - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - + - - - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - + + + + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Area + Extent of a surface. + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + + + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + + + + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - - PrincipalQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - - + + + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - + + + + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 + + + + + + TotalCurrentDensity + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + + + CyclicVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + Activity + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + - + + - MagneticTension - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - - - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ElectricFieldStrength + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - Nanoindentation - - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + KineticEnergy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - - - - + + + - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit - + + + + + + 1 + + + + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - - TotalIonization - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + - - - VacuumElectricPermittivity - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - - - Painting - Painting - - - - - - 3DPrinting - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - - - - - RotationalDisplacement - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - SparkErosion - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + + Porosimetry + + Porosimetry - + - - - - - - - + - ThermalConductance - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + MassFractionOfDryMatter + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - C - C + + + + IsochoricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant volume. + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - - - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - + - + + - - - - - - + + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AtomicMass - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + + + + + + + DeepDrawing + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - Milling - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Fräsen - Milling + + + + + MigrationArea + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - Filling - Filling + + + + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + + + LevelWidth + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - + - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - - - - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter + + + - - - - - - - - - CelsiusTemperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + LarmonFrequency + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + + Person + Person + + + + + + + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + + + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division + + + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - + - + - - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + + ParticleCurrentDensity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + + + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - + + - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - - - ElectricImpedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - - - - - - - LossFactor - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. - - - - - - InternalEnergy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - - - - - QualityFactor - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - TensileTesting - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - - - MassSpectrometry - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + NonActivePower + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + + + OxidationNumber + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalInsulance - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + + + + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + + + + Signal + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - KineticEnergy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - + - + + - - - - - - + + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - + - - - - - - - - - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - + - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - - - - - - - - - AreaDensity - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + + + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - + - + + + PoissonNumber + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + - - - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + TotalIonization + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - + - - - - - - - - Stress - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + + ApparentPower + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - + - - - HoleDensity - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark - - - - - - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + AngularMeasure + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - + - - - ElectricSusceptibility - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + RadiantEnergy + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - + - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + MassUnit + MassUnit - + + + + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + - + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + PhaseCoefficient + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant - + - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - ShearOrTorsionTesting + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - + - + - Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing + + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance + + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - + + + Porosity + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + + + + - - + + ∇ - - - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + Gradient + Gradient - - - - - PhaseAngle - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? - + - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - + + + DoseEquivalentRate + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics @@ -22451,2060 +22465,1976 @@ International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - Thermogravimetry - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - - - - Spin - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 + + + + + + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + + - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - - LorenzCoefficient - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - - - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - + + + + RamanSpectroscopy + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - - - - - - - - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + + + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + + BraggAngle + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - - XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - QualityFactor - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - + - - VoltagePhasor - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + RotationalFrequency + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - TotalAngularMomentum - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - + - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice + + + - - + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + + + + NuclearMagneton + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - + - - - ThermoelectricVoltage - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + - - + - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + + + + DecayConstant + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + SpecificGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - - - - - - - Luminance - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + + + + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - - DragForce - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit - - - - - - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + - - - IsentropicExponent - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 - + + + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - - - - - - - - EnergyFluenceRate - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - - Assigned - Assigned + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - + - - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - - - - - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - + - - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 + + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - - - Soldering - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Löten - Soldering + + + + CurrentLinkage + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - - Java - Java + + + + LinkedFlux + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark - - - - - - - RelativeMassExcess - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + + + + + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark + + + - - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + XrdGrazingIncidence - + - - - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + DisplacementCurrentDensity + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + Cementing + Cementing - - - - - LongRangeOrderParameter - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - + - - Enthalpy - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - Nexafs - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + + + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. - - - - - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + + + + + + + ExposureRate + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - + + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - + - - - CoherenceLength - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + DewPointTemperature + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + + + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - + + + + Letter + Letter + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit + + + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + + + + = + + + + + Equals + The equals symbol. + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - FibDic - - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - - - - FlexuralForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + + SampledDCPolarography + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - DippingForms - DippingForms - - - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - + - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + CausalConvexSystem + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - + - + + - - + + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ChemicalPotential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - KinematicViscosity - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + + + + DiffusionLength + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - + - - - ExchangeIntegral - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + ElectricSusceptibility + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerUnit - PowerUnit + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + + + + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + + MolarGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - + - - Folding - Folding + + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN + + + - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - + + + + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - Command - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - ActivePower - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + + + + CharacterisationComponent + + CharacterisationComponent - + + + + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + - - LeakageFactor - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - + - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + + + + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + + SlowingDownArea + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - + + + + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - + + + - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + * - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - + - - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + + + + + PhaseVelocity + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coded + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - + - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + + + + + + + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + + + + + + + + + + + MassieuFunction + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + + + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - + + - - + + + 1 - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + + + + 2 + + + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + + + + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - + + + + + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + + + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + + + - + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - EnergyDensityOfStates - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - + + + + Numeral + Numeral + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark + + + - - Work - Product of force and displacement. - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + VacuumElectricPermittivity + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + + + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing - - - - - Bending - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling - - - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - + + - - + + - - AngularVelocity - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - - - - - - - - - + + + 1 - - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - - - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - - - - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - - - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion - - - - - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - - - - - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + Real + A real number. + Real + A real number. - + - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - - - Presses - Presses + + + + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + + + + + + + + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - + - + - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + RelativeMassDefect + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - + - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + Attenuation + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + + + + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit - - - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - + - + + - - ModulusOfCompression - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + Momentum + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - + + + + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + + Assigned + Assigned + + + - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - - - IntermediateSample - - IntermediateSample + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + + + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - NuclearMagneticResonance - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms - + - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - Semiotics - Semiotics + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion + + + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark + + + + + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing + + + + + + + IsentropicExponent + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - + - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + Milling + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Fräsen + Milling - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - - - - - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - - - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - + - + - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + GasMixture + GasMixture - + - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - + - + - - MassFlow - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - LinearIonization - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + SlowingDownDensity + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - + - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + + + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - + - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark - - - - - - DampingCoefficient - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - - - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - - + + + + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + + + + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + Strain + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + + + PotentialEnergy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - + + + + Java + Java + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark + + + + + + Filling + Filling + + + + + + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + ActiveEnergy + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - - - - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + + DebyeAngularFrequency + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural @@ -24520,143 +24450,165 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - ICI - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - - - - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + + + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + + + MaximumEfficiency + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - + - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + GluonType8 + GluonType8 - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectronType + ElectronType - + - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - + - - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + SampleInspectionInstrument - - + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + Δ - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + + Laplacian + Laplacian - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - - - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + + + + Presses + Presses @@ -24672,98 +24624,44 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - + - - Irradiate - Irradiate + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + Flanging + Flanging - + - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - - Letter - Letter + + + + Foaming + Foaming - + - - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. @@ -24775,15 +24673,6 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti Gerhard Goldbeck - - - - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - - @@ -24802,6 +24691,15 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti Daniele Toti + + + + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + + @@ -24823,6 +24721,18 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + + + + + + + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + @@ -24835,6 +24745,56 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + + + + + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + + + + + + + + + + + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + + + + + + + + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + + + + + + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + @@ -24860,53 +24820,64 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - + + - - - - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore - + + - - - - - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + + + + hasSpatioTemporalTile + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - + + - - + + + - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - + + - - - - - - - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + + + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. @@ -24941,55 +24912,30 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasMetrologicalReference - - - - - - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - + - + - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - - - - hasNumericalPart - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - + - - - - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasSpatialDirectPart - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). @@ -24998,62 +24944,26 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - - - - - - - - - - hasSpatioTemporalTile - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - + + - - - - - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + + + + + hasNumericalPart + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart - - @@ -25066,6 +24976,8 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + @@ -25078,30 +24990,16 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - - - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - + - - - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. @@ -25121,19 +25019,19 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - 4 + 1 - 3 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 @@ -25141,11 +25039,11 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - 1 + 4 - 1 + 3 @@ -25157,191 +25055,16 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - - - - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - - - - - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - - - - - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - - - - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - - - - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - - - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - - - - DIN 55405:2014-12 - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - - - - - - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - + @@ -25370,18 +25093,88 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + + + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + + + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + + + + + + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + + + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + + + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + + + + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + + + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + + + + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). @@ -25413,199 +25206,129 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - - - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + + + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Verfestigen durch Umformen - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - DIN 8587:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + ISO 14034:2016-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - - - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - - - - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - + - - + + + @@ -25614,222 +25337,188 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet - + - + - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - Object that is processed with a machine + + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - - EN 16603-11:2019-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - - - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - - ISO 14034:2016-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - - - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] + + + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + ISO 13574:2015-02 + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - - - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + - - - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] @@ -25872,54 +25561,103 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + + + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + + + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + + + + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + + + + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry @@ -25948,150 +25686,283 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + + + + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + + + + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + + + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + + + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + + + + + + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + + + + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - + - - + + + 2 - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + + + + + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + - - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + Object that is processed with a machine + + + + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. @@ -26103,188 +25974,289 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + + + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + + + + + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - - - - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + DIN 55405:2014-12 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Implementation of equality based on mereology. + - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components + + + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. @@ -26296,57 +26268,56 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). @@ -26377,11 +26348,27 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). @@ -26391,109 +26378,35 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - - - - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - - - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - - - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - - - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - - - - - - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - - - - ISO 4885:2018-02 - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - + - - + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -26501,314 +26414,299 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - + + - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + + + + ISO 4885:2018-02 + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + + + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Verfestigen durch Umformen + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - - - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + DIN 8587:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - - ISO 13574:2015-02 - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 56daf50..051c1bb 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -890,12 +890,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_18d180e4_5e3e_42f7_820c_e08951223486 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A real number."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onDataRange xsd:double ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; @@ -8152,12 +8152,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_f87e79eb_f549_4a06_9c27_a3d1412444c6 a owl:Class ; "This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ) ] ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ], ns1:EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20 ; skos:prefLabel "Hyperon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark."@en ; @@ -8524,7 +8524,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d a owl:Class ; email: gerhard@goldbeck-consulting.com"""@en ; owl:backwardCompatibleWith ""^^xsd:string ; owl:priorVersion "1.0.0-beta4"^^xsd:string ; - owl:versionIRI ; + owl:versionIRI ; owl:versionInfo "1.0.0-beta5"^^xsd:string ; skos:hiddenLabel "CHAMEO"^^xsd:string ; foaf:homepage ; @@ -8864,40 +8864,34 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en, - "The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en, - "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coulometry ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur."