diff --git a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree index 9fcf7ff..53b62d8 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree and b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree differ diff --git a/.doctrees/environment.pickle b/.doctrees/environment.pickle index 2c3dd05..3f14d08 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/environment.pickle and b/.doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt index c0ce14a..54cce93 100644 --- a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt @@ -33,6 +33,18 @@ ACVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + + + Comment + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + + Comment + + Elucidation voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp @@ -49,18 +61,6 @@ ACVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - - - Comment - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 @@ -97,20 +97,20 @@ AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Comment - + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Label @@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ AccessConditions Annotations + + Comment + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + Elucidation Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment @@ -151,10 +155,6 @@ AccessConditions Preflabel AccessConditions - - Comment - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - Example In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? @@ -190,6 +190,14 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). @@ -206,14 +214,6 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Label AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ AlphaSpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + Elucidation Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. @@ -253,10 +257,6 @@ AlphaSpectrometry Preflabel AlphaSpectrometry - - Comment - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - Label AlphaSpectrometry @@ -288,6 +288,14 @@ Amperometry Annotations + + Comment + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + + + Comment + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Elucidation The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. @@ -300,14 +308,6 @@ Amperometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - - - Comment - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Label Amperometry @@ -339,6 +339,10 @@ AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + Elucidation Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. @@ -347,10 +351,6 @@ AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Preflabel AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - - Comment - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - Label AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy @@ -382,6 +382,10 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. @@ -394,10 +398,6 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 @@ -433,6 +433,10 @@ AtomProbeTomography Annotations + + Comment + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Elucidation Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. @@ -449,10 +453,6 @@ AtomProbeTomography Altlabel APT - - Comment - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -484,6 +484,10 @@ AtomicForceMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + Elucidation Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. @@ -492,10 +496,6 @@ AtomicForceMicroscopy Preflabel AtomicForceMicroscopy - - Comment - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - Label AtomicForceMicroscopy @@ -562,6 +562,10 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Annotations + + Comment + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Elucidation A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface @@ -574,10 +578,6 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Altlabel BET - - Comment - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 @@ -617,6 +617,10 @@ CalibrationData Annotations + + Comment + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Elucidation Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. @@ -625,10 +629,6 @@ CalibrationData Preflabel CalibrationData - - Comment - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - Label CalibrationData @@ -660,6 +660,10 @@ CalibrationDataPostProcessing Annotations + + Comment + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Elucidation Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. @@ -668,10 +672,6 @@ CalibrationDataPostProcessing Preflabel CalibrationDataPostProcessing - - Comment - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - Label CalibrationDataPostProcessing @@ -703,14 +703,6 @@ CalibrationProcess Annotations - - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - - - Preflabel - CalibrationProcess - Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. @@ -727,6 +719,14 @@ CalibrationProcess Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + + + Preflabel + CalibrationProcess + Definition Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -774,6 +774,10 @@ CalibrationTask Annotations + + Comment + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + Elucidation Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -782,10 +786,6 @@ CalibrationTask Preflabel CalibrationTask - - Comment - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - Label CalibrationTask @@ -821,6 +821,10 @@ Calorimetry Annotations + + Comment + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Elucidation In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. @@ -829,10 +833,6 @@ Calorimetry Preflabel Calorimetry - - Comment - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Label Calorimetry @@ -864,6 +864,10 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. @@ -880,10 +884,6 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 @@ -919,14 +919,14 @@ CharacterisationComponent Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationComponent - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationComponent + Label CharacterisationComponent @@ -958,6 +958,10 @@ CharacterisationData Annotations + + Comment + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + Elucidation Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process @@ -966,10 +970,6 @@ CharacterisationData Preflabel CharacterisationData - - Comment - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - Label CharacterisationData @@ -1001,6 +1001,10 @@ CharacterisationDataValidation Annotations + + Comment + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + Elucidation Procedure to validate the characterisation data. @@ -1009,10 +1013,6 @@ CharacterisationDataValidation Preflabel CharacterisationDataValidation - - Comment - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - Label CharacterisationDataValidation @@ -1044,14 +1044,6 @@ CharacterisationEnvironment Annotations - - Elucidation - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment - Comment Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. @@ -1064,6 +1056,14 @@ CharacterisationEnvironment Comment Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + Elucidation + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment + Label CharacterisationEnvironment @@ -1103,14 +1103,14 @@ CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + Label CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -1143,21 +1143,21 @@ CharacterisationExperiment Annotations - Elucidation + Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment - Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - Comment + Elucidation A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment + Label CharacterisationExperiment @@ -1189,6 +1189,10 @@ CharacterisationHardware Annotations + + Comment + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + Elucidation Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. @@ -1197,10 +1201,6 @@ CharacterisationHardware Preflabel CharacterisationHardware - - Comment - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - Label CharacterisationHardware @@ -1232,14 +1232,14 @@ CharacterisationHardwareSpecification Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + Label CharacterisationHardwareSpecification @@ -1271,14 +1271,6 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations - - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Comment Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1287,6 +1279,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Definition Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1346,14 +1346,6 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Annotations - - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Comment Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1362,6 +1354,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Comment The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Definition Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1425,6 +1425,10 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementTask Annotations + + Comment + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + Elucidation Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -1433,10 +1437,6 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementTask Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementTask - - Comment - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - Label CharacterisationMeasurementTask @@ -1472,14 +1472,6 @@ CharacterisationProcedure Annotations - - Elucidation - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure - Comment Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. @@ -1492,6 +1484,14 @@ CharacterisationProcedure Comment The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + Elucidation + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure + Example Sample preparation
Sample inspection
Calibration
Microscopy
Viscometry
Data sampling @@ -1527,6 +1527,10 @@ CharacterisationProcedureValidation Annotations + + Comment + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + Elucidation Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. @@ -1535,10 +1539,6 @@ CharacterisationProcedureValidation Preflabel CharacterisationProcedureValidation - - Comment - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - Label CharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -1570,6 +1570,10 @@ CharacterisationProperty Annotations + + Comment + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Elucidation The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). @@ -1578,10 +1582,6 @@ CharacterisationProperty Preflabel CharacterisationProperty - - Comment - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - Label CharacterisationProperty @@ -1617,6 +1617,10 @@ CharacterisationProtocol Annotations + + Comment + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + Elucidation A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. @@ -1625,10 +1629,6 @@ CharacterisationProtocol Preflabel CharacterisationProtocol - - Comment - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - Label CharacterisationProtocol @@ -1660,6 +1660,10 @@ CharacterisationSoftware Annotations + + Comment + A software application to process characterisation data + Elucidation A software application to process characterisation data @@ -1668,10 +1672,6 @@ CharacterisationSoftware Preflabel CharacterisationSoftware - - Comment - A software application to process characterisation data - Example In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. @@ -1708,20 +1708,20 @@ CharacterisationSystem Annotations - Elucidation + Comment A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Preflabel - CharacterisationSystem + Comment + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Comment + Elucidation A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Comment - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Preflabel + CharacterisationSystem Definition @@ -1770,14 +1770,14 @@ CharacterisationTask Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationTask - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationTask + Label CharacterisationTask @@ -1821,6 +1821,18 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Annotations + + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + Comment + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + + + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + Elucidation The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). @@ -1837,18 +1849,6 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Altlabel Characterisation technique - - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - Comment - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1880,6 +1880,10 @@ CharacterisationWorkflow Annotations + + Comment + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + Elucidation A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. @@ -1888,10 +1892,6 @@ CharacterisationWorkflow Preflabel CharacterisationWorkflow - - Comment - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - Label CharacterisationWorkflow @@ -1935,6 +1935,10 @@ CharacterisedSample Annotations + + Comment + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + Elucidation The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process @@ -1943,10 +1947,6 @@ CharacterisedSample Preflabel CharacterisedSample - - Comment - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - Label CharacterisedSample @@ -1978,14 +1978,14 @@ ChargeDistribution Annotations - - Preflabel - ChargeDistribution - Comment + + Preflabel + ChargeDistribution + Label ChargeDistribution @@ -2017,6 +2017,10 @@ Chromatography Annotations + + Comment + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. @@ -2025,10 +2029,6 @@ Chromatography Preflabel Chromatography - - Comment - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography @@ -2064,6 +2064,10 @@ Chronoamperometry Annotations + + Comment + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Elucidation Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. @@ -2084,10 +2088,6 @@ Chronoamperometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Label Chronoamperometry @@ -2119,6 +2119,10 @@ Chronocoulometry Annotations + + Comment + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Elucidation Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. @@ -2131,10 +2135,6 @@ Chronocoulometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Label Chronocoulometry @@ -2166,6 +2166,10 @@ Chronopotentiometry Annotations + + Comment + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Elucidation Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. @@ -2178,10 +2182,6 @@ Chronopotentiometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Label Chronopotentiometry @@ -2213,6 +2213,10 @@ CompressionTesting Annotations + + Comment + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Elucidation Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. @@ -2221,10 +2225,6 @@ CompressionTesting Preflabel CompressionTesting - - Comment - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - Label CompressionTesting @@ -2256,6 +2256,10 @@ ConductometricTitration Annotations + + Comment + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Elucidation Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. @@ -2268,10 +2272,6 @@ ConductometricTitration Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 @@ -2307,6 +2307,10 @@ Conductometry Annotations + + Comment + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Elucidation Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. @@ -2319,10 +2323,6 @@ Conductometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 @@ -2366,6 +2366,10 @@ ConfocalMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + Elucidation Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. @@ -2374,10 +2378,6 @@ ConfocalMicroscopy Preflabel ConfocalMicroscopy - - Comment - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - Label ConfocalMicroscopy @@ -2409,6 +2409,10 @@ CoulometricTitration Annotations + + Comment + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + Elucidation Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. @@ -2417,10 +2421,6 @@ CoulometricTitration Preflabel CoulometricTitration - - Comment - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - Label CoulometricTitration @@ -2452,6 +2452,10 @@ Coulometry Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). @@ -2464,10 +2468,6 @@ Coulometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 @@ -2511,6 +2511,10 @@ CreepTesting Annotations + + Comment + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + Elucidation The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. @@ -2519,10 +2523,6 @@ CreepTesting Preflabel CreepTesting - - Comment - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - Label CreepTesting @@ -2554,14 +2554,14 @@ CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography Annotations - - Preflabel - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - Comment + + Preflabel + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + Label CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography @@ -2593,6 +2593,10 @@ CyclicChronopotentiometry Annotations + + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2605,10 +2609,6 @@ CyclicChronopotentiometry Preflabel CyclicChronopotentiometry - - Comment - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Label CyclicChronopotentiometry @@ -2640,10 +2640,18 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2656,18 +2664,10 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry @@ -2703,6 +2703,10 @@ DCPolarography Annotations + + Comment + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + Elucidation Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. @@ -2715,10 +2719,6 @@ DCPolarography Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Label DCPolarography @@ -2750,6 +2750,10 @@ DataAcquisitionRate Annotations + + Comment + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + Elucidation Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. @@ -2758,10 +2762,6 @@ DataAcquisitionRate Preflabel DataAcquisitionRate - - Comment - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - Label DataAcquisitionRate @@ -2793,6 +2793,10 @@ DataAnalysis Annotations + + Comment + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + Elucidation Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. @@ -2801,10 +2805,6 @@ DataAnalysis Preflabel DataAnalysis - - Comment - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - Label DataAnalysis @@ -2836,6 +2836,10 @@ DataFiltering Annotations + + Comment + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Elucidation Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. @@ -2844,10 +2848,6 @@ DataFiltering Preflabel DataFiltering - - Comment - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - Label DataFiltering @@ -2880,24 +2880,24 @@ DataNormalisation Annotations - Elucidation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + Comment + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Preflabel - DataNormalisation + Comment + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. Comment It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Comment + Elucidation Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - Comment - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + Preflabel + DataNormalisation Label @@ -2930,6 +2930,10 @@ DataPostProcessing Annotations + + Comment + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Elucidation Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. @@ -2938,10 +2942,6 @@ DataPostProcessing Preflabel DataPostProcessing - - Comment - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - Label DataPostProcessing @@ -2973,6 +2973,10 @@ DataPreparation Annotations + + Comment + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + Elucidation Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. @@ -2981,10 +2985,6 @@ DataPreparation Preflabel DataPreparation - - Comment - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - Label DataPreparation @@ -3016,6 +3016,10 @@ DataProcessingThroughCalibration Annotations + + Comment + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + Elucidation Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. @@ -3024,10 +3028,6 @@ DataProcessingThroughCalibration Preflabel DataProcessingThroughCalibration - - Comment - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - Label DataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -3059,6 +3059,10 @@ DataQuality Annotations + + Comment + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Elucidation Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. @@ -3067,10 +3071,6 @@ DataQuality Preflabel DataQuality - - Comment - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) @@ -3106,6 +3106,10 @@ Detector Annotations + + Comment + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Elucidation Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. @@ -3114,10 +3118,6 @@ Detector Preflabel Detector - - Comment - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Example Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM @@ -3157,6 +3157,10 @@ DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + Elucidation Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. @@ -3165,10 +3169,6 @@ DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Preflabel DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - - Comment - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - Label DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3200,6 +3200,10 @@ Dielectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. @@ -3212,10 +3216,6 @@ Dielectrometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Label Dielectrometry @@ -3247,6 +3247,10 @@ DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. @@ -3255,10 +3259,6 @@ DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Preflabel DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - - Comment - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - Label DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry @@ -3290,6 +3290,10 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. @@ -3306,10 +3310,6 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 @@ -3349,14 +3349,14 @@ DifferentialRefractiveIndex Annotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - Comment + + Preflabel + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + Label DifferentialRefractiveIndex @@ -3388,6 +3388,10 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Annotations + + Comment + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Elucidation Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. @@ -3400,10 +3404,6 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Altlabel DSC - - Comment - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3435,6 +3435,10 @@ DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. @@ -3443,10 +3447,6 @@ DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Preflabel DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - - Comment - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - Label DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry @@ -3478,6 +3478,10 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Annotations + + Comment + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Elucidation Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. @@ -3490,10 +3494,6 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Altlabel DTA - - Comment - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3525,6 +3525,10 @@ Dilatometry Annotations + + Comment + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Elucidation Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. @@ -3533,10 +3537,6 @@ Dilatometry Preflabel Dilatometry - - Comment - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Label Dilatometry @@ -3568,6 +3568,10 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Annotations + + Comment + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + Elucidation Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. @@ -3576,10 +3580,6 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Preflabel DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - - Comment - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent @@ -3611,6 +3611,14 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Annotations + + Comment + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + + + Comment + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -3627,14 +3635,6 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - - - Comment - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential @@ -3666,6 +3666,10 @@ DirectCurrentInternalResistance Annotations + + Comment + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + Elucidation Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. @@ -3674,10 +3678,6 @@ DirectCurrentInternalResistance Preflabel DirectCurrentInternalResistance - - Comment - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - Label DirectCurrentInternalResistance @@ -3709,6 +3709,10 @@ DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Comment + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Elucidation Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). @@ -3721,10 +3725,6 @@ DynamicLightScattering Altlabel DLS - - Comment - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3756,6 +3756,10 @@ DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Annotations + + Comment + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + Elucidation Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. @@ -3764,10 +3768,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Preflabel DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - - Comment - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - Label DynamicMechanicalAnalysis @@ -3799,6 +3799,10 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Elucidation Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. @@ -3811,10 +3815,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Altlabel DMA - - Comment - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3846,6 +3846,10 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. @@ -3862,10 +3866,6 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 @@ -3901,6 +3901,10 @@ ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Annotations + + Comment + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + Elucidation Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. @@ -3913,10 +3917,6 @@ ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Label ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry @@ -3949,20 +3949,20 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting Annotations - Elucidation + Comment + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + + + Comment In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting - - - Comment - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + Elucidation + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Comment - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting Label @@ -3995,6 +3995,10 @@ Electrogravimetry Annotations + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. @@ -4007,10 +4011,6 @@ Electrogravimetry Preflabel Electrogravimetry - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 @@ -4054,6 +4054,10 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Annotations + + Comment + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Elucidation Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. @@ -4066,10 +4070,6 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Altlabel EBSD - - Comment - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4105,6 +4105,10 @@ ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Annotations + + Comment + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + Elucidation Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. @@ -4113,10 +4117,6 @@ ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Preflabel ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - - Comment - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - Label ElectronProbeMicroanalysis @@ -4148,6 +4148,10 @@ Ellipsometry Annotations + + Comment + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Elucidation Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. @@ -4156,10 +4160,6 @@ Ellipsometry Preflabel Ellipsometry - - Comment - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Label Ellipsometry @@ -4191,6 +4191,10 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Elucidation An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. @@ -4207,10 +4211,6 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Altlabel EDX - - Comment - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 @@ -4250,6 +4250,10 @@ EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Elucidation The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. @@ -4258,10 +4262,6 @@ EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Preflabel EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - - Comment - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - Label EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4293,6 +4293,10 @@ Exafs Annotations + + Comment + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Elucidation Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. @@ -4301,10 +4305,6 @@ Exafs Preflabel Exafs - - Comment - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Label Exafs @@ -4336,6 +4336,10 @@ FatigueTesting Annotations + + Comment + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + Elucidation Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. @@ -4344,10 +4348,6 @@ FatigueTesting Preflabel FatigueTesting - - Comment - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - Label FatigueTesting @@ -4379,6 +4379,10 @@ FibDic Annotations + + Comment + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Elucidation The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). @@ -4391,10 +4395,6 @@ FibDic Altlabel FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - - Comment - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - Label FibDic @@ -4426,6 +4426,10 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Elucidation Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. @@ -4438,10 +4442,6 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Altlabel FE-SEM - - Comment - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4473,6 +4473,10 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Elucidation A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas @@ -4485,10 +4489,6 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Altlabel FTIR - - Comment - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 @@ -4528,6 +4528,10 @@ Fractography Annotations + + Comment + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Elucidation Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. @@ -4536,10 +4540,6 @@ Fractography Preflabel Fractography - - Comment - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Label Fractography @@ -4571,6 +4571,10 @@ FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Annotations + + Comment + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + Elucidation The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. @@ -4579,10 +4583,6 @@ FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Preflabel FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - - Comment - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - Label FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry @@ -4614,6 +4614,10 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. @@ -4626,10 +4630,6 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Altlabel GITT - - Comment - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -4665,6 +4665,10 @@ GammaSpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Elucidation Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. @@ -4673,10 +4677,6 @@ GammaSpectrometry Preflabel GammaSpectrometry - - Comment - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - Label GammaSpectrometry @@ -4708,6 +4708,10 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Annotations + + Comment + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Elucidation Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. @@ -4720,10 +4724,6 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Altlabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - - Comment - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4755,6 +4755,10 @@ Grinding Annotations + + Comment + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. @@ -4763,10 +4767,6 @@ Grinding Preflabel Grinding - - Comment - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Label Grinding @@ -4798,6 +4798,10 @@ HPPC Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. @@ -4814,10 +4818,6 @@ HPPC Altlabel HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - Label HPPC @@ -4849,6 +4849,10 @@ HardnessTesting Annotations + + Comment + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + Elucidation A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. @@ -4857,10 +4861,6 @@ HardnessTesting Preflabel HardnessTesting - - Comment - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - Label HardnessTesting @@ -4892,14 +4892,14 @@ HardwareManufacturer Annotations - - Preflabel - HardwareManufacturer - Comment + + Preflabel + HardwareManufacturer + Label HardwareManufacturer @@ -4931,14 +4931,14 @@ HardwareModel Annotations - - Preflabel - HardwareModel - Comment + + Preflabel + HardwareModel + Label HardwareModel @@ -4970,6 +4970,10 @@ Hazard Annotations + + Comment + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Elucidation Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. @@ -4978,10 +4982,6 @@ Hazard Preflabel Hazard - - Comment - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Label Hazard @@ -5013,6 +5013,10 @@ Holder Annotations + + Comment + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Elucidation An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. @@ -5021,10 +5025,6 @@ Holder Preflabel Holder - - Comment - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Label Holder @@ -5056,6 +5056,10 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Elucidation Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). @@ -5068,10 +5072,6 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 @@ -5111,6 +5111,10 @@ ICI Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. @@ -5123,10 +5127,6 @@ ICI Altlabel IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - Label ICI @@ -5158,6 +5158,10 @@ Impedimetry Annotations + + Comment + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Elucidation Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. @@ -5170,10 +5174,6 @@ Impedimetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Label Impedimetry @@ -5205,14 +5205,6 @@ InteractionVolume Annotations - - Elucidation - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - - - Preflabel - InteractionVolume - Comment In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. @@ -5229,6 +5221,14 @@ InteractionVolume Comment The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + Elucidation + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + + + Preflabel + InteractionVolume + Example In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). @@ -5264,14 +5264,14 @@ IntermediateSample Annotations - - Preflabel - IntermediateSample - Comment + + Preflabel + IntermediateSample + Label IntermediateSample @@ -5303,6 +5303,10 @@ IonChromatography Annotations + + Comment + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. @@ -5311,10 +5315,6 @@ IonChromatography Preflabel IonChromatography - - Comment - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography @@ -5350,6 +5350,10 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Elucidation Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. @@ -5362,10 +5366,6 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Altlabel IMS - - Comment - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5397,6 +5397,10 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Annotations + + Comment + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Elucidation Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. @@ -5409,10 +5413,6 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Altlabel IMC - - Comment - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -5444,6 +5444,10 @@ Laboratory Annotations + + Comment + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Elucidation The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. @@ -5452,10 +5456,6 @@ Laboratory Preflabel Laboratory - - Comment - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Label Laboratory @@ -5487,6 +5487,10 @@ LevelOfAutomation Annotations + + Comment + Describes the level of automation of the test. + Elucidation Describes the level of automation of the test. @@ -5495,10 +5499,6 @@ LevelOfAutomation Preflabel LevelOfAutomation - - Comment - Describes the level of automation of the test. - Label LevelOfAutomation @@ -5530,6 +5530,10 @@ LevelOfExpertise Annotations + + Comment + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + Elucidation Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). @@ -5538,10 +5542,6 @@ LevelOfExpertise Preflabel LevelOfExpertise - - Comment - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - Label LevelOfExpertise @@ -5573,6 +5573,10 @@ LightScattering Annotations + + Comment + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + Elucidation Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. @@ -5581,10 +5585,6 @@ LightScattering Preflabel LightScattering - - Comment - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - Label LightScattering @@ -5616,6 +5616,10 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Annotations + + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -5628,10 +5632,6 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Preflabel LinearChronopotentiometry - - Comment - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Label LinearChronopotentiometry @@ -5663,6 +5663,10 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. @@ -5687,10 +5691,6 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 @@ -5730,6 +5730,10 @@ MassSpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + Elucidation Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. @@ -5738,10 +5742,6 @@ MassSpectrometry Preflabel MassSpectrometry - - Comment - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - Label MassSpectrometry @@ -5774,20 +5774,20 @@ MeasurementDataPostProcessing Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Comment + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Comment + Elucidation Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Comment - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing Example @@ -5825,21 +5825,21 @@ MeasurementParameter Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter - Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Comment + Elucidation Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter + Label MeasurementParameter @@ -5872,28 +5872,28 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Preflabel - MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Comment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Altlabel - MeasurementParameterAdjustment + Comment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Comment + Elucidation Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Comment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Preflabel + MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Comment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Altlabel + MeasurementParameterAdjustment Definition @@ -5935,21 +5935,21 @@ MeasurementTime Annotations - Elucidation + Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - Preflabel - MeasurementTime - Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - Comment + Elucidation The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + Preflabel + MeasurementTime + Label MeasurementTime @@ -5981,6 +5981,10 @@ MechanicalTesting Annotations + + Comment + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -5989,10 +5993,6 @@ MechanicalTesting Preflabel MechanicalTesting - - Comment - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing @@ -6029,21 +6029,21 @@ MembraneOsmometry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry - Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - Comment + Elucidation In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry + Label MembraneOsmometry @@ -6076,21 +6076,21 @@ MercuryPorosimetry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry - Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - Comment + Elucidation A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry + Label MercuryPorosimetry @@ -6123,21 +6123,21 @@ Microscopy Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - Preflabel - Microscopy - Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Comment + Elucidation Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + Preflabel + Microscopy + Label Microscopy @@ -6169,6 +6169,10 @@ Milling Annotations + + Comment + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. @@ -6177,10 +6181,6 @@ Milling Preflabel Milling - - Comment - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Label Milling @@ -6213,21 +6213,21 @@ Mounting Annotations - Elucidation + Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. - - Preflabel - Mounting - Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. - Comment + Elucidation The sample is mounted on a holder. + + Preflabel + Mounting + Label Mounting @@ -6264,20 +6264,20 @@ Nanoindentation Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + Comment + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Comment + Elucidation Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Comment - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Preflabel + Nanoindentation Example @@ -6314,6 +6314,10 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Elucidation Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. @@ -6326,10 +6330,6 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Altlabel NSE - - Comment - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6361,6 +6361,10 @@ Nexafs Annotations + + Comment + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Elucidation Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. @@ -6369,10 +6373,6 @@ Nexafs Preflabel Nexafs - - Comment - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Label Nexafs @@ -6404,6 +6404,10 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. @@ -6420,10 +6424,6 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - Label NormalPulseVoltammetry @@ -6455,6 +6455,10 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Annotations + + Comment + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Elucidation Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. @@ -6471,10 +6475,6 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Altlabel NMR - - Comment - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -6506,6 +6506,10 @@ OpenCircuitHold Annotations + + Comment + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Elucidation A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). @@ -6518,10 +6522,6 @@ OpenCircuitHold Altlabel OCVHold - - Comment - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -6553,6 +6553,10 @@ Operator Annotations + + Comment + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Elucidation The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. @@ -6561,10 +6565,6 @@ Operator Preflabel Operator - - Comment - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Label Operator @@ -6604,6 +6604,10 @@ OpticalMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Elucidation Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. @@ -6612,10 +6616,6 @@ OpticalMicroscopy Preflabel OpticalMicroscopy - - Comment - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - Label OpticalMicroscopy @@ -6647,14 +6647,14 @@ OpticalTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - OpticalTesting - Comment + + Preflabel + OpticalTesting + Label OpticalTesting @@ -6686,6 +6686,10 @@ Osmometry Annotations + + Comment + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Elucidation Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). @@ -6694,20 +6698,63 @@ Osmometry Preflabel Osmometry + + Label + Osmometry + + + Formal description + + + Subclass Of + CharacterisationTechnique + + + +.. raw:: html + +
+ + +OutlierRemoval +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OutlierRemoval
Annotations
CommentOsmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg).Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses.
Comment
ElucidationOutlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses.
PreflabelOutlierRemoval
LabelOsmometryOutlierRemoval
Formal description
Subclass OfCharacterisationTechniqueDataFiltering
@@ -6729,6 +6776,10 @@ PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + Elucidation Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. @@ -6737,10 +6788,6 @@ PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Preflabel PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - - Comment - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - Label PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy @@ -6773,20 +6820,20 @@ PhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction + Comment + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - Comment + Elucidation Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Comment - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction Example @@ -6827,6 +6874,10 @@ Polishing Annotations + + Comment + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. @@ -6835,10 +6886,6 @@ Polishing Preflabel Polishing - - Comment - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Label Polishing @@ -6870,14 +6917,14 @@ Porosimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - Porosimetry - Comment + + Preflabel + Porosimetry + Label Porosimetry @@ -6909,14 +6956,6 @@ PostProcessingModel Annotations - - Elucidation - Mathematical model used to process data. - - - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel - Comment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -6933,6 +6972,14 @@ PostProcessingModel Comment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + Elucidation + Mathematical model used to process data. + + + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel + Label PostProcessingModel @@ -6964,22 +7011,6 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Annotations - - Elucidation - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - - - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - - - Altlabel - PSA - Comment Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -7000,6 +7031,22 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Comment the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + Elucidation + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + + + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + + + Altlabel + PSA + Label PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -7031,6 +7078,10 @@ Potentiometry Annotations + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. @@ -7043,10 +7094,6 @@ Potentiometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 @@ -7086,6 +7133,10 @@ PreparedSample Annotations + + Comment + The sample after a preparation process. + Elucidation The sample after a preparation process. @@ -7094,10 +7145,6 @@ PreparedSample Preflabel PreparedSample - - Comment - The sample after a preparation process. - Label PreparedSample @@ -7129,6 +7176,10 @@ PrimaryData Annotations + + Comment + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Elucidation Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. @@ -7137,10 +7188,6 @@ PrimaryData Preflabel PrimaryData - - Comment - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Example Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. @@ -7177,20 +7224,20 @@ Probe Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Preflabel - Probe + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Comment - + Preflabel + Probe Example @@ -7244,20 +7291,20 @@ ProbeSampleInteraction Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - Comment - + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction Label @@ -7307,20 +7354,20 @@ ProcessingReproducibility Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - Comment - + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility Label @@ -7354,20 +7401,20 @@ Profilometry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Preflabel - Profilometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Comment - + Preflabel + Profilometry Label @@ -7400,6 +7447,14 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Annotations + + Comment + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + Comment + + Elucidation a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage @@ -7412,14 +7467,6 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Altlabel PseudoOCV - - Comment - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - Comment - - Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -7451,6 +7498,14 @@ PulsedElectroacousticMethod Annotations + + Comment + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + + Comment + + Elucidation The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. @@ -7463,14 +7518,6 @@ PulsedElectroacousticMethod Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - Comment - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - - Comment - - Label PulsedElectroacousticMethod @@ -7503,20 +7550,20 @@ RamanSpectroscopy Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - Comment - + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy Label @@ -7550,16 +7597,16 @@ Rationale Annotations - Elucidation + Comment A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Preflabel - Rationale + Elucidation + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Comment - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Preflabel + Rationale Label @@ -7592,18 +7639,6 @@ RawData Annotations - - Elucidation - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - - - Elucidation - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - - - Preflabel - RawData - Comment In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. @@ -7620,6 +7655,18 @@ RawData Comment + + Elucidation + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + + + Elucidation + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + + + Preflabel + RawData + Example In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. @@ -7663,14 +7710,14 @@ RawSample Annotations - - Preflabel - RawSample - Comment + + Preflabel + RawSample + Label RawSample @@ -7702,6 +7749,18 @@ ReferenceSample Annotations + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. @@ -7722,18 +7781,6 @@ ReferenceSample Altlabel ReferenceSpecimen - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - - Comment - - Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -7778,32 +7825,32 @@ Sample Annotations - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Comment + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Preflabel - Sample + Comment + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Altlabel - Specimen + Comment + Comment Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Comment + Elucidation Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Comment - + Preflabel + Sample - Comment - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Altlabel + Specimen Label @@ -7836,14 +7883,6 @@ SampleExtraction Annotations - - Elucidation - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - - - Preflabel - SampleExtraction - Comment The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -7860,6 +7899,14 @@ SampleExtraction Comment + + Elucidation + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + + + Preflabel + SampleExtraction + Label SampleExtraction @@ -7892,20 +7939,20 @@ SampleInspection Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - Preflabel - SampleInspection + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - Comment - + Preflabel + SampleInspection Example @@ -7942,14 +7989,14 @@ SampleInspectionInstrument Annotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspectionInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + SampleInspectionInstrument + Label SampleInspectionInstrument @@ -7982,20 +8029,20 @@ SampleInspectionParameter Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Parameter used for the sample inspection process - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Parameter used for the sample inspection process - Comment - + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter Label @@ -8029,20 +8076,20 @@ SamplePreparation Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - Preflabel - SamplePreparation + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - Comment - + Preflabel + SamplePreparation Label @@ -8091,14 +8138,14 @@ SamplePreparationInstrument Annotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparationInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + SamplePreparationInstrument + Label SamplePreparationInstrument @@ -8131,20 +8178,20 @@ SamplePreparationParameter Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Parameter used for the sample preparation process - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Parameter used for the sample preparation process - Comment - + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter Label @@ -8177,6 +8224,18 @@ SampledDCPolarography Annotations + + Comment + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + + + Comment + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + + Comment + + Elucidation DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. @@ -8193,18 +8252,6 @@ SampledDCPolarography Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - - - Comment - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - - Comment - - Label SampledDCPolarography @@ -8236,6 +8283,14 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. @@ -8248,14 +8303,6 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Altlabel AES - - Comment - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -8287,6 +8334,14 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + Comment + + Elucidation The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. @@ -8299,14 +8354,6 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Altlabel SEM - - Comment - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -8338,6 +8385,14 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Annotations + + Comment + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. @@ -8350,14 +8405,6 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Altlabel SKB - - Comment - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -8390,20 +8437,20 @@ ScanningProbeMicroscopy Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - Comment - + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy Label @@ -8436,6 +8483,14 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. @@ -8448,14 +8503,6 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Altlabel STM - - Comment - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -8487,14 +8534,14 @@ ScatteringAndDiffraction Annotations - - Preflabel - ScatteringAndDiffraction - Comment + + Preflabel + ScatteringAndDiffraction + Label ScatteringAndDiffraction @@ -8527,24 +8574,24 @@ SecondaryData Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Preflabel - SecondaryData + Comment + - Altlabel - Elaborated data + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Comment - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Preflabel + SecondaryData - Comment - + Altlabel + Elaborated data Example @@ -8585,6 +8632,14 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. @@ -8597,14 +8652,6 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Altlabel SIMS - - Comment - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - Comment - - Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -8636,14 +8683,14 @@ ShearOrTorsionTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - ShearOrTorsionTesting - Comment + + Preflabel + ShearOrTorsionTesting + Label ShearOrTorsionTesting @@ -8675,14 +8722,6 @@ Signal Annotations - - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - - - Preflabel - Signal - Comment Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -8703,6 +8742,14 @@ Signal Comment + + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + + + Preflabel + Signal + Definition According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). @@ -8739,20 +8786,20 @@ Spectrometry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Preflabel - Spectrometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Comment - + Preflabel + Spectrometry Label @@ -8786,20 +8833,20 @@ Spectroscopy Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Preflabel - Spectroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Comment - + Preflabel + Spectroscopy Label @@ -8832,6 +8879,26 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + + + Comment + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + + + Comment + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Comment + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + + Comment + + Elucidation voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp @@ -8856,26 +8923,6 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - - - Comment - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - - - Comment - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Comment - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 @@ -8916,20 +8963,20 @@ StepChronopotentiometry Annotations - Elucidation + Comment chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - Comment - + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry Label @@ -8962,18 +9009,6 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Comment Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. @@ -9002,6 +9037,18 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Comment + + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis @@ -9037,14 +9084,14 @@ Synchrotron Annotations - - Preflabel - Synchrotron - Comment + + Preflabel + Synchrotron + Label Synchrotron @@ -9076,6 +9123,14 @@ TensileTesting Annotations + + Comment + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. @@ -9088,14 +9143,6 @@ TensileTesting Altlabel TensionTest - - Comment - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - Comment - - Label TensileTesting @@ -9127,6 +9174,14 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Annotations + + Comment + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. @@ -9139,14 +9194,6 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Altlabel TMA - - Comment - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - Comment - - Label ThermochemicalTesting @@ -9178,6 +9225,14 @@ Thermogravimetry Annotations + + Comment + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + Comment + + Elucidation Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). @@ -9190,14 +9245,6 @@ Thermogravimetry Altlabel TGA - - Comment - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - Comment - - Label Thermogravimetry @@ -9229,6 +9276,14 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Annotations + + Comment + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Comment + + Elucidation Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample @@ -9241,14 +9296,6 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Altlabel ThreePointFlexuralTest - - Comment - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 @@ -9288,6 +9335,10 @@ Tomography Annotations + + Comment + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Elucidation Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. @@ -9296,10 +9347,6 @@ Tomography Preflabel Tomography - - Comment - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Label Tomography @@ -9331,6 +9378,14 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. @@ -9343,14 +9398,6 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Altlabel TEM - - Comment - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - Comment - - Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -9382,6 +9429,10 @@ UltrasonicTesting Annotations + + Comment + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + Elucidation Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -9390,10 +9441,6 @@ UltrasonicTesting Preflabel UltrasonicTesting - - Comment - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - Label UltrasonicTesting @@ -9425,6 +9472,10 @@ UserCase Annotations + + Comment + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + Elucidation High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. @@ -9433,10 +9484,6 @@ UserCase Preflabel UserCase - - Comment - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - Label UserCase @@ -9468,6 +9515,14 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Annotations + + Comment + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. @@ -9480,14 +9535,6 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Altlabel VPO - - Comment - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - Comment - - Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -9519,6 +9566,14 @@ Viscometry Annotations + + Comment + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. @@ -9531,14 +9586,6 @@ Viscometry Altlabel Viscosity - - Comment - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - Comment - - Label Viscometry @@ -9570,18 +9617,6 @@ Voltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - - Preflabel - Voltammetry - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Comment The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. @@ -9594,6 +9629,18 @@ Voltammetry Comment + + Elucidation + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + + Preflabel + Voltammetry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 @@ -9637,6 +9684,10 @@ VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Annotations + + Comment + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + Elucidation Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation @@ -9649,10 +9700,6 @@ VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Label VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode @@ -9684,6 +9731,10 @@ WearTesting Annotations + + Comment + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + Elucidation A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. @@ -9692,10 +9743,6 @@ WearTesting Preflabel WearTesting - - Comment - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - Label WearTesting @@ -9727,6 +9774,10 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Annotations + + Comment + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Elucidation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. @@ -9743,10 +9794,6 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Altlabel X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - - Comment - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -9778,6 +9825,14 @@ XrayDiffraction Annotations + + Comment + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Comment + + Elucidation a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice @@ -9790,14 +9845,6 @@ XrayDiffraction Altlabel XRD - - Comment - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 @@ -9837,6 +9884,14 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations + + Comment + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + + Comment + + Elucidation a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample @@ -9849,14 +9904,6 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Altlabel XRPD - - Comment - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction @@ -9892,14 +9939,14 @@ XrdGrazingIncidence Annotations - - Preflabel - XrdGrazingIncidence - Comment + + Preflabel + XrdGrazingIncidence + Label XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -9937,14 +9984,14 @@ hasAccessConditions Annotations - - Preflabel - hasAccessConditions - Comment + + Preflabel + hasAccessConditions + Label hasAccessConditions @@ -10011,6 +10058,10 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10019,10 +10070,6 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Altlabel hasBeginCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10058,6 +10105,10 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10066,10 +10117,6 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Altlabel hasCharacterizationComponent - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10105,6 +10152,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10113,10 +10164,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironment - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10152,6 +10199,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10160,10 +10211,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Altlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10199,6 +10246,10 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10207,10 +10258,6 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Altlabel hasCharacterizationInput - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10246,6 +10293,10 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10254,10 +10305,6 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Altlabel hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10293,6 +10340,10 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10301,10 +10352,6 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Altlabel hasCharacterizationOutput - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10340,14 +10387,14 @@ hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation Annotations - - Preflabel - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + Label hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -10383,6 +10430,10 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10391,10 +10442,6 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Altlabel hasCharacterizationProperty - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10430,6 +10477,10 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10438,10 +10489,6 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Altlabel hasCharacterizationSoftware - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10477,6 +10524,10 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10485,10 +10536,6 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Altlabel hasCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10524,14 +10571,14 @@ hasDataAcquisitionRate Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDataAcquisitionRate - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataAcquisitionRate + Label hasDataAcquisitionRate @@ -10567,14 +10614,14 @@ hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + Label hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -10610,14 +10657,14 @@ hasDataQuality Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDataQuality - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataQuality + Label hasDataQuality @@ -10653,14 +10700,14 @@ hasDataset Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDataset - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataset + Label hasDataset @@ -10696,14 +10743,14 @@ hasDateOfCalibration Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDateOfCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDateOfCalibration + Label hasDateOfCalibration @@ -10739,6 +10786,10 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10747,10 +10798,6 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Altlabel hasEndCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10786,14 +10833,14 @@ hasHardwareSpecification Annotations - - Preflabel - hasHardwareSpecification - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHardwareSpecification + Label hasHardwareSpecification @@ -10829,14 +10876,14 @@ hasHazard Annotations - - Preflabel - hasHazard - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHazard + Label hasHazard @@ -10872,14 +10919,14 @@ hasHolder Annotations - - Preflabel - hasHolder - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHolder + Label hasHolder @@ -10915,14 +10962,14 @@ hasInstrumentForCalibration Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInstrumentForCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInstrumentForCalibration + Label hasInstrumentForCalibration @@ -10958,14 +11005,14 @@ hasInteractionVolume Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionVolume - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionVolume + Label hasInteractionVolume @@ -11001,14 +11048,14 @@ hasInteractionWithProbe Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionWithProbe - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionWithProbe + Label hasInteractionWithProbe @@ -11044,14 +11091,14 @@ hasInteractionWithSample Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionWithSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionWithSample + Label hasInteractionWithSample @@ -11087,14 +11134,14 @@ hasLab Annotations - - Preflabel - hasLab - Comment + + Preflabel + hasLab + Label hasLab @@ -11130,14 +11177,14 @@ hasLevelOfAutomation Annotations - - Preflabel - hasLevelOfAutomation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasLevelOfAutomation + Label hasLevelOfAutomation @@ -11173,6 +11220,10 @@ hasManufacturer Annotations + + Comment + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -11181,10 +11232,6 @@ hasManufacturer Preflabel hasManufacturer - - Comment - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasManufacturer @@ -11220,14 +11267,14 @@ hasMeasurementDetector Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementDetector - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementDetector + Label hasMeasurementDetector @@ -11263,14 +11310,14 @@ hasMeasurementParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementParameter + Label hasMeasurementParameter @@ -11306,14 +11353,14 @@ hasMeasurementProbe Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementProbe - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementProbe + Label hasMeasurementProbe @@ -11349,14 +11396,14 @@ hasMeasurementSample Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementSample + Label hasMeasurementSample @@ -11392,14 +11439,14 @@ hasMeasurementTime Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementTime - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementTime + Label hasMeasurementTime @@ -11435,6 +11482,10 @@ hasModel Annotations + + Comment + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -11443,10 +11494,6 @@ hasModel Preflabel hasModel - - Comment - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasModel @@ -11482,14 +11529,14 @@ hasOperator Annotations - - Preflabel - hasOperator - Comment + + Preflabel + hasOperator + Label hasOperator @@ -11525,14 +11572,14 @@ hasPeerReviewedArticle Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPeerReviewedArticle - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPeerReviewedArticle + Label hasPeerReviewedArticle @@ -11568,14 +11615,14 @@ hasPhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + Label hasPhysicsOfInteraction @@ -11611,14 +11658,14 @@ hasPostProcessingModel Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPostProcessingModel - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPostProcessingModel + Label hasPostProcessingModel @@ -11654,14 +11701,14 @@ hasProcessingReproducibility Annotations - - Preflabel - hasProcessingReproducibility - Comment + + Preflabel + hasProcessingReproducibility + Label hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -11697,14 +11744,14 @@ hasReferenceSample Annotations - - Preflabel - hasReferenceSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasReferenceSample + Label hasReferenceSample @@ -11740,14 +11787,14 @@ hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + Label hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation @@ -11787,14 +11834,14 @@ hasSampleForInspection Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleForInspection - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleForInspection + Label hasSampleForInspection @@ -11830,14 +11877,14 @@ hasSampleInspectionInstrument Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + Label hasSampleInspectionInstrument @@ -11873,14 +11920,14 @@ hasSampleInspectionParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleInspectionParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleInspectionParameter + Label hasSampleInspectionParameter @@ -11916,14 +11963,14 @@ hasSamplePreparationInstrument Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + Label hasSamplePreparationInstrument @@ -11959,14 +12006,14 @@ hasSamplePreparationParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSamplePreparationParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSamplePreparationParameter + Label hasSamplePreparationParameter @@ -12002,14 +12049,14 @@ hasSampledSample Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampledSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampledSample + Label hasSampledSample @@ -12045,6 +12092,10 @@ hasUniqueID Annotations + + Comment + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -12053,10 +12104,6 @@ hasUniqueID Preflabel hasUniqueID - - Comment - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasUniqueID @@ -12150,14 +12197,14 @@ requiresLevelOfExpertise Annotations - - Preflabel - requiresLevelOfExpertise - Comment + + Preflabel + requiresLevelOfExpertise + Label requiresLevelOfExpertise diff --git a/chameo-inferred.owl b/chameo-inferred.owl index 75720e4..812616a 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.owl +++ b/chameo-inferred.owl @@ -51,70 +51,6 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - - - - - - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart - - - - - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem - - - - - - - - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - - @@ -126,46 +62,6 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - @@ -178,107 +74,84 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage - - - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - + - - - - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalTile - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - + + + + - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - + + + + - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - hasMetricPrefix + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - - - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasSpatialTile - hasSpatialDirectPart - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - + + + - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - hasModel - hasModel + hasHazard + hasHazard @@ -292,294 +165,279 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - - - - - + + - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isPredecessorOf - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - - - - - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialSlice + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - + - - - + - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - isConcomitantWith - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - - - - - - - + + - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + + + + + + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + + + + + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - - - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - hasNext - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + + + + + + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + + + + + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - + + - - - - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - contacts - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasEndTile + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - + + + + - hasOperator - hasOperator + hasInteractionWithProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - + + + + - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + + - - - + + - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - hasSpatioTemporalTile - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasSpatialTile + hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - + + + - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialSlice - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter - hasSamplePreparationParameter + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - - The input of a process. - hasInput - hasInput - The input of a process. + + + + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + + + + + + + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - + - + - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasMeasurementTime + hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - - hasInteractionWithSample - hasInteractionWithSample + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - - - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasBeginTile + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. @@ -603,191 +461,59 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - - - - - - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - - - - - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - - - - - - - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - - - - hasHolder - hasHolder - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasReferent - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProperty - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - - - hasInteractionWithProbe - hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - - - - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - - - - hasSampledSample - hasSampledSample - - - - - + + + + + - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - - + + + + - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementParameter - hasMeasurementParameter - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask - - - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. @@ -822,143 +548,112 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasMetrologicalReference - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - + - + - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - - - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + + + + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - - - - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialSection - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - - - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask - - + + + + + + hasTask + hasTask + + + + - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. - - + + - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy - + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasPeerReviewedArticle +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - + + - - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + The input of a process. + hasInput + hasInput + The input of a process. - - - - - - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + isConcomitantWith + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). @@ -971,671 +666,743 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - + + + + + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + + + + + + - hasDataQuality - hasDataQuality + hasReferenceSample + hasReferenceSample - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - + + + + + + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasReferent + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + + + - hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + + + + + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - + - - + + - hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - + - + + - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasEndTile - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalTile + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - + + + + - hasHazard - hasHazard - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + + + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - - hasLab - hasLab + + + + + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasBeginTile - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection - - - + + + + - - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - + + + + + + + + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + hasDirectPart + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + + + + - hasCharacterisationTask - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - - - - - hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + + + + + + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + hasSpatioTemporalTile + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - + + + - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. - - + + + + + - isPartOf - isPartOf + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - hasSampleForInspection + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + + + + + + + + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + hasNext + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - - - - - - - - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - - + + + + - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore + -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + + + + + + + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + contacts + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + hasMetricPrefix - - - - + + + - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf - + - - - + + + - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + + + + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - - - - + + + + - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - - + + + - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasOperator + hasOperator - + + + + + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + + + - + + - hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasMeasurementSample + hasMeasurementSample - - - - + + + - hasLevelOfAutomation - hasLevelOfAutomation + hasDataset + hasDataset - - - - - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - + + + + - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - - hasCharacterisationComponent - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent - - - - - - - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - - - - - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - hasDirectPart - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - + + + + + + + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - - - - - - +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - - - - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart - hasNumericalPart +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - + - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable - - - - - - - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasJunctionPart - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. - - - + + + + - hasMeasurementProbe - hasMeasurementProbe + hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + + + + + hasSampledSample + hasSampledSample - - - - - - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + + + + + + + + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - + - - + + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith + hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - + + + + - hasDataset - hasDataset + hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent + + + + - hasPostProcessingModel - hasPostProcessingModel + hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - + - - - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + hasLevelOfAutomation + hasLevelOfAutomation - - + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput + + + + - + - hasInteractionVolume - hasInteractionVolume + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - + + + + hasModel + hasModel + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + + + - hasMeasurementTime - hasMeasurementTime + hasCharacterisationProperty + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - + - - + + - hasMeasurementSample - hasMeasurementSample + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus + + + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + + + + + hasAccessConditions + hasAccessConditions @@ -1652,49 +1419,20 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - - - - - - - + + - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + isPartOf + isPartOf - - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - hasReferenceSample + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser @@ -1710,6 +1448,27 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + @@ -1720,51 +1479,166 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + + + + + + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isPredecessorOf + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + + + + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart + hasNumericalPart - - - + + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + hasMeasurementProbe + + + + + + + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasJunctionPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + + + + hasDataQuality + hasDataQuality + + + + + + + + + hasSampleForInspection + hasSampleForInspection + + + + + - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput + + + - + + - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + hasPostProcessingModel + + + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage + + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementParameter + hasMeasurementParameter @@ -1779,26 +1653,6 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - hasMeasurementDetector - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - @@ -1808,79 +1662,94 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasSubObject - - - - + + - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialSection + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationInput - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + hasInteractionWithSample + hasInteractionWithSample - - - + + + + + + hasInteractionVolume + hasInteractionVolume - + - - + - hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - - - - - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + requiresLevelOfExpertise + requiresLevelOfExpertise - + - - + + - hasAccessConditions - hasAccessConditions + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - + + + - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy + + + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection + @@ -1891,6 +1760,141 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasBehaviour + + + + + + + hasHardwareSpecification + hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + + + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + + + + + + + + + hasHolder + hasHolder + + + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput + + + + + + + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + + + + + + hasLab + hasLab + + + + + + + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + + + @@ -1900,6 +1904,17 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + + + + + + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + @@ -1911,6 +1926,17 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + + + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + @@ -1923,17 +1949,6 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - - - - - - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - - @@ -1946,15 +1961,12 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - - - - - - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue @@ -1969,15 +1981,11 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - - - - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue @@ -1997,19 +2005,15 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu hasURNValue - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue - - - - - - hasURLValue - hasURLValue + + + + + + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -2020,29 +2024,84 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu - - + + - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + ISO80000Reference + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - - - - - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + omReference + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference + + + + + + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + + + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + + @@ -2054,6 +2113,36 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + + + + + + + + + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + elucidation + elucidation + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + + + + + + + + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + ucumCode + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + @@ -2065,37 +2154,64 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - - - - - - - - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaReference - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + + + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + qudtReference + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - + - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - elucidation - elucidation - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. - + + + + + + + + + + + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + + + + + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + IEVReference + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + + @@ -2108,20 +2224,12 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - + + - - - - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + @@ -2133,39 +2241,85 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - + + + + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + wikipediaReference + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference + + + + + + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - + - - + + + + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - + + + + + - + - + - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - omReference - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + iupacReference + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference + + + + + + + + + + + + + + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + wikidataReference + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. @@ -2179,173 +2333,31 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - - - - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - - - - - - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - IEVReference - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - - - - - - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference - - - - - - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - ISO80000Reference - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - - - - - - - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - ucumCode - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - - - - - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - wikidataReference - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference - - - + - - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - - - - - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacReference - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference - - - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtReference - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - + @@ -2353,286 +2365,84 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu - + - + + - - - - - - - - - - - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - AbsoluteHumidity - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - - - - - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - - - - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - - - - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - - - - - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - Spectrometry - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing - - - + - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + JoinManufacturing DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - + - + - + + - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - MagneticReluctance - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 @@ -2699,13 +2509,13 @@ The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a tempo For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. @@ -2717,355 +2527,302 @@ For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - + + - - + + - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - - - Porosimetry - Porosimetry - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + + + + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Moulding + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + CompressiveForming + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming - - - - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - + + - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Voltammetry - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Sample + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - + + - DieCasting - DieCasting + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Object + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - + + - Casting - Casting + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + esce workpiece + MaterialTreatment + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + Peening + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + UnitOne + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + -- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + MeasurementResult + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - + + + + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). @@ -3108,222 +2865,88 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - - - - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - - - - - - - - - - - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Process - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + Spectrometry + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - - - - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled - + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - A boolean number. - Boolean - Boolean - A boolean number. - - - - - - - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. - - - - - - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - - - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - + - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. @@ -3344,7 +2967,7 @@ https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. @@ -3363,376 +2986,338 @@ Antimatter is a subclass of matter.Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - - - - - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - - - - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + - - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalPath + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - + + - + - - - + + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + + + + + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - - - - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - - - - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - Signal - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - - - - - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - - - - + + + - + - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + ElectricConductance + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Manufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - - - - - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - ManufacturedProduct - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + + + + + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - SampleInspectionParameter - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - + + + + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - - - - - - - - - - - - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - + + - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Process + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - Sintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -3740,337 +3325,287 @@ Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point - + - - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularWavenumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Voltammetry + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - SamplePreparation - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Status - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - TemporalRole - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Object - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + + + + + + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - TensileTesting - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - - - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - AtomProbeTomography - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - + + - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - Role - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - - - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - - + + - + - + - + @@ -4079,853 +3614,668 @@ This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + StandardModelParticle + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion + + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Milling + Fräsen + Milling - - + + + + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + Machining + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - - - - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - Arrangement - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - + + - - + - + - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - - - - - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - + + + - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - ElectricResistance - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - - - - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark + -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - + + + - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - + + + - + - The inverse of length. - ReciprocalLength - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + + - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - + + - - - + - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - ElectricCurrentDensity - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - + + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy + + + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Rolling + Walzen + Rolling + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - + + - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - - + + + - + - + - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - - - - - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - ScanningKelvinProbe - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + + + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + + + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - - - + + - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstant - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - - - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Determination - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - ThermalCutting - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - + + + + + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Ablation - Abtragen - Ablation - +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - - - - - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + + - - + - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - Redundant - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + HardeningByRolling + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - - - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 - - - - - + + + - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy - - - - - - - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - esce workpiece - MaterialTreatment - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - MaterialsProcessing - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 - - + + - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + GapEnergy + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - + + - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark @@ -4966,583 +4316,437 @@ This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quanti BlueQuark - - - - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - - - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - - - - - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator - - - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator - - - - - + + - + - Decays per unit time. - Radioactivity - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - + + - - + - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - + - + - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + RestMass + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant - - - - - - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - + + - - - - + - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + PositionVector + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - + + + - - + + - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Vector + 1DArray + LinearArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType - - - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - + + - - - + + - - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tessellation + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - + - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - + + - - + - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - - - - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DecayConstant + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + ElementaryParticle + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + Sintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + + + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + + + + + - + + - - - - - - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Icon - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + + + + + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - TechnologyProcess - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - + - + + @@ -5550,568 +4754,452 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + + + - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - + + - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - Peening - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming - - - - - - - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - + - + + - + - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzCoefficient - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - + + - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - + - + - - + - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - ElectricConductance - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - HeatTreatment - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Chronoamperometry + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + + + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - ProbeSampleInteraction - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + ICI + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - + + + + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - - + + - - - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - ModulusOfCompression - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedData + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Data + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + + - - + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - SurfaceMassDensity - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - - - - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - - + + + + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + + + - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - + + - + - + - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + SpecificVolume + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - ProgrammingLanguage - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + + + + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mass per length. - LinearMassDensity - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. - - - - - - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - - - - - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - Voltage - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - ElectricPotential - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - + + + - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + CoefficientOfFriction + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - + + - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - - - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - NonTemporalRole - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - - Presses - Presses - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - + + - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - SampleInspection - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + SquareWaveVoltammetry + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - - - + + - + - + @@ -6119,538 +5207,552 @@ field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - - - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - + - - - - + + + + - - - - SolidMixture - SolidMixture - + + + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - - - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Holistic + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - + - - + - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + PhaseDifference + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - + + - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Electric charge per volume. - ElectricChargeDensity - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Angle + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Gluing + Kleben + Gluing - - - - - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - Gyroradius - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - + + + - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - - - - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticRatio + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - + + + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + XrayDiffraction + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Data - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + + + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonNumber + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - - - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DeepDrawing + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - - - + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + TensileForming + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + - - + + - - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - IntentionalProcess - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - - - - + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + MaterialsModel + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - ThermochemicalTesting - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + ElectrochemicalTesting + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - + + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + + + - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - + + + + + + + + + + - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - + + - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - + + + - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - - - - - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating - - - - - - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Extent of a surface. - Area - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + KineticFrictionForce + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - + - + - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. @@ -6669,331 +5771,324 @@ Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected toget GasMixture - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - ElectricCharge - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + + + + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + - - - - - + + + + - - - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - + + + - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - - - - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + Mathematical + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + + + + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + Symbol + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - - - - - - - - - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - - - - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nailing + Nageln + Nailing - - - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - - StrippingVoltammetry - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Pressing + Anpressen + Pressing - - - - - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + PhysicalParticle + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - + - + - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + The inverse of length. + ReciprocalLength + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - + + + + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + AdditiveManufacturing + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + - + + - + - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticRatio - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - + + + + + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - SystemResource - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - + + + + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -7001,1009 +6096,1957 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Icon + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - - - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - + + - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - + + - - - - + + + + - - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + + + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + + + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - + + - - + - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + VolumicCrossSection + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - + + + + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + + - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - HardeningByRolling - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - + - - - - + + + + - - - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). - -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasSolution + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - + + - Heat capacity at constant volume. - IsochoricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - ElectrochemicalTesting - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + + + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - + - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit - - - - - - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalPath - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalStructure - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Index + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - SpecificVolume - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - + + + + + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + - + - + + - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + - + - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - + + + + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Procedure + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + TensileTesting + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + + + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + + + + + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + + + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + CharacterisationTechnique + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + + + + + + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricInductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + SpatioTemporalTile + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile + + + + + + + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + + + + + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + ReferenceSample + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSpecimen + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material + + + + + + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + + + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + AtomProbeTomography + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + + + + + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... + + + + + + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + + + + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + Role + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture + + + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + + + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalStructure + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Profilometry + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + SurfaceMassDensity + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + + + + + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity + + + + + + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark GreenAntiQuark - - - - - - + + + + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + + + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + Molality + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + Cementing + Cementing + + + + + + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + + + + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + NonEncodedData + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + WorkPiece + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + ManufacturedMaterial + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - WBoson - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + + + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 + + + + + + + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + + + + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + + + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Manufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + + + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + TechnologyProcess + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - + + + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + + + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Task + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - - + + + + + + - - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - + + + + + - - + + - - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - - - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - SamplePreparationParameter - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - - - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - CharacterisationTechnique - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. - - - - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - - - - - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + Constituent + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - + - - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + + + + + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. + +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + Existent + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - + A tessellation of temporal slices. Sequence Sequence A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - + + + - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - - + + + - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + WorkFunction + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - FractionUnit - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + + + + + + + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorisation + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Determination + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - + + + + + + + + + + + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + + + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + + + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8011,338 +8054,352 @@ Number of apples - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - - - - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + + + + + + + + + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - - - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - XrayDiffraction - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Drilling - Bohren - Drilling + + + + + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - - - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - Machining - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Simulation - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + + + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType + + + + + + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - - - - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - - + + + - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - - - - - - - - - - - - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - + + - - + - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - - - - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - - - - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - + + + - - + - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - + - - + - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricInductance - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - -A color is a nominal property. - -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + + + + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + Thermogravimetry + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + ThermochemicalTesting + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + Bending - + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + FlexuralForming + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming + + + @@ -8350,1697 +8407,1701 @@ Sex of a human being. - + - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - + + + + + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + FractionUnit + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + + + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 + + + - + - + - - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - - - - - - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + + + + + + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + + + + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - Existent - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - - - OpticalTesting - OpticalTesting + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - - - - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + + + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. - - - - - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardAmountConcentration - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - + + - - + - - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k - - - - - + - + - - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Task - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + Density + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + Mass per volume. + 4-2 + 9-10 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - + + + + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexPower + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + + - + - + - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - + + - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - WorkpieceForming - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator + + + + + + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - + + + - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + 9-6.2 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + + + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - - + + - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + + + + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Dilatometry - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - + + + - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + + + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - + + - - + - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + + + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - + + - - + + Δ - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + Laplacian + Laplacian - - - - - - - - - - - - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - - + + + - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + + + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - + + - - - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - - + - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - + + + - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - RestMass - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + + + + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + - - + + + - - - - - - 1 - - + + + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + SemioticObject + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Quantity - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Sawing - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + ElectronType + ElectronType - - - - Cementing - Cementing + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - - - - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + Organisation + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - + + - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + Voltage + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - + + + - - + - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 - - - - - - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Sample - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + ElectricPotential + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - - - - - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - - + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit + + + + + + + - - + + + + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + + + + + + - - + + - - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + SpecificActivity + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Procedure - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + ApplicationProgram + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - Mathematical - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - - + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceVoltage - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + + Person + Person - + + - - - + + + + + + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + ElectricCharge + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + + + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + - - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - - - - + + + - - + + - - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + An equation with variables can always be represented as: - - - - - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - - - - - - - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - + + + - - + + - - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + ProbeSampleInteraction + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - + + - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Probe + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding + + + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic + + + + + + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityDensity + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - - - + + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - - - - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeMassDensity - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - - - - + + - - + + - - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticFluxDensity - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + SamplePreparation + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProduct - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing - - + + - - + + 1 - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - - - - - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - Symbol - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + + + 1 + + + + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - + - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - + + + + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + - + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - - - + + + - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - + + + + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + + - - - + + - - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - ModulusOfElasticity - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Planing + Hobeln + Planing - - - + + + - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + + + + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - - - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - - - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - 9-6.2 + + + + + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - - - - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + + + Porosimetry + Porosimetry - - + + + + + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - PeriodDuration - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Electric charge per volume. + ElectricChargeDensity + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A constituent of a system. + Component + Component + A constituent of a system. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + @@ -10048,112 +10109,148 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea - + - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - TotalLinearStoppingPower - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. --- VIM - measuring instrument - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 + + + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. - -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - XrdGrazingIncidence + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. @@ -10177,841 +10274,715 @@ ISO 80000-1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - - - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - DigitalData - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - - - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DeepFreezing - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - - - - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Wavenumber - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - - - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - + + - - + - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType + + + + - - + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ModulusOfRigidity - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - + + - - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - + - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - - - - - - - + + - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - - - - - - - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + ProcessingReproducibility + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - + + - + - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProduct + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + + + + + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstant + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark - - - - - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Product - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - + + + + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + DigitalData + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + - + - + - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - DynamicViscosity - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - - - - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - + - + - + - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityDensity - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + + + + + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + RotationalDisplacement + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MixingRatio + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - + + - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + + + + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + CharacterisationTask - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - - + - + - - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - PhysicalParticle - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson - - - - - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - - - + + - - + + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - + + - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - Cleaning - - - - - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - - - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Foaming + Foaming - - - - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - + + + + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - - - - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - + + + - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - - - - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - - + - + - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + ModulusOfCompression + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - + - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Product + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + + + + + + + + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + IntentionalProcess + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - + + - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - Probe - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + StepChronopotentiometry + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + + + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + ChargeNumber + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - SampleExtraction - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricReactance - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon - - - - - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonNumber - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType + + + @@ -11019,519 +10990,308 @@ and so forth... - + - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. - - - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms - - - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid - - - - - - - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 - - - - - - - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - CoefficientOfFriction - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - - - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + Number of ions per volume. + IonNumberDensity + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Widening - Weiten - Widening + + + + + + + + + + + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - - + + + + + + + + + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - TensileForming - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming - - - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - + + - - + + - - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - Vector - 1DArray - LinearArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - SpatioTemporalTile - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType - - - - - - Person - Person - - - - - - - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit - - - - - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 - - - - - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - Viscometry - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Device + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + + + + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - SemioticObject - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - + + + + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on - - - - - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + Casting + Casting - - - + + + - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + ShearForming + Schubumformen + ShearForming - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + ReshapeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Forming + Umformen + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - + - + - - - - - - - + + - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - - - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - - - - - - - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - - - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - + - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit @@ -11558,480 +11318,374 @@ In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the ba https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. - - - + - - + + - - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - + + + - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - - - - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - + - - - - - - - - - - - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - ManufacturedMaterial - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - - - - + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - + + + - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - + + - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - PathLength - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CyclicVoltammetry + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - + - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + WBoson + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - + - - + + - + - Structural - Structural - + + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Fundamental + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - - - - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + MaximumEfficiency + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + + + + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationNumber + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + StrippingVoltammetry + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + + + + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - + - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - Diameter - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - + + - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - + @@ -12039,858 +11693,878 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - + - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + ElectricResistance + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - + - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + An integer number. + Integer + Integer + An integer number. - - + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A constituent of a system. - Component - Component - A constituent of a system. - - - - - - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - - - - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + + Determined + Determined - + + + + - - - 2 + + - - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - - - - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - - - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - - - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + Capacitance + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - Irradiate - Irradiate + + + + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - + - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - - + + - - + + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + + + + - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - Factory - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Simulation + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit + + + + - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularWaveNumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + - - + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - MolecularEntity - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + + + + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - + - - + + - - - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Holistic - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. + -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + + + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - Tempering - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - MetrologicalUncertainty - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - MaterialsModel - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - - - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LinearScanVoltammetry - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Device - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - - - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - + + + - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - + + + + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + - - + - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumeFlowRate - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit - - - - - - - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - + + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - IntermediateSample - IntermediateSample - - - - - - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + SamplePreparationParameter + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - - - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - + - - - - + + + 2 - - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit - - - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + + + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + + + + + + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + ManufacturedProduct + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - + + + - Flanging - Flanging + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - + + - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + MaterialsProcessing + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - - - - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + SampledDCPolarography + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - - - + + + - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + SeparateManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + CuttingManufacturing + Trennen + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - + @@ -12898,560 +12572,644 @@ Batch programming languages. - + - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + TemporalRole + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + Presses + Presses - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + DrawForming - - - - - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - - - + + + - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + + - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - + + + + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + + + + + + + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + + + + + + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - + - + - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - - - + + - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Cutting - Schneiden - Cutting + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + CoatingManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - - - - ChargeDistribution - ChargeDistribution + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - - + + - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - + + + + + - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - + - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + + SecondaryData + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - - - - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - - - - - - - - - - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + + + + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + + + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + WorkpieceManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + DiscreteManufacturing + Werkstücke + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + DynamicViscosity + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - + + + - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - - - - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedData - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + + + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Status + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - + + - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - + + - + - + - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Index - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + SystemResource + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - + @@ -13459,1327 +13217,1123 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - + + - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - + + + - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - LandeFactor - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath - - - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - JoinManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - Constituent - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + PathLength + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - + + - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - ZBoson - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - - - + + + - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseCoefficient + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricConductivity - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. - + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + + + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + Synchrotron + Synchrotron - + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding + + + + + + + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + + + + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Wavenumber + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - CharacterisationTask - CharacterisationTask - - - - - + + - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - + + - - + - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - SampledDCPolarography - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - ShearOrTorsionTesting +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - - - - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - 1 - - - + + - - - 2 + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - - - - - - - - - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - + - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - + + - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - - - - - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - - - - - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + + + + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + + - + - - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - - - + + + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark + + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + + + - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingResistance + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - - - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - + + + + + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Rolling - Walzen - Rolling - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - CompressiveForming - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - + + - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - - - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + - + - + - - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - - - - - - - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - - - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - + + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Quantity + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - + - - + + - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricFluxDensity - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - - - - - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Milling - Fräsen - Milling + + + + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - + + + - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingResistance - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - - + + - + - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - - + + - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricImpedance - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - + + - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - DrawForming + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - - - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - RamanSpectroscopy - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity - - - - - - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - + - + - + - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - StepChronopotentiometry - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - - - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + StandardUnit + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - - - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - - - - + + + - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - - - - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - + + + + - - + - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - ThermalInsulance - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - - - - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - IsobaricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - + + + + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + + - + - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + ElectricCurrentDensity + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - - - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Attenuation - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + + + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - + + - - - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - - - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - SparkErosion - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion - - - - - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + - - - - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Fundamental - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + + + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + + + + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning + Cleaning + -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + MassUnit + MassUnit - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. @@ -14805,66 +14359,79 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + + + + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + + + + + + + + + + + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + @@ -14872,956 +14439,1133 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom - + - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - + + + - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + + IntermediateSample + IntermediateSample + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - + + - - + + - - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + + + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - Bending + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Screwing + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - FlexuralForming - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - + - + - + - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ModulusOfRigidity + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - StandardModelParticle - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType + + + + + + + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit + + + + + + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + + + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - - - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - - - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - KineticFrictionForce - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Chronoamperometry - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - - - + + - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + LandeFactor + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - + - + - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - + + + + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) + + + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark + + + + - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - ACVoltammetry - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + Molecule + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + MolecularEntity + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - ApplicationProgram - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter + + + + + - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardAmountConcentration + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - - - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - - - - - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + HeatTreatment + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + + + + + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Decays per unit time. + Radioactivity + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + + + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeMassDensity + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - + + - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - UnitOne - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - + + - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - + - + - + - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. - - - + + + - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - + + + + - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + Array3D + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - - - - + + - - + + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - - - - - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - - - - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - WorkPiece - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + - + - + - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + + + + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + PeriodDuration + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + + + + + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + + + + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + + + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + + + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - WorkpieceManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - DiscreteManufacturing - Werkstücke - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - Density - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - Mass per volume. - 4-2 - 9-10 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + + + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - - - + + + - - - - + + + + + + - - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + + + + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - + + - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. + + + + + + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - - - - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + + + + + + + + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + - + - + - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. @@ -15848,133 +15592,149 @@ manufacturing: production of components https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - + + + - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Number + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. - - - - - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - - - + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NaturalProcess + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + HardwareModel + HardwareModel - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DeepDrawing - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - + - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit - + + + + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + Redundant + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - - - - - - = - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - Equals - The equals symbol. +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. @@ -15989,285 +15749,332 @@ manufacturing: production of components https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticMoment + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - + + + - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + + + + + + AntiTau + AntiTau + + + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - + + + - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupVelocity - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - + + - + - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - + + + + + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Attenuation + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + + + + AmountUnit + AmountUnit + -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + + + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - + - + - + - Number of ions per volume. - IonNumberDensity - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - + + - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + Product of force and displacement. + Work + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - + - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit @@ -16277,645 +16084,775 @@ Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world ParallelWorkflow - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - - - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + + + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - + - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - - - - - - - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasSolution - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - + + - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + NonTemporalRole + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - SpatioTemporalTessellation - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Pressing - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - RawData - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - Exponent - Exponent + + + + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + CommercialProduct + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - - - - - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - ReshapeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Forming - Umformen - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DegreeOfDissociation + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - - + + + - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - + + + + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FibDic + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - RotationalDisplacement - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - + + + - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - Angle - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - + - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + MathematicalFunction + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - + + + - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - GapEnergy - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + + Gathering + Gathering - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + + + + + + + + + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - + + - - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - CommercialProduct - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - + + - - + + - - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - TotalMassStoppingPower - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - + + + + + + + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - - - - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Atom + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + + + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - + - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + MetrologicalUncertainty + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + ObjectiveProperty + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - SecondaryData - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + + + + + + + + + + + + + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit - - - - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - + - + - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticMoment - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + + C + C - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - + + + + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + ProcedureUnit + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + + - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + SampleInspection + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - + + + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + SampleInspectionParameter + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle + + + + - + - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - VolumicTotalCrossSection - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - + + - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + Positron + Positron + + + + + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - Thermogravimetry - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + SampleExtraction + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + + + + - HardwareModel - HardwareModel + XrdGrazingIncidence + XrdGrazingIncidence - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - IonTransportNumber - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ThermalInsulance + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - + @@ -16923,184 +16860,203 @@ An Hamiltonian. - + - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - - - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - SeparateManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - CuttingManufacturing - Trennen - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + PureParallelWorkflow + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - + + + + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + Arrangement + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Planing - Hobeln - Planing +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - - - - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + + + + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - + + + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + + Painting + Painting + + + - - + - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - + - + - + - + - + @@ -17109,534 +17065,465 @@ An Hamiltonian. - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - ShearCutting - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - + + - - - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - - - - - - - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - PureParallelWorkflow - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - - + + - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - + + + + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + + - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - + + - - + - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - - - - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - SamplePreparationInstrument + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - XrayPowderDiffraction - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricFluxDensity + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - - - - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - CrystallineMaterial + + + + + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DynamicLightScattering + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - - - - - - - - + + - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + OpticalTesting + OpticalTesting - + - - - - - - - - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Program - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - - - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + + + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - + + + - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + + + + + + + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - - + + - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - - + + + - + - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - PositionVector - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + + + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct + + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - + + + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -17645,1178 +17532,1106 @@ However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. F - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseVelocity + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - - + + - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tessellation - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Sawing + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - + + + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation - +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + RamanSpectroscopy + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + + + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - - - - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - + - - - - + + + + + - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + + + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - + - - - - - - - - + - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - - - - - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + RawData + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + + + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - - - - - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsEnergy - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - - - - - - - + + - - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - + + + - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragCoefficient + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - - - - - - - - - + + - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - + + - - + - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - Molality - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - + + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - Determined - Determined - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle - - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - StandardUnit - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - FreeForming + + + + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + CrystallineMaterial - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - LengthUnit - LengthUnit - - - - - - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - - - - - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + MagneticReluctance + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + + + + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - - - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - + + + + Heat capacity at constant volume. + IsochoricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - - + + + + + + - - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + TotalMassStoppingPower + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - - - - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + VolumicTotalCrossSection + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + + Exponent + Exponent - - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Soldering - Löten - Soldering + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - - - - - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanDurationOfLife + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - + + + - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 + + + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + + + + + + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript + + + + + + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + - + - + - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DecayConstant - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + + + + + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - + + - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DynamicLightScattering - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - + + + - - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - - - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit - + + + + + + 1 + + + + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - + + + - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - - - - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CyclicVoltammetry - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - - - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - - - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + WorkpieceForming + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - - - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - NonEncodedData - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - + + - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - Capacitance - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + + + + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Homonuclear - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - Molecule - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Viscometry + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - - - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Drilling + Bohren + Drilling - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + + + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType + + + + - + - + - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - ProcessingReproducibility - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + + + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + PrimitiveForming + Urformen + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - - - - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - - - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + Calendering + Calendering - - - - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - AdditiveManufacturing - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 @@ -18825,32 +18640,53 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two LuminousEfficacyUnit - + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupVelocity + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + + - + - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 - - - - - - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. @@ -18866,73 +18702,113 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two 6-26.1 - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + + + + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - - - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + + + + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument - + @@ -18940,165 +18816,175 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - SpecificActivity - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - + + - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice - - - - - - - Positron - Positron + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - + + + - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - - - + + + - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - - - + + - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularWaveNumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Gluing - Kleben - Gluing + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - + - + - + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Mass per length. + LinearMassDensity + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - + + + + + + + + + + - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - PhaseOfMatter - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + + + + + + + + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boolean number. + Boolean + Boolean + A boolean number. @@ -19114,350 +19000,448 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + ProgrammingLanguage + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. - - - - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - + + + + - - + + - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorisation - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + ThermalCutting + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Ablation + Abtragen + Ablation + + + + + - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson + + + + + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 + + + + + - + - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionFactor + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - + + - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + InteractionVolume + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - Python - Python + + + + + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + + + + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + - + - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - - + + + - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularWavenumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. - + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + - + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - - + + + + + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + + + + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Screwing - Schrauben - Screwing + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - - - - - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - - - - - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - FormingBlasting - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - - - - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + FreeForming - - - - - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - + @@ -19465,519 +19449,444 @@ This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilati - + - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + ModulusOfElasticity + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + + + + + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + + + + + + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + + - - + - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FibDic - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + + + + + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + FormingBlasting + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - + + + + + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - + - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - + + - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - ReferenceSample - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSpecimen - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + PhaseOfMatter + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - - + + + + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + + + + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - - - - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - + - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - - - + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + + + + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngularMeasure + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + - - + + - - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - - - - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - + + + - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - AmountFraction - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - + - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - + + - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + Inverse of the impendance. + Admittance + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + + + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - + + + - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Width - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - - - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + + + + + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - - - - - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + + + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - + @@ -19985,1613 +19894,1495 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - - Synchrotron - Synchrotron + + + + + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - ElementaryParticle - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + + + + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - - - - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + + + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + XrayPowderDiffraction + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + - + - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - - - - - - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + + + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN + + + + - ∇ + = - Gradient - Gradient + The equals symbol. + Equals + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + + + + + + + + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Program + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - + - - + + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - + - An integer number. - Integer - Integer - An integer number. + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + AbsoluteHumidity + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - + + + + + - - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - + - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - - - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + + - - + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - - + + - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - + + - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - - - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - WorkFunction - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Soldering + Löten + Soldering - - + + - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - ProcedureUnit - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + DropForging + DropForging - - + + - + - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering - + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - + + + - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - - - - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - - - - - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark - - - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + + - - + - + - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering + + + + + + + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - - + + - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + Signal + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - + + + - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - CPlusPlus - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - + + - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - - + + + - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - + + - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - - + + + - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - + + - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceVoltage + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - - - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - + + - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nailing - Nageln - Nailing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HPPC - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + + + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - + + - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + OutlierRemoval + OutlierRemoval + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - - - + + + - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionFactor - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - - - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - - - - - DropForging - DropForging + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzCoefficient + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - - - - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + SparkErosion + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - - - - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - InternalEnergy - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + + + + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - - - - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - + - + - + - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumeFlowRate + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - Organisation - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HPPC + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - + + + - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsEnergy + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + RelativeVolumeStrain + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - + + - - + - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + + + + + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - + + + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark + + + + - - + - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - + + + + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + ComputerSystem + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + + + + + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - - - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + + + + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - HardwareManufacturer + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + + + + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - PrimitiveForming - Urformen - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - - + + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - - - Filling - Filling + + + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Matrix + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - + + - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - - - + + - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. - - - - - - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - + - + - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - - - - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - InteractionVolume - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - + + + - - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - - - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + + + + + + 2 + + + + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - MaximumEfficiency - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + + + + Python + Python - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - - - - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - - - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - ThreePointBendingTesting - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - - - - - - - - - - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - Array3D - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + + + + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - + - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NaturalProcess - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - + + - - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. @@ -21604,178 +21395,226 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + + + + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + Tempering + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - + + - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + Riveting + Riveting - - - - - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + + + + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + Gradient - - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + Factory + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - + + + + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IonMobilitySpectrometry - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - + + + + + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + Extent of a surface. + Area + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassUnit - MassUnit + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + + + + + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - RawSample - RawSample + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - - - + + - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - + @@ -21783,1534 +21622,1744 @@ Hartree-Fock. - + - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - - - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - - - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m - - - - - - - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - + + + - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes - - - - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Welding - Schweißen - Welding + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + InternalEnergy + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - + + + + + - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + IonTransportNumber + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - + + + + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. + + + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - - - - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + + + + - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexPower - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + + + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + + + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark + + + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Dismantling + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - + + + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + XpsVariableKinetic + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + + - - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - - - - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 - + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + + - - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - + + + + + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + + - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 + + + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + HardwareManufacturer + + + + + + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - - - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - + + - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - + - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - + + + + + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - + + + + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - + - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - + - + - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Moulding - Gesenkformen - Moulding + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + SampleInspectionInstrument + SampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - - - - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Width + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - - - - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Dismantling - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - + - - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseCoefficient - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - + + + + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + - + - + - - - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - - - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - + - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit - - - - - - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - + + - DrawForms - DrawForms + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark - - - - - - - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - + + - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Grinding + Schleifen + Grinding + + + - + - + - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 + + + + + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + + + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + + + + + + + + + + + + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit + -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + + + + + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + + + + + + + + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - + + - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + IsobaricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - - - - - - - - - - - - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Welding + Schweißen + Welding - - - - - - - - - - - - - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - VolumicCrossSection - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - + + - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OpenCircuitHold - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LinearScanVoltammetry + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - - - - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Widening + Weiten + Widening - - - - Inverse of the impendance. - Admittance - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, + -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded + -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - - + + - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - PhaseDifference - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - + + - - + + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Plus - Plus + + + + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + + + + + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - - - - + + + + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - + - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - - + + + + + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting + + + + - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Homonuclear + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + + + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - + + + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - + + - - * + + - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - + - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Grinding - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + + RawSample + RawSample - - - - - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - + + + - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + Extrusion + Extrusion - - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + + + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - + + + - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator + + + + + + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - + + + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - + + - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Dilatometry + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - - - - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - - - + + + - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - + + - - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - + + + + + + + + + + - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 - - - - - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - NuclearMagneticResonance - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - - - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NormalPulseVoltammetry - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - + + + + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + A real number. + Real + Real + A real number. + + + + + + + + + + + + - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 @@ -23333,443 +23382,346 @@ Resilience Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - - - - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanDurationOfLife - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + + + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IonMobilitySpectrometry + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - + + + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + ThreePointBendingTesting + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - - - + + + - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - CharacterisationComponent + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 - - - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - MeasurementParameterAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + + + + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark + + + + + + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + + + + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - Painting - Painting + + + + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + + + + + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit - - - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - - - - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit - - - - - - Assigned - Assigned + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - + + - Electroplating - Electroplating + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - + + - Riveting - Riveting - - - - - - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - - - - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - ChargeNumber - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - - - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - - - - - - - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + Assigned + Assigned - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - - - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - - - C - C + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - + + - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging + DippingForms + DippingForms - - - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - + + @@ -23778,604 +23730,655 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - + + + + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + - - + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + + + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - + + + - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - Minus + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial - - - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - ICI - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + + + + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationNumber - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle + + + + + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - ShearForming - Schubumformen - ShearForming + + + + + ChargeDistribution + ChargeDistribution - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - + - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - XpsVariableKinetic - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + NuclearMagneticResonance + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - + + - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - - + + + + + CharacterisationComponent + CharacterisationComponent + + + + + + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + + - Product of force and displacement. - Work - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - MathematicalFunction - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Cutting + Schneiden + Cutting - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + + + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit + -The definition of density as mass/volume. + + + + + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + -y = f(x) + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - - + + - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - + + + + + - - + + - - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - Matrix - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - + + - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment + + + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication + + + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseVelocity - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. - - + + - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - Profilometry - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - - + + + - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - - + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + Gyroradius + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + + + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - Letter - Letter + + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast - - - - - + + - - + + * - - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + Multiplication + Multiplication - - + - - - - - - - - + - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - - + + - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DeepFreezing + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - + + + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + + + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + + + + - - - - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + + + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - - - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - + + + - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngularMeasure - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - - - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - + @@ -24385,709 +24388,699 @@ where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a v - - - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + + + + + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - - - - - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - + + - SandMolds - SandMolds + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - - - - - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + + + Ruby + Ruby - + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp + + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragCoefficient - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DegreeOfDissociation - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - ComputerSystem - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + + + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - + + + - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + + + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NormalPulseVoltammetry + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + + + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - + + + - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - + + + + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OpenCircuitHold + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + - + - + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - + + + - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - RelativeVolumeStrain - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - + + + + Flanging + Flanging + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - + + - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + ShearCutting + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation - - - + + + - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - + + + - - + - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - - - - - - - - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - - - - + + + - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - - - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - - + + - - SampleInspectionInstrument - SampleInspectionInstrument + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - - + + + - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - Numeral - Numeral + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MixingRatio - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - + - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + CPlusPlus + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + + + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + ACVoltammetry + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - + + - Folding - Folding + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - + + + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + + + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity + + + - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - - - Spacing - Spacing - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - + + - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering - - - - - - - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - + + + + + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + - + - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - + + + + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + + + Minus + Minus @@ -25097,141 +25090,112 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit + + + + + + + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit - - - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 - - - - - - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - - - - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - + - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - - - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - + + - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + Diameter + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter @@ -25247,94 +25211,106 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur Division - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + + + + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - - - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - - + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - - - - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting - - - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + Plus + Plus - - + + - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - - - + + + - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - + - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit + + + + + + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + + + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + + + Java + Java @@ -25344,363 +25320,392 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur Molds - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - + + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 + + + + + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + + + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + Filling + Filling - + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - + + + + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - + - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + + + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + + + + Letter + Letter + + + + + + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering + + + + + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A real number. - Real - Real - A real number. + + + + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + ZBoson + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + + + + Folding + Folding - - - - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds + + + + + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark + + + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit - - - - - - Java - Java + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - - - - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + + + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - + + - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - - - - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - + + + + Numeral + Numeral + + + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - - - - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - - - Daniele Toti - Daniele Toti - Daniele Toti - + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit + @@ -25720,6 +25725,15 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur Pierluigi Del Nostro + + + + + Daniele Toti + Daniele Toti + Daniele Toti + + @@ -25756,7 +25770,7 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - 3 + 1 @@ -25764,11 +25778,11 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - 1 + 1 - 1 + 3 @@ -25784,11 +25798,11 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - 1 + 2 - 1 + 4 @@ -25800,11 +25814,11 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - 1 + 1 - 4 + 1 @@ -25812,229 +25826,96 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - 2 + 1 - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for parthood. - - - - - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - - - - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - - - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - - - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - + - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - + - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - - - - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - - - - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - - - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - ISO 14034:2016-11 + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - - Verfestigen durch Umformen - DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 @@ -26042,7 +25923,7 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - + @@ -26054,61 +25935,41 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - - - + + + - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - ISO 4885:2018-02 - - - - - - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - - - - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - - - - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - - - - - - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - + + @@ -26117,17 +25978,38 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - + + - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + + @@ -26171,55 +26053,29 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - - - - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - @@ -26236,7 +26092,7 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - + @@ -26244,71 +26100,130 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - - - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - + - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - + - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - + - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + + + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + + + + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + + - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + + + + + + Verfestigen durch Umformen + DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Implementation of equality based on mereology. + + - + - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - - - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 @@ -26318,96 +26233,70 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powderDIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - - - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology @@ -26423,97 +26312,115 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - + - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - DIN 8587:2003-09 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - + - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - + + - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + + - - + + - Implementation of equality based on mereology. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + DIN 8588:2013-08 + + + + + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + + - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). @@ -26524,129 +26431,130 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + + + + + + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + ISO 4885:2018-02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - + - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - Object that is processed with a machine - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + + + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - DIN 8586:2003-09 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. @@ -26662,95 +26570,132 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + + + + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + + + + - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + + - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + + - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - + - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + EN 16603-11:2019-11 - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). @@ -26761,86 +26706,91 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - + - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - DIN 55405:2014-12 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - + - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - + - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + + + + - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - EN 16603-11:2019-11 + + + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - - + + - + + @@ -26849,50 +26799,52 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + - + - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - - - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) @@ -26903,24 +26855,71 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + DIN 55405:2014-12 + + + + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). @@ -26928,7 +26927,7 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + @@ -26937,7 +26936,7 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + @@ -26950,7 +26949,7 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + @@ -26961,55 +26960,96 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - + - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - + - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - + - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 @@ -27026,52 +27066,59 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - + - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - + - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + + - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - DIN 8580:2022-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - + - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). @@ -27082,129 +27129,69 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - - - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - - - - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - + - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - - - - - - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - + - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + ISO 13574:2015-02 - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - - - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + + + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - DIN 8586:2003-09 + + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - - + + ElementaryParticle From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - - - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - - - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - @@ -27213,52 +27200,47 @@ manufacturing: production of components - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). + + + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - + - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. @@ -27266,196 +27248,228 @@ manufacturing: production of components - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + Transitivity for parthood. - + - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - + - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + + + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - + + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + + - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - ISO 13574:2015-02 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - + - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + + + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + ISO 14034:2016-11 - - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - + - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - - - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + + + Object that is processed with a machine + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + + + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl index cee41e5..394da1a 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.ttl +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -2083,6 +2083,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasCharacterisationInput :hasCharacterisationInput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedure ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationData ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationInput"@en ; @@ -2105,6 +2107,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasCharacterisationOutput :hasCharacterisationOutput rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedure ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationData ; rdfs:comment "" ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationOutput"@en ; @@ -4055,7 +4059,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_0e0ee94d_70be_4b7e_afcc_320e62a94974 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; @@ -4299,7 +4303,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ] ; rdfs:comment "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Determination"@en ; skos:altLabel "Characterisation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Determination"@en ; @@ -4503,7 +4507,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 , ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; @@ -5195,7 +5199,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observed"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observed"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person met by the author."@en . @@ -5210,7 +5214,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en . @@ -5517,7 +5521,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1eb6b28e_f260_4f04_ada1_19c6dcb668d9 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -5711,7 +5715,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en , """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:label "MolecularEntity"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalEntity"@en ; @@ -6061,7 +6065,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Subjective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; @@ -6576,7 +6580,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Objective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -6936,7 +6940,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a" ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile" ; skos:altLabel "WellFormedTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatioTemporalTile" ; @@ -7163,7 +7167,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -7442,7 +7446,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; rdfs:comment "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en , "A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Description"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Description"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en ; @@ -7527,7 +7531,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en , "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Arrangement"@en ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -7663,7 +7667,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 rdf:type owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -7932,7 +7936,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en . @@ -8408,7 +8412,7 @@ Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantu Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions."""@en , "The class of entities without proper parts."@en , "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Quantum"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. @@ -8596,7 +8600,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; @@ -8788,7 +8792,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Process"@en ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en , "Perdurant"@en ; @@ -9078,7 +9082,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en , "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en , "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en , "Work"@en ; @@ -9329,7 +9333,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en , """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Perspective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -9409,7 +9413,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -9467,7 +9471,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 , ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -9939,7 +9943,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_501f9b3a_c469_48f7_9281_2e6a8d805d7a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -10123,7 +10127,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en , "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -10699,7 +10703,7 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . @@ -11001,7 +11005,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Matter"@en ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en ; @@ -11733,7 +11737,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en , "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en . @@ -12395,7 +12399,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14347,7 +14351,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ffe760a2_9d1f_4aef_8bee_1f450f9cb00d ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en , "The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "MathematicalFormula"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en . @@ -14511,7 +14515,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatialTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en . @@ -14537,7 +14541,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en , "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; @@ -14642,7 +14646,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . @@ -14754,7 +14758,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15166,7 +15170,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en , "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Object"@en ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en , "Endurant"@en ; @@ -15359,7 +15363,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -15855,7 +15859,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> \"T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0\" - TimeUnit <=> \"T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0\" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> \"T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SIDimensionalUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SIDimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI)."@en ; @@ -15933,7 +15937,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Tile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en . @@ -16004,7 +16008,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 rdf:type owl:Class ; ### https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_7286b164_df4c_4c14_a4b5_d41ad9c121f3 ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -16105,7 +16109,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bc6da11_528a_44e8_bd9e_c4154eae7e55 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -16212,7 +16216,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9d8f708a_f291_4d72_80ec_362c6e6bbca6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -17099,7 +17103,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_aa7397ff_2815_434e_9b99_e4c6a80e034e rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -18193,7 +18197,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b94b3748_71c5_4de9_95e7_42586c3ed607 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -18292,7 +18296,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ] ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; skos:altLabel "Project"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IntentionalProcess"@en ; @@ -18366,7 +18370,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Substance"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . @@ -18854,7 +18858,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en , "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FractionUnit"@en ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19023,7 +19027,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en , "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalStructure"@en ; skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ; @@ -19139,7 +19143,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An icon that focusing WHAT the object does."@en , "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en , "This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FunctionalIcon"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FunctionalIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en ; @@ -19477,7 +19481,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ca54593a_6828_491b_8fda_22b0ad85e446 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -19589,7 +19593,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a rdf:type owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionalUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; @@ -20360,7 +20364,7 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en , (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Icon"@en ; skos:altLabel "Model"@en , "Simulacrum"@en ; @@ -21491,7 +21495,7 @@ f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en , "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Equation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Equation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; @@ -21661,7 +21665,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac rdf:type owl:Class ; ) ; rdfs:comment "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en , "A non-path causal structure"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; @@ -21987,7 +21991,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ea47add2_8e93_4659_a5f0_e6879032dee0 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -22111,7 +22115,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en , "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Atom"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalElement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en ; @@ -22395,7 +22399,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ed7dd267_e2ee_4565_8117_e5c1eafa3e66 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -23064,7 +23068,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en . @@ -23207,7 +23211,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -23315,7 +23319,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -23549,7 +23553,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc86c700_ccea_441c_b628_ad236f030fe6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; @@ -25649,6 +25653,17 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg)."@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OutlierRemoval +:OutlierRemoval rdf:type owl:Class ; + rdfs:subClassOf :DataFiltering ; + rdfs:comment "Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses."@en , + "" ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:label "OutlierRemoval" ; + skos:prefLabel "OutlierRemoval" ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses."@en . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Microscopy ; @@ -26555,13 +26570,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique."@en . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26573,34 +26588,34 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . ################################################################# diff --git a/chameo.html b/chameo.html index 54eaead..4b28942 100644 --- a/chameo.html +++ b/chameo.html @@ -48,6 +48,18 @@

ACVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + + + Comment + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + + Comment + + Elucidation voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp @@ -64,18 +76,6 @@

ACVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - - - Comment - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 @@ -103,20 +103,20 @@

AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Comment - + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Label @@ -140,6 +140,10 @@

AccessConditionsAnnotations + + Comment + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + Elucidation Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment @@ -148,10 +152,6 @@

AccessConditionsPreflabel AccessConditions - - Comment - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - Example In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? @@ -178,6 +178,14 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). @@ -194,14 +202,6 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - Label AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -224,6 +224,10 @@

AlphaSpectrometryAnnotations + + Comment + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + Elucidation Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. @@ -232,10 +236,6 @@

AlphaSpectrometryPreflabel AlphaSpectrometry - - Comment - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - Label AlphaSpectrometry @@ -258,6 +258,14 @@

AmperometryAnnotations + + Comment + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + + + Comment + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Elucidation The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. @@ -270,14 +278,6 @@

AmperometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - - - Comment - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Label Amperometry @@ -300,6 +300,10 @@

AnalyticalElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + Elucidation Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. @@ -308,10 +312,6 @@

AnalyticalElectronMicroscopyPreflabel AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - - Comment - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - Label AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy @@ -334,6 +334,10 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. @@ -346,10 +350,6 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 @@ -376,6 +376,10 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAnnotations + + Comment + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Elucidation Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. @@ -392,10 +396,6 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAltlabel APT - - Comment - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -418,6 +418,10 @@

AtomicForceMicroscopy Annotations + + Comment + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + Elucidation Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. @@ -426,10 +430,6 @@

AtomicForceMicroscopyPreflabel AtomicForceMicroscopy - - Comment - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - Label AtomicForceMicroscopy @@ -478,6 +478,10 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAnnotations + + Comment + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Elucidation A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface @@ -490,10 +494,6 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAltlabel BET - - Comment - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 @@ -524,6 +524,10 @@

CalibrationDataAnnotations + + Comment + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Elucidation Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. @@ -532,10 +536,6 @@

CalibrationDataPreflabel CalibrationData - - Comment - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - Label CalibrationData @@ -558,6 +558,10 @@

CalibrationDataPostProcessingAnnotations + + Comment + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Elucidation Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. @@ -566,10 +570,6 @@

CalibrationDataPostProcessingPreflabel CalibrationDataPostProcessing - - Comment - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - Label CalibrationDataPostProcessing @@ -592,14 +592,6 @@

CalibrationProcessAnnotations - - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - - - Preflabel - CalibrationProcess - Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. @@ -616,6 +608,14 @@

CalibrationProcessComment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + + + Preflabel + CalibrationProcess + Definition Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -654,6 +654,10 @@

CalibrationTaskAnnotations + + Comment + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + Elucidation Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -662,10 +666,6 @@

CalibrationTaskPreflabel CalibrationTask - - Comment - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - Label CalibrationTask @@ -692,6 +692,10 @@

CalorimetryAnnotations + + Comment + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Elucidation In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. @@ -700,10 +704,6 @@

CalorimetryPreflabel Calorimetry - - Comment - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Label Calorimetry @@ -726,6 +726,10 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. @@ -742,10 +746,6 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 @@ -772,14 +772,14 @@

CharacterisationComponentAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationComponent - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationComponent + Label CharacterisationComponent @@ -802,6 +802,10 @@

CharacterisationData Annotations + + Comment + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + Elucidation Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process @@ -810,10 +814,6 @@

CharacterisationDataPreflabel CharacterisationData - - Comment - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - Label CharacterisationData @@ -836,6 +836,10 @@

CharacterisationDataValidationAnnotations + + Comment + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + Elucidation Procedure to validate the characterisation data. @@ -844,10 +848,6 @@

CharacterisationDataValidationPreflabel CharacterisationDataValidation - - Comment - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - Label CharacterisationDataValidation @@ -870,14 +870,6 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations - - Elucidation - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment - Comment Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. @@ -890,6 +882,14 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentComment Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + Elucidation + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment + Label CharacterisationEnvironment @@ -920,14 +920,14 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + Label CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -951,21 +951,21 @@

CharacterisationExperimentAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment - Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - Comment + Elucidation A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment + Label CharacterisationExperiment @@ -988,6 +988,10 @@

CharacterisationHardwareAnnotations + + Comment + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + Elucidation Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. @@ -996,10 +1000,6 @@

CharacterisationHardwarePreflabel CharacterisationHardware - - Comment - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - Label CharacterisationHardware @@ -1022,14 +1022,14 @@

CharacterisationHardwareSpecificationAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + Label CharacterisationHardwareSpecification @@ -1052,14 +1052,6 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations - - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Comment Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1068,6 +1060,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentComment The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Definition Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1118,14 +1118,6 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessAnnotations - - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Comment Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1134,6 +1126,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessComment The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Definition Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1188,6 +1188,10 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementTaskAnnotations + + Comment + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + Elucidation Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -1196,10 +1200,6 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementTaskPreflabel CharacterisationMeasurementTask - - Comment - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - Label CharacterisationMeasurementTask @@ -1226,14 +1226,6 @@

CharacterisationProcedureAnnotations - - Elucidation - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure - Comment Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. @@ -1246,6 +1238,14 @@

CharacterisationProcedureComment The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + Elucidation + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure + Example Sample preparation
Sample inspection
Calibration
Microscopy
Viscometry
Data sampling @@ -1272,6 +1272,10 @@

CharacterisationProcedureValidationAnnotations + + Comment + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + Elucidation Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. @@ -1280,10 +1284,6 @@

CharacterisationProcedureValidationPreflabel CharacterisationProcedureValidation - - Comment - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - Label CharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -1306,6 +1306,10 @@

CharacterisationPropertyAnnotations + + Comment + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + Elucidation The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). @@ -1314,10 +1318,6 @@

CharacterisationPropertyPreflabel CharacterisationProperty - - Comment - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - Label CharacterisationProperty @@ -1344,6 +1344,10 @@

CharacterisationProtocolAnnotations + + Comment + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + Elucidation A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. @@ -1352,10 +1356,6 @@

CharacterisationProtocolPreflabel CharacterisationProtocol - - Comment - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - Label CharacterisationProtocol @@ -1378,6 +1378,10 @@

CharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations + + Comment + A software application to process characterisation data + Elucidation A software application to process characterisation data @@ -1386,10 +1390,6 @@

CharacterisationSoftwarePreflabel CharacterisationSoftware - - Comment - A software application to process characterisation data - Example In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. @@ -1417,20 +1417,20 @@

CharacterisationSystemAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Preflabel - CharacterisationSystem + Comment + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Comment + Elucidation A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Comment - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Preflabel + CharacterisationSystem Definition @@ -1470,14 +1470,14 @@

CharacterisationTask Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationTask - Comment + + Preflabel + CharacterisationTask + Label CharacterisationTask @@ -1512,6 +1512,18 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAnnotations + + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + Comment + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + + + Comment + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + Elucidation The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). @@ -1528,18 +1540,6 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAltlabel Characterisation technique - - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - Comment - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - - Comment - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1562,6 +1562,10 @@

CharacterisationWorkflowAnnotations + + Comment + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + Elucidation A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. @@ -1570,10 +1574,6 @@

CharacterisationWorkflowPreflabel CharacterisationWorkflow - - Comment - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - Label CharacterisationWorkflow @@ -1608,6 +1608,10 @@

CharacterisedSampleAnnotations + + Comment + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + Elucidation The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process @@ -1616,10 +1620,6 @@

CharacterisedSamplePreflabel CharacterisedSample - - Comment - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - Label CharacterisedSample @@ -1642,14 +1642,14 @@

ChargeDistributionAnnotations - - Preflabel - ChargeDistribution - Comment + + Preflabel + ChargeDistribution + Label ChargeDistribution @@ -1672,6 +1672,10 @@

ChromatographyAnnotations + + Comment + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. @@ -1680,10 +1684,6 @@

ChromatographyPreflabel Chromatography - - Comment - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography @@ -1710,6 +1710,10 @@

ChronoamperometryAnnotations + + Comment + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Elucidation Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. @@ -1730,10 +1734,6 @@

ChronoamperometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Label Chronoamperometry @@ -1756,6 +1756,10 @@

ChronocoulometryAnnotations + + Comment + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Elucidation Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. @@ -1768,10 +1772,6 @@

ChronocoulometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Label Chronocoulometry @@ -1794,6 +1794,10 @@

ChronopotentiometryAnnotations + + Comment + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Elucidation Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. @@ -1806,10 +1810,6 @@

ChronopotentiometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Label Chronopotentiometry @@ -1832,6 +1832,10 @@

CompressionTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Elucidation Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. @@ -1840,10 +1844,6 @@

CompressionTestingPreflabel CompressionTesting - - Comment - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - Label CompressionTesting @@ -1866,6 +1866,10 @@

ConductometricTitration Annotations + + Comment + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Elucidation Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. @@ -1878,10 +1882,6 @@

ConductometricTitrationIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 @@ -1908,6 +1908,10 @@

ConductometryAnnotations + + Comment + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Elucidation Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. @@ -1920,10 +1924,6 @@

ConductometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 @@ -1958,6 +1958,10 @@

ConfocalMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + Elucidation Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. @@ -1966,10 +1970,6 @@

ConfocalMicroscopyPreflabel ConfocalMicroscopy - - Comment - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - Label ConfocalMicroscopy @@ -1992,6 +1992,10 @@

CoulometricTitration Annotations + + Comment + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + Elucidation Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. @@ -2000,10 +2004,6 @@

CoulometricTitrationPreflabel CoulometricTitration - - Comment - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - Label CoulometricTitration @@ -2026,6 +2026,10 @@

CoulometryAnnotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). @@ -2038,10 +2042,6 @@

CoulometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 @@ -2076,6 +2076,10 @@

CreepTestingAnnotations + + Comment + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + Elucidation The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. @@ -2084,10 +2088,6 @@

CreepTestingPreflabel CreepTesting - - Comment - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - Label CreepTesting @@ -2110,14 +2110,14 @@

CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatographyAnnotations - - Preflabel - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - Comment + + Preflabel + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + Label CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography @@ -2140,6 +2140,10 @@

CyclicChronopotentiometryAnnotations + + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2152,10 +2156,6 @@

CyclicChronopotentiometryPreflabel CyclicChronopotentiometry - - Comment - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - Label CyclicChronopotentiometry @@ -2178,10 +2178,18 @@

CyclicVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2194,18 +2202,10 @@

CyclicVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry @@ -2232,6 +2232,10 @@

DCPolarographyAnnotations + + Comment + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + Elucidation Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. @@ -2244,10 +2248,6 @@

DCPolarographyIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - Label DCPolarography @@ -2270,6 +2270,10 @@

DataAcquisitionRateAnnotations + + Comment + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + Elucidation Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. @@ -2278,10 +2282,6 @@

DataAcquisitionRatePreflabel DataAcquisitionRate - - Comment - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - Label DataAcquisitionRate @@ -2304,6 +2304,10 @@

DataAnalysisAnnotations + + Comment + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + Elucidation Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. @@ -2312,10 +2316,6 @@

DataAnalysisPreflabel DataAnalysis - - Comment - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - Label DataAnalysis @@ -2338,6 +2338,10 @@

DataFilteringAnnotations + + Comment + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Elucidation Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. @@ -2346,10 +2350,6 @@

DataFilteringPreflabel DataFiltering - - Comment - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - Label DataFiltering @@ -2373,24 +2373,24 @@

DataNormalisationAnnotations - Elucidation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + Comment + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Preflabel - DataNormalisation + Comment + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. Comment It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - Comment + Elucidation Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - Comment - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + Preflabel + DataNormalisation Label @@ -2414,6 +2414,10 @@

DataPostProcessingAnnotations + + Comment + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + Elucidation Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. @@ -2422,10 +2426,6 @@

DataPostProcessingPreflabel DataPostProcessing - - Comment - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - Label DataPostProcessing @@ -2448,6 +2448,10 @@

DataPreparationAnnotations + + Comment + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + Elucidation Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. @@ -2456,10 +2460,6 @@

DataPreparationPreflabel DataPreparation - - Comment - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - Label DataPreparation @@ -2482,6 +2482,10 @@

DataProcessingThroughCalibrationAnnotations + + Comment + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + Elucidation Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. @@ -2490,10 +2494,6 @@

DataProcessingThroughCalibrationPreflabel DataProcessingThroughCalibration - - Comment - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - Label DataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -2516,6 +2516,10 @@

DataQualityAnnotations + + Comment + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Elucidation Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. @@ -2524,10 +2528,6 @@

DataQualityPreflabel DataQuality - - Comment - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) @@ -2554,6 +2554,10 @@

Detector Annotations + + Comment + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Elucidation Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. @@ -2562,10 +2566,6 @@

Detector Preflabel Detector - - Comment - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Example Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM @@ -2596,6 +2596,10 @@

DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + Elucidation Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. @@ -2604,10 +2608,6 @@

DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopyPreflabel DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - - Comment - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - Label DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -2630,6 +2630,10 @@

DielectrometryAnnotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. @@ -2642,10 +2646,6 @@

DielectrometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Label Dielectrometry @@ -2668,6 +2668,10 @@

DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. @@ -2676,10 +2680,6 @@

DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetryPreflabel DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - - Comment - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - Label DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry @@ -2702,6 +2702,10 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. @@ -2718,10 +2722,6 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 @@ -2752,14 +2752,14 @@

DifferentialRefractiveIndexAnnotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - Comment + + Preflabel + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + Label DifferentialRefractiveIndex @@ -2782,6 +2782,10 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Elucidation Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. @@ -2794,10 +2798,6 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAltlabel DSC - - Comment - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -2820,6 +2820,10 @@

DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetryAnnotations + + Comment + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. @@ -2828,10 +2832,6 @@

DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetryPreflabel DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - - Comment - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - Label DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry @@ -2854,6 +2854,10 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAnnotations + + Comment + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Elucidation Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. @@ -2866,10 +2870,6 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAltlabel DTA - - Comment - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -2892,6 +2892,10 @@

DilatometryAnnotations + + Comment + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Elucidation Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. @@ -2900,10 +2904,6 @@

DilatometryPreflabel Dilatometry - - Comment - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Label Dilatometry @@ -2926,6 +2926,10 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrentAnnotations + + Comment + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + Elucidation Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. @@ -2934,10 +2938,6 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrentPreflabel DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - - Comment - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent @@ -2960,6 +2960,14 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialAnnotations + + Comment + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + + + Comment + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -2976,14 +2984,6 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - - - Comment - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - Label DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential @@ -3006,6 +3006,10 @@