@en . :DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en, - "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en, - "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en, + "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Coulometry ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer."@en, + "In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :DirectCurrentInternalResistance a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DirectCurrentInternalResistance"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:prefLabel "DirectCurrentInternalResistance"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current."@en . :DynamicLightScattering a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DynamicLightScattering"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; skos:altLabel "DLS"^^xsd:string ; @@ -8906,8 +8900,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:altLabel "DMA"^^xsd:string ; @@ -8916,33 +8909,27 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency."@en, - "The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en, - "electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Impedimetry ; skos:altLabel "EIS"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en, - "The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Electrogravimetry ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :ElectronBackscatterDiffraction a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :ScanningElectronMicroscopy, :ScatteringAndDiffraction ; @@ -8952,8 +8939,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :ElectronProbeMicroanalysis a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; skos:prefLabel "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis"@en ; @@ -8961,27 +8947,15 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; :Ellipsometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Ellipsometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "Ellipsometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition."@en . :EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample."@en ; + rdfs:comment "An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:altLabel "EDS"@en, @@ -8993,8 +8967,7 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi :EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; + rdfs:comment "The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; skos:prefLabel "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; @@ -9002,19 +8975,15 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi :Exafs a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Exafs"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:prefLabel "Exafs"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids."@en . :FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; skos:altLabel "FE-SEM"^^xsd:string ; @@ -9023,8 +8992,7 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a :FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:altLabel "FTIR"@en ; @@ -9035,17 +9003,15 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a :Fractography a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Fractography"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "Fractography"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog."@en . :FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; + rdfs:comment "The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; skos:prefLabel "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry"@en ; @@ -9053,58 +9019,48 @@ When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an a :GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:altLabel "GITT"@en ; skos:prefLabel "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response."@en . :GammaSpectrometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; skos:prefLabel "GammaSpectrometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample."@en . :Grinding a owl:Class ; - rdfs:comment "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:label "Grinding"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."^^xsd:string . + skos:prefLabel "Grinding"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines."@en . :HPPC a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HPPC"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:altLabel "HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation"@en, "HybridPulsePowerCharacterization"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HPPC"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load."@en . :ICI a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ICI"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:altLabel "IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ICI"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current."@en . :IntermediateSample a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntermediateSample"@en ; @@ -9115,8 +9071,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity :IonChromatography a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IonChromatography"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chromatography ; skos:prefLabel "IonChromatography"@en ; @@ -9125,8 +9080,7 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity :IonMobilitySpectrometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IonMobilitySpectrometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; skos:altLabel "IMS"^^xsd:string ; @@ -9135,22 +9089,16 @@ A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity :IsothermalMicrocalorimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermochemicalTesting ; skos:altLabel "IMC"^^xsd:string ; skos:prefLabel "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced."@en . :LightScattering a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LightScattering"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :OpticalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "LightScattering"@en ; @@ -9158,11 +9106,7 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti :LinearScanVoltammetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry."@en, - "The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation."@en, - "The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en, - "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; skos:altLabel "LSV"@en, @@ -9170,14 +9114,13 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti "LinearSweepVoltammetry"@en ; skos:prefLabel "LinearScanVoltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :MassSpectrometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MassSpectrometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectrometry ; skos:prefLabel "MassSpectrometry"@en ; @@ -9185,39 +9128,19 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti :MeasurementSystemAdjustment a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasurementSystemAdjustment"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en, - """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated."^^xsd:string, + "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en, + "From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementSystemAdjustment"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 "From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process."@en ; ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "Adjustment"@en . :MembraneOsmometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MembraneOsmometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."^^xsd:string, "In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Osmometry ; @@ -9226,22 +9149,24 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :MercuryPorosimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MercuryPorosimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion."^^xsd:string, + "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porosimetry ; skos:prefLabel "MercuryPorosimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion."@en . :Milling a owl:Class ; - rdfs:comment "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:label "Milling"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."^^xsd:string . + skos:prefLabel "Milling"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece."@en . :Mounting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mounting"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "The sample is mounted on a holder."^^xsd:string, "The sample is mounted on a holder."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; @@ -9253,8 +9178,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:altLabel "NSE"^^xsd:string ; @@ -9263,8 +9187,7 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :Nexafs a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nexafs"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:prefLabel "Nexafs"@en ; @@ -9272,24 +9195,17 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :NormalPulseVoltammetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV."@en, - "Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained."@en, - "The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse."@en, - "The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered."@en, - "The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en, - "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; skos:altLabel "NPV"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NormalPulseVoltammetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :NuclearMagneticResonance a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NuclearMagneticResonance"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Spectroscopy ; skos:altLabel "Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)"^^xsd:string, @@ -9299,42 +9215,40 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :OpenCircuitHold a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Potentiometry ; skos:altLabel "OCVHold"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OpenCircuitHold"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions)."@en . :OpticalMicroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; skos:prefLabel "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light."@en . :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; skos:prefLabel "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en . :Polishing a owl:Class ; - rdfs:comment "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:label "Polishing"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :SamplePreparation ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."^^xsd:string . + skos:prefLabel "Polishing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel."@en . :PreparedSample a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PreparedSample"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The sample after a preparation process."@en ; + rdfs:comment "The sample after a preparation process."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Sample ; owl:disjointWith :ReferenceSample ; @@ -9343,15 +9257,12 @@ The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in :PrimaryData a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PrimaryData"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationData ; skos:prefLabel "PrimaryData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Baseline subtraction"@en, - "Noise reduction"@en, - "X and Y axes correction"@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction."@en . :Profilometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Profilometry"@en ; @@ -9605,6 +9516,11 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; skos:prefLabel "hasAccessConditions"@en . +:hasBPMNDiagram a owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :BPMNDiagram ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 . + :hasBeginCharacterisationTask a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasBeginCharacterisationTask"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -10020,6 +9936,17 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation skos:prefLabel "hasUniqueID"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware"^^xsd:string . +:rationaleHasCharacterisationProcedure a owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain :Rationale ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationProcedure ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty . + +:rationaleHasUserCase a owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain :Rationale ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :UserCase . + :requiresLevelOfExpertise a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -10028,17 +9955,6 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_e1097637_70d2_4895_973f_2396f04fa204 ; skos:prefLabel "requiresLevelOfExpertise"@en . -:userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure a owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:label "userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - rdfs:comment "Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure"@en ; - rdfs:domain :UserCase ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:range :CharacterisationProcedure ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; - skos:altLabel "userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure"@en . - a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "hasDateOfCalibration"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -10758,16 +10674,6 @@ ns1:EMMO_399426d1_c4cc_414c_806f_47096c72d634 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8de5d5bf_db1c_40ac_b698_095ba3b18578 "5-3.1"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Relative change of length per change of temperature."@en . -ns1:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 a owl:ObjectProperty ; - rdfs:label "hasIcon"@en ; - rdfs:comment "A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process."@en ; - rdfs:domain ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:range ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ; - skos:prefLabel "hasIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process."@en . - ns1:EMMO_3b931698_937e_49be_ab1b_36fa52d91181 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MagneticFlux"@en ; rdfs:comment "Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field."@en ; @@ -11639,11 +11545,11 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "Coded"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author."@en, @@ -11933,9 +11839,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_8dbaf3ca_8f0d_4c45_92e1_c6d805b83c87 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FundamentalFermion"@en ; rdfs:comment "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ), - ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ) ; skos:prefLabel "FundamentalFermion"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion"@en . @@ -12111,7 +12017,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bbab0be_f9cc_4f46_9f46_0fd271911b79 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9c407ac0_fd4c_4178_8763_95fad9fe29ec a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; skos:prefLabel "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)."^^xsd:string . @@ -12380,7 +12286,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en ; @@ -12423,7 +12329,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c, ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; @@ -12898,13 +12804,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; skos:prefLabel "Neutron"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron"^^xsd:string . @@ -13231,12 +13137,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; @@ -13389,6 +13295,12 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . +:BPMNDiagram a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "BPMNDiagram"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + skos:prefLabel "BPMNDiagram"^^xsd:string . + :CalibrationData a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CalibrationData"@en ; rdfs:comment "Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen."@en ; @@ -13471,7 +13383,8 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:prefLabel "CyclicChronopotentiometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal."@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal."@en, + "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . :DCPolarography a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DCPolarography"@en ; @@ -13531,8 +13444,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis"@en ; @@ -13540,8 +13452,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :FatigueTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FatigueTesting"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "FatigueTesting"@en ; @@ -13549,8 +13460,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :FibDic a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FibDic"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; + rdfs:comment "The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; skos:altLabel "FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis"^^xsd:string ; @@ -13559,8 +13469,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :GasAdsorptionPorosimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "GasAdsorptionPorosimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Porosimetry ; skos:altLabel "GasAdsorptionPorosimetry"^^xsd:string ; @@ -13569,8 +13478,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :HardnessTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HardnessTesting"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; + rdfs:comment "A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "HardnessTesting"@en ; @@ -13578,8 +13486,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :Hazard a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Hazard"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; skos:prefLabel "Hazard"@en ; @@ -13587,42 +13494,35 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :HydrodynamicVoltammetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied."@en, - "Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves."@en, - "The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en, - "voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; skos:prefLabel "HydrodynamicVoltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration)."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :Impedimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Impedimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "Impedimetry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :InteractionVolume a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "InteractionVolume"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en, + rdfs:comment "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."