DirectCurrentInternalResistanceAnnotations + + Comment + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + Elucidation Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. @@ -3014,10 +3018,6 @@

DirectCurrentInternalResistancePreflabel DirectCurrentInternalResistance - - Comment - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - Label DirectCurrentInternalResistance @@ -3040,6 +3040,10 @@

DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Comment + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Elucidation Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). @@ -3052,10 +3056,6 @@

DynamicLightScatteringAltlabel DLS - - Comment - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3078,6 +3078,10 @@

DynamicMechanicalAnalysisAnnotations + + Comment + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + Elucidation Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. @@ -3086,10 +3090,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalAnalysisPreflabel DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - - Comment - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - Label DynamicMechanicalAnalysis @@ -3112,6 +3112,10 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Elucidation Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. @@ -3124,10 +3128,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAltlabel DMA - - Comment - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3150,6 +3150,10 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Elucidation Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. @@ -3166,10 +3170,6 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 @@ -3196,6 +3196,10 @@

ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + Elucidation Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. @@ -3208,10 +3212,6 @@

ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Label ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry @@ -3235,20 +3235,20 @@

ElectrochemicalTestingAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + + + Comment In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting - - - Comment - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + Elucidation + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - Comment - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting Label @@ -3272,6 +3272,10 @@

ElectrogravimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. @@ -3284,10 +3288,6 @@

ElectrogravimetryPreflabel Electrogravimetry - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 @@ -3322,6 +3322,10 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAnnotations + + Comment + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Elucidation Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. @@ -3334,10 +3338,6 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAltlabel EBSD - - Comment - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3364,6 +3364,10 @@

ElectronProbeMicroanalysisAnnotations + + Comment + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + Elucidation Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. @@ -3372,10 +3376,6 @@

ElectronProbeMicroanalysisPreflabel ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - - Comment - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - Label ElectronProbeMicroanalysis @@ -3398,6 +3398,10 @@

EllipsometryAnnotations + + Comment + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Elucidation Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. @@ -3406,10 +3410,6 @@

EllipsometryPreflabel Ellipsometry - - Comment - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Label Ellipsometry @@ -3432,6 +3432,10 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Elucidation An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. @@ -3448,10 +3452,6 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAltlabel EDX - - Comment - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 @@ -3482,6 +3482,10 @@

EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Elucidation The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. @@ -3490,10 +3494,6 @@

EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopyPreflabel EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - - Comment - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - Label EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3516,6 +3516,10 @@

Exafs Annotations + + Comment + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Elucidation Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. @@ -3524,10 +3528,6 @@

Exafs Preflabel Exafs - - Comment - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Label Exafs @@ -3550,6 +3550,10 @@

FatigueTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + Elucidation Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. @@ -3558,10 +3562,6 @@

FatigueTestingPreflabel FatigueTesting - - Comment - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - Label FatigueTesting @@ -3584,6 +3584,10 @@

FibDic Annotations + + Comment + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Elucidation The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). @@ -3596,10 +3600,6 @@

FibDicAltlabel FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - - Comment - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - Label FibDic @@ -3622,6 +3622,10 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Elucidation Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. @@ -3634,10 +3638,6 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAltlabel FE-SEM - - Comment - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3660,6 +3660,10 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Elucidation A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas @@ -3672,10 +3676,6 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAltlabel FTIR - - Comment - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 @@ -3706,6 +3706,10 @@

FractographyAnnotations + + Comment + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Elucidation Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. @@ -3714,10 +3718,6 @@

FractographyPreflabel Fractography - - Comment - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Label Fractography @@ -3740,6 +3740,10 @@

FreezingPointDepressionOsmometryAnnotations + + Comment + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + Elucidation The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. @@ -3748,10 +3752,6 @@

FreezingPointDepressionOsmometryPreflabel FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - - Comment - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - Label FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry @@ -3774,6 +3774,10 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAnnotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. @@ -3786,10 +3790,6 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAltlabel GITT - - Comment - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -3816,6 +3816,10 @@

GammaSpectrometryAnnotations + + Comment + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + Elucidation Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. @@ -3824,10 +3828,6 @@

GammaSpectrometryPreflabel GammaSpectrometry - - Comment - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - Label GammaSpectrometry @@ -3850,6 +3850,10 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Elucidation Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. @@ -3862,10 +3866,6 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAltlabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - - Comment - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -3888,6 +3888,10 @@

Grinding Annotations + + Comment + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. @@ -3896,10 +3900,6 @@

Grinding Preflabel Grinding - - Comment - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Label Grinding @@ -3922,6 +3922,10 @@

HPPC Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. @@ -3938,10 +3942,6 @@

HPPCAltlabel HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - Label HPPC @@ -3964,6 +3964,10 @@

HardnessTestingAnnotations + + Comment + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + Elucidation A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. @@ -3972,10 +3976,6 @@

HardnessTestingPreflabel HardnessTesting - - Comment - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - Label HardnessTesting @@ -3999,14 +3999,14 @@

HardwareManufacturer Annotations - - Preflabel - HardwareManufacturer - Comment + + Preflabel + HardwareManufacturer + Label HardwareManufacturer @@ -4030,14 +4030,14 @@

HardwareModelAnnotations - - Preflabel - HardwareModel - Comment + + Preflabel + HardwareModel + Label HardwareModel @@ -4060,6 +4060,10 @@

Hazard Annotations + + Comment + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Elucidation Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. @@ -4068,10 +4072,6 @@

HazardPreflabel Hazard - - Comment - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Label Hazard @@ -4094,6 +4094,10 @@

Holder Annotations + + Comment + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Elucidation An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. @@ -4102,10 +4106,6 @@

HolderPreflabel Holder - - Comment - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Label Holder @@ -4128,6 +4128,10 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Elucidation Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). @@ -4140,10 +4144,6 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 @@ -4174,6 +4174,10 @@

ICI

Annotations + + Comment + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Elucidation Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. @@ -4186,10 +4190,6 @@

ICI

Altlabel IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - - Comment - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - Label ICI @@ -4212,6 +4212,10 @@

ImpedimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Elucidation Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. @@ -4224,10 +4228,6 @@

ImpedimetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Label Impedimetry @@ -4250,14 +4250,6 @@

InteractionVolumeAnnotations - - Elucidation - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - - - Preflabel - InteractionVolume - Comment In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. @@ -4274,6 +4266,14 @@

InteractionVolumeComment The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + Elucidation + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + + + Preflabel + InteractionVolume + Example In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). @@ -4300,14 +4300,14 @@

IntermediateSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - IntermediateSample - Comment + + Preflabel + IntermediateSample + Label IntermediateSample @@ -4330,6 +4330,10 @@

IonChromatographyAnnotations + + Comment + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. @@ -4338,10 +4342,6 @@

IonChromatographyPreflabel IonChromatography - - Comment - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography @@ -4368,6 +4368,10 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations + + Comment + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Elucidation Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. @@ -4380,10 +4384,6 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometryAltlabel IMS - - Comment - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -4406,6 +4406,10 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Elucidation Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. @@ -4418,10 +4422,6 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAltlabel IMC - - Comment - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -4444,6 +4444,10 @@

LaboratoryAnnotations + + Comment + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Elucidation The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. @@ -4452,10 +4456,6 @@

LaboratoryPreflabel Laboratory - - Comment - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Label Laboratory @@ -4478,6 +4478,10 @@

LevelOfAutomationAnnotations + + Comment + Describes the level of automation of the test. + Elucidation Describes the level of automation of the test. @@ -4486,10 +4490,6 @@

LevelOfAutomationPreflabel LevelOfAutomation - - Comment - Describes the level of automation of the test. - Label LevelOfAutomation @@ -4512,6 +4512,10 @@

LevelOfExpertiseAnnotations + + Comment + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + Elucidation Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). @@ -4520,10 +4524,6 @@

LevelOfExpertisePreflabel LevelOfExpertise - - Comment - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - Label LevelOfExpertise @@ -4546,6 +4546,10 @@

LightScatteringAnnotations + + Comment + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + Elucidation Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. @@ -4554,10 +4558,6 @@

LightScatteringPreflabel LightScattering - - Comment - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - Label LightScattering @@ -4580,6 +4580,10 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryAnnotations + + Comment + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -4592,10 +4596,6 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryPreflabel LinearChronopotentiometry - - Comment - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - Label LinearChronopotentiometry @@ -4618,6 +4618,10 @@

LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. @@ -4642,10 +4646,6 @@

LinearScanVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 @@ -4676,6 +4676,10 @@

MassSpectrometryAnnotations + + Comment + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + Elucidation Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. @@ -4684,10 +4688,6 @@

MassSpectrometryPreflabel MassSpectrometry - - Comment - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - Label MassSpectrometry @@ -4711,20 +4711,20 @@

MeasurementDataPostProcessingAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Comment + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Comment + Elucidation Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Comment - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing Example @@ -4753,21 +4753,21 @@

MeasurementParameterAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter - Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Comment + Elucidation Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter + Label MeasurementParameter @@ -4791,28 +4791,28 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Preflabel - MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Comment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Altlabel - MeasurementParameterAdjustment + Comment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Comment + Elucidation Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Comment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Preflabel + MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Comment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Altlabel + MeasurementParameterAdjustment Definition @@ -4845,21 +4845,21 @@

MeasurementTimeAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - Preflabel - MeasurementTime - Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - Comment + Elucidation The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + Preflabel + MeasurementTime + Label MeasurementTime @@ -4882,6 +4882,10 @@

MechanicalTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -4890,10 +4894,6 @@

MechanicalTestingPreflabel MechanicalTesting - - Comment - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing @@ -4921,21 +4921,21 @@

MembraneOsmometryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry - Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - Comment + Elucidation In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry + Label MembraneOsmometry @@ -4959,21 +4959,21 @@

MercuryPorosimetryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry - Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - Comment + Elucidation A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry + Label MercuryPorosimetry @@ -4997,21 +4997,21 @@

MicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - Preflabel - Microscopy - Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Comment + Elucidation Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + Preflabel + Microscopy + Label Microscopy @@ -5034,6 +5034,10 @@

Milling¶ Annotations + + Comment + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. @@ -5042,10 +5046,6 @@

MillingPreflabel Milling - - Comment - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Label Milling @@ -5069,21 +5069,21 @@

Mounting Annotations - Elucidation + Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. - - Preflabel - Mounting - Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. - Comment + Elucidation The sample is mounted on a holder. + + Preflabel + Mounting + Label Mounting @@ -5111,20 +5111,20 @@

NanoindentationAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + Comment + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Comment + Elucidation Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Comment - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Preflabel + Nanoindentation Example @@ -5152,6 +5152,10 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Elucidation Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. @@ -5164,10 +5168,6 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAltlabel NSE - - Comment - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -5190,6 +5190,10 @@

Nexafs Annotations + + Comment + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Elucidation Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. @@ -5198,10 +5202,6 @@

NexafsPreflabel Nexafs - - Comment - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Label Nexafs @@ -5224,6 +5224,10 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Elucidation Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. @@ -5240,10 +5244,6 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - Label NormalPulseVoltammetry @@ -5266,6 +5266,10 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAnnotations + + Comment + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Elucidation Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. @@ -5282,10 +5286,6 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAltlabel NMR - - Comment - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -5308,6 +5308,10 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAnnotations + + Comment + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Elucidation A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). @@ -5320,10 +5324,6 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAltlabel OCVHold - - Comment - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -5346,6 +5346,10 @@

Operator Annotations + + Comment + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Elucidation The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. @@ -5354,10 +5358,6 @@

Operator Preflabel Operator - - Comment - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Label Operator @@ -5388,6 +5388,10 @@

OpticalMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + Elucidation Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. @@ -5396,10 +5400,6 @@

OpticalMicroscopyPreflabel OpticalMicroscopy - - Comment - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - Label OpticalMicroscopy @@ -5422,14 +5422,14 @@

OpticalTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - OpticalTesting - Comment + + Preflabel + OpticalTesting + Label OpticalTesting @@ -5452,6 +5452,10 @@

OsmometryAnnotations + + Comment + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Elucidation Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). @@ -5460,20 +5464,54 @@

OsmometryPreflabel Osmometry + + Label + Osmometry + + + Formal description + + + Subclass Of + CharacterisationTechnique + +
+
+

OutlierRemoval

+ + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#OutlierRemoval
Annotations
CommentOsmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg).Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses.
Comment
ElucidationOutlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses.
PreflabelOutlierRemoval
LabelOsmometryOutlierRemoval
Formal description
Subclass OfCharacterisationTechniqueDataFiltering
@@ -5486,6 +5524,10 @@

PhotoluminescenceMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + Elucidation Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. @@ -5494,10 +5536,6 @@

PhotoluminescenceMicroscopyPreflabel PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - - Comment - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - Label PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy @@ -5521,20 +5559,20 @@

PhysicsOfInteractionAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction + Comment + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - Comment + Elucidation Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Comment - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction Example @@ -5566,6 +5604,10 @@

PolishingAnnotations + + Comment + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. @@ -5574,10 +5616,6 @@

PolishingPreflabel Polishing - - Comment - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Label Polishing @@ -5600,14 +5638,14 @@

PorosimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Porosimetry - Comment + + Preflabel + Porosimetry + Label Porosimetry @@ -5630,14 +5668,6 @@

PostProcessingModelAnnotations - - Elucidation - Mathematical model used to process data. - - - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel - Comment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -5654,6 +5684,14 @@

PostProcessingModelComment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + Elucidation + Mathematical model used to process data. + + + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel + Label PostProcessingModel @@ -5676,22 +5714,6 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisAnnotations - - Elucidation - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - - - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - - - Altlabel - PSA - Comment Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -5712,6 +5734,22 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisComment the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + Elucidation + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + + + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + + + Altlabel + PSA + Label PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -5734,6 +5772,10 @@

PotentiometryAnnotations + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. @@ -5746,10 +5788,6 @@

PotentiometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 @@ -5780,6 +5818,10 @@

PreparedSampleAnnotations + + Comment + The sample after a preparation process. + Elucidation The sample after a preparation process. @@ -5788,10 +5830,6 @@

PreparedSamplePreflabel PreparedSample - - Comment - The sample after a preparation process. - Label PreparedSample @@ -5814,6 +5852,10 @@

PrimaryDataAnnotations + + Comment + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Elucidation Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. @@ -5822,10 +5864,6 @@

PrimaryDataPreflabel PrimaryData - - Comment - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Example Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. @@ -5853,20 +5891,20 @@

Probe Annotations - Elucidation + Comment Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Preflabel - Probe + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Comment - + Preflabel + Probe Example @@ -5911,20 +5949,20 @@

ProbeSampleInteractionAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - Comment - + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction Label @@ -5965,20 +6003,20 @@

ProcessingReproducibilityAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - Comment - + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility Label @@ -6003,20 +6041,20 @@

ProfilometryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Preflabel - Profilometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Comment - + Preflabel + Profilometry Label @@ -6040,6 +6078,14 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAnnotations + + Comment + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + Comment + + Elucidation a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage @@ -6052,14 +6098,6 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAltlabel PseudoOCV - - Comment - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - Comment - - Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -6082,6 +6120,14 @@

PulsedElectroacousticMethodAnnotations + + Comment + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + + Comment + + Elucidation The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. @@ -6094,14 +6140,6 @@

PulsedElectroacousticMethodIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - - Comment - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - - Comment - - Label PulsedElectroacousticMethod @@ -6125,20 +6163,20 @@

RamanSpectroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - Comment - + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy Label @@ -6162,6 +6200,10 @@

RationaleAnnotations + + Comment + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Elucidation A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief @@ -6170,10 +6212,6 @@

RationalePreflabel Rationale - - Comment - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Label Rationale @@ -6197,16 +6235,12 @@

RawData¶ Annotations - Elucidation - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + Comment + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - Elucidation - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - - - Preflabel - RawData + Comment + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. Comment @@ -6214,15 +6248,19 @@

RawDataComment + + + + Elucidation Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - Comment - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + Elucidation + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - Comment - + Preflabel + RawData Example @@ -6258,14 +6296,14 @@

RawSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - RawSample - Comment + + Preflabel + RawSample + Label RawSample @@ -6288,6 +6326,18 @@

ReferenceSampleAnnotations + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. @@ -6308,18 +6358,6 @@

ReferenceSampleAltlabel ReferenceSpecimen - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - - Comment - - Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -6355,32 +6393,32 @@

SampleAnnotations - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Comment + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Preflabel - Sample + Comment + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Altlabel - Specimen + Comment + Comment Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Comment + Elucidation Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Comment - + Preflabel + Sample - Comment - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Altlabel + Specimen Label @@ -6404,14 +6442,6 @@

SampleExtractionAnnotations - - Elucidation - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - - - Preflabel - SampleExtraction - Comment The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -6428,6 +6458,14 @@

SampleExtractionComment + + Elucidation + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + + + Preflabel + SampleExtraction + Label SampleExtraction @@ -6451,20 +6489,20 @@

SampleInspectionAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - Preflabel - SampleInspection + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - Comment - + Preflabel + SampleInspection Example @@ -6492,14 +6530,14 @@

SampleInspectionInstrumentAnnotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspectionInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + SampleInspectionInstrument + Label SampleInspectionInstrument @@ -6523,20 +6561,20 @@

SampleInspectionParameterAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Parameter used for the sample inspection process - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Parameter used for the sample inspection process - Comment - + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter Label @@ -6561,20 +6599,20 @@

SamplePreparationAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - Preflabel - SamplePreparation + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - Comment - + Preflabel + SamplePreparation Label @@ -6614,14 +6652,14 @@

SamplePreparationInstrumentAnnotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparationInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + SamplePreparationInstrument + Label SamplePreparationInstrument @@ -6645,20 +6683,20 @@

SamplePreparationParameterAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Parameter used for the sample preparation process - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Parameter used for the sample preparation process - Comment - + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter Label @@ -6682,6 +6720,18 @@

SampledDCPolarography Annotations + + Comment + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + + + Comment + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + + Comment + + Elucidation DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. @@ -6698,18 +6748,6 @@

SampledDCPolarographyIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - - - Comment - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - - Comment - - Label SampledDCPolarography @@ -6732,6 +6770,14 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. @@ -6744,14 +6790,6 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAltlabel AES - - Comment - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -6774,6 +6812,14 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + Comment + + Elucidation The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. @@ -6786,14 +6832,6 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAltlabel SEM - - Comment - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -6816,6 +6854,14 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAnnotations + + Comment + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. @@ -6828,14 +6874,6 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAltlabel SKB - - Comment - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -6859,20 +6897,20 @@

ScanningProbeMicroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - Comment - + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy Label @@ -6896,6 +6934,14 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. @@ -6908,14 +6954,6 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAltlabel STM - - Comment - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - Comment - - Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -6938,14 +6976,14 @@

ScatteringAndDiffractionAnnotations - - Preflabel - ScatteringAndDiffraction - Comment + + Preflabel + ScatteringAndDiffraction + Label ScatteringAndDiffraction @@ -6969,24 +7007,24 @@

SecondaryDataAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Preflabel - SecondaryData + Comment + - Altlabel - Elaborated data + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Comment - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Preflabel + SecondaryData - Comment - + Altlabel + Elaborated data Example @@ -7018,6 +7056,14 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations + + Comment + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. @@ -7030,14 +7076,6 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAltlabel SIMS - - Comment - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - Comment - - Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -7060,14 +7098,14 @@

ShearOrTorsionTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - ShearOrTorsionTesting - Comment + + Preflabel + ShearOrTorsionTesting + Label ShearOrTorsionTesting @@ -7090,14 +7128,6 @@

Signal Annotations - - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - - - Preflabel - Signal - Comment Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -7118,6 +7148,14 @@

SignalComment + + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + + + Preflabel + Signal + Definition According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). @@ -7145,20 +7183,20 @@

SpectrometryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Preflabel - Spectrometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Comment - + Preflabel + Spectrometry Label @@ -7183,20 +7221,20 @@

SpectroscopyAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Preflabel - Spectroscopy + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Comment - + Preflabel + Spectroscopy Label @@ -7220,6 +7258,26 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Comment + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + + + Comment + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + + + Comment + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Comment + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + + Comment + + Elucidation voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp @@ -7244,26 +7302,6 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - - - Comment - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - - - Comment - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - - Comment - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 @@ -7295,20 +7333,20 @@

StepChronopotentiometryAnnotations - Elucidation + Comment chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry + Comment + - Comment + Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - Comment - + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry Label @@ -7332,18 +7370,6 @@

StrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Elucidation - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Comment Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. @@ -7372,6 +7398,18 @@

StrippingVoltammetryComment + + Elucidation + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis @@ -7398,14 +7436,14 @@

SynchrotronAnnotations - - Preflabel - Synchrotron - Comment + + Preflabel + Synchrotron + Label Synchrotron @@ -7428,6 +7466,14 @@

TensileTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. @@ -7440,14 +7486,6 @@

TensileTestingAltlabel TensionTest - - Comment - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - Comment - - Label TensileTesting @@ -7470,6 +7508,14 @@

ThermochemicalTesting Annotations + + Comment + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. @@ -7482,14 +7528,6 @@

ThermochemicalTestingAltlabel TMA - - Comment - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - Comment - - Label ThermochemicalTesting @@ -7512,6 +7550,14 @@

ThermogravimetryAnnotations + + Comment + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + Comment + + Elucidation Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). @@ -7524,14 +7570,6 @@

ThermogravimetryAltlabel TGA - - Comment - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - Comment - - Label Thermogravimetry @@ -7554,6 +7592,14 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Comment + + Elucidation Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample @@ -7566,14 +7612,6 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAltlabel ThreePointFlexuralTest - - Comment - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 @@ -7604,6 +7642,10 @@

TomographyAnnotations + + Comment + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Elucidation Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. @@ -7612,10 +7654,6 @@

TomographyPreflabel Tomography - - Comment - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Label Tomography @@ -7638,6 +7676,14 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Comment + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. @@ -7650,14 +7696,6 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAltlabel TEM - - Comment - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - Comment - - Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -7680,6 +7718,10 @@

UltrasonicTestingAnnotations + + Comment + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + Elucidation Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -7688,10 +7730,6 @@

UltrasonicTestingPreflabel UltrasonicTesting - - Comment - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - Label UltrasonicTesting @@ -7714,6 +7752,10 @@

UserCase Annotations + + Comment + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + Elucidation High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. @@ -7722,10 +7764,6 @@

UserCase Preflabel UserCase - - Comment - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - Label UserCase @@ -7748,6 +7786,14 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAnnotations + + Comment + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. @@ -7760,14 +7806,6 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAltlabel VPO - - Comment - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - Comment - - Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -7790,6 +7828,14 @@

ViscometryAnnotations + + Comment + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + Comment + + Elucidation Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. @@ -7802,14 +7848,6 @@

ViscometryAltlabel Viscosity - - Comment - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - Comment - - Label Viscometry @@ -7832,18 +7870,6 @@

VoltammetryAnnotations - - Elucidation - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - - Preflabel - Voltammetry - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Comment The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. @@ -7856,6 +7882,18 @@

VoltammetryComment + + Elucidation + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + + Preflabel + Voltammetry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 @@ -7890,6 +7928,10 @@

VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrodeAnnotations + + Comment + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + Elucidation Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation @@ -7902,10 +7944,6 @@

VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrodeIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - Comment - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - Label VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode @@ -7928,6 +7966,10 @@

WearTestingAnnotations + + Comment + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + Elucidation A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. @@ -7936,10 +7978,6 @@

WearTestingPreflabel WearTesting - - Comment - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - Label WearTesting @@ -7962,6 +8000,10 @@

XpsVariableKineticAnnotations + + Comment + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Elucidation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. @@ -7978,10 +8020,6 @@

XpsVariableKineticAltlabel X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - - Comment - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -8004,6 +8042,14 @@

XrayDiffractionAnnotations + + Comment + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Comment + + Elucidation a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice @@ -8016,14 +8062,6 @@

XrayDiffractionAltlabel XRD - - Comment - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - - Comment - - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 @@ -8054,6 +8092,14 @@

XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations + + Comment + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + + Comment + + Elucidation a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample @@ -8066,14 +8112,6 @@

XrayPowderDiffractionAltlabel XRPD - - Comment - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - - Comment - - Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction @@ -8100,14 +8138,14 @@

XrdGrazingIncidenceAnnotations - - Preflabel - XrdGrazingIncidence - Comment + + Preflabel + XrdGrazingIncidence + Label XrdGrazingIncidence @@ -8133,14 +8171,14 @@

hasAccessConditionsAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasAccessConditions - Comment + + Preflabel + hasAccessConditions + Label hasAccessConditions @@ -8190,6 +8228,10 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8198,10 +8240,6 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAltlabel hasBeginCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8228,6 +8266,10 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8236,10 +8278,6 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAltlabel hasCharacterizationComponent - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8266,6 +8304,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8274,10 +8316,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAltlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironment - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8304,6 +8342,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8312,10 +8354,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAltlabel hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8342,6 +8380,10 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8350,10 +8392,6 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAltlabel hasCharacterizationInput - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8380,6 +8418,10 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8388,10 +8430,6 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAltlabel hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8418,6 +8456,10 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8426,10 +8468,6 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAltlabel hasCharacterizationOutput - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8456,14 +8494,14 @@

hasCharacterisationProcedureValidationAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + Label hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation @@ -8490,6 +8528,10 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8498,10 +8540,6 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAltlabel hasCharacterizationProperty - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8528,6 +8566,10 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8536,10 +8578,6 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAltlabel hasCharacterizationSoftware - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8566,6 +8604,10 @@

hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8574,10 +8616,6 @@

hasCharacterisationTaskAltlabel hasCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8604,14 +8642,14 @@

hasDataAcquisitionRate Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDataAcquisitionRate - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataAcquisitionRate + Label hasDataAcquisitionRate @@ -8638,14 +8676,14 @@

hasDataProcessingThroughCalibrationAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + Label hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration @@ -8672,14 +8710,14 @@

hasDataQualityAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasDataQuality - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataQuality + Label hasDataQuality @@ -8706,14 +8744,14 @@

hasDatasetAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasDataset - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDataset + Label hasDataset @@ -8740,14 +8778,14 @@

hasDateOfCalibration Annotations - - Preflabel - hasDateOfCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasDateOfCalibration + Label hasDateOfCalibration @@ -8774,6 +8812,10 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Comment + + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -8782,10 +8824,6 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAltlabel hasEndCharacterizationTask - - Comment - - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -8812,14 +8850,14 @@

hasHardwareSpecificationAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasHardwareSpecification - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHardwareSpecification + Label hasHardwareSpecification @@ -8846,14 +8884,14 @@

hasHazardAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasHazard - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHazard + Label hasHazard @@ -8880,14 +8918,14 @@

hasHolderAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasHolder - Comment + + Preflabel + hasHolder + Label hasHolder @@ -8914,14 +8952,14 @@

hasInstrumentForCalibrationAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasInstrumentForCalibration - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInstrumentForCalibration + Label hasInstrumentForCalibration @@ -8948,14 +8986,14 @@

hasInteractionVolume Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionVolume - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionVolume + Label hasInteractionVolume @@ -8982,14 +9020,14 @@

hasInteractionWithProbe Annotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionWithProbe - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionWithProbe + Label hasInteractionWithProbe @@ -9016,14 +9054,14 @@

hasInteractionWithSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasInteractionWithSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasInteractionWithSample + Label hasInteractionWithSample @@ -9050,14 +9088,14 @@

hasLab Annotations - - Preflabel - hasLab - Comment + + Preflabel + hasLab + Label hasLab @@ -9084,14 +9122,14 @@

hasLevelOfAutomation Annotations - - Preflabel - hasLevelOfAutomation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasLevelOfAutomation + Label hasLevelOfAutomation @@ -9118,6 +9156,10 @@

hasManufacturerAnnotations + + Comment + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -9126,10 +9168,6 @@

hasManufacturerPreflabel hasManufacturer - - Comment - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasManufacturer @@ -9156,14 +9194,14 @@

hasMeasurementDetector Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementDetector - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementDetector + Label hasMeasurementDetector @@ -9190,14 +9228,14 @@

hasMeasurementParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementParameter + Label hasMeasurementParameter @@ -9224,14 +9262,14 @@

hasMeasurementProbeAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementProbe - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementProbe + Label hasMeasurementProbe @@ -9258,14 +9296,14 @@

hasMeasurementSample Annotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementSample + Label hasMeasurementSample @@ -9292,14 +9330,14 @@

hasMeasurementTimeAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasMeasurementTime - Comment + + Preflabel + hasMeasurementTime + Label hasMeasurementTime @@ -9326,6 +9364,10 @@

hasModel Annotations + + Comment + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -9334,10 +9376,6 @@

hasModel Preflabel hasModel - - Comment - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasModel @@ -9364,14 +9402,14 @@

hasOperatorAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasOperator - Comment + + Preflabel + hasOperator + Label hasOperator @@ -9398,14 +9436,14 @@

hasPeerReviewedArticle Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPeerReviewedArticle - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPeerReviewedArticle + Label hasPeerReviewedArticle @@ -9432,14 +9470,14 @@

hasPhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + Label hasPhysicsOfInteraction @@ -9466,14 +9504,14 @@

hasPostProcessingModel Annotations - - Preflabel - hasPostProcessingModel - Comment + + Preflabel + hasPostProcessingModel + Label hasPostProcessingModel @@ -9500,14 +9538,14 @@

hasProcessingReproducibilityAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasProcessingReproducibility - Comment + + Preflabel + hasProcessingReproducibility + Label hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -9534,14 +9572,14 @@

hasReferenceSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasReferenceSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasReferenceSample + Label hasReferenceSample @@ -9569,14 +9607,14 @@

hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparationAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + Label hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation @@ -9607,14 +9645,14 @@

hasSampleForInspection Annotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleForInspection - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleForInspection + Label hasSampleForInspection @@ -9641,14 +9679,14 @@

hasSampleInspectionInstrumentAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + Label hasSampleInspectionInstrument @@ -9675,14 +9713,14 @@

hasSampleInspectionParameterAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSampleInspectionParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampleInspectionParameter + Label hasSampleInspectionParameter @@ -9709,14 +9747,14 @@

hasSamplePreparationInstrumentAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + Label hasSamplePreparationInstrument @@ -9743,14 +9781,14 @@

hasSamplePreparationParameterAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSamplePreparationParameter - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSamplePreparationParameter + Label hasSamplePreparationParameter @@ -9777,14 +9815,14 @@

hasSampledSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasSampledSample - Comment + + Preflabel + hasSampledSample + Label hasSampledSample @@ -9811,6 +9849,10 @@

hasUniqueIDAnnotations + + Comment + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + Elucidation A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -9819,10 +9861,6 @@

hasUniqueIDPreflabel hasUniqueID - - Comment - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - Label hasUniqueID @@ -9889,14 +9927,14 @@

requiresLevelOfExpertiseAnnotations - - Preflabel - requiresLevelOfExpertise - Comment + + Preflabel + requiresLevelOfExpertise + Label requiresLevelOfExpertise @@ -10087,6 +10125,7 @@