^^xsd:string, + "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en, "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 ; skos:prefLabel "InteractionVolume"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information)."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc."@en, - "In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …)."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem."@en, - "It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...)."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal."@en . :Laboratory a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Laboratory"^^xsd:string ; @@ -13633,8 +13533,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :LevelOfAutomation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the level of automation of the test."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfAutomation"@en ; @@ -13642,8 +13541,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :LevelOfExpertise a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_909415d1_7c43_4d5e_bbeb_7e1910159f66 ; skos:prefLabel "LevelOfExpertise"@en ; @@ -13651,25 +13549,25 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :LinearChronopotentiometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Chronopotentiometry ; skos:prefLabel "LinearChronopotentiometry"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly."@en, + "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . :MeasurementTime a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasurementTime"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en ; + rdfs:comment "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data."^^xsd:string, + "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementTime"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data."@en . :Nanoindentation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Nanoindentation"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter."^^xsd:string, "Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :MechanicalTesting ; @@ -13679,8 +13577,7 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :Operator a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Operator"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; + rdfs:comment "The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( foaf:Person ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ) ] ; @@ -13689,8 +13586,8 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :PhysicsOfInteraction a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PhysicsOfInteraction"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe."@en, + "Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_27c5d8c6_8af7_4d63_beb1_ec37cd8b3fa3 ns1:EMMO_8d2d9374_ef3a_47e6_8595_6bc208e07519 ) ] ; @@ -13700,8 +13597,8 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; :PostProcessingModel a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PostProcessingModel"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Mathematical model used to process data."@en, + rdfs:comment "Mathematical model used to process data."@en, + "Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en, "The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7ed665b_c2e1_42bc_889b_6b42ed3a36f0 ; @@ -13717,14 +13614,6 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "ProcessingReproducibility"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert)"@en . -:Rationale a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "Rationale"@en ; - rdfs:comment "A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 ; - skos:prefLabel "Rationale"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief"^^xsd:string . - :RawData a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "RawData"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, @@ -14088,7 +13977,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_17b031fb_4695_49b6_bb69_189ec63df3ee a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observed"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observed"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person met by the author."@en . @@ -14156,7 +14045,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en, """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1, ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ; @@ -14259,10 +14148,10 @@ An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a cha rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_50967f46_51f9_462a_b1e4_e63365b4a184 ns1:EMMO_e024544d_e374_45b7_9340_1982040bc6b7 ) ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -14300,6 +14189,16 @@ ns1:EMMO_387b0334_aff8_4b3f_9062_8ad051f72e91 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "RedBottomQuark"@en . +ns1:EMMO_39c3815d_8cae_4c8f_b2ff_eeba24bec455 a owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:label "hasIcon"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process."@en ; + rdfs:domain ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:range ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_60577dea_9019_4537_ac41_80b0fb563d41 ; + skos:prefLabel "hasIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process."@en . + ns1:EMMO_3a948fa6_033a_4bb2_a319_36a45741d832 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Tau"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons."@en ; @@ -14599,7 +14498,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string . @@ -14694,7 +14593,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14729,7 +14628,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DerivedQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "derived quantity"@en . @@ -14891,7 +14790,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MathematicalFormula"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en, "The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0, ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en ; @@ -14932,7 +14831,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ExactConstant"@en ; rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en . @@ -15057,7 +14956,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bb271f2_80a1_481a_ba78_368c4dccc235 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -15269,7 +15168,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -15335,7 +15234,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a a owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. @@ -15676,7 +15575,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -15780,20 +15679,19 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b a owl:AsymmetricProperty, :Electrogravimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Electrogravimetry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "Electrogravimetry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en, + "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry"@en . :Holder a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Holder"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; + rdfs:comment "An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationHardware ; skos:prefLabel "Holder"@en ; @@ -15801,12 +15699,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b a owl:AsymmetricProperty, :MeasurementParameter a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasurementParameter"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal."^^xsd:string, + "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d1d436e7_72fc_49cd_863b_7bfb4ba5276a ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementParameter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal."@en . :Porosimetry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Porosimetry"@en ; @@ -15817,16 +15715,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b a owl:AsymmetricProperty, :Potentiometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Potentiometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode."@en, - "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential."@en, - "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :ElectrochemicalTesting ; skos:prefLabel "Potentiometry"@en ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_50c298c2_55a2_4068_b3ac_4e948c33181f "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . :ReferenceSample a owl:Class ; @@ -16064,7 +15959,7 @@ A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative proper ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606, ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; @@ -16196,7 +16091,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The beauty of that girl. @@ -16253,7 +16148,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Description"@en ; rdfs:comment "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en, "A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Description"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A biography."