chameo-inferred

  • OpticalMicroscopy
  • OpticalTesting
  • Osmometry
    • +
  • OutlierRemoval
  • PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy
  • PhysicsOfInteraction
  • Polishing
    • diff --git a/chameo.owl b/chameo.owl index 20f01c3..2cff15f 100644 --- a/chameo.owl +++ b/chameo.owl @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo" xmlns="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#" - xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:emmo="https://w3id.org/emmo#" + xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:core="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:x_0.1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" @@ -51,30 +51,6 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - - - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - @@ -86,85 +62,175 @@ Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput + + + - - - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - + - - - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - + + + + + + hasMeasurementSample + + hasMeasurementSample + + + + - - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - - - hasRedundantPart - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + + + + + + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + + + + + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + hasObjectiveProperty + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty - + + + + + + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + - + - - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + + + + + + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + + + + + + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + hasDataset + + hasDataset + + + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + + hasMeasurementDetector @@ -178,105 +244,92 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.Relates a dataset to its datum. - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + + + + + + hasDataQuality + + hasDataQuality - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection - - - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + + + + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - + + - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - + + - - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + + + + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised - + + + + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + + hasPostProcessingModel @@ -289,52 +342,97 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.The input of a process. - - - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput - - + + + + + + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + + + + + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasProcessingReproducibility - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasProcessingReproducibility - + - - isPartOf - isPartOf + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProperty - - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - - - - - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. @@ -347,36 +445,51 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + hasDataAcquisitionRate - - + + + + + + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + + + - - - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + + + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - - - hasMeasurementTime - - hasMeasurementTime + + + + + isIndirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. @@ -403,6 +516,37 @@ b) y and x non-overlapping While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + + + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + + + hasMetricPrefix + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + + + + + + + + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + @@ -415,206 +559,68 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - hasConventionalProperty - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - - - - hasObjectiveProperty - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - - - + - - - isDirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + + + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - + - - - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementSample - - hasMeasurementSample - - - - - - - - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + equalsTo + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + isPartOf + isPartOf - + - - hasEndCharacterisationTask + + hasCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask - + + - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask - - - - - - - - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + hasTask + hasTask - - - - - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput - - - - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - - - - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - - isIndirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - - - - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - - + causal @@ -629,50 +635,46 @@ Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - + - - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + + + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - - hasReferenceSample + + + + + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. - - - - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. @@ -684,222 +686,246 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - hasDataQuality - - hasDataQuality + + + + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - - - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + + hasParticipant + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - hasMetricPrefix - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - - - - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - + + + - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + + + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - + + - - - - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + isDirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - + + + + + + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour + + + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + - - hasCharacterisationComponent + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + + + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - + + - + - hasPostProcessingModel + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasPostProcessingModel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + + hasMeasurementProbe + + + + - + - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - + + + - hasTask - hasTask - - - - - - mereological - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - + + - - - hasOperator + + + hasInteractionWithProbe - hasOperator + hasInteractionWithProbe - + + - - - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - - - - - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - - - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - hasLab - - hasLab + + + + + + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. @@ -911,307 +937,224 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasCollaborationWith - - - - - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + + hasHardwareSpecification + + hasHardwareSpecification - - + - + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - - - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + + + hasConventionalProperty + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - + + - - - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + + + + + + + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - + + + + + + + hasRedundantPart + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + hasMeasurementParameter - requiresLevelOfExpertise + hasMeasurementParameter - + - + - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + + + + hasOperator + + hasOperator - - - - - - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + + + + + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - - - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask - - - - - - hasParticipant - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter + + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - + + - - - hasSampledSample + + + hasCharacterisationProperty - hasSampledSample + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + hasLevelOfAutomation - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasLevelOfAutomation - - + + - + - hasSampleForInspection + hasReferenceSample - hasSampleForInspection + hasReferenceSample - - + + - - - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - - - - - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - - equalsTo - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - - - - - - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - - - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask - - - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - + - - - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem @@ -1224,188 +1167,239 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - + + - - - hasMeasurementParameter + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasMeasurementParameter + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - hasCharacterisationInput - - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf - - - - - hasMeasurementProbe - - hasMeasurementProbe + + + + mereological + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour + + + + + + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - - + + - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + + hasHolder - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasHolder - - + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasHazard - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasHazard - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + + + + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - + + - + - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - + + - - - hasMeasurementDetector + + + hasCharacterisationOutput - hasMeasurementDetector + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - + + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion + + + + - + - hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInteractionWithSample - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + hasInteractionWithSample - + - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - + + - + - hasProcessingReproducibility + hasMeasurementTime - hasProcessingReproducibility + hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - - - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - + + + + + + + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + + + + + + + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection + + + + - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + - + + + + + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + - - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised @@ -1418,14 +1412,41 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasSamplePreparationParameter - - + + - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + + + + + + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + + + + + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject @@ -1438,79 +1459,53 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasInteractionVolume - - - - + + + + + + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - + + - - - hasDataset + + + hasSampleForInspection - hasDataset + hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - hasHolder - - hasHolder + + + + + + + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - - hasLevelOfAutomation + + + + hasModel + hasModel - - - - - - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - - - - hasHazard - - hasHazard - - - - - - - - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. @@ -1523,97 +1518,106 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationTask + + + hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - + - + - hasInteractionWithSample + hasLab - hasInteractionWithSample + hasLab - - + + - + - hasHardwareSpecification + hasAccessConditions - hasHardwareSpecification + hasAccessConditions - - + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus + + + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess + + + - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle + + hasCharacterisationComponent - hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - - - - - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent - - - - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + + + + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - + + - - - hasAccessConditions + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasAccessConditions + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - + - - + + - - + + - - - hasInteractionWithProbe + + + hasSampledSample - hasInteractionWithProbe + hasSampledSample @@ -1636,6 +1640,18 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + + @@ -1648,6 +1664,29 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + + + + + + + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + + + + + + + + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + @@ -1674,39 +1713,11 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasURIValue - - - - - - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - - - - - - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - - - - - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + + + + hasURNValue + hasURNValue @@ -1730,13 +1741,6 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasDateOfCalibration - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue - - @@ -1745,20 +1749,15 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - + - comment - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - - + definition + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + definition + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. @@ -1772,50 +1771,32 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - - - - - + - - conceptualisation - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + - - - - - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + + + + + VIMTerm + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - + - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - - - - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + comment + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. @@ -1823,26 +1804,16 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - - - - - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference - - - + + + conceptualisation + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). @@ -1853,49 +1824,18 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - + - + - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference - - - - - - - - ucumCode - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - + - - - - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - @@ -1907,30 +1847,6 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - - - - - VIMTerm - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - - - etymology - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - @@ -1942,15 +1858,43 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - + + + + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + + + - definition - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - definition - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + + + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference + + + + + + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. @@ -1964,14 +1908,16 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - - - - - iupacReference - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + + + + etymology + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. @@ -1983,37 +1929,28 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - + + + + + - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - + + + - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - - - - - - - - - - - + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. @@ -2026,23 +1963,51 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - + + + + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + - - + + - + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + + + + - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + ucumCode + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + + + + + + + @@ -2050,35 +2015,70 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - + + - + - + - + - + - + - + + + + + iupacReference + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference + + + + + + + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + + + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference + + + + + + + - + + + + + @@ -2086,244 +2086,258 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa + + + + - - - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - - - - - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + + + + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow - + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson - +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure - - - - - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Step - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - - - - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - - - - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - - - - - - - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - + - - - MultiplicationFactor - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + + + MaximumEfficiency + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - + + + + + + + + + + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + + + - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - + - - RatioQuantity - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + + + MolarGasConstant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - + - - + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + + + + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - - - - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandardModelParticle + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure + + + Quantum + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + + + + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + + + + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + + + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. @@ -2336,427 +2350,366 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - - - - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationSystem + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - - + + - - + + - - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + HolisticSystem + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - FreeForming - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming + + + + + + + + + + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system - - - - CompressiveForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalBoson + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - + - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - + + + + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + - - CoefficientOfFriction - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - + + + + RadiantFlux + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + + - + + - - ParticleFluence - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + + Power + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - + - - + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + SpecificHeatCapacity + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Real - A real number. - Real - A real number. - - - - - - - Number - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + + + + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - + + - + - - - - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - - - - - - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - - - - - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - - - - - + - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - + - + - - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + + KermaRate + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - + - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - + - - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandaloneAtom - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + + + + + + + AvogadroConstant + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - + + - - + + - - + + - - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + + + + + Manufacturing + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + + + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermodynamicTemperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential - - - - - - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - - - DebyeAngularFrequency - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - - - AngularFrequency - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - - - - - - URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit @@ -2782,599 +2735,469 @@ In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the ba The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - + + + + + + + + + + + + Sign + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - - - - Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - - - - - - - - - - - Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - - - - - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - +Each of them are 'sign'-s. - - - - - - - - - - Speed - Length per unit time. +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - + - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCurrentDensity - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + + IsentropicExponent + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - Object - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. - - - - - - - - - - - - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + Sample + + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricCurrentDensity + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + + + + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + + + + + MeanDurationOfLife + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + Duration + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 - + - - - - - - - - - EquilibriumPositionVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + Heat + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - + - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + + + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - + - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - 9-6.2 + + + CoefficientOfFriction + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - + - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - + + + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 + + + - + - - MolarEnergy - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + + + ElectricCurrent + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - Diameter - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - - - - - - - - - - Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + + + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - + + - - + + + + + + - HolisticSystem - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - - - - VolumeFraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + + - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - + + + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - + - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - + - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + + + GibbsEnergy + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + - + + - - ElectricResistance - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing - - - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming - - - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion - - - - - - - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - DIN 8580:2020 - Umformen - Forming - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + Energy + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - + @@ -3382,183 +3205,140 @@ Entropy - - ScalarMagneticPotential - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - FastFissionFactor - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + MagneticTension + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - - ChemicalPotential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + BurgersVector + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - + - - - QuantumNumber - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + Displacement + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - + - - - - - - - - - HeatCapacity - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - - - - - - - - KermaRate - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementResult - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - + - - Casting - Casting + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder @@ -3573,929 +3353,891 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - Array - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - - Mathematical - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + + + WorkFunction + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit - - - - - - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Density + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + 4-2 + 9-10 + Mass per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 + + + + - - - - + + + + - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - - - - RelaxationTime - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - - - TimeConstant - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - - - - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised - + + + Process + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - + - - + + - - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + LatticeVector + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - Wavenumber - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - + + - - + + - - ReciprocalLength - The inverse of length. - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - + - - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - + + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - - - - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - Spectrometry - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + + + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - + - - HalfValueThickness - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + Lethargy + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - + - - Thickness - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + + + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - + - - - ElectronAffinity - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - + + + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + - - - VacuumElectricPermittivity - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + + RotationalFrequency + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - + - + - - - Permittivity - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + + Frequency + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - + + + + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + + + + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + + + + + + + + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - + - - Thermogravimetry - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - + - ThermochemicalTesting + Spectroscopy - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - CriticalTemperature - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + + + + + + + + + + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + - - + - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit + + + DissociationConstant + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - + - - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + EquilibriumConstant + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - Tessellation - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - - - - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + + + + + + + + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark - + - - + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassUnit - MassUnit + + + + ElectricInductance + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - + - + - - EnergyFluence - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - CausalConvexSystem - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + ModulusOfRigidity + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - - - - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + + MaterialTreatment + esce workpiece + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. - - + + - + - + - - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - - TotalCurrentDensity - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + DimensionlessUnit + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples - + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Density - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - 4-2 - 9-10 - Mass per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + + WorkpieceForming + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - - - - - - - - - Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + + + FreeForming + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming - + + + + CompressiveForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + POH + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SamplePreparation - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + + + IonActivity + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - - CharacterisationProcedure - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + PH + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - + - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - + - DiscreteData - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - + + Symbol + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - + - - PhaseVelocity - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - Velocity - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 - - - - - - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + QuantumNumber + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - + - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 - - - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + + + RelaxationTime + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + TimeConstant + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - + - + - + - + @@ -4503,305 +4245,267 @@ Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - - - - AbsoluteHumidity - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - - - MassConcentration - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - + + + + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + + + CharacterisationTechnique + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + - - + - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + + + Action + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - - Porosity - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + + + + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - - - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - - - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - - - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - + + + + - - + + + - Product - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Step + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - - - - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + + + ReferenceSample + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + ReferenceSpecimen + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material + + + + - - + + - - - Measurement - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement - - - - - - Procedure - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + EnergyFluenceRate + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -4809,347 +4513,413 @@ The execution of an algorithm. - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + Matter + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - - - ReactorTimeConstant - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - + - - Duration - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + + + + + + Molality + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - OrdinalQuantity - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - + + + + + + + + + + + PressureCoefficient + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + + + + + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + + + OpticalTesting + + OpticalTesting + + + + + + + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - + - - + + - - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - LinearArray - 1DArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + HallCoefficient + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - + - - SamplePreparationInstrument + + XrayPowderDiffraction - SamplePreparationInstrument + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + - - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + XrayDiffraction + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - + - - + + Wavelength + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + + + + Length + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - - - - - Material - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ProbeSampleInteraction - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - + - - - - - - - - - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - Determined - Determined + + + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - - - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + + + + + + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - Voltammetry - - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - Assemblying - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + + + ThermalDiffusionFactor + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - JoinManufacturing - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - + + - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 - - - - - - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + + + - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct @@ -5164,409 +4934,276 @@ Resilience An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - + - - - ThermoelectricVoltage - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + RybergConstant + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - + - - Voltage - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture + + + + Wavenumber + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - PH - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - IonActivity - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - + + + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + - + + + + + + + Whole + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + + + - - + + - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + Holistic + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + + + + AlgebricExpression + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - - - - - - - - - - StructureFactor - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementUnit - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + + Thickness + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - FunctionalIcon - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + LinearExpansionCoefficient + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - + - - + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + + + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - CyclicVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - - - - - ParticleEmissionRate - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - + + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + Area + Extent of a surface. + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - - - - ComptonWavelength - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - - - - Wavelength - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - - - - - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 - - - + - - - - - - - - - ElectricCurrent - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - - - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. @@ -5597,853 +5234,834 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - + + + - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + AtomicMass + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - + + - - + + - + - + + + + Mass + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + + + - - + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + - + - EMMO - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - + - - - - - - - - - SpecificActivity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - - - - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - + - - + - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + + ThermodynamicTemperature + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - + + + + + RawData + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementResult + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + + + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + - + - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + DecayConstant + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - + + + + Angle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + + RatioQuantity + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant + + + + + + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + + DerivedUnit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + + + + + RelativeLinearStrain + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - + + - - - - - - + + + + + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit + + + + + - - - + + - - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - + - + - - SolubilityProduct - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - EquilibriumConstant - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - Work - Product of force and displacement. - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - - - - FermiTemperature - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + ThomsonCoefficient + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - - + + - - + + + + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 + + + + + + + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + + Object + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + - - + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit - + Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - - ElectricSusceptibility - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - + - + - ModulusOfRigidity - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + VolumeFlowRate + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - Height - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - + + - - - 2 - + + + + + + + - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - - - - Sample - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + + + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - + - + - - - LatticeVector - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + + Exposure + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - Displacement - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + + + + Material + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - + + + + + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile + + + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark + + + - - WorkpieceForming - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + LandeFactor + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + GFactor + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - + - - MeanDurationOfLife - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + + RestMass + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - + - + - - DensityOfVibrationalStates - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + Compressibility + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - UnitOne - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + + Activity + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - - - DimensionlessUnit - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + + + + + + + + + Program + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - + + - - + + - - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - - - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + + + + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - + - + - - LinearEnergyTransfer - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - + Speed + Length per unit time. - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - - ElectricInductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol - - - - - Process - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - OpticalTesting - - OpticalTesting + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - CharacterisationTechnique - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + + + + + + Tessellation + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - + - + - - MassChangeRate - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. - - - - - - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - - - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - Werkstücke - DiscreteManufacturing - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - - - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m - - - - - DerivedUnit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - - - - - - - AngularWavenumber - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + IonicStrength + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - + DimensionalUnit A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. @@ -6460,4004 +6078,4006 @@ The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimen Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalParticle + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + - + - - - Exposure - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + MagneticMoment + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - + + + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + - - + + - CharacterisationEnvironment - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + + LinearEnergyTransfer + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - + - - - - - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - + + + + + + + + + + ElectricConductivity + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - - - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - + - - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + SeebeckCoefficient + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + - - - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + + CharacterisationProcedure + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - - + + - - + + - - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SamplePreparation + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - - - - MagneticSusceptibility - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - + + + + + + + + + + Existent + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - - - - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - - - - - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - - - - - ExchangeIntegral - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandardModelParticle - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - - - Quantum - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - - - - - RelativeLinearStrain - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - - - - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - - - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + Probe + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - - - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricConductance + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - - - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + + ElectricSusceptibility + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - + + + - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - - Drilling - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Bohren - Drilling + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - - + + - - - - - - + + - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - - - - - - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - - - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - - - - - - Spectroscopy - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - - - - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - - - - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - + - - - - - - - - - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + - + - - TotalLinearStoppingPower - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - - - - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - + - + + - - Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + Momentum + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - + + - + - + - - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - + - - MagneticQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - - - - - - - + + - - Minus - Minus + + + PlanckFunction + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark - - - - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + ProcessingReproducibility + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - - - - - LogarithmicDecrement - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + + + + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - + - - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + + MolarVolume + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - + + + + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + ContinuumSubstance + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + - - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + + + CarrierLifetime + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - + + + + + PartialPressure + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + - + - - ExposureRate - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. - - - - - - - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + Pressure + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - + + + + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + - - SpecificEnthalpy - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + + + RelativePermittivity + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - + - - - - - - - - + - SpecificEnergy - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing + + + + + + + IonTransportNumber + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + + + DiscreteData + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + + + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + + + + + + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + - - + + + + + + + + - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - + + + CrystallineMaterial + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - - - - - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + ShearStrain + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - - - - - - - - - - - PressureCoefficient - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + + + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + + + - + - - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 - - - - - - - WaveVector - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - - - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - + - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + + + + + + + Product + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - + - - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - DIN 8580:2020 - Trennen - CuttingManufacturing - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ActivityDensity - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Distance - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - NucleonNumber - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - - - - - - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled - - - - - TotalIonization - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + + + + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - + - + - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - PositionVector - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - - - - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - + - - Symbol - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + NuclidicMass + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - - - ScanningKelvinProbe - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - + - - - - - - - - - - ThomsonCoefficient - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + IsochoricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant volume. + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - + - + - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + HeatCapacity + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - + + + + + Cutting + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Schneiden + Cutting + + + + + + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + DIN 8580:2020 + Trennen + CuttingManufacturing + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + + + SampleExtraction + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + + + + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - + + - - + + * - - - HallCoefficient - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + + Multiplication + Multiplication - - - - - MassFractionOfWater - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - + - - - MassFraction - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - - - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + Kerma + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - - - - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificEnergy + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - + - + - - Permeance - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - - NonActivePower - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Power - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - ParticleFluenceRate - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalInsulance - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + + + + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + LarmonAngularFrequency + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) + + + + AngularFrequency + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + + + + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - + - - - - - - + + - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - - + - + - - - - - - - - - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + + + + Procedure + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - + + + - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + Semiotics + Semiotics - + + + + ThreePointBendingTesting + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + - ResonanceEnergy - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + HartreeEnergy + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - - MassFractionOfDryMatter - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalModel + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - - + + + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + + + MetrologicalUncertainty + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + - - + + - + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + + + - - + + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 + + + + + + Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + + + - - + + + + + + MolecularConcentration + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + + + + + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + + + + - - + + - - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + + ParticleNumberDensity + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - HeatFlowRate - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - + - - - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + + + + + + + Permeability + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - DrawForming - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + QuantityValue + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - + - - TensileForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + ShearCutting + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - - - TensileTesting - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + + DegreeOfDissociation + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - PhaseAngle - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - - Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + + + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - - + + - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit - - - - - - SpecificInternalEnergy - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - - + + + + + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + + ActiveEnergy + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - - - - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + + + + Voltammetry + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - + - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + + + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - + - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + SampledDCPolarography - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - - - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - - Electrogravimetry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - + + + - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + SpatioTemporalTile + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - - - - TotalAngularMomentum - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - + - + - - AngularMomentum - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - + - - - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + SpecificEnergyImparted + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - + - - - MeanFreePath - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + MixingRatio + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + + + + ThermochemicalTesting + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - + - - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - - - MeasuringInstrument - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument + + + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + - + - - ElectricPotential - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + Radioactivity + Decays per unit time. + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - - DampingCoefficient - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle - - - - ConventionalProperty - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + + + + + + + + + + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + + + + + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - + + + + + VacuumElectricPermittivity + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + + + - + + - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + Permittivity + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + + + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + + Spectrometry + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - + - - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + FractionUnit + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + - + - - DoseEquivalent - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit - - - - - - - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + Voltage + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - + - - - ResonanceEscapeProbability - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - - - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + + + + + ElectricPotential + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + - Matter - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementUnit + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - - - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. - +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - - MutualInductance - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + - - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + + CharacterisationTask - + + + + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + Calendering + Calendering - - - - RadiusOfCurvature - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - - - Radius - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic - - - - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - - - - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - + + - - + + - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + Gathering + Gathering - - - - + + + - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - + - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + + + QualityFactor + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - + - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - - - ShearCutting - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + + DewPointTemperature + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - + - - - Cutting - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Schneiden - Cutting - - - - - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - - - - - + + - - + + 1 - - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - + - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + + + + + + + + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - MetrologicalUncertainty - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - - - - SolidAngle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - - - - - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - + - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + + Wavenumber + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - + - + - - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + ReciprocalLength + The inverse of length. + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - + - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - + - - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - + + + + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationTask - - CharacterisationTask + + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit + + + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - + + + + ChargeDistribution + + ChargeDistribution + + + + + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + - - MassDefect - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + NucleonNumber + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - + + + + + DebyeAngularFrequency + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + - + + + + NuclearMagneton + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - + + + + CyclicVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - + - - - Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + + MassChangeRate + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - + - - GroupVelocity - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassUnit + MassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + + + + ACVoltammetry + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + Weight + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + - + + - - VolumicCrossSection - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + Force + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + Array + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - - - - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + Mathematical + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + + + + + + + + SlowingDownDensity + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - + + + + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + + + ElectricPolarization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + - + - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + ElectricFluxDensity + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - Coulometry - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + PrincipalQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - + - - - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + Height + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - - - - - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - + - - + + - - - MagneticFluxDensity - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - - - + + 1 - + + - - - 1 + + - - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + Integer + An integer number. + Integer + An integer number. - + - - - RelativeVolumeStrain - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + Number + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. - - + + + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + 9-6.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + MolarEnergy + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. + + + + - + - + - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - - RefractiveIndex - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - + - - - - - - - - - SpecificVolume - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + ActivePower + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + - - Enthalpy - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + NeutronNumber + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - + - - - GapEnergy - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting - - - - - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + AmountFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - - DegreeOfDissociation - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - + - - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - - - - - BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - + - + - - Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + + EnergyFluence + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - + + + + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + Werkstücke + DiscreteManufacturing + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + - - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + Person + Person - - - - - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice - - - - - AngularWaveNumber - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - - - Python - Python + + + + MaterialRelation + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - + + + + + + + + + + + Equation + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y + + + - - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + C + C - - - - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - - - - ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + + + + + + + AlgebricEquation + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - + - - Admittance - Inverse of the impendance. - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - + - - + + - - - - ElectricConductance - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - - CarrierLifetime - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - + - + - - PoyntingVector - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + FundamentalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - + + + + + + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + + CoherenceLength + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp + + + + - - + + - - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + MolarConductivity + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - + - - InternalEnergy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + ReactivePower + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + FunctionalIcon + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricCharge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - - - + + - - - ParticleNumberDensity - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - + - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit + Real + A real number. + Real + A real number. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + + + + Thermogravimetry + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + + + + + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - ContinuumSubstance - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + + + + + + + + LinearMassDensity + Mass per length. + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - + - - ElectricPolarization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - + - - ElectricFluxDensity - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - - CyclotronAngularFrequency - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - - - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + SurfaceActivityDensity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - + - - - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + + + DisplacementVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - + - - - OsmoticPressure - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + + + + + + + Magnetization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + @@ -10466,1739 +10086,1654 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - - Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - Soldering - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Löten - Soldering + + ModulusOfCompression + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - + - - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - - - - - - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - DIN 8580:2020 - Urformen - PrimitiveForming - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - - + + - - + + - - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - - ACVoltammetry - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - - - - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - - - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - - - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - - - - - - - LinearExpansionCoefficient - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + StructureFactor + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - + + - - + + - - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - - - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - - + + - - - - SpecificHeatCapacity - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - - + + - - - ThermalResistance - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - - - - + + - Holistic - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration + -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + + Nailing + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nageln + Nailing + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + Pressing + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Anpressen + Pressing - + - - SlowingDownLength - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + InternalConversionFactor + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - + - + - - MagnetomotiveForce - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + AngularVelocity + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - - 2 + + - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + CharacterisationEnvironment + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - AtomicMass - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - - - - Whole - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + + + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - QualityFactor - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + + + + JoinManufacturing + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + + + + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - + - - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - + - + - - ModulusOfCompression - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + SpecificActivity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - Fugacity - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - - ThermalUtilizationFactor - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - Spacing - Spacing + + + + + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + DIN 8580:2020 + Umformen + Forming + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + + + KinematicViscosity + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - + - - ReactionEnergy - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + + MassDefect + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - - - - TotalCrossSection - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - + - + + - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + BohrMagneton + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - + + + SpinQuantumNumber + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - IonicStrength - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - + - - - - - - - - Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + KineticEnergy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - + + + + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. + + + + + + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - ElementaryParticle - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - ReferenceSample - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - ReferenceSpecimen - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material + + + + + HoleDensity + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + + + + + + + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - + - + - - RichardsonConstant - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + LuminousFlux + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - - - ShearForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - Schubumformen - ShearForming - - - - - - - RawData - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - + - + - - Compressibility - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + + TotalLinearStoppingPower + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - - - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + Rolling + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Walzen + Rolling - - - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + Folding + Folding - - - - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - + + + + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + + + + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit - - - - - - ChargeDistribution - - ChargeDistribution - - - - - - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - + - + - - MagneticTension - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + + + + EnergyDensityOfStates + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + + + + + + + + DensityOfVibrationalStates + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - + - - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + SecondaryData + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - - - - - GFactor - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - Presses - Presses + + + + + + + + + + + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + + + + + LondonPenetrationDepth + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + Distance + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - - - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - + - + - - - AmountOfSubstance - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + + Stress + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 + --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + + + SuperconductorEnergyGap + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalModel - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + + + + + GapEnergy + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - - + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal + + + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid + + + + + + + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + - - - 1 + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + + + ActivityDensity + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - + - - - SlowingDownArea - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - + - + - + + - Area - Extent of a surface. - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + + Velocity + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - - + + - - + + - - - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + LinearArray + 1DArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + + + OsmoticPressure + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + + MagneticFluxDensity + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - + - - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + Synchrotron + + Synchrotron - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - + - + - - - AmountConcentration - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + + Capacitance + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - - - - - SolidAngularMeasure - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - + - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Porosimetry + + Porosimetry - + - - Width - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + + + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - + - - - KineticFrictionForce - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + MeanFreePath + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - + - - - MeanEnergyImparted - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + ThermoelectricVoltage + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - - LongRangeOrderParameter - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - + + + + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + - + - - Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - - - - - - Attenuation - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - - + + + - - - + + + - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - RadialDistance - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - + + + + Casting + Casting + + + + - - + + + 2 - - - SurfaceMassDensity - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - MobilityRatio - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - - - RelativeMassDensity - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? - + + + + NominalProperty + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property + + + - + - NuclearMagneton - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + + VonKlitzingConstant + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - - - Parameter - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricResistance + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - + - - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + SamplePreparationInstrument - + + + + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + - - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - - - MaterialSynthesis - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + + + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - + - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + + + VoltagePhasor + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + - - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + DiffusionLength + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - - - - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - - PhaseCoefficient - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - + + + + CharacterisationComponent + + CharacterisationComponent + + + + + - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + + - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + Component + A constituent of a system. + Component + A constituent of a system. - + - + - - LuminousIntensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + + TotalMassStoppingPower + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + + + + + + + + + + + + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + + + + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. @@ -12222,2769 +11757,2574 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status.At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - - - - - IonizationEnergy - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - - - HoleDensity - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - + - - - PropagationCoefficient - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + + + + + + + Entropy + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - + - - - Wavenumber - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + Tortuosity + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - Painting - Painting - + + + + MeasuringInstrument + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - Amperometry - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - - QualityFactor - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - + - + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticDipoleMoment - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - + - - - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + + ElementaryCharge + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - + - + + - - BohrMagneton - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + + ElectricCharge + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - - - Profilometry - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - BondedAtom - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + + + + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + + + + + + + + + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - + - - - NuclearRadius - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + + + + + + + + + MolarEntropy + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + + - Boolean - A boolean number. - Boolean - A boolean number. - - - - - - - EnergyImparted - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - - ParticlePositionVector - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + + + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - + - + - + - PositionVector - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + + ElectricResistivity + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + + + + Numeral + Numeral - + - - - CurieTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + ApparentPower + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + + + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + + SampleInspection + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - - - - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + + URI + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + + + - - Susceptance - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 - + - - - LossAngle - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + + + + + + + FineStructureConstant + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - + + + + + KineticFrictionForce + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + - - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + RawSample + + RawSample - - - - - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - - - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + + CubicExpansionCoefficient + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + + + + ComptonWavelength + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - - Porosimetry - - Porosimetry + + + + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - - - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + Exponent + Exponent - - - - Welding - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Schweißen - Welding + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - + - - - - - - - - - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + FermiEnergy + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - + - - - - - - - - - LinearMassDensity - Mass per length. - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - - - CrystallineMaterial - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - + + + + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - - - - - RelativePermittivity - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + MassConcentrationOfWater + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - + - - - ElectronMass - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + MassConcentration + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - + - + + - - - - - - + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + - - RelativeMassDefect - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + LarmonFrequency + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - + - + - - SeebeckCoefficient - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - - - - - - RestEnergy - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + Mobility + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - + + + - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - - - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - + - - - AmountFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + + + + + + + PositionVector + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - DonorDensity - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + + + + FormingBlasting + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - - - - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + + + + HardwareModel + + HardwareModel + + + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - SpatioTemporalTile - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + Java + Java - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - - - - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + + + + + + + + + + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - + + - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - + - - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + ProbeSampleInteraction + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - - - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - + + + + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + - - + + = - - - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + + Equals + The equals symbol. + Equals + The equals symbol. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + ResonanceEscapeProbability + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + + NumberOfEntities + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + Cleaning + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalParticle - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - + - - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + + + ElectricDipoleMoment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + UnitOne + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - + - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + + + Coulometry + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + + + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - + - - - Lethargy - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + ElectricImpedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + - - + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + + + + + ThermalConductivity + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + Drilling + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Bohren + Drilling - - - - - - - - - - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - + - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementParameterAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - + - - - WorkFunction - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + + + Gyroradius + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - + - - CurrentLinkage - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + Radius + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - + - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + + + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - NuclidicMass - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - + - - - RestMass - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - - - - - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - + + + + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + + + + + + + + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - + + + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - LuminousFlux - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + Milling + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Fräsen + Milling - - - - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + + + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalBoson - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + SampleInspectionInstrument - + - - - MeanLinearRange - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - - NominalProperty - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - -A color is a nominal property. - -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + + + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - - LandeFactor - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + + + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - + - - - DiffusionLength - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - - - FermiEnergy - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + + + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - + + + AntiTau + AntiTau + + + + - - - - + + + + - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - - - - - - - - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - Cleaning - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - - - - - DebyeWallerFactor - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + Gluing + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Kleben + Gluing - - + + - - - 1 + + - - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + + MomentOfIntertia + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - + - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + + + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - + - + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricConductivity - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - - - - - - - - - - - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + + + + Molds + Molds - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - - - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + + ElectronRadius + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - - - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + + + DisplacementCurrent + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - + - - - - - - - - ElectricDipoleMoment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + PhaseDifference + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - + + + + + ActivityOfSolvent + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + - + - - - ElectricResistivity - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - - - HartreeEnergy - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + VolumicTotalCrossSection + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + - - ActivePower - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + + + ThermalUtilizationFactor + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - + - - XrayDiffraction + + TensileTesting - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalStructure - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + + + + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - + - - - InternalConversionFactor - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + + + ElectronAffinity + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + + + + + + + + - - IonTransportNumber - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + ExtentOfReaction + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + + + + + BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - - - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + + + - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - VacuumMagneticPermeability - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - + + + + + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + - + - - Permeability - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + MagneticFlux + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + + + + AngularWaveNumber + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - - PoissonNumber - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - + + + - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit + + + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - + - - - - - - - - - Coercivity - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + + ShortRangeOrderParameter + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - - - - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + SparkErosion + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - + + + + Ablation + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Abtragen + Ablation + + + + - - GrueneisenParamter - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + QualityFactor + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - - - - CountingUnit - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - - - - FractionUnit - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + + + AngularMeasure + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - + - + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalConductivity - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + - + + - - + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ElectricFlux - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - + + + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + - - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - Strain - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - - - - - - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + + + + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + PositionVector + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - - - - BindingFraction - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - NumberOfEntities - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - + - + - - MomentOfIntertia - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + Luminance + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino + + + - + + - - + + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - MeanMassRange - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - + + + - + - - - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + + AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - - - - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + + AbsoluteHumidity + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - - - - MaterialRelation - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - - + + + + + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + - - + + - - - Equation - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y - - - - - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - + - - - DeepDrawing - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - + - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + RelativeVolumeStrain + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - DensityUnit - DensityUnit - + + + + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - - Gluing - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Kleben - Gluing +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - PeltierCoefficient - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - Nailing - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nageln - Nailing + + + + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - Pressing - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + + NuclearRadius + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - + - + - - Action - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + + CelsiusTemperature + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - + - - - MaterialTreatment - esce workpiece - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Urformen + PrimitiveForming + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - - - - - - - + + - - CharacterisationSystem - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - - - - - - - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + + + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - + - - - Kerma - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + + NonActivePower + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - - - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + + + + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - + - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + + + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - + - - - NeutronNumber - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - + - - + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + + + + Permeance + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - + - - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - - - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + + + + + + + + AngularMomentum + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 @@ -15014,56 +14354,7 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard.A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - - RelativeMassExcess - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - + PathLength @@ -15077,157 +14368,60 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - - - - MaximumEfficiency - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 - - - - - - RotationalFrequency - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - - OxidationNumber - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - - ChargeNumber - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - + + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - DisplacementCurrentDensity - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - - - - - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - - - Widening - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Weiten - Widening + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - SpinQuantumNumber - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalStructure + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. @@ -15242,1362 +14436,1120 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard.5-5.2 - - - - - ActiveEnergy - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - - - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - - - - - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - - - PartialPressure - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - - - + - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark - - - - - - - BohrRadius - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - - - - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit - - - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + ElectronType + ElectronType - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - + - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion - - - - - MassConcentrationOfWater - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + + ConventionalProperty + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - + + - - + + - - - MagneticReluctance - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - - - + - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - - Planing - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Hobeln - Planing + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - - - - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + IntermediateSample + + IntermediateSample - + - - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + ResonanceEnergy + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - + - - - - - - - - - ElectricChargeDensity - Electric charge per volume. - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + + + - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + BohrRadius + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - + - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - + + + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + + + + CriticalTemperature + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + + + - - + + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - Integer - An integer number. - Integer - An integer number. + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + + + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - QuantityValue - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - - - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + + CyclotronAngularFrequency + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + DrawForming + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalConductance - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + + + + TensileForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - + + + - + - + - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + + + + CurrentLinkage + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - + - + - - TotalMassStoppingPower - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - + Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + + - + - - ModulusOfElasticity - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + ThermalConductance + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - - - - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + + AngularWavenumber + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. - - + + - - + + - Persistence - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). - -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + Data + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Structural - Structural + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - - - - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + + + + RadialDistance + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - - - - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + MagneticSusceptibility + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - Ablation - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Abtragen - Ablation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - - - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - + - + - - Acceleration - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + ParticleFluence + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - - - - - Luminance - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + + + + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - ElectricReactance - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - + + + + + CountingUnit + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - + + + + + ChargeNumber + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + + - + - - ParticleCurrentDensity - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + + DoseEquivalent + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - + + + + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + - - - LevelWidth - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + PoissonNumber + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - + - - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + Strain + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - + - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + + NonLeakageProbability + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - + - - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - - - - - SampleExtraction - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + - - - StandardAmountConcentration - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - SampleInspection - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + Screwing + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Schrauben + Screwing - + - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - + - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + + + MassFraction + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - + - - - - - - - - - MassFlow - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - Folding - Folding + + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - + - + - LeakageFactor - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - + - - - RotationalDisplacement - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - - - - JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + + + + + + + + + + + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - + - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + + + EnergyImparted + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + + + + + + + + + + + AreaDensity + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - + - - - PowerFactor - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - - - - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - - - StrippingVoltammetry - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - + + + + + LogarithmicDecrement + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - - + + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - + - + - - Momentum - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - - - - - - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - - Moulding - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Gesenkformen - Moulding - - - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit - - - - - ProcessingReproducibility - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + ParticleFluenceRate + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - + + - Tortuosity - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - + + RelativeHumidity + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + - - - - - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + + + + + + + SolubilityProduct + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + + - + - + - + @@ -16605,821 +15557,773 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - - - - - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalParticle - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - - Grinding - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Schleifen - Grinding + FundamentalInteraction + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - + - - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + + + + + + VolumicCrossSection + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + Cementing + Cementing - - - - Sawing - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - - - - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - + + - - - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - - - - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. + + + + Porosity + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - + - - MolarInternalEnergy - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - + + + + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + - - - AtomicScatteringFactor - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - - - - - - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + + + TotalCrossSection + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - + + - - + + - - Existent - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - + + - - + + - - - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Program - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - - - DewPointTemperature - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + IonNumberDensity + Number of ions per volume. + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - + - - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - Potentiometry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Electrogravimetry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + + ConstitutiveProcess + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - - - - - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - + - + - - SurfaceActivityDensity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + + ThermalInsulance + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - - NeelTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + + + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - + + + + + + - + + - - - - - Component - A constituent of a system. - Component - A constituent of a system. - - - - + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - + + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticFieldStrength + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + + + + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - + - - - RelativePermeability - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + + + + + + + CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - + + + + SampleInspectionParameter + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + + + + + AngularAcceleration + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - - - - - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - LondonPenetrationDepth - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + + Parameter + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation - + - - StepChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + StrippingVoltammetry + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Data - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - SparkErosion - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - + + + + + RelativeMassDensity + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + + + + + LatticePlaneSpacing + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + + Viscometry + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - LengthUnit - LengthUnit - - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coded - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + ExposureRate + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - SampleInspectionParameter - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + DonorDensity + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - + - - LinkedFlux - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + DebyeWallerFactor + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - + - + - MagneticFlux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + ScalarMagneticPotential + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - Person - Person + + + + + LinearIonization + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - + - - - - - - - - DynamicViscosity - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + RefractiveIndex + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - - LatticePlaneSpacing - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - + - - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + Potentiometry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + Welding + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Schweißen + Welding - + - + - + - + @@ -17427,741 +16331,594 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - + - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + + GroupVelocity + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. + + + + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + + ProtonMass + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - - - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + RamanSpectroscopy + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - + - - - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - Rolling - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Walzen - Rolling + + + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - + - + - KinematicViscosity - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - - - - - - - - - MagneticMoment - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + + + + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - + + + + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + - + - Stress - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + + ParticleCurrentDensity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - - IsochoricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant volume. - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - + + - - + + Δ - - - CelsiusTemperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + Laplacian + Laplacian - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator - + + + + + + + + - - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + RecombinationCoefficient + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - + - - - ShearStrain - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging - - - - - - - ConstitutiveProcess - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - - - - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + ReactionEnergy + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + + + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + + + + + + + + PoyntingVector + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + + MobilityRatio + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - - - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - + - - - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - - - / + + - - Division - Division - - - - - - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - - - - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - - - + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing - - - - - - + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - + + + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - + - - LinearScanVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ResourceIdentifier + + ResourceIdentifier - + + + + TotalCurrent + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + - + - - MassExcess - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - - - - NonLeakageProbability - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - + - - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + 3DPrinting + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + + + + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + + ResidualResistivity + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - Magnetization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + + + + + + + + + + SemioticEntity + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - - - - - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment - +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - - - - DisplacementCurrent - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - HardwareModel - - HardwareModel + + + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - - - - - - - - RecombinationCoefficient - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark - + - + - - AreaDensity - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - VonKlitzingConstant - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging - - - - - - - - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + + MassFlow + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + - - + + - - - Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - + + - - + + - - - AcceptorDensity - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark @@ -18178,203 +16935,41 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - - - - - - - - AngularAcceleration - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - - - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - SamplePreparationParameter - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - - + - ActivityOfSolvent - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sign - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + MolecularPartitionFunction + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - + - - - - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + ReactorTimeConstant + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - + - - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -18384,89 +16979,48 @@ The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest BlowMolding - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - - - - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - + - + - - - - - - - + + - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark - - - - - - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - + - + - + @@ -18474,748 +17028,766 @@ The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 - + + + + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + - - PrincipalQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + + FastFissionFactor + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + + + + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - - XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting + + + + + + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + + + - + + - - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + + Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - + - - - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + + + - - - DisplacementVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - + - - PeriodDuration - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - - - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + + + BraggAngle + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - ThreePointBendingTesting - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - + + + + + + + + + + + AmountOfSubstance + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + + + + + + + ChemicalPotential + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + ElectronMass + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark + + + + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticReluctance + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + InternalEnergy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - - - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + ShearForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + Schubumformen + ShearForming - - - - RamanSpectroscopy - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - Cementing - Cementing - - - - - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - - - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - + - - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + Admittance + Inverse of the impendance. + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - + - - - - - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + + DoseEquivalentRate + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - + - + - - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + + + AbsorbedDoseRate + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - + + + + + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + - + - - AngularMeasure - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + TotalIonization + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + + + HalfValueThickness + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - - - - - - - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + + + + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - RelativeHumidity - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + Amperometry + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath + + + - - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + SolidAngle + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + + + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - - - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + XrdGrazingIncidence - - - - - - - - - - - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + Positron + Positron - + + + + + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + - + - - AvogadroConstant - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + MagneticVectorPotential + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - + + - - Δ + + - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - - - - LinearIonization - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering + + + + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - - - - - - - - - - MolarConductivity - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - + - - - MigrationLength - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + ExchangeIntegral + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - + - - ConductometricTitration - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - - - - Conductometry - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalInteraction - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + AreaUnit + AreaUnit @@ -19253,544 +17825,470 @@ This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilati https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + + + Letter + Letter - - - - Probe - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - + - - RadiantFlux - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - Bending - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending + + + + Susceptance + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance - - - - FlexuralForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - + + - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit - - - - - - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - - SecondaryData - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + DragForce + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - + - - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + + ModulusOfElasticity + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - - - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + + + + SpecificEnthalpy + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - + + - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - MagneticPolarisation - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark + + + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 + + + - - CharacterisationComponent + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - CharacterisationComponent + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - + + + + + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 + + + + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - - - - - - - - - - - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + + + + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - + + + + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + + + TotalAngularMomentum + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - + - + - - ElectronDensity - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - - PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - + - - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + + + + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + + + + + + HeatFlowRate + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - - - + + + - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + 2 - - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + + + + + + 1 + + + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - IsentropicExponent - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + + + + Profilometry + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - + + + + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + + + + + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + - - - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - + - + - - MassieuFunction - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + Coercivity + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - + - - Spin - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - - - - - - SourceVoltage - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - - - Numeral - Numeral - - - - - - - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + MigrationLength + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - + @@ -19799,278 +18297,252 @@ It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - IonNumberDensity - Number of ions per volume. - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. - - - - - - - PackingFraction - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + AcceptorDensity + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - + - - Flanging - Flanging + + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - + - + - Torque - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - - - - DragCoefficient - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - - Viscometry - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + MagnetomotiveForce + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - + - - SpecificGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + RollingResistanceFactor + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - + - - - ShortRangeOrderParameter - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + MeanEnergyImparted + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - + - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - - - - + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + + + + SpecificVolume + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + ShearOrTorsionTesting - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - + + + + + FermiTemperature + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + + - - - - - - + + - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - + - - - - - - - - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 - - - - - - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - - - - - - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - - - - - - - - - - BurgersVector - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - + - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino @@ -20094,30 +18566,89 @@ It defines the base unit second in the SI system.π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + + LeakageFactor + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + + + Filling + Filling + + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + + HardwareManufacturer + + + + + + + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + + + + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + + + Widening + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Weiten + Widening @@ -20133,1058 +18664,1067 @@ It defines the base unit second in the SI system.AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + + RelativePermeability + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - + - - - HalfLife - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - ResourceIdentifier - - ResourceIdentifier + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - - - - - - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - - - - LarmonFrequency - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - SemioticEntity - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + + Conductometry + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - + - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - + - - - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - + - - - - - - - - - Molality - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + + + EffectiveMass + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleSourceDensity - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + + + + Command + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - + - - - - - - - - VolumicTotalCrossSection - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + + SlowingDownLength + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - + - - - - - - - - DecayConstant - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + + BindingFraction + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - - - - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - - - + - - Gyroradius - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + MultiplicationFactor + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - + + + + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + - + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding + + + + + + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + + + + + + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + + + - - - SpecificEnergyImparted - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + MagneticPolarisation + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - + - - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + + Bending + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending - - - - - - - - - - AlgebricEquation - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + + OrdinalQuantity + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - + + + + + LevelWidth + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - - - - CubicExpansionCoefficient - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - + - - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + Diameter + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing + + + - + + SpecificInternalEnergy + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MolarEntropy - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - + - - IsobaricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + CentreOfMass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - + - Curvature - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + WaveVector + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + + + + + + + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - + - - Molds - Molds + + Grinding + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Schleifen + Grinding - - - - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark + + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit - - - - - - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - + + + + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + + + + - - + + - - - AbsorbedDoseRate - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - + - - - - - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + IonizationEnergy + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - + - + - - - MolecularConcentration - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + MassieuFunction + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - + - + + - - + + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - DiffusionArea - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - - SampledDCPolarography - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - - - IntermediateSample - - IntermediateSample + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - + - - - - ThermalDiffusionFactor - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - - - Assigned - Assigned - - - - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + LossAngle + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor - + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - + - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - - + - - - - Plus - Plus + + + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - FormingBlasting - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + + + + + + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - + - + + - - + + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Mobility - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - - - - - - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + OutlierRemoval + + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. + OutlierRemoval + Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses. - + - - XrayPowderDiffraction - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit - - - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - + + + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - VolumeFlowRate - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - + + - - + + - - - - ElectricFieldStrength - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + + Minus + Minus - + - + - LorenzCoefficient - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + ElectronDensity + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - ReactivePower - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + + + + + + + + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - + - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark - + - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + + + Attenuation + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - + + + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + + + - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + + Work + Product of force and displacement. + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + BondedAtom + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - - - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark + + + + + + Ruby + Ruby + + + + - - CoherenceLength - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CurieTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + MassFractionOfWater + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - + - - MolecularPartitionFunction - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + + GrueneisenParamter + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit @@ -21199,304 +19739,355 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sig Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - + - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding - - - - - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - + - - - - - - - - - PlanckFunction - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - + - - - - - - - - - MagneticFieldStrength - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - - - - AlgebricExpression - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + + + + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + VacuumMagneticPermeability + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - - - - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + + SourceVoltage + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - + + + - - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - + - - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - - - - - - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - - - - Solubility - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - - - C - C + + + + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - + - - - ElectronRadius - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + LinkedFlux + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - + + + + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - - + + + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - + - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + + + + + + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + + + + + + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + PotentialEnergy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + + TotalCurrentDensity + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. @@ -21510,106 +20101,27 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sig A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit - - - - - - TotalCurrent - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 - - - - - - - MolarGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - - - - - - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - + + - + - + - + @@ -21617,232 +20129,247 @@ This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sig - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - + + + + LinearScanVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + + + + LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + - - 3DPrinting - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 - - - - - - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - + - - ApparentPower - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + PackingFraction + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - - - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - DoseEquivalentRate - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - - - - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + + + + + + + + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - - - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - - Activity - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + + ConductometricTitration + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - + + + - - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - - - - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coded + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - - - - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark @@ -21858,823 +20385,878 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously VolumePerMassUnit - - - - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - - - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - + - - + - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + + + + ElectricChargeDensity + Electric charge per volume. + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - + - + - MagneticVectorPotential - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + ElectricFieldStrength + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - + + + + Soldering + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Löten + Soldering + + + + + + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + - - - BraggAngle - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + RestEnergy + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + - - + - - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + + + + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds + + + + + SolidAngularMeasure + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - + + + + + Spin + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + + Enthalpy + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - + - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + + Sawing + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - + - - PotentialEnergy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + + + + + RichardsonConstant + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + + + + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing - - - - - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - - - - - - - MixingRatio - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - + - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - + - - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + + + DragCoefficient + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - POH - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - + + + + Foaming + Foaming + + + - - Synchrotron - - Synchrotron + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementParameterAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + + + ElectricReactance + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + + + ParticlePositionVector + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. + + + - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + - - + + / - - - Radioactivity - Decays per unit time. - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + + Division + Division - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalParticle + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + + + + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + - - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + Moulding + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + + + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - - - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + + FlexuralForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing + + + - + - - ExtentOfReaction - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + + SurfaceMassDensity + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - + + + + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + + - - NeutronYieldPerFission - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - - RollingResistance - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - + - - - RollingResistanceFactor - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + Curvature + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - - - - - ResidualResistivity - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - + - - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + Determined + Determined - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + + + + + RelativeMassDefect + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - - = - - - - - Equals - The equals symbol. - Equals - The equals symbol. + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - + - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + IsobaricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - + - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - - - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + SamplePreparationParameter + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - + - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + + + MolarInternalEnergy + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - + - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - + - - - PhaseDifference - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - - + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + + + + + + + Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + - - LarmonAngularFrequency - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + MeanLinearRange + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + + + StepChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + + + + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - + - - Exponent - Exponent - - - - - - + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + Plus + Plus - + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 + + + - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. - + - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 + + DampingCoefficient + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - + - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - + - - - - - - - - - - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing + + + + - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - + + + + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - - - - - - + + @@ -22689,396 +21271,443 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + + + + + MaterialSynthesis + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + + + + + + ScanningKelvinProbe + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + + + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + + + + + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing + + + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Screwing - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Schrauben - Screwing + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark - + - - - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - + - + - + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark - - - - - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - - - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - - - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - + - - + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit + + + + DiffusionArea + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - + - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + + RadiantEnergy + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - + - + + + MassFractionOfDryMatter + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + + - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + Persistence + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 + + + + - - + + - - FineStructureConstant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate - + - - - - - - - - - EnergyFluenceRate - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - - - - - - DragForce - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - - - - - - Signal - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - - - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + RotationalDisplacement + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - + - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - DissociationConstant - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - + - - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - ElementaryCharge - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - + + - - + + - - - MolarVolume - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - CentreOfMass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + + + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion + + + + + + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + + + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + + + CausalConvexSystem + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark @@ -23091,37 +21720,121 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice + + + - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + + + PowerFactor + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - + + + + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark + + + + + + + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + + - + - AngularVelocity - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + + PeltierCoefficient + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 2 + + + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron @@ -23147,1758 +21860,2888 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - - - - ElectricImpedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + + Flanging + Flanging - - - - - SuperconductorEnergyGap - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + DeepDrawing + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - + + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - + + + + - - ∇ + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Gradient - Gradient + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - + + + + + SlowingDownArea + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + - + - - MassAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - - - Ruby - Ruby - - - - - - - EffectiveMass - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - - - - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + ThermalResistance + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + Presses + Presses - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + + + + + + + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - + - - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + + + Python + Python - + - - VoltagePhasor - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + + + + + + LorenzCoefficient + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - + - - - RadiantEnergy - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + RollingResistance + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + + + MechanicalEfficiency + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - + + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - + - - - - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + + RelativeMassExcess + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + PeriodDuration + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - + + + - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - + - - - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + + + AtomicScatteringFactor + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - + - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + Planing + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Hobeln + Planing - + - - - - - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + + + LongRangeOrderParameter + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - + + + + + + + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - - Milling - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Fräsen - Milling - - - - - - KineticEnergy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + Boolean + A boolean number. + Boolean + A boolean number. - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - - HardwareManufacturer + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - + - - - - - - + + - - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + + MassAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - - - - RawSample - - RawSample + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + - + - - EnergyDensityOfStates - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EquilibriumPositionVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + + + + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - + + + + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - + - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 - - - - - - Filling - Filling + + + PropagationCoefficient + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - + - - - MechanicalEfficiency - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + + + + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - + - - - MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + OxidationNumber + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - - - - - - - - - - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + + PhaseCoefficient + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant - - - - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + + + Width + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - - - - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + + + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - + + + + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - + - - - - - - - - - MolarMass - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + MigrationArea + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - - - - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + + + + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - + - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + + + MolarGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - - - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - + - + - - SlowingDownDensity - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + ElectricFlux + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - + + + + + + + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture + + + - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - Java - Java + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + Gradient - - - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - MigrationArea - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - - - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + Spacing + Spacing - + - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + + + + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + + + + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - + - + - + - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - + + + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit + + + - - DippingForms - DippingForms + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandaloneAtom + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + Signal + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + NeelTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + MutualInductance + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - + + - - + + + + + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp - - - - - - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - + - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + + Assemblying + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark + + + + + + Painting + Painting + + + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - - LossFactor - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + + + + + StandardAmountConcentration + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + + + + + + + + + + + + AmountConcentration + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - + + + - - - - - - - - + + - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion - - - + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + + MagneticQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - + + + + + + + + + + + Acceleration + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark + + + + + + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - + + + + + + + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting + + + - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit - - - - - - - RybergConstant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + PhaseVelocity + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - - - - Letter - Letter + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - + - - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson - - - - - - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - + - - + + + + + + - - Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + - - - - - GibbsEnergy - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - - - - Irradiate - Irradiate + + + + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - Command - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - - - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + PhaseAngle + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - + + + + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 - - - - - - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - - SampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + + DropForging + DropForging - + - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - Positron - Positron - - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - - - - DropForging - DropForging + + + + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - - - - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + + + + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensity + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + + + + + + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - Gerhard Goldbeck - - Gerhard Goldbeck - Gerhard Goldbeck - - - - + - Pierluigi Del Nostro - - Pierluigi Del Nostro - Pierluigi Del Nostro - + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + - - - - Daniele Toti - - Daniele Toti - Daniele Toti - + + + + Solubility + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + - - - - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural + - - - + + + + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + - - - + + + + SpecificGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + - - EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject - Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. - + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleSourceDensity + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + - - - - - - - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - + + + + + VolumeFraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + - - - - - - - - hasSpatioTemporalTile - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - + + + + + LossFactor + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. + - - - - - - - - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - - - - - - - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - + + + + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + - - - - - - - - - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms + - + + + + + + + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + - + + + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 + - - - - - - - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - + + + + + + + + + + + Fugacity + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + - - - - - - - - - hasMetrologicalReference - Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. - In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + + + + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + + + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + - Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 + -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + + + RadiusOfCurvature + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting + -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance + - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + + + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + -was changed to + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit + - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + + + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. - hasMetrologicalReference - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark + - - - - - - - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - + + + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN + + + + + + + + + + + + + MolarMass + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. + + + + + + + HalfLife + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + + + + + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit + + + + + + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing + + + + + + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + + + + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit + + + + + + + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit + + + + + + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit + + + + + + + + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + + + + + + + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeanMassRange + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + + + + + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit + + + + + + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + + + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassExcess + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + + + + + + + + + + + + Torque + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + + + + + + + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel + + + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding + + + + + + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + + + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + + + + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + + + + ParticleEmissionRate + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion + + + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark + + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + + + + + + + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 + + + + + + + + + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticDipoleMoment + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + + + + + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + + + DisplacementCurrentDensity + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating + + + + + + + + + + + + DynamicViscosity + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + + + + + Riveting + Riveting + + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + GasMixture + + + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + NeutronYieldPerFission + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit + + + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging + + + + + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + - - - - - - - - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - + + + + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + - - - - - - - - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit + - - - + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimeUnit + TimeUnit + + + + + + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + + - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore - + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + + + + + + Gerhard Goldbeck + + Gerhard Goldbeck + Gerhard Goldbeck + + + + + + Pierluigi Del Nostro + + Pierluigi Del Nostro + Pierluigi Del Nostro + + + + + + Daniele Toti + + Daniele Toti + Daniele Toti + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: + - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology + - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject + - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject + Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. + @@ -24913,66 +24756,48 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - - - - - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - + - - - - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - + - - - + + + - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + + + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + + + + + + + + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + @@ -24986,628 +24811,339 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally hasNumericalPart - - - - - - - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - + + - - - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 3 - - - - 1 - - - - 2 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 4 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - - - - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - - - - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - - - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - - - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - + + + + + hasMetrologicalReference + Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. + In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Verfestigen durch Umformen - + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +was changed to - - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasMetrologicalReference + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - + + + + + + + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + - - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - + + + + + + + + hasSpatioTemporalTile + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore + - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + + + + + + + + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + - - - - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - + + + + + + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + - - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). - + - - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - + + + + + + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + - - - - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - + + + + + + + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + - - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - + + + + + + + + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + + + + + + + + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + + + + + + + + + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + - - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - + + + + + + + + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - + + + + + + + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + - - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - + + + + + + + + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Implementation of equality based on mereology. - + + 1 + - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - + + 1 + - - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - + + 1 + - - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - + + 1 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - + + 1 + - - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - + + 1 + - - - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - + + 1 + - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - + + 3 + - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - + + 1 + - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + + 1 + - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - + + 1 + - - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - + + 1 + - - - - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - + + 1 + - - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - + + 4 + - - - - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - + + 2 + - - - - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - + + 1 + - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - Object that is processed with a machine + + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. @@ -25617,7 +25153,7 @@ manufacturing: production of components - + @@ -25625,7 +25161,7 @@ manufacturing: production of components - + @@ -25639,7 +25175,7 @@ manufacturing: production of components - + @@ -25648,10 +25184,39 @@ manufacturing: production of components - - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. @@ -25662,85 +25227,188 @@ manufacturing: production of components - - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + Object that is processed with a machine - - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + + + + + + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + + + + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + ISO 4885:2018-02 + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + + + + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + + + + + + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - - ISO 13574:2015-02 - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + + + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium @@ -25750,56 +25418,64 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + Transitivity for parthood. - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + + + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. @@ -25809,22 +25485,36 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - + - - - + + @@ -25833,58 +25523,80 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - + - + - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + + + + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - ISO 4885:2018-02 - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + DIN 8587:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. @@ -25896,52 +25608,55 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - - - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). @@ -25951,16 +25666,17 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - - - - + + + + + @@ -25970,99 +25686,78 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - - + + Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - - - - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - - - - - - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - - - ISO 14034:2016-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - - - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. @@ -26072,57 +25767,58 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + - + - - - + + - Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - EN 16603-11:2019-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). @@ -26133,97 +25829,97 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + + + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - - - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + + + DIN 55405:2014-12 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - - - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - Boson + + FundamentalBoson 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. @@ -26233,6 +25929,13 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powderFrom Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + + @@ -26240,7 +25943,7 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + @@ -26249,7 +25952,7 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + @@ -26263,55 +25966,78 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + - Transitivity for parthood. + Transitivity for proper parthood. + + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + + + + + + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. @@ -26321,96 +26047,206 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powderRemoval of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + + + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + + + + + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + + + + + + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + + + + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + + + + + + ISO 14034:2016-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + + + + + + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + + + + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + + + + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + + + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - - DIN 55405:2014-12 - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - - - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. @@ -26442,9 +26278,24 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. @@ -26455,175 +26306,329 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - - - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - - - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + + + + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + ISO 13574:2015-02 + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - - DIN 8587:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + + + + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Verfestigen durch Umformen - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + + - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + + + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + - - - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". @@ -26634,87 +26639,96 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - - - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + + + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + + + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index f219dc0..8656dbf 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -8789,14 +8789,6 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"@en . -:DataFiltering a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "DataFiltering"@en ; - rdfs:comment "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; - skos:prefLabel "DataFiltering"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria."^^xsd:string . - :DataNormalisation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DataNormalisation"@en ; rdfs:comment "Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale."@en, @@ -9227,6 +9219,15 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard."""@en ; skos:prefLabel "OpticalMicroscopy"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light."@en . +:OutlierRemoval a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "OutlierRemoval"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string, + "Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf :DataFiltering ; + skos:prefLabel "OutlierRemoval"^^xsd:string ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Outlier removal refers to the process of identifying and eliminating anomalous data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern of a dataset. These outliers are generally considered to be observations that are unusually distant from other values and can potentially distort the results of analyses."@en . + :PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy"@en ; rdfs:comment "Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules."@en ; @@ -9559,7 +9560,9 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation :hasCharacterisationInput a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationInput"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationData ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; skos:altLabel "hasCharacterizationInput"@en ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationInput"@en . @@ -9577,7 +9580,9 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation :hasCharacterisationOutput a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasCharacterisationOutput"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:domain :CharacterisationProcedure ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationData ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; skos:altLabel "hasCharacterizationOutput"@en ; skos:prefLabel "hasCharacterisationOutput"@en . @@ -10956,7 +10961,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b2c223f_89fb_4407_b1b6_24774b7fe770 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; @@ -11542,11 +11547,11 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_251cfb4f_5c75_4778_91ed_6c8395212fd8 ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "Coded"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author."@en, @@ -11869,13 +11874,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; skos:prefLabel "Proton"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton"^^xsd:string . @@ -12326,7 +12331,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c, ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; @@ -12533,8 +12538,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbf42aa6_9e11_4be8_932a_ae3c792ab17d a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_cc741dde_2c7c_46ef_bb66_16a6d12c2a88 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "AntiQuark"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_74fd4dfc_a59e_4f66_8822_7fc3ad8a0664 ns1:EMMO_c88a0f70_482b_4e37_9ae2_ee66bbfc20a7 ns1:EMMO_ffd65547_6a7e_499d_826a_cee9e7d669fd ), - ( ns1:EMMO_a24cbaac_9595_4672_8a60_2818938cfc60 ns1:EMMO_dd891386_9d00_4d6f_8fad_f69e0522d47a ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_a24cbaac_9595_4672_8a60_2818938cfc60 ns1:EMMO_dd891386_9d00_4d6f_8fad_f69e0522d47a ), + ( ns1:EMMO_74fd4dfc_a59e_4f66_8822_7fc3ad8a0664 ns1:EMMO_c88a0f70_482b_4e37_9ae2_ee66bbfc20a7 ns1:EMMO_ffd65547_6a7e_499d_826a_cee9e7d669fd ) ; skos:prefLabel "AntiQuark"@en . ns1:EMMO_cc823237_398d_4c9a_b8fa_aa157ee3e3a5 a owl:ObjectProperty ; @@ -13408,6 +13413,14 @@ ns1:emmo_fd2aa864_eef7_4c3d_8243_9ea832d9df3e a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "DataAnalysis"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model."@en . +:DataFiltering a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "DataFiltering"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria."^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf :DataPreparation ; + skos:prefLabel "DataFiltering"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria."^^xsd:string . + :DataProcessingThroughCalibration a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DataProcessingThroughCalibration"@en ; rdfs:comment "Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations."@en ; @@ -13974,7 +13987,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_17b031fb_4695_49b6_bb69_189ec63df3ee a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1b6a95fb_3df7_44c9_ad3d_419c9c5fe7cb a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observed"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observed"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person met by the author."@en . @@ -14042,7 +14055,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en, """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1, ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ; @@ -14270,10 +14283,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb a owl:Class ; "An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0f6f0120_c079_4d95_bb11_4ddee05e530e ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; @@ -14495,7 +14508,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string . @@ -14590,7 +14603,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14787,7 +14800,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_88470739_03d3_4c47_a03e_b30a1288d50c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MathematicalFormula"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y."@en, "The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0, ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; skos:prefLabel "MathematicalFormula"@en ; @@ -14818,7 +14831,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_891d1351_3843_4da3_906b_3b30411bd512 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -14840,7 +14853,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -14953,7 +14966,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bb271f2_80a1_481a_ba78_368c4dccc235 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9be5fcc4_0d8b_481d_b984_6338d4b55588 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Measurer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ; skos:prefLabel "Measurer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property."@en . @@ -15165,7 +15178,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -15213,7 +15226,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -15231,7 +15244,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a a owl:Class ; The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units)."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. @@ -15422,7 +15435,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_eb95a619_ca07_4678_a809_10021b25a13f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -15572,7 +15585,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -15600,7 +15613,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -15857,11 +15870,11 @@ ns1:EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee a owl:Class ; On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "Interpreter"@en ; @@ -15956,7 +15969,7 @@ A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative proper ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606, ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; @@ -16088,7 +16101,7 @@ This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Subjective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """The beauty of that girl. @@ -16145,7 +16158,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_35d4c439_fcb6_4399_a855_a89a207b41e9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Description"@en ; rdfs:comment "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en, "A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Description"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A biography."@en, @@ -16158,7 +16171,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 a owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en, "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -16192,13 +16205,13 @@ A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics pers We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 ns1:EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ], + [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a ns1:EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ], - [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 ns1:EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "EncodedVariation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EncodedData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ; @@ -16518,7 +16531,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_90798691_3b86_4d8c_910f_be2b39c98b39 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -16535,7 +16548,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16556,7 +16569,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9ffffb55_3496_4307_82b8_a0d78fe1fcd8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -16622,7 +16635,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en, "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -16708,7 +16721,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -16906,7 +16919,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A determination of an object without any actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 ] ; @@ -16977,7 +16990,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b1fb71c_0eb0_445c_9be7_fb5d30ae79fd a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ], @@ -17029,7 +17042,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 a owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -17060,7 +17073,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3b031fa9_8623_4ea5_8b57_bcafb70c5c8b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observation"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 ] ; @@ -17079,14 +17092,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -17094,7 +17107,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_50ea1ec5_f157_41b0_b46b_a9032f17ca10 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "String"@en ; rdfs:comment "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en, "A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ; skos:prefLabel "String"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged."@en ; @@ -17279,7 +17292,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_961d1aba_f75e_4411_aaa4_457f7516ed6b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; @@ -17296,7 +17309,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9a50a0ae_841a_46fe_8b23_3df319b60611 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_9b87d718_9dcc_4f7d_ad20_12c2aa4c76be a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimated"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimated"@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The biography of a person that the author have not met."@en . @@ -17381,7 +17394,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c a owl:DatatypeProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ], @@ -17515,7 +17528,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f4a30d7e_8e8b_41e6_9695_d33a68f54f4b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -17643,12 +17656,12 @@ standards. rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Signal ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce ; skos:prefLabel "ProbeSampleInteraction"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal"@en . @@ -17758,7 +17771,7 @@ My facial expression stands for my emotional status."""@en . ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Determination"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ], @@ -17792,7 +17805,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -17988,7 +18001,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en, "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ], @@ -18123,7 +18136,7 @@ f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables."""@en, "The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f9bc8b52_85e9_4b53_b969_dd7724d5b8e4 ], @@ -18164,7 +18177,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en, "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], @@ -18206,10 +18219,10 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], + owl:someValuesFrom :Detector ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Detector ], + owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], ns1:EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929, :CharacterisationHardware ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument"^^xsd:string ; @@ -18264,7 +18277,7 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en . @@ -18292,7 +18305,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2a888cdf_ec4a_4ec5_af1c_0343372fc978 a owl:Class ; """The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Objective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel."@en . @@ -18309,7 +18322,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en, "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644, ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; @@ -18463,7 +18476,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An icon that focusing WHAT the object does."@en, "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en, "This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "FunctionalIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics)."@en, @@ -18499,9 +18512,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CausalSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en, "A non-path causal structure"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ) ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ), + ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A non-path causal structure"@en ; @@ -18510,19 +18523,11 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en . -:CharacterisationData a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "CharacterisationData"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; - skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationData"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . - :CharacterisationTask a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationTask"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -18619,7 +18624,7 @@ A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en, "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:117 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:108 ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. @@ -18636,7 +18641,7 @@ Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantu Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions."""@en, "The class of entities without proper parts."@en, "The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Quantum"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. @@ -18653,7 +18658,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en, "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en, "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en, "Work"@en ; @@ -18670,7 +18675,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en, """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -18681,7 +18686,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en, "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817 ] ; @@ -18790,20 +18795,20 @@ system specifications. "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb, :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; @@ -18873,7 +18878,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; @@ -18937,7 +18942,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; @@ -18956,12 +18961,12 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c0afb341_7d31_4883_a307_ae4606df2a1b ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ], ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; skos:prefLabel "Manufacturing"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes."@en ; @@ -18974,8 +18979,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 a owl:Class ; ISO 80000-1"""@en, "A metrological reference for a physical quantity."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e ns1:EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e ), - ( ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a ), + ( ns1:EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e ns1:EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e ) ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A metrological reference for a physical quantity."@en ; @@ -18999,7 +19004,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da a owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en, "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19057,6 +19062,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string, "Has shaped bodies as input and output."@en . +:CharacterisationData a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationData"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:comment "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; + skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationData"^^xsd:string ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process"@en . + :Chronopotentiometry a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Chronopotentiometry"@en ; rdfs:comment "Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used."@en ; @@ -19090,7 +19103,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 a owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c16bb7f_5400_4498_8ef2_54392908da4e ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ) ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -19201,17 +19214,17 @@ Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected toget "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . @@ -19248,8 +19261,8 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en, "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:81, - _:82 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:82, + _:98 ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -19308,7 +19321,7 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747."""@en, (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 ] ; @@ -19386,22 +19399,6 @@ ns1:EMMO_f2ca6dd0_0e5f_4392_a92d_cafdae6cfc95 a owl:Class ; skos:prefLabel "SIExactConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units."@en . -:CharacterisationProcedure a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - rdfs:comment "Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process."@en, - "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; - skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling"""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process."@en . - :MechanicalTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MechanicalTesting"@en ; rdfs:comment "Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc."@en ; @@ -19442,6 +19439,22 @@ i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom"""^^xsd:string . +:CharacterisationProcedure a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; + rdfs:comment "Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process."@en, + "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; + skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationProcedure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a """Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling"""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process."@en . + ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sintering"@en ; rdfs:comment "Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece."@en, @@ -19570,7 +19583,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en, "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en, "Endurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Object"@en ; @@ -19593,7 +19606,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce a owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en, "Perdurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en ; @@ -19835,7 +19848,7 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a ; skos:prefLabel "SIDimensionalUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI)."@en ; @@ -19858,82 +19871,99 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; - owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:81 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -19943,16 +19973,22 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; @@ -19961,23 +19997,46 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -19993,72 +20052,42 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the rdf:rest () ] ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20067,22 +20096,29 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20091,22 +20127,23 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20115,30 +20152,16 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20147,68 +20170,36 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components"""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20217,16 +20208,28 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20235,17 +20238,10 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20255,47 +20251,47 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20304,17 +20300,10 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20323,58 +20312,60 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_02122e58_e0b3_4274_bdd4_745f64a61645 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Factory"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20383,48 +20374,68 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; @@ -20442,52 +20453,37 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:108 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20509,67 +20505,26 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m rdf:rest () ] ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:117 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; @@ -20577,22 +20532,16 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:98 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20602,10 +20551,22 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; @@ -20614,16 +20575,10 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Software"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20632,22 +20587,22 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Software"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20656,10 +20611,10 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20668,10 +20623,16 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; @@ -20685,18 +20646,12 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Fom Latin variabilis (\"changeable\")."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; @@ -20709,12 +20664,6 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)."^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; @@ -20728,8 +20677,11 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20743,6 +20695,18 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -20761,18 +20725,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -20791,23 +20743,35 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20821,57 +20785,51 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FunctionalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20880,10 +20838,10 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20891,11 +20849,23 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Procedure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20903,6 +20873,12 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Procedure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; @@ -20910,18 +20886,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; @@ -20935,16 +20899,16 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20954,14 +20918,32 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1efe8b96_e006_4a33_bc9a_421406cbb9f0 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Whole"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”)."@en . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . + [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @@ -20974,34 +20956,41 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . + [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -21014,37 +21003,33 @@ A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . - -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21053,30 +21038,48 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; - owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:82 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; @@ -21086,48 +21089,28 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:82 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . + swrl:argument2 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21135,18 +21118,48 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . -_:155 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c26a0340_d619_4928_b1a1_1a04e88bb89d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . + +_:111 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . -_:117 a owl:Restriction ; +_:108 a owl:Restriction ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . -_:81 a owl:Restriction ; +_:82 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . -_:82 a owl:Restriction ; +_:98 a owl:Restriction ; owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; - owl:onProperty _:155 . + owl:onProperty _:111 . diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js index 473c763..9126670 100644 --- a/searchindex.js +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -Search.setIndex({"alltitles": {"ACVoltammetry": [[0, "acvoltammetry"]], "AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "abrasivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AccessConditions": [[0, "accessconditions"]], "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "adsorptivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AlphaSpectrometry": [[0, "alphaspectrometry"]], "Amperometry": [[0, "amperometry"]], "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy": [[0, "analyticalelectronmicroscopy"]], "AnodicStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "anodicstrippingvoltammetry"]], "AtomProbeTomography": [[0, "atomprobetomography"]], "AtomicForceMicroscopy": [[0, "atomicforcemicroscopy"]], "BPMNDiagram": [[0, "bpmndiagram"]], "BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod": [[0, "brunaueremmetttellermethod"]], "CalibrationData": [[0, "calibrationdata"]], "CalibrationDataPostProcessing": [[0, "calibrationdatapostprocessing"]], "CalibrationProcess": [[0, "calibrationprocess"]], "CalibrationTask": [[0, "calibrationtask"]], "Calorimetry": [[0, "calorimetry"]], "CathodicStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "cathodicstrippingvoltammetry"]], "CharacterisationComponent": [[0, "characterisationcomponent"]], "CharacterisationData": [[0, "characterisationdata"]], "CharacterisationDataValidation": [[0, "characterisationdatavalidation"]], "CharacterisationEnvironment": [[0, "characterisationenvironment"]], "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty": [[0, "characterisationenvironmentproperty"]], "CharacterisationExperiment": [[0, "characterisationexperiment"]], 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"CharacterisedSample": [[0, "characterisedsample"]], "ChargeDistribution": [[0, "chargedistribution"]], "Chromatography": [[0, "chromatography"]], "Chronoamperometry": [[0, "chronoamperometry"]], "Chronocoulometry": [[0, "chronocoulometry"]], "Chronopotentiometry": [[0, "chronopotentiometry"]], "Classes": [[0, "classes"]], "CompressionTesting": [[0, "compressiontesting"]], "ConductometricTitration": [[0, "conductometrictitration"]], "Conductometry": [[0, "conductometry"]], "ConfocalMicroscopy": [[0, "confocalmicroscopy"]], "CoulometricTitration": [[0, "coulometrictitration"]], "Coulometry": [[0, "coulometry"]], "CreepTesting": [[0, "creeptesting"]], "CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography": [[0, "criticalandsupercriticalchromatography"]], "CyclicChronopotentiometry": [[0, "cyclicchronopotentiometry"]], "CyclicVoltammetry": [[0, "cyclicvoltammetry"]], "DCPolarography": [[0, "dcpolarography"]], "DataAcquisitionRate": [[0, "dataacquisitionrate"]], "DataAnalysis": [[0, "dataanalysis"]], 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