@en, @@ -16280,10 +16175,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_39a4e2a4_d835_426d_b497_182d06e1caff a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ] ; @@ -16359,10 +16254,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_47bf3513_4ae6_4858_9c45_76e23230d68d a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 ] ; @@ -16509,7 +16404,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_79751276_b2d0_4e2f_bbd4_99d412f43d55 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; skos:prefLabel "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; @@ -16531,13 +16426,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ] ; skos:altLabel "IconSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Cognition"@en . @@ -16672,7 +16567,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BaseQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment """"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; @@ -16730,7 +16625,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en, "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -16816,7 +16711,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -16902,19 +16797,17 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8b20fd2_08b9_4368_b786_156e11d1cec8 a owl:Class ; :MeasurementDataPostProcessing a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."^^xsd:string, "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :DataPostProcessing ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementDataPostProcessing"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.)"@en, - "In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals."@en . :Osmometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Osmometry"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; + rdfs:comment "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; skos:prefLabel "Osmometry"@en ; @@ -16934,6 +16827,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8b20fd2_08b9_4368_b786_156e11d1cec8 a owl:Class ; "In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence)."@en, "In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry"@en . +:Rationale a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "Rationale"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 ; + skos:prefLabel "Rationale"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief"^^xsd:string . + :SampleExtraction a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SampleExtraction"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, @@ -17022,7 +16923,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; @@ -17145,7 +17046,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 a owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -17176,7 +17077,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; @@ -17195,7 +17096,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -17210,7 +17111,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en, "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -17412,7 +17313,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -17497,7 +17398,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c a owl:DatatypeProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ], @@ -17559,7 +17460,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_d5f3e0e5_fc7d_4e64_86ad_555e74aaff84 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -17686,12 +17587,12 @@ standards. "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onClass :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en ; ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions @@ -17791,7 +17692,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296 ] ; @@ -17804,7 +17705,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en, """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ) ] ; @@ -17854,13 +17755,13 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en . ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Determination"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "Characterisation"@en ; @@ -18084,7 +17985,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en, "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ], @@ -18183,7 +18084,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en, "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; @@ -18219,7 +18120,7 @@ f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en, "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4 ], @@ -18260,7 +18161,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en, "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], @@ -18326,17 +18227,17 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution."@en, "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en, "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en, "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en, - "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en, - "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en ; + "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :Voltammetry ; skos:altLabel "PSA"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution."@en, + "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . :Spectrometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Spectrometry"@en ; @@ -18388,7 +18289,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 a owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -18405,7 +18306,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en, "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644, ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; @@ -18559,7 +18460,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An icon that focusing WHAT the object does."@en, "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en, "This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "FunctionalIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics)."@en, @@ -18569,7 +18470,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -18595,9 +18496,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CausalSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en, "A non-path causal structure"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ), - ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ) ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ) ; skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A non-path causal structure"@en ; @@ -18707,7 +18608,7 @@ A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en, "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:95 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:107 ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. @@ -18724,7 +18625,7 @@ Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantu Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions."""@en, "The class of entities without proper parts."@en, "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. @@ -18741,7 +18642,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en, "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en, "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en, "Work"@en ; @@ -18758,7 +18659,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en, """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -18769,7 +18670,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en, "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817 ] ; @@ -18886,9 +18787,6 @@ system specifications. "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ], [ a owl:Restriction ; @@ -18900,6 +18798,9 @@ system specifications. [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ], ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb, :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; @@ -18928,21 +18829,21 @@ ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 a owl:Class ; "The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ; - owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; + owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ] ], + rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ; + owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ] ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7afbed84_7593_4a23_bd88_9d9c6b04e8f6 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ] ] ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ns1:EMMO_5e00b1db_48fc_445b_82e8_ab0e2255bf52 ) ; skos:altLabel "CausalChain"@en, "Elementary"@en ; @@ -18969,7 +18870,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; @@ -18989,7 +18890,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasuredConstant"@en ; rdfs:comment "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en . @@ -19033,7 +18934,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; @@ -19095,7 +18996,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da a owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en, "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19164,13 +19065,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e a owl:Class ; :ElectrochemicalTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ElectrochemicalTesting"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en ; + rdfs:comment "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en, + "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChargeDistribution ; skos:prefLabel "ElectrochemicalTesting"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity"@en . + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity."@en . ns1:EMMO_2ce04004_62cf_4394_b6a2_b45fce1aebfe a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ISO80000Categorised"@en ; @@ -19186,7 +19087,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 a owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c16bb7f_5400_4498_8ef2_54392908da4e ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ) ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -19265,29 +19166,6 @@ b) y and x non-overlapping"""@en ; """The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity."""@en . -ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "Icon"@en ; - rdfs:comment "A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en, - """If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en, - """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia]"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 ] ; - owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ) ] ; - skos:altLabel "Model"@en, - "Simulacrum"@en ; - skos:prefLabel "Icon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person."@en, - "An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."@en . - ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Item"@en ; rdfs:comment """A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. @@ -19367,8 +19245,8 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en, "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:113, - _:114 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:94, + _:95 ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -19417,6 +19295,29 @@ ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The outcome of a process."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed."@en . +ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "Icon"@en ; + rdfs:comment "A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en, + """If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en, + """In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia]"""@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 ] ; + owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ) ] ; + skos:altLabel "Model"@en, + "Simulacrum"@en ; + skos:prefLabel "Icon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person."@en, + "An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity."@en . + ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasSpatialSlice"@en ; rdfs:comment "A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole."@en, @@ -19449,7 +19350,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Property"@en ; rdfs:comment "A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction."@en, "A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ] ; @@ -19500,16 +19401,11 @@ Data sampling"""@en ; :MechanicalTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MechanicalTesting"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en ; + rdfs:comment "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; skos:prefLabel "MechanicalTesting"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing"^^xsd:string . :Voltammetry a owl:Class ; @@ -19576,7 +19472,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions."^^xsd:string, "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -19588,7 +19484,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en, "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -19606,7 +19502,7 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe :Microscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Microscopy"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."^^xsd:string, "Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf :CharacterisationTechnique ; @@ -19694,7 +19590,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce a owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en, "Perdurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en ; @@ -19713,8 +19609,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f a owl:AnnotationProperty ; :CharacterisationTechnique a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationTechnique"@en ; - rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, - "A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps."^^xsd:string, + rdfs:comment "A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps."^^xsd:string, "The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing)."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; @@ -19960,6 +19855,18 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . + [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -19980,74 +19887,54 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units rdf:rest () ] ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:107 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; - owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:113 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20056,47 +19943,41 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:94 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20105,58 +19986,53 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20165,10 +20041,23 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20178,112 +20067,138 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20292,17 +20207,16 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20312,76 +20226,101 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20390,17 +20329,30 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20417,154 +20369,116 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget _:95 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; @@ -20572,12 +20486,6 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; @@ -20594,64 +20502,49 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:114 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20674,29 +20567,28 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20705,16 +20597,23 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20723,29 +20622,17 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 ; owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eff42cb3_208e_4768_9a39_f8b6b3c3d7a2 ; @@ -20753,16 +20640,16 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)"^^xsd:anyURI . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20770,24 +20657,18 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Fom Latin variabilis (\"changeable\")."@en . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)"^^xsd:anyURI . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)."^^xsd:string . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; @@ -20795,11 +20676,16 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20808,10 +20694,11 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20824,78 +20711,54 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20904,10 +20767,10 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20915,17 +20778,11 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20939,51 +20796,51 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; @@ -20991,33 +20848,36 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb ; owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en . -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Procedure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Procedure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; @@ -21025,6 +20885,12 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; @@ -21038,16 +20904,16 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21057,15 +20923,15 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @@ -21081,36 +20947,65 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . + owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . + +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -21123,37 +21018,31 @@ A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . - [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Boson"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21167,6 +21056,12 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; @@ -21176,36 +21071,17 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Boson"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21213,42 +21089,61 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d ; owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:95 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . - -_:140 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . +_:153 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . -_:113 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; - owl:onProperty _:140 . +_:107 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . -_:114 a owl:Restriction ; +_:94 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . _:95 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . + owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; + owl:onProperty _:153 . diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js index f8cd3c9..38ba71f 100644 --- a/searchindex.js +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -Search.setIndex({"alltitles": {"ACVoltammetry": [[0, "acvoltammetry"]], "AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "abrasivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AccessConditions": [[0, "accessconditions"]], "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "adsorptivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AlphaSpectrometry": [[0, "alphaspectrometry"]